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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary phosphorus on the intestine and hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity of juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Jian carp, with an average initial weight of 7.17 ± 0.01 g, were fed with diets containing graded concentrations of available phosphorus, namely 1.7 (control), 3.6, 5.5, 7.3, 9.2 and 11.0 g kg−1 diet for 9 weeks. Results showed that, in intestine and hepatopancreas, content of malondialdehyde ( MDA), protein carbonyl ( PC) and glutathione ( GSH), capacity of anti-superoxide anion ( ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical ( AHR), and glutathione reductase ( GR), catalase ( CAT), glutathione S-transferase ( GST), superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and glutathione peroxidase ( GPx) activities were significantly affected by dietary phosphorus levels ( P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that significant quadratic responses occurred in MDA content and ASA, GST, GPx and AHR activities in intestine, GSH content and CAT and SOD activities in hepatopancreas ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that optimal level of dietary phosphorus prevented oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas of juvenile Jian carp. The phosphorus requirement estimated from MDA using quadratic regression analysis was 5.7 g kg−1 diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of myo-inositol ( MI) on the growth and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes. The enterocytes were incubated in media containing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg MI L−1 for 96 h. The results indicated that MI could increase cell viability. In addition, the activities of cellular alkaline phosphatase ( AKP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ- GT), Na+, K+-adenosine trisphosphatase ( Na+, K+- ATPase) and creatinkinase ( CK) increased with MI supplementation at levels ranging from 15 to 60 mg MI L−1 medium, indicating an improvement in cell differentiation and function. Further, enzymatic antioxidant ability, as measured by total superoxide dismutase (T- SOD), Cu/ Zn- SOD, Mn- SOD, catalase ( CAT), glutathione peroxidase ( GPx) and glutathione- S-transferase ( GST) activities, improved with MI supplementation. Finally, cell damage, as indicated by lactic acid dehydrogenase ( LDH) activity, malondialdehyde ( MDA) content of the medium and cellular protein carbonyls ( PC), was all depressed by MI. Correlation analyses showed that cell viability ( MTT) was positively related to the antioxidant enzyme activities, but negatively related to cell damage ( LDH, MDA and PC). In summary, the data showed that MI could improve the growth of fish enterocytes. This result may be partly due to the enhanced antioxidant status and depressed oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant status of serum and muscle in juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg−1 diet) for 60 days were investigated. Both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in serum and muscle decreased with increasing dietary MHA level up to 5.1-10.2 g kg−1 diet ( P < 0.05). Anti-hydroxyl radical and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in muscle and serum, as well as anti-superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content in serum, increased with optimal MHA supplement ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, glutathione- S-transferase activity in serum showed a downward trend with dietary MHA up to 7.6 g kg−1 diet ( P < 0.05). These results indicated that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in serum and muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative damage and antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg−1 diet) for 60 days were studied. Radical scavenging ability, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reducase (GR), as well as glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were assayed in these tissues. Results indicated that anti-superoxide anion capacity in intestine and anti-hydroxyl radical capacity in hepatopancreas significantly improved with dietary MHA levels up to 7.6 and 10.2 g kg−1 diet respectively, whereupon they decreased ( P < 0.05). SOD, CAT, GST, GPX, GR activities in intestine and hepatopancreas, as well as GSH content in hepatopancreas significantly increased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1-10.2 g kg−1 diet, and thereafter decreased ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MDA and PC contents in these tissues together with GOT and GPT activities in plasma significantly decreased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1-7.6 g kg−1 diet, and thereafter increased ( P < 0.05). These results suggested that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in intestine and hepatopancreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on antioxidant status of fish in serum, intestine and trunk kidney, 1050 juvenile Jian carp (11.7 ± 0.1 g) were used for the experiment. The carp were divided into seven groups and fed diets containing graded levels of PN (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg kg of diet) for 80 days. Results of the study showed that content of malondialdehyde in serum, intestine and kidney tissues was the highest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg PN kg diet ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein carbonyl content of intestine and kidney tissue showed a downward trend to a point ( P < 0.05). Conversely, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione (GSH) content in serum, intestine and kidney tissue were generally higher in PN-supplemented diets than unsupplemented diet ( P < 0.05). The present results indicated that the PN decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in fish, and partly because of its improved antioxidant enzymes activities and levels of GSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]