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In the aquaculture industry, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have great significance, mainly for confronting diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the antibacterial efficiency of SiNPs as a versatile trial against Aeromonas veronii infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Further, we investigated the influence of SiNPs in palliating the immune-antioxidant stress biochemical, ethological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii. The experiment was conducted for 10 days, and about 120 fish were distributed into four groups at random, with 30 fish each. The first group is a control that was neither exposed to infection nor SiNPs. The second group (SiNPs) was vulnerable to SiNPs at a concentration of 20 mg/L in water. The third group was experimentally infected with A. veronii at a concentration of 1.5 × 10 7 CFU/mL. The fourth group (A. veronii + SiNPs) was exposed to SiNPs and infected with A. veronii. Results outlined that A. veronii infection induced behavioral alterations and suppression of immune-antioxidant responses that appeared as a clear decline in protein profile indices, complement 3, lysozyme activity, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. The kidney and liver function biomarkers (creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) were substantially increased in the A. veronii group, with marked histopathological changes and immunohistochemical alterations in these tissues. Interestingly, the exposure to SiNPs resulted in a clear improvement in all measured biomarkers and a noticeable regeneration of the histopathological changes. Overall, it will establish that SiNPs are a new, successful tool for opposing immunological, antioxidant, physiological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii infection., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective: In the present study, Solenostemma argel effervescent tablets were prepared from Argel methanolic extract., Methods: The tablets were examined for their ability to impede carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced lipid peroxidation in mice liver. The antioxidant activities of the enzymes; super-oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GS-PX) along with malondialdehyde level were tested in liver tissues., Results: The obtained results indicated that the antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably reduced while the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), which shows lipid peroxidation, and the activity of alanine aminotransferase (a liver function test) were remarkably intensified following intra-peritoneal i.p injection with the single sub-lethal hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 compared to the control. A necrotic lesion in the liver of mice injected with CCl4 was observed by the histopathological examination. The damaging influence of CCl4 was improved by the retreatment with Argel or BHT, which could also be observed in the normal appearance of the liver tissue., Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that S. Argel and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) could be effective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, Argel might be applied as a hepatoprotective agent without any side effects., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

This paper describes an electroanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of vanillin (VAN) and caffeine (CAF) using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Selective determination of one compound in the presence of other one was also realized. Both compounds yielded a single irreversible oxidation peak using cyclic voltammetry. The nature of the electrode reaction was found to be diffusion controlled with contribution of adsorption. By using square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry after 60s accumulation under open-circuit voltage, method allowed simultaneous determination of VAN and CAF in phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, with detection limits of 0.234µgmL -1 (1.54×10 -6 M) and 0.071µgmL -1 (3.66×10 -7 M), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in the selective and simultaneous determination of VAN and CAF in commercial food and beverage samples. In addition, for the comparison, high-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode-array detection was developed for the first time for their simultaneous determination., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)