66 results on '"Physiology"'
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2. Effect of replacing inorganic minerals with small peptide chelated minerals on production performance, some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in broiler chickens
- Author
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Jing Kong, Ting Qiu, Xia Yan, Lili Wang, Zhiyong Chen, Gengsheng Xiao, Xin Feng, and Huihua Zhang
- Subjects
inorganic trace mineral ,small peptide chelate mineral ,growth performance ,antioxidant status ,tibia mineral content ,fecal mineral content ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Due to the low bio-availability of inorganic trace minerals, its application in poultry production has been causing many problems such as environment pollution and waste of resources. The current study was designed to evaluate if replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with small peptide chelate trace minerals (SPM) affects production performance, some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status, tibia mineral deposition, and fecal mineral content in 817 white-feathered broilers. A total of 432 broilers (21-day-old) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of 18 chicks each. The four groups included inorganic trace minerals group (addition of 1,000 mg/kg ITM; common practice by commercial poultry farms), three organic trace minerals groups with supplementation of 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg SPM, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and slaughter performance among the four groups (p > 0.05). Total cholesterol in the SPM group was significantly lower than those in the ITM groups (p < 0.01). Compared with the ITM group, the serum urea nitrogen in 150 and 300 mg/kg SPM groups decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Among all SPM treatments, 300 mg/kg SPM groups had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (p < 0.01). The activity of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) of liver in ITM group was the lowest among the four groups (p < 0.01). The catalase (CAT) activity of liver in the 150 mg/kg SPM group was significantly higher than the ITM group and 300 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.05). Compared to the ITM group, the iron content of the tibia was significantly increased in 300 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.05) and 500 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.01). Compared to the ITM group, dietary supplementation with SPM significantly reduced fecal content of zinc and manganese (p < 0.01). The 150 mg/kg SPM and 300 mg/kg SPM group had significantly reduced content of iron (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that replacing inorganic minerals with low doses of SPM (300 and 500 mg/kg) did not negatively affect growth and slaughter performance, as well as the antioxidant status of broiler chickens. In addition, SPM can also promote mineral content in the tibia and reduce mineral content in the feces.
- Published
- 2022
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3. Blueberry Polyphenol Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Rats by Modulating the Nrf2–Keap1 Signal Pathway
- Author
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Fangfang Zhao, Shen Yan, and Mengliang Tian
- Subjects
blueberry ,antioxidant status ,inflammation ,small intestine ,weaned rats ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Weaning causes the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species in the body, which could lead to oxidative stress. Polyphenols, for which blueberries are an important dietary source, are known for various health benefits including antioxidant properties. Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of blueberry polyphenol extracts (BPE) on intestinal antioxidant capacity and possible underlying mechanisms in weaned rats. Ninety-six rats were assigned to two groups and fed either a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with BPE (200 mg/kg). The results showed that BPE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and decreased (P < 0.05) interleukin-1 and interferon-γ contents in the jejunum and ileum. The abundances of mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal p70 S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 mRNA were elevated in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05) after BPE supplementation. Additionally, BPE supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) gene transcription and enhanced (P < 0.05) NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene transcription in the jejunum and ileum. According to our results, BPE-induced protective effects against oxidative stress appear through the promotion of the jejunal and ileal antioxidant defense system in weaned rats, which was associated with the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway.
- Published
- 2021
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4. Diet Supplemented With Synthetic Carotenoids: Effects on Growth Performance and Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)
- Author
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Eman A. Abd El-Gawad, Han-Ping Wang, and Hong Yao
- Subjects
digestive enzymes ,antioxidant status ,gene expression ,carotenoids ,yellow perch ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
The current study assessed the effect of dietary canthaxanthin and lycopene supplementation at different concentrations on growth performance and antioxidant status in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In this regard, fish with initial weight (32 ± 1.0 g) were divided into five groups in triplicate, and fed on carotenoid-free diet (control), canthaxanthin (CTX) (50 and 100 mg/kg diet), and lycopene (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated after 30 and 60 days post feeding. Tissue liver and intestine from six fish per treatment was collected for antioxidant and digestive enzymes analysis. The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) of lipid content in the group fed lycopene at a dietary level 400 mg/kg for 60 days, compared to the control. Moreover, dietary carotenoids exhibited no significant effect on growth performance; this was evidenced by no significant up-regulation of growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor 1b (igf-1b) genes after 30 and 60 days post feeding. Intestinal lipase and trypsin activities were significantly improved with dietary lycopene especially at a dose of (400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver was also significantly decreased with dietary lycopene (400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly decreased with dietary CTX, especially at dose (100 mg/kg diet) and lycopene at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg diet after 60 days feeding. Additionally, the immune-related gene interleukin-1 beta (il-1b) mRNA expression level revealed up-regulation in groups fed on CTX at different concentrations for 30 days, and fish fed lycopene at a concentration level 400 mg/kg diet for 60 days. The obtained results concluded that dietary supplementation of canthaxanthin and lycopene could enhance immune response and maintain antioxidants defense of fish. Therefore, it considered as a functional aquafeed ingredient for yellow perch.
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- 2019
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5. Effects of Acute Cold Stress After Long-Term Cold Stimulation on Antioxidant Status, Heat Shock Proteins, Inflammation and Immune Cytokines in Broiler Heart
- Author
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Haidong Wei, Runxiang Zhang, Yingying Su, Yanju Bi, Xiang Li, Xin Zhang, Jianhong Li, and Jun Bao
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broiler heart ,cold stimulation ,antioxidant status ,heat shock proteins ,inflammatory factors ,immune cytokines ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
To investigate the effects of acute cold stress (ACS) on chicken heart after cold stimulation, female broilers were raised in either normal (C) or gradually decreasing temperatures (CS I and CS II) for 34 days followed by a 24 h ACS at 7°C. Cardiac tissues were collected from the pre-ACS and ACS time points to analyze the histopathological changes, antioxidant status and the expression of heat shock proteins, inflammatory factors and immune-related cytokines. The CS II heart tissues showed shrunken cell membranes and nuclei, disordered or ruptured myocardial fibers, higher MDA content and upregulation in HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, NF-κB, COX-2, PTGEs, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-4 mRNAs, and in protein levels of HSP40, NF-κB and iNOS and reduction in CAT, GSH-px and SOD activity, as well as HSP90 and IFN-γ levels compared to the control tissues before ACS. In contrast, the HSPs were significantly increased, and the inflammatory and immune related factors were unaltered prior to the ACS in the CS I compared to the C group. Following ACS, MDA content was significantly increased and antioxidant activity was significantly decreased in the CS I and CS II groups compared to the C group. The levels of HSP27, HSP70, HSP90, inflammatory factors and IL-4 were significantly reduced and that of IFN-γ was significantly increased in CS I broiler hearts; the reverse trends were seen in CS II relative to CS I. Compared to the pre-ACS levels, that of HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, inflammatory factors and IL-4 were increased and IFN-γ was decreased in the C and CS II groups after ACS. Therefore, cold stimulation at drastically lower temperatures induced cardiac damage, which was further aggravated by ACS. In contrast, cold stimulation at only 3°C lower than normal temperature improved the adaptability of the broilers to ACS.
- Published
- 2018
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6. Effect of Dietary Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) Supplemented with Enzyme Blend on Egg Quality, Serum Biochemistry and Antioxidant Status in Laying Hens
- Author
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Hossein Janmohammadi, Babak Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad, Majid Oliyai, Sadegh Alijani, Ivan Fedorovich Gorlov, Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina, Aleksandr Anatolievich Mosolov, Lourdes Suarez Ramirez, Alireza Seidavi, Vito Laudadio, Vincenzo Tufarelli, and Marco Ragni
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amaranth ,Physiology ,enzyme blend ,Clinical Biochemistry ,egg quality ,Cell Biology ,laying hen ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,antioxidant status - Abstract
A feeding trial was performed to assess the effects of dietary raw amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) grain (RAG), with or without an enzyme blend, on the productive performance, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status in laying hens. The trial was conducted following a completely randomized design by factorial method, including five levels of RAG (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively) and two levels of enzyme blend (0 −E and 0.025 +E %). A total of 960 White Leghorn (Hy-line W-36) laying hens (56 weeks of age) were divided into 10 groups with eight repetitions, including 12 birds. The trial period was ten weeks. Results showed that RAG levels in feed (>10%) led to a significant decrease in blood total cholesterol (TC), but they also significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ˂ 0.05) as measured by feed intake (FI), hen daily production (HDP), egg weight (EW), and mass (EM), leading to overall worse productivity compared to the control group. On the contrary, the addition of the enzyme blend led to an improvement in the investigated production traits (p ˂ 0.05), with the exception of HDP. The enzyme blend was also capable of recovering productive performance when combined with low concentrations of RAG (10%) (p ˂ 0.05), and RAG × enzyme blend groups showed the lowest values of TC (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, the interaction effects for atherogenic index (LDL/HDL) indicated a significant and promising reduction in response to the addition of RAG both in the presence and absence of the enzyme blend (p ˂ 0.05), and this additive also significantly reduced levels of egg yolk cholesterol (p ˂ 0.05). In summary, the evidence gathered in this trial showed that dietary RAG had positive effects on egg quality characteristics, leading to the production of low-cholesterol eggs, and, at the same time, it may improve the health status of laying hens. Furthermore, the addition of an enzyme blend allowed feeding up to 10% RAG in the diet, leading to an optimal balance between animal productivity and the beneficial effects of RAG.
- Published
- 2023
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7. Comparison of the Retention Rates of Synthetic and Natural Astaxanthin in Feeds and Their Effects on Pigmentation, Growth, and Health in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Author
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Wei Zhao, Yu-Cai Guo, Ming-Yan Huai, Lily Li, Chi Man, Wolf Pelletier, Han-Lin Wei, Rong Yao, and Jin Niu
- Subjects
trout ,astaxanthin ,coloring ,antioxidant status ,immunity ,flesh quality ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
The coloring efficiency and physiological function of astaxanthin in fish vary with its regions. The aim of this study was to compare the retention rates of dietary astaxanthin from different sources and its effects on growth, pigmentation, and physiological function in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish were fed astaxanthin-supplemented diets (LP: 0.1% Lucantin® Pink CWD; CP: 0.1% Carophyll® Pink; EP: 0.1% Essention® Pink; PR: 1% Phaffia rhodozyma; HP: 1% Haematococcus pluvialis), or a diet without astaxanthin supplementation, for 56 days. Dietary astaxanthin enhanced pigmentation as well as the growth of the fish. The intestinal morphology of fish was improved, and the crude protein content of dorsal muscle significantly increased in fish fed with astaxanthin. Moreover, astaxanthin led to a decrease in total cholesterol levels and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in plasma. Fish fed on the CP diet also produced the highest level of umami amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid). Regarding antioxidant capacity, astaxanthin increased Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and antioxidant enzyme activity. Innate immune responses, including lysozyme and complement systems, were also stimulated by astaxanthin. Lucantin® Pink CWD had the highest stability in feed and achieved the best pigmentation, Essention® Pink performed best in growth promotion and Carophyll® Pink resulted in the best flesh quality. H. pluvialis was the astaxanthin source for achieving the best antioxidant properties and immunity of O. mykiss.
- Published
- 2022
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8. Systemic oxidative stress in Suffolk and Santa Ines sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus.
- Author
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Baptistiolli, Lillian, Narciso, Luis Gustavo, de Almeida, Breno Fernando Martins, Bosco, Anelise Maria, de Souza, Jucilene Conceição, Torrecilha, Rafaela Beatriz Pintor, Pereira, Priscila Préve, Figueiredo, Renata Nogueira, Garcia, José Fernando, Kaneto, Carlos Noriyuki, and Ciarlini, Paulo César
- Subjects
SUFFOLK sheep ,HAEMONCHUS contortus ,OXIDATIVE stress ,SHEEP diseases ,BILIRUBIN ,DISEASES ,GENETICS ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus are not well established. This study aimed to prove the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurring during infection by H. contortus varies according to breed, and that the parasite burden correlates with hypoalbuminaemia and anaemia. Thus, after deworming and confirming the absence of infection, two different sheep breeds, Suffolk (n = 15) and Santa Ines (n = 22), were orally inoculated with a single dose of 5,000 L3 of H. contortus. The egg counts per gram of faeces (EPG), packed cell volume (PCV) and concentrations of several plasma markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, albumin, uric acid, total bilirubin, total antioxidant capacity [TAC], total oxidant concentration [TOC] and the oxidative stress index [OSI]) were quantified before (control group) and during the experimental infection (28, 34 and 42 days post-inoculation). In both breeds, TOC increased at 28 days and TAC increased at 42 days. In Suffolk sheep, there was a positive correlation of EPG with oxidant components (28 days) and a negative correlation of EPG with PCV (42 days). In Santa Ines sheep, there was a positive correlation of EPG with bilirubin (r = 0.492; p = 0.020). H. contortus infection caused oxidative stress, which varied according to the breed. Parasite burden was not associated with hypoalbuminaemia, whereas there was a negative correlation with PCV. This research provides the first evidence that the antioxidant status contributes more to the resilience to H. contortus in Santa Ines sheep compared to Suffolk sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Effects of inorganic mercury exposure on histological structure, antioxidant status and immune response of immune organs in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco).
- Author
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Sun, Yaling, Li, Yingwen, Rao, Jiedan, Liu, Zhihao, and Chen, Qiliang
- Subjects
MERCURY poisoning ,CATFISHES ,IMMUNE response ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,GLUTATHIONE ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is well recognized as a highly toxic substance to fish. Nevertheless, little is known about the toxic effects of Hg on immune organs. In this study, we investigated histology, antioxidant status and immune response of the spleen and head kidney in yellow catfish following 6 weeks of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of inorganic Hg (2 and 10 μg l
–1 Hg2+ ). As expected, Hg accumulation and histological injury in both tissues were observed. Meanwhile, Hg2+ exposure induced oxidative stress, which increased antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities, glutathione content, anti‐hydroxyl radical capacity and the expression of genes associated with antioxidant (sod1, cat, gpx1, nrf2 and mt) and stress (hsp70) responses in dose‐ and tissue‐specific manners. In the spleen, the mRNA levels of immune‐related genes (il‐1β, il‐8, tnf‐α, il‐10, tgf‐β, lys and c3) were upregulated by Hg2+ exposure. However, in the head kidney, upregulation of tnf‐α, il‐10 and tgf‐β mRNAs and downregulation of il‐1β and lys expressions were observed, while transcriptions of il‐8 and c3 were remarkably upregulated only in the 2 μg l–1 group. Overall, our study indicated that Hg2+ exposure could result in Hg accumulation and thereby induced histological impairment, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in immune organs of yellow catfish, but some enzymes and/or genes involved in antioxidant and immune systems would be activated to resist Hg2+ ‐induced damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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10. Different essential oils in diets of broiler chickens: 2. Gut microbes and morphology, immune response, and some blood profile and antioxidant enzymes.
- Author
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Chowdhury, Subrata, Mandal, Guru Prasad, Patra, Amlan Kumar, Kumar, Pawan, Samanta, Indranil, Pradhan, Saktipada, and Samanta, Arup Kumar
- Subjects
- *
BROILER chickens , *GUT microbiome , *IMMUNE response , *BACILLUS licheniformis , *ESSENTIAL oils , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three essential oils with different main chemical structures, i.e., cinnamon bark oil (CNO), clove bud oil (CLO) and ajwain seed oil (AJO) as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) on intestinal health, immune response and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Four hundred one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five dietary groups comprising of eight replicates (n = 8) in each group. Each replicate contained ten chicks. Five dietary groups consisted of: 1) a basal diet (control; without any antibiotic and essential oils); 2) the basal diet + bacitracin methylene disalicylate added at a dose of 50 mg/kg diet (AGP); 3) the basal diet + CNO at 300 mg/kg diet (CNO); 4) the basal diet + CLO at 600 mg/kg diet (CLO); and 5) the basal diet + AJO at 400 mg/kg diet (AJO). Both AGP and CNO significantly increased the villi height in duodenum ( P = 0.004), jejunum ( P = 0.008) or ileuim ( P = 0.003) compared with the control. The counts of Escherichia coli in pre-caecal contents decreased ( P = 0.006) in the groups receiving AGP and CNO and the counts of Clostridium spp. decreased ( P = 0.029) in the AGP group compared with the control. Population of Lactobacilli spp. was not affected ( P = 0.39) by any diets. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus increased with CNO, CLO and AJO supplementation ( P < 0.001) compared with the control and AGP. The concentrations of cholesterol in serum reduced ( P = 0.030) in CNO, CLO and AJO groups compared with the control and AGP groups. Supplementation of CNO and CLO increased ( P = 0.001) the superoxide dismutase activity in serum compared with the AGP. In conclusion, supplementation of CNO could be more advantageous than the AGPs in diets due to its combined beneficial effects on immune response, gut health, antioxidant status and blood cholesterol in broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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11. Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in laying hens.
- Author
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Chen, Y., Chen, H., Li, W., Miao, J., Chen, N., Shao, X., and Cao, Y.
- Subjects
- *
HENS , *THERAPEUTIC use of eucalyptus , *EGG quality , *MEAT quality , *POLYPHENOLS , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256-day-old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH45 min ( p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate ( p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol-induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities ( GSH- PX, T- SOD, T- AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol-induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Effect of dietary polyphenol-rich grape seed on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and ileal microflora in broiler chicks.
- Author
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Abu Hafsa, S. H. and Ibrahim, S. A.
- Subjects
- *
BROILER chickens , *GRAPE seeds , *POLYPHENOLS , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *ALANINE aminotransferase , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of dietary supplementation with grape seed ( GS) on the performance, carcass traits, plasma biochemistry, antioxidant status and ileal microflora in broilers. Experiment diets included a control diet (without additive) and three levels of GS powder (10, 20 and 40 g/kg of diet). Each diet was fed to a total of 300 one-day-old Cobb-500 chicks for 42 days. The addition of 20 g/kg of GS to the basal diet increased final body weight and body weight gain, improved the feed conversion ratio and did not affect feed intake. Dietary 20 g GS significantly increased ( p < .05) the percentage of carcass yield %, dressing % and gizzard. However, the addition of 40 g/kg of GS significantly reduced the percentage of abdominal fat in the birds. Diets supplemented with GS showed the lowest content of ether extract compared with the control group ( p < .05). The physical characteristics of meat and the chemical composition of DM, CP and ash were not significantly influenced by treatments. In the GS groups, plasma protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations showed no significant change compared with the control group. Broilers fed a diet supplemented with GS had lower levels of plasma glucose, total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol compared with the control birds ( p < .05). The addition of 40 g of GS significantly ( p < .05) enhanced the activity of reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and GST, and correlated with significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels compared with the control group. The value of ileal pH was not significantly affected by the GS levels. Broilers fed diets supplemented with GS had lower ileal Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli populations but higher Lactobacillus spp. populations ( p < .05). No adverse effects on birds' health were detected due to the use of GS. Thus, GS could be recommended as an herbal supplement in the diet of broiler chickens to improve performance, reduce blood lipids, enhance antioxidant capacity and decrease detrimental bacteria in the ileum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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13. Proteomic analysis reveals that tomato interaction with plant growth promoting bacteria is highly determined by ethylene perception.
- Author
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Ibort, Pablo, Imai, Hiroyuki, Uemura, Matsuo, and Aroca, Ricardo
- Subjects
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PLANT growth-promoting rhizobacteria , *PLANT proteomics , *ETHYLENE , *TOMATOES , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *AGRICULTURAL intensification , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Feeding an increasing global population as well as reducing environmental impact of crops is the challenge for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) management could represent a suitable method but elucidation of their action mechanisms is essential for a proper and effective utilization. Furthermore, ethylene is involved in growth and response to environmental stimuli but little is known about the implication of ethylene perception in PGPB activity. The ethylene-insensitive tomato never ripe and its isogenic wild-type cv. Pearson lines inoculated with Bacillus megaterium or Enterobacter sp. C7 strains were grown until mature stage to analyze growth promotion, and bacterial inoculation effects on root proteomic profiles. Enterobacter C7 promoted growth in both plant genotypes, meanwhile Bacillus megaterium PGPB activity was only noticed in wt plants. Moreover, PGPB inoculation affected proteomic profile in a strain- and genotype-dependent manner modifying levels of stress-related and interaction proteins, and showing bacterial inoculation effects on antioxidant content and phosphorus acquisition capacity. Ethylene perception is essential for properly recognition of Bacillus megaterium and growth promotion mediated in part by increased levels of reduced glutathione. In contrast, Enterobacter C7 inoculation improves phosphorus nutrition keeping plants on growth independently of ethylene sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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14. Growth, blood health, antioxidant status and immune response in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco exposed to α-ethinylestradiol (EE2).
- Author
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Chen, Yushi, Li, Ming, Yuan, Lixia, Xie, Yuxin, Li, Bing, Xu, Wenbin, Meng, Fanxing, and Wang, Rixin
- Subjects
- *
CATFISHES , *FISH growth , *FISH immunology , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of estradiol , *BLOOD testing , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Triplicate groups of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were exposed to three levels of α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (0, 0.1 and 1 ng L −1 ) for 56 days. Fish survival rate (>93.33%) was not different among experimental groups. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish exposed to EE2 were higher than those of control fish. Hepatosomatic index of fish exposed to 1 ng L −1 EE2 was the highest. Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and triglyceride increased with increasing EE2 exposure levels. Liver total anti-oxidative capacity, malondialdehyde content and lysozyme activity of fish exposed to EE2 were higher than those of control fish. Phagocytic indices of fish exposed to 1 ng L −1 EE2 was lower than that of control fish. This study indicates that although EE2 exposure can promote the growth of yellow catfish in short-term, EE2 exerts its toxic effects by inducing reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde accumulation, leading to blood deterioration and interfering with immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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15. The Association of Oxidative and Antioxidant Potential with Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in the Group of 60- to 65-Year-Old Seniors from Central Poland
- Author
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Bartłomiej K. Sołtysik, Kamil Karolczak, Cezary Watała, and Tomasz Kostka
- Subjects
Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,oxidative stress ,antioxidant status ,cardiovascular risk ,elderly ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is caused by, inter alia, oxidative stress. On the other hand, cardiovascular risk factors may cause redox imbalance. The pathological pathways between those components are to be determined. In the group comprised of 300 sex-matched subjects, we evaluated a number of cardiovascular risk factors: blood pressure, body mass, lipids, glucose, homocysteine, uric acid, von Willebrand factor (vWF), VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. The presence of cardiovascular diseases and drugs for their treatment were examined. Secondly, we assessed total antioxidative status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS) and other markers of oxidative stress. TAS was inversely related to LDL cholesterol. TOS was positively associated with BMI and female sex, but negatively associated with the use of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Plasma lipid peroxides concentration was positively related to ICAM-1 and presence of stroke, whereas platelet lipid peroxides were positively associated with vWF. Platelets proteins thiol groups were in a positive relationship with vWF, but in a negative relationship with uric acid and diagnosed lipid disorders. Both free thiol and amino groups were positively associated with plasma glucose. Platelets free amino groups were related to platelets count. Superoxide generation by blood platelets (both with and without homocysteine) was positively connected to glucose level. Among women, oxidative markers appear to be more related to glucose level, whereas among men they are related to body mass indices. TAS, TOS and oxidative markers are largely related to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass, and intake of drugs such as angiotensin II receptor blockers. Plasma and platelet oxidation markers appear to be especially associated with glucose concentration. The presented analyses unanimously indicate strong connections between cardiovascular risk factors and redox potential and specify how cardiometabolic interventions may counter-balance oxidative stress.
- Published
- 2022
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16. Ginseng, Tribulus Extracts and Pollen Grains Supplementation Improves Sexual State, Testes Redox Status, and Testicular Histology in Nile Tilapia Males
- Author
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Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi, Eglal Ali Omar, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Tarek Mohamed Srour, and Mokhtar Ibrahim Yousef
- Subjects
Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,antioxidant status ,sexual performance ,Nile tilapia ,Tribulus terrestris ,ginseng ,date palm pollen ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of three natural antioxidants on sex hormone levels, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, and histological changes in the testes of male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 210 male Nile tilapia were distributed into seven treatments (three replicates for each) with an initial weight of 3.67 g fish−1. The fish were fed experimental diets (32% crude protein) without supplementation as control or supplemented with ginseng extract (GE; 0.2 and 0.4 g GE kg−1 diet), Tribulus terrestris extract (TT; 0.6 and 1.2 g TT kg−1 diet), and date palm pollen grains (DPPG; 3 and 6 g DPPG kg−1 diet) for 84 days. The results revealed a significant increase in the luteinizing hormone level with TT, DPPG, and GE supplementation increased the levels by 22.9%, 18.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. The testosterone level also increased significantly with TT1.2, GE0.4, TT0.6, and DPPG6 by 86.23%, 64.49%, 57.40%, and 24.62%, respectively. The antioxidant status in the testis homogenate showed a significant decrease in the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances when using different dietary substances. In addition, glutathione reduced contents, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly increased with different dietary supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. The histological evaluation revealed normal histological features of the testes in all treatments with increasing active seminiferous tubules (%) in GE, TT, and DPPG supplemented groups, especially with the highest levels. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of GE, TT, and DPPG enhanced sex hormones level, redox status, and testis structure and could improve the male reproductive performance of Nile tilapia.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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17. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Status of Cookies Supplemented with Apple Pomace
- Author
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Marek Kruczek, Dorota Gumul, Anna Korus, Krzysztof Buksa, and Rafał Ziobro
- Subjects
Physiology ,physical features ,Clinical Biochemistry ,apple pomace ,Cell Biology ,gluten-free cookies ,antioxidant status ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,phenolic profile - Abstract
The post-production leftovers after the pressing of apple juice are a rich source of health-promoting compounds, which could be used in the food industry for the manufacture of dietary foods, applicable also for people with celiac disease. This raw material is currently little used, and the cost of its disposal is considerable. Therefore, an attempt was made to enrich gluten-free cookies with different proportions of apple pomace. The content of individual polyphenols determined by the UPLC-PDA-MS/MS method, basic chemical composition, physical properties of cookies with 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% apple pomace, were evaluated. It was found that apple pomace in gluten-free cookies caused an increase in the content of phenolic acids, quercetin derivatives, flavan-3-ols and dihydrochalcones. An elevation in protein, fat, and minerals was also observed. The growing share of apple pomace caused a significant increase in the content of total fiber, soluble, and insoluble fractions, but resulted in an increase in the hardness and darkening of the cookies while reducing their volume.
- Published
- 2023
18. Dietary Protected Sodium Butyrate and/or Olive Leaf and Grape-Based By-Product Supplementation Modifies Productive Performance, Antioxidant Status and Meat Quality in Broilers
- Author
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Almudena de-Cara, Beatriz Saldaña, Patricia Vázquez, and Ana I Rey
- Subjects
antioxidant status ,meat quality ,performance ,phytobiotics ,protected sodium butyrate ,Physiology ,Tecnología de los alimentos ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
To meet the demand for chicken meat production, new additives that promote growth and health without adverse effects on meat quality are being investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of protected sodium butyrate (PSB) (0 vs. 2 g/kg), an olive leaf and grape-based by-product (OLG-mix), or a combined supplementation of PSB and OLG-mix on productive performance, antioxidant status, carcass, and meat quality in broilers. PSB improved performance parameters with greater effect in the initial phase. Both, PSB and OLG-mix increased the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD); however, PSB supplementation was more effective to delay the lipid oxidation of meat from the initial day of storage. OLG-mix produced meat with greater color intensity, b* value and lesser drip losses than PSB. The combination of PSB + OLG-mix did not produce more marked effects that the individual administration; except to control the oxidation of meat. Linear and positive correlations between antioxidant enzymes and weight gain were observed. Significant linear and negative relationships were quantified between plasma SOD and meat lipid oxidation according to dietary treatment. Therefore, the present study would be a first approximation to the possibilities for predicting growth range and meat quality through the evaluation of the blood oxidative status.
- Published
- 2023
19. The Influence of hyaluronic acid adjunctive therapy of periodontitis on salivary markers of oxidative stress : randomized, controlled clinical trial
- Author
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Marin Tota, Jelena Prpić, Iwona Olszewska-Czyż, and Kristina Kralik
- Subjects
antioxidant status ,oxidative stress ,periodontitis ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Dentalna medicina ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,RM1-950 ,Cell Biology ,Biochemistry ,Article ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Dental Medicine ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral disease affecting the tooth-supporting tissues. Bacteria have been long viewed as the main causative factor in its development; however, many investigations have proved that aberrant immune and inflammatory response and the resulting misbalance between the damage caused by reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant capacity of tissues may be an underlying factor in disease progression that reduces healing potential. The objective of the current trial is to assess the outcomes of the addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) to standard non-surgical periodontal therapy (NST) on some major oxidative stress markers in saliva. HA-based gel designed for dental application was used and the measurements were taken after 3 months. HA adjunctive therapy had a significantly greater increase in markers with antioxidant properties as well as total antioxidant capacity compared to standard NST alone. Furthermore, clinically measured levels of gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing-BOP) and periodontal destruction (clinical attachment loss-CAL) were significantly correlated with these markers, and the correlation was negative. This investigation demonstrates that HA may indeed express antioxidant properties and improve the antioxidant capacity of periodontal tissues, thus improving the prognosis for the teeth and the results of periodontal therapy. Further investigations will be necessary to determine the duration of these effects over time.
- Published
- 2022
20. Selenium and vitamin E in sow diets: II. Effect on selenium status and antioxidant status of the progeny.
- Author
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Chen, J., Han, J.H., Guan, W.T., Chen, F., Wang, C.X., Zhang, Y.Z., Lv, Y.T., and Lin, G.
- Subjects
- *
OXIDANT status , *SELENIUM in animal nutrition , *VITAMIN E in animal nutrition , *SOWS , *ANIMAL weaning , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 2 selenium ( Se ) sources and 2 vitamin E ( VE ) levels in gestating and lactating diets of sows on Se status and antioxidant status of their progenies at farrowing and 21-d postpartum. The study was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of Se sources (0.30 mg/kg diet of sodium selenite or Se-enriched yeast) and VE levels (30 or 90 IU/kg diet). A total of 234 multiparous sows were bred and started on 1 of 4 dietary treatment according to parity and body condition, and then maintained on feed until 21-d postpartum. At farrowing and at weaning, 8 piglets per treatment (1 piglet/litter) were selected on similar body weight and sampled to ensure 6 piglet samples per treatment. The Se content was determined in serum, whole blood, umbilical cord blood and tissues, whereas antioxidant status of liver and serum were determined by analyzing the total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ), activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ), and glutathione ( GSH ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) contents. The newly-born piglets from sows fed organic Se had higher Se contents in kidney ( P < 0.05) and loin ( P < 0.10), higher serum T-AOC ( P < 0.05) and SOD activity ( P < 0.05), lower serum MDA content ( P < 0.05), and higher hepatic T-AOC ( P < 0.05), and GSH content ( P < 0.05) than newborns from sows fed inorganic Se. The 21-d-old nursery piglets from sows fed organic Se have higher Se contents in heart ( P < 0.10), pancreas ( P < 0.05), thymus gland ( P < 0.05), thyroid and loin ( P < 0.05), higher serum GSH content ( P < 0.05), lower serum MDA content ( P < 0.05), and higher hepatic T-AOC ( P < 0.05) and GSH content ( P < 0.05), and greater SOD activity ( P < 0.10), than 21-d-old piglets from sows fed inorganic Se. No source × VE level interaction was evident for Se status and antioxidant status of the progeny ( P > 0.05) expect for hepatic Se content of newborns and serum Se content of 21-d-old piglets ( P < 0.05). The α-tocopherol level in serum of newborn and weaning piglets increased when sows fed elevated VE diet ( P < 0.05). In summary, Se status and antioxidant status of the progeny including newborns and 21-d-old nursery piglets were improved when Se was added as organic Se instead of inorganic Se in sow diet. However, the Se status and antioxidant status of the progeny were scarcely unaffected by maternal dietary Se source × VE level interaction. When sows were fed the treatment diets from breeding until weaning, sows fed organic Se had more weaned piglets with similar individual pig weight at weaning compared with sows fed inorganic Se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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21. Oxidant/Antioxidant Status Is Impaired in Sepsis and Is Related to Anti-Apoptotic, Inflammatory, and Innate Immunity Alterations
- Author
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Marianna Miliaraki, Panagiotis Briassoulis, Stavroula Ilia, Kalliopi Michalakakou, Theodoros Karakonstantakis, Aikaterini Polonifi, Kalliopi Bastaki, Efrossini Briassouli, Konstantinos Vardas, Aikaterini Pistiki, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Theonymfi Tavladaki, Anna-Maria Spanaki, Eumorfia Kondili, Helen Dimitriou, Maria Venihaki, Sotirios Tsiodras, Dimitrios Georgopoulos, Marina Mantzourani, Serafeim Nanas, Apostolos Armaganidis, George L. Daikos, Ioannis Papassotiriou, and George Briassoulis
- Subjects
oxidative stress ,antioxidant status ,apoptosis ,interleukins ,heat shock proteins ,TOS ,TAC ,innate immunity ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered pivotal in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Oxidants modulate heat shock proteins (Hsp), interleukins (IL), and cell death pathways, including apoptosis. This multicenter prospective observational study was designed to ascertain whether an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is an independent sepsis discriminator and mortality predictor in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis (n = 145), compared to non-infectious critically ill patients (n = 112) and healthy individuals (n = 89). Serum total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by photometric testing. IL-6, -8, -10, -27, Hsp72/90 (ELISA), and selected antioxidant biomolecules (Ζn, glutathione) were correlated with apoptotic mediators (caspase-3, capsase-9) and the central anti-apoptotic survivin protein (ELISA, real-time PCR). A wide scattering of TOS, TAC, and TOS/TAC in all three groups was demonstrated. Septic patients had an elevated TOS/TAC, compared to non-infectious critically ill patients and healthy individuals (p = 0.001). TOS/TAC was associated with severity scores, procalcitonin, IL-6, -10, -27, IFN-γ, Hsp72, Hsp90, survivin protein, and survivin isoforms -2B, -ΔΕx3, -WT (p < 0.001). In a propensity probability (age-sex-adjusted) logistic regression model, only sepsis was independently associated with TOS/TAC (Exp(B) 25.4, p < 0.001). The AUCTOS/TAC (0.96 (95% CI = 0.93–0.99)) was higher than AUCTAC (z = 20, p < 0.001) or AUCTOS (z = 3.1, p = 0.002) in distinguishing sepsis. TOS/TAC, TOS, survivin isoforms -WT and -2B, Hsp90, IL-6, survivin protein, and repressed TAC were strong predictors of mortality (p < 0.01). Oxidant/antioxidant status is impaired in septic compared to critically ill patients with trauma or surgery and is related to anti-apoptotic, inflammatory, and innate immunity alterations. The unpredicted TOS/TAC imbalance might be related to undefined phenotypes in patients and healthy individuals.
- Published
- 2021
22. Soluble Transferrin Receptor, Antioxidant Status and Cardiometabolic Risk in Apparently Healthy Individuals
- Author
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Milton Fabian Suárez-Ortegón, Alejandra Arbeláez, José María Moreno-Navarrete, José Guillermo Ortega-Ávila, Mildrey Mosquera, and José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Subjects
Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,transferrin receptor ,cardiometabolic risk ,antioxidant status ,iron ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Body iron excess appears to be related to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk and increased oxidative stress might be involved in this relationship. Very few studies have described the association between soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels and cardiometabolic risk in the general population or antioxidant status. There were 239 subjects (20–65 years old) included in this cross-sectional study. Linear regressions adjusting for BMI, menopausal status, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), physical inactivity, alcohol intake and subclinical/chronic inflammation were used to describe the association between sTfR, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and measures of cardio-metabolic risk. sTfR levels were positively associated with TAC in men (βeta [95% confidence interval ]: 0.31 [0.14 to 0.48]) and women (βeta = 0.24 [0.07 to 0.40]) in non-adjusted and adjusted models (p < 0.05). In men, sTfR levels were inversely associated with waist circumference (βeta [95% confidence interval]: −1.12 [−2.30 to −0.22]) and fasting glucose (−2.7 (−4.82 to −0.57), and positively with LDL cholesterol (12.41 (6.08 to 18.57) before and after adjustments for confounding variables. LDL cholesterol had a significant and positive association with TAC in non-adjusted and adjusted models in men (p < 0.05). sTfR levels are significantly associated with antioxidant status and a few specific cardio-metabolic risk variables, independently of covariates that included serum ferritin and hepcidin. This might imply that iron biomarkers in regard to cardiometabolic risk reflect physiological contexts other than iron metabolism.
- Published
- 2022
23. Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Rosemary Extract Supplementation on Milk Production and Rumen Fermentation in High-Producing Dairy Cows
- Author
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Fanlin Kong, Shuo Wang, Dongwen Dai, Zhijun Cao, Yajing Wang, Shengli Li, and Wei Wang
- Subjects
Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,high-producing ,dairy cow ,rosemary extract ,milk production ,rumen microbiota ,antioxidant status ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Rosemary extract (RE) has been used as an antioxidant in cosmetics and food additives, indicating its potential as a feed additive to improve adaptation in high-producing dairy cows. Here, we investigated the effects of RE supplementation on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in high-producing dairy cows. Thirty multiparous cows were blocked into 15 groups based on milk production and were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 0 or 28 g/d of RE supplementation to the basic diet per cow. The experiment was conducted over a 74-day period, which included an initial two-week adaptation period. We observed significant increases in milk and milk lactose yields following RE supplementation. Somatic cell count tended to decrease by treatment. Additionally, superoxide dismutase concentration significantly increased and malonaldehyde level decreased after RE supplementation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that RE supplementation significantly affected the microbial composition and decreased the richness of the microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of the genus Prevotella was significantly decreased by RE supplementation and was correlated with volatile fatty acids in the Mantel test, whereas no significant correlation was found for other genera. Our findings provide fundamental information on the potential for RE as a feed additive for dairy cows to improve antioxidant status and enhance propionate generation.
- Published
- 2022
24. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and garlic (Allium sativum) in high-fat fed rats.
- Author
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Mukthamba, Puttaswamy and Srinivasan, Krishnapura
- Subjects
ANTILIPEMIC agents ,FENUGREEK ,DIETARY supplements ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Hypolipidemic and antioxidant influences of dietary fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) seeds (10%) and garlic ( Allium sativum ) (2% powder), individually and in combination for 8 weeks were evaluated in high-fat diet (HFD) fed Wistar rats. Increased serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol caused by HFD was countered by these dietary interventions, while HDL-cholesterol was increased. Increase in cholesterol: phospholipid ratio and atherogenicity index caused by HFD was lowered by dietary fenugreek+garlic. Dietary fenugreek or fenugreek+garlic countered the increase in triglycerides and cholesterol: phospholipid ratio in the heart tissue of HFD-fed rats. The increase in liver triglycerides and cholesterol as a result of HFD was countered by dietary fenugreek+garlic. All the 3 dietary interventions lowered dietary fat absorption in HFD-fed situation. The elevated lipid peroxides in serum, cardiac, and liver tissue of HFD-fed rats was countered by dietary fenugreek+garlic. This was accompanied by increased glutathione concentration in serum and liver and of ascorbic acid in heart and liver. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were enhanced by dietary fenugreek+garlic in serum and heart in HFD-fed situation. Thus, dietary fenugreek+garlic produced higher lipid lowering effect and improved the antioxidant status in high-fat fed rats which suggest that these nutraceuticals may have higher cardio protective influence when consumed together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. 14. Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Profile and Oxidative Status in Growing Rabbits.
- Author
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Alagawany, Mahmoud, Ashour, Elwy Ali, and Reda, Fayez Mohamed
- Subjects
- *
DIETARY supplements , *OXIDATIVE stress , *GARLIC , *RABBIT physiology , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with garlic and turmeric powder as growth promoter agents on performance, carcass traits, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant enzyme activities of growing rabbits. A total of 112 New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) at 5 weeks of age were randomly assigned to seven treatments with four replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of 7 groups as follows; the basal diet as control, phytogenic additives groups were supplemented with 2, 4, and 6 g/kg garlic or turmeric powder added to the basal diet. There were no linear and quadratic differences (P<0.05) in growth performance after garlic or turmeric supplementation at all studied ages. Compared with the control group, supplementation of diets with garlic or turmeric linearly and quadratically elevated immunity biomarkers such as total protein (TP), albumin (AL) and immunoglobulin (IgG) levels and decreased (linearly and quadratically, P<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT ), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in rabbit serum. However, TP, AL, globulin (GL), IgG and IgM levels were linearly and quadratically enhanced with increasing turmeric levels versus the control diet. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT ) and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px activities as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) improved in garlic or turmeric additives fed groups. While MDA concentration was statistically (linearly, P= 0.022) reduced in comparison with the control group. It could be concluded that garlic or turmeric supplementation (2, 4 and 6 g/kg) did not linearly and quadratically affect growth performance but improved the immunity responses and lowered the lipid profile in blood and lipid peroxidation in liver and increased hepatic antioxidant activity in treated rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Status and Alleviates Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis in the Intestine of Piglets after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge
- Author
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Guangmang Liu, Jingyuan Tao, Jiajia Lu, Gang Jia, Hua Zhao, Xiaoling Chen, Gang Tian, Jingyi Cai, Ruinan Zhang, and Jing Wang
- Subjects
Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,tryptophan ,antioxidant status ,endoplasmic reticulum stress ,apoptosis ,pyroptosis ,pig ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Tryptophan can alleviate stress and improve intestinal health, but the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine the effects of tryptophan supplementation on antioxidant status, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets after Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty-two weaning piglets were allotted to four treatments including: non-challenged control, LPS-challenged control, LPS + 0.2% tryptophan and LPS + 0.4% tryptophan. On day 35 of feeding, piglets were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg of body weight LPS or saline. Among the LPS-challenged pigs, tryptophan supplementation improved intestinal morphology as indicated by greater villus height, villus area and smaller crypt depth, and antioxidant status, and decreased the mRNA expression and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, tryptophan downregulated the expression of ER stress (ER oxidoreductase-1α, ER oxidoreductase-1β, glucose-regulated protein-78, activating transcription factor 6, C/EBP homologous protein), apoptosis (B-cell lymphoma-2, BCL2-associated X protein, caspase 3), and pyroptosis signaling pathway (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3, caspase 1, gasdermin-D, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD). Collectively, tryptophan supplementation can contribute to gut health by improving antioxidant status and alleviating inflammation, ER stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in the intestine of piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge.
- Published
- 2022
27. Blueberry Polyphenol Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Rats by Modulating the Nrf2–Keap1 Signal Pathway
- Author
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Shen Yan, Mengliang Tian, and Fangfang Zhao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ileum ,medicine.disease_cause ,antioxidant status ,lcsh:Physiology ,Jejunum ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Original Research ,blueberry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,biology ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,weaned rats ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Small intestine ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Catalase ,inflammation ,biology.protein ,small intestine ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Weaning causes the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species in the body, which could lead to oxidative stress. Polyphenols, for which blueberries are an important dietary source, are known for various health benefits including antioxidant properties. Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of blueberry polyphenol extracts (BPE) on intestinal antioxidant capacity and possible underlying mechanisms in weaned rats. Ninety-six rats were assigned to two groups and fed either a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with BPE (200 mg/kg). The results showed that BPE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and decreased (P < 0.05) interleukin-1 and interferon-γ contents in the jejunum and ileum. The abundances of mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal p70 S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 mRNA were elevated in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05) after BPE supplementation. Additionally, BPE supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) gene transcription and enhanced (P < 0.05) NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene transcription in the jejunum and ileum. According to our results, BPE-induced protective effects against oxidative stress appear through the promotion of the jejunal and ileal antioxidant defense system in weaned rats, which was associated with the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway.
- Published
- 2021
28. Therapeutic effect of curcumin and C60 fullerene against hyperglycemia-mediated tissue damage in diabetic rat lungs
- Author
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Ersin Demir and Demir, Ersin
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Antioxidant ,Curcumin ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Apoptosis ,Injury ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Mesenchymal Stem-Cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Rats, Wistar ,Lung ,Molecular Structure ,Improves ,Chemistry ,Antioxidant Status ,Diabetes ,Cell Biology ,Glutathione ,Alpha-Tocopherol ,Streptozotocin ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Lipotoxicity ,Liver ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hyperglycemia ,Pristine C60 fulleren ,Fatty-Acid ,Fullerenes ,C-60 ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that diabetes also targets lung tissues resulting in structural and physiological abnormalities. The present study evaluated the impact of pristine C60 fullerene (C60) against diabetes-induced lung damage for the first time. The objective was to evaluate the impacts of Curcumin (Cur), C60 and C60 fullerene+Curcumin (C60 + Cur) combination on oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, CAT, GST, Retinol, alpha-tocopherol), apoptosis (Caspase-3, Bcl-2), cholesterol and fatty acid profile (16:0,18:0,18:1,18:2, 22:4, 22:6) against changes in the lung tissue of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used for inducing diabetes with Cur, C60 and C60 + Cur combination administered for eight weeks to treat diabetic and control rats. Increased oxidative stress, apoptosis and significant changes in cell structure were observed in the lung tissues of diabetic rats. The combination of Cur, C60 and C60 + Cur reduced oxidative stress in the lung tissue of diabetic rats while increasing the antioxidant defense capacity of the tissue, exhibiting tissue protective properties against apoptosis. The diabetic rats displayed favorable properties against lipotoxicity-induced tissue damage due to the increase in the fatty acid and cholesterol levels in lung tissue. It was observed that Cur, C60 and C60 + Cur combination displays protective effects against hyperglycemia induced oxidative damage to lung tissue. Oxidative stress, prevention of lipid and cholesterol accumulation, and weakening of lung apoptosis may be associated with these effects. Scientific Research Projects Unit of DuzceUniversity [BAP-2017.11.05.657] Part of this work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of DuzceUniversity (Grant number: BAP-2017.11.05.657). WOS:000605884900001 2-s2.0-85099079897 PubMed: 33411205
- Published
- 2021
29. The Total Antioxidant Status, Serum Selenium Concentrations and the Ultrasound Assessment Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Arterial Hypertension
- Author
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Helena Martynowicz, Paweł Gać, Rafał Poręba, Lidia Januszewska, Małgorzata Poręba, Grzegorz Mazur, and Adam Prokopowicz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,arterial hypertension ,Antioxidant ,Physiology ,Carotid arteries ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biochemistry ,Serum selenium ,Gastroenterology ,antioxidant status ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,carotid arteries ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,intima media thickness ,selenium ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Cell Biology ,Antioxidant capacity ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Intima-media thickness ,chemistry ,business ,Selenium - Abstract
The objective of the study was to establish the correlation between serum selenium concentrations, total antioxidant status, and the carotid intima media thickness in ultrasound assessment in patients with arterial hypertension. A group of 76 people suffering from arterial hypertension was qualified to participate in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 53.48 ±, 12.78. Serum selenium concentrations (Se-S) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in all respondents. Se-S were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HGAAS). The antioxidant status was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, an ultrasound exam of the carotid arteries was performed, and the intima media thickness (cIMT) was measured. In the study group, Se-S and TAS were 89.73 ±, 18.99 µ, g/L and 1.18 ±, 0.35 mM. However, the cIMT measured using ultrasound was 0.68 ±, 0.15 mm. cIMT was significantly greater in patients with arterial hypertension with Se-S <, median in comparison to patients with arterial hypertension with Se-S &ge, median (0.73 ±, 0.19 mm vs. 0.65 ±, 0.10 mm, p <, 0.05), as well as in patients with arterial hypertension with TAS <, median than in patients with arterial hypertension with TAS &ge, median (0.79 ±, 0.18 mm vs. 0.56 ±, 0.13 mm, p <, 0.05). In regression analysis, older age, higher BMI, smoking, and lower serum selenium concentrations were independently correlated with the greater cIMT. Higher BMI and smoking were independent risk factors for the lower TAS, and the use of ACE inhibitors, &beta, blockers, and higher Se-S were independent factors of protection against the lower TAS. In patients with arterial hypertension, the lower total antioxidant status due to lower serum selenium concentrations may be correlated with an increase of the carotid intima media thickness measured using ultrasound.
- Published
- 2021
30. Effects of feed supplemented with fermented pine needles (Pinus ponderosa) on growth performance and antioxidant status in broilers.
- Author
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Wu, Q. J., Wang, Z. B., Wang, G. Y., Li, Y. X., and Qi, Y. X.
- Subjects
- *
BROILER chickens , *PINE needles , *FEED additives , *FERMENTATION of feeds , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *BIRD growth , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Aspergillus niger-fermented pine needles and nonfermented pine needles on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in broiler chicks. In total, 300 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, which were then denoted as the control treatment (basal diet); the nonfermented treatment (containing 0.3% and 0.6% nonfermented treatment, respectively, in the starter and grower phase); or the fermented 1, fermented 2, or fermented 3 treatments. The fermented 1, fermented 2, and fermented 3 treatments contained 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% fermented treatment, respectively, in the starter phase and 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0% fermented treatment, respectively, in the growth phase for 42 d. The results showed that fermentation treated supplementation had no adverse effect on the growth performance of broilers at 42 d of age. The activity of total nitric oxide synthase was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the fermented treatment compared with the control and nonfermented treatments in broilers at 21 d of age. Compared with the control, broilers had higher (P < 0.05) total superoxide dismutase activities and total antioxidant capacity when they were provided with either the fermented 2 or fermented 3 diet. The malondialdehyde content was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the fermented 2 and fermented 3 treatments compared with the control and nonfermented treatments. It was concluded that the addition of fermented treatment to the diet could improve antioxidant capacity in broilers, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde and the increase in total superoxide dismutase activities; however, the effect of fermentation treatment on growth performance was negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Impact of Wheat Bran on the Morphology and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Broiler Chickens
- Author
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Shad Mahfuz, Di Wu, Qinghui Shang, Hansuo Liu, and Xiangshu Piao
- Subjects
Physiology ,Ileum ,antioxidant status ,Article ,Jejunum ,digestive enzyme activities ,lcsh:Zoology ,morphology ,medicine ,Dry matter ,Amylase ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Gizzard ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Bran ,biology ,broilers ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,gastrointestinal development ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Digestive enzyme ,nutrient digestibility ,biology.protein ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that moderate amounts of insoluble dietary fiber can improve nutrient utilization by positively influencing the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran as a source of insoluble fiber on nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant status, gastrointestinal development, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 96 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were assigned to two treatments with six replicate cages per treatment and eight birds per replicate for 42 d. Dietary treatments consisted of the control group (CON, control diet) and wheat bran group (WB, 30 g/kg wheat bran). Inclusion of WB increased (p <, 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and crude protein on Day 42. Birds fed WB had lower (p <, 0.05) serum total cholesterol concentration on Day 21, and lower (p <, 0.05) serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and total triglyceride on Day 42. Inclusion of WB increased (p <, 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity on Day 21 and superoxide dismutase activity on Day 42, but tended (p = 0.07) to decrease serum malondialdehyde concentration on Day 21, and significantly decreased (p <, 0.05) serum malondialdehyde concentration on Day 42. Birds fed WB had a greater (p <, 0.05) relative weight of gizzard on both Day 21 and 42. Inclusion of WB increased (p <, 0.05) activities of amylase and trypsin in pancreas and jejunal mucosa on Day 21, and increased (p <, 0.05) amylase activity in pancreas and jejunal mucosa. Birds fed WB had greater (p <, 0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum on Day 42. In conclusion, supplementation of 30 g/kg WB enhanced nutrient digestibility by improving antioxidant status, gizzard development, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and morphology of broilers.
- Published
- 2020
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32. Impact of Dietary Phytogenic Composite Feed Additives on Immune Response, Antioxidant Status, Methane Production, Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves
- Author
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Krishan Kumar, Avijit Dey, Manoj Kumar Rose, and Satbir Singh Dahiya
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Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,plant bioactives ,eucalyptus leaves ,poplar leaves ,immune response ,antioxidant status ,nutrient utilization ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
The focus on the bioactive effects of plants concerns mainly ruminal microflora for the modulation of rumen fermentation with very little emphasis placed on their consequences on health parameters, including antioxidative and immune stimulating effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of supplementing phytogenic feed additives composed of a mixture of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and poplar (Populus deltoides) leaf-meal (EPLM) on immune response, antioxidant status, metabolic profile, enteric methane production, growth performance, and nutrient utilization in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. In vitro studies with graded doses of EPLM extract revealed a reduction in total gas and methane production with an increased proportion of propionate without affecting feed degradability. In the in vivo experimentation, eighteen female buffalo calves (10–14 months old, avg. body weight 131.68 ± 7.50 kg) were divided into three groups (CONT, EPLM-1, and EPLM-2) of six each in a completely randomized design. Treatment groups were supplemented with a blend (1:1) of dry grounded eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and poplar (Populus deltoids) leaves (50 g, EPLM-1; 150 g, EPLM-2). Feed intake and growth rate of buffalo calves fed on different feeding regimens did not differ (p > 0.05). Haemato-biochemical parameters reveal no variations (p > 0.05) among groups, irrespective of period of collection, except the concentration of blood urea, which was decreased (p < 0.05) in both treatment groups as compared to the control. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased (p < 0.05) in EPLM supplemented animals as compared to CONT. The extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was reduced (p < 0.05) with increased level of EPLM in the diet. The total thiol group (T-SH) was also increased with the supplementation of leaves in the diet. The mean absolute values for skin thickness following the intra-dermal injection of PHA-P were increased (p < 0.05) in all the supplemented animals relative to CONT. However, there was no significant difference among the calves fed graded levels of these feed additives in the diet. The Ab titer against Pasteurella multocida vaccine was higher (p < 0.05) on both day 45 and 90 in both treatments, irrespective of the level of additive supplemented. The enteric methane production was reduced in EPLM supplemented buffaloes; however, digestibility of all the nutrients remained comparable (p > 0.05) among the animals. It may be concluded that blends of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and poplar (Populus deltoides) leaf-meal (50 g/h/d) containing 3.19 g, 2.30 g, and 0.71 g of total phenolics, tannin phenolics, and condensed tannins, respectively, can be used as the phytogenic feed additive for improving antioxidant status and immunity of buffalo calves, and mitigating enteric methane production without affecting performance and nutrient utilization.
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- 2022
33. Effects of Phytosterol in Feed on Growth and Related Gene Expression in Muscles of Broiler Chickens.
- Author
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Naji, Taha A. A., Amadou, Issoufou, Rui-Ying Zhao, Xue Tang, Yong-Hui Shi, and Guo-Wei Le
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- *
PHYTOSTEROLS , *GENE expression , *MUSCLE cells , *BROILER chickens , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of antioxidants , *CELL proliferation , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of phytosterol in a feed on growth and gene expression of broiler chickens. Methods: Seven isonitrogenous diets with graded levels of polyhydroxy phytosterol(Castastesrone) (15, 20, and 25 g/kg diet) and hydroxyphytosterol (ß-sitosterol) (25, 50, and 75 g/kg diet) were used to feed broiler chickens for 45 d. Results: The dietary phytosterol significantly improved (p < 0.05) the body weight and feed intake of broiler chickens, especially with the 75 g/kg diet. In contrast, phytosterol supplementation was associated with significant (p < 0.05) hypotriglyceridemic effects with concurrent modifications of depressed antioxidant defence systems in the broiler chickens. Myogen, eIF4E, and S6k1 gene expression levels in tissues were significantly (p < 0.05) improved by dietary phytosterol mTOR gene expression levels in muscle tissues were increased significantly (p < 0.05), but myostatin (GDF-8) and ubiquitin levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that giving immediate phytosterol feeding regimen to chicks is a good feeding program for appropriate morphological development of the pectoralis major muscle and the expression of genes necessary for muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the data suggest that developmental decline in skeletal muscle protein synthesis, may be partly attributed to developmental regulation of the activation of growth factor and nutrient components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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34. Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) in Relation to Dietary NEAC, Nutrient Antioxidants and Inflammation-Related Biomarkers
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María José Sánchez, Mauro Serafini, Pilar Amiano, Cayetano Javier Carrión-García, Eduardo Guerra-Hernández, Belén García-Villanova, Esther Molina-Montes, [Carrión-García,CJ, Guerra-Hernández,EJ, García-Villanova,B] Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, Spain. [Carrión-García,CJ] Nutrition and Food Science Doctorate Program (RD 99/2011), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Serafini,M] Functional Food and Metabolic Prevention Lab, Faculty of BioSciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy. [Sánchez,MJ, Molina-Montes,E] Andalusian School of Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Univeristy Hospital of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Sánchez,MJ, Amiano,P, Molina-Montes,E] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP (Centro de Investigación Biomédica), Madrid, Spain. [Amiano,P] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain. [Molina-Montes,E] Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, and CIBER Oncology, Madrid, Spain., and This research was co-funded by the Health Research Found (FIS), Acción Estratégica en Salud (AES), of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant number PI12/00002, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
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0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,Oxygen radical absorbance capacity ,Physiology ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukins::Interleukin-6 [Medical Subject Headings] ,dietary antioxidants ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Total antioxidant capacity ,Inflammatory markers ,Antioxidantes ,Biochemistry ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,oxidative stress ,Food science ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukins::Interleukin-8 [Medical Subject Headings] ,Antioxidant status ,Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring::Benzopyrans::Vitamin E::Tocopherols [Medical Subject Headings] ,Estrés oxidativo ,Diseases::Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings] ,inflammatory markers ,Neoplasias ,Dietary antioxidants ,Dieta ,total antioxidant capacity ,Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring::Purines::Purinones::Xanthines::Uric Acid [Medical Subject Headings] ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Hydrocarbons, Aromatic::Benzene Derivatives::Phenols::Polyphenols [Medical Subject Headings] ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Cluster Analysis [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Pigments, Biological::Carotenoids::Retinoids::Vitamin A [Medical Subject Headings] ,antioxidant status ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oxidative stress ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Nutrientes ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Regression Analysis [Medical Subject Headings] ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Adiponectin ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Cell Biology ,Nutrients ,Ascorbic acid ,Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Sugar Acids::Ascorbic Acid [Medical Subject Headings] ,Technology and Food and Beverages::Food and Beverages::Food::Micronutrients [Medical Subject Headings] ,Diet ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Specialty Uses of Chemicals::Protective Agents::Antioxidants [Medical Subject Headings] ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Uric acid ,Resistin ,Trolox ,Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Inflammation [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Coenzymes [Medical Subject Headings] - Abstract
(1) Background: Little is known about the interlinkages between dietary and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (D-NEAC and P-NEAC, respectively) and the body&rsquo, s antioxidant and inflammation response. Our aim was to explore these associations in 210 participants from two Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) centers. (2) Methods: D-NEAC was estimated using published NEAC values in food. P-NEAC and total polyphenols (TP) were quantified by FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter), TEAC-ABTS (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity - Azino Bis Thiazoline Sulfonic), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and Folin&ndash, Ciocalteu assays. Nutrient antioxidants (carotenes, &alpha, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, uric acid, Q9 and Q10 coenzymes) and inflammation markers (IL-6, IL-8, CRP, TNF-&alpha, PAI-I, resistin and adiponectin) were also analyzed. Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses were performed in association analyses. Analyses were stratified by covariates and groups were defined using cluster analysis. (3) Results: P-FRAP was correlated with D-NEAC, and significantly associated with P-NEAC in multivariate adjusted models. P-FRAP levels were also significantly associated with plasma antioxidants (log2 scale: TP &beta, = 0.26, ascorbic acid &beta, = 0.03, retinol &beta, = 0.08, &alpha, tocopherol &beta, = 0.05, carotenes &beta, = 0.02, Q10 &beta, = 0.06, uric acid &beta, = 0.25), though not with inflammation-related biomarkers. Different profiles of individuals with varying levels of P-NEAC and biomarkers were found. (4) Conclusions: P-NEAC levels were to some extent associated with D-NEAC and plasma antioxidants, yet not associated with inflammation response.
- Published
- 2020
35. Dietary Strawberries Improve Biomarkers of Antioxidant Status and Endothelial Function in Adults with Cardiometabolic Risks in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
- Author
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R. H. Scofield, Kenneth Izuora, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Nancy M. Betts, and Arpita Basu
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,RM1-950 ,Superoxide dismutase activity ,Berry ,antioxidant status ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Health data ,Lipid peroxidation ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,adhesion molecules ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,superoxide dismutase ,Crossover study ,strawberries ,chemistry ,cardiometabolic ,biology.protein ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
Strawberries, a popularly consumed berry fruit, are rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant effects. In this study, we examined the effects of two dietary achievable doses of strawberries on the antioxidant status and biomarkers of endothelial function in adults with features of metabolic syndrome and a confirmed low baseline of fruit and vegetable intake. In a 14-week randomized controlled crossover study, participants were assigned to one of three groups for four weeks separated by a one-week washout period: control powder, one serving (low dose: 13 g strawberry powder/day), or 2.5 servings (high dose: 32 g strawberry powder/day). Blood samples and health data were collected at baseline and at the end of each four-week phase of intervention. Thirty-three participants completed all three phases of the trial. Significant increases were observed in serum antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity as well as decreases in lipid peroxidation after both low and high dose strawberry phases when compared with the control phase. Significant decreases were also observed in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α with the high dose strawberry phase. These data confirm that consuming strawberries for four weeks significantly improves antioxidant status, endothelial function, and inflammation in adults with cardiometabolic risks.
- Published
- 2021
36. Effects of dietary isoleucine on the immune response, antioxidant status and gene expression in the head kidney of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian).
- Author
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Zhao, Juan, Liu, Yang, Jiang, Jun, Wu, Pei, Jiang, Weidan, Li, Shuhong, Tang, Ling, Kuang, Shengyao, Feng, Lin, and Zhou, Xiaoqiu
- Subjects
- *
CARP , *ISOLEUCINE , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *FISH immunology , *FISH morphology , *GENE expression in fishes , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on the immune response, antioxidant status and gene expression in the head kidney of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Six semi-purified isonitrogenous diets (4.2, 7.0, 9.5, 11.9, 13.9 and 16.9 g Ile kg−1 diet) were fed to Jian carp (6.9 ± 0.03 g) for 60 days. The results showed that Ile supplementation improved the head kidney index, red and white blood cell counts, anti-hydroxyl radical capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase (P < 0.05), and decreased the malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and glutathione contents in the head kidney (P < 0.05). After a 60 day feeding trial, an Aeromonas hydrophila challenge study was conducted for 17 days. Differences in survival rate, leucocyte phagocytic activity, serum lysozyme activity, acid phosphatase activity, haemagglutination titre, complement components 3 and 4, immunoglobulin M level and A. hydrophila agglutination antibody titre followed the same trend as that of the head kidney index (P < 0.05). Furthermore, real time polymerase chain reaction revealed that relative mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β2 and target of rapamycin (TOR) in the head kidney significantly increased with increasing Ile levels (P < 0.05). Conversely, the relative mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 10 and eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP) in the head kidney showed a downward trend (P < 0.05). Collectively, this study indicates that dietary Ile improves the fish immune response, regulates the antioxidant status and cytokine, TOR and 4E-BP gene expression in the head kidney. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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37. Influence of maternal redox status on birth weight
- Author
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Osorio, Jesús Corría, Cruz, Elio, Milanés, María, Ramírez, Yaila, Sierra, Mercedes, Cruz, Margarita, and Sanfiel, Loida
- Subjects
- *
BIRTH weight , *OXIDATION , *PREGNANCY , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *GLUTATHIONE , *MALONDIALDEHYDE , *CAROTENOIDS , *VITAMINS , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *PHYSIOLOGICAL oxidation , *PREGNANT women , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the influence that maternal redox status, between 30 and 36 weeks of healthy human pregnancy, has on birth weight. Ferric reducing potential (FRP), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) activity and erythrocyte reduced glutathione (eGSH) concentration were measured as antioxidant indicators, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as a lipoperoxidation indicator. Consumption of dietary micronutrients with antioxidant capacity was recorded. We observed a direct correlation between birth weight and ecSOD activity and eGSH concentration. An interaction between eGSH with FRP and serum ecSOD activity also correlated directly with birth weight. Other correlating factors included maternal thiamine consumption and interactions between vitamins C and E and carotenoids and vitamin E intake. These findings support the notion that antioxidant status has a positive influence on birth weight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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38. Changes in selected immunological parameters and antioxidant status of rainbow trout exposed to malachite green (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)
- Author
-
Yonar, M. Enis and Yonar, Serpil Mişe
- Subjects
- *
RAINBOW trout , *MALACHITE green , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *OXIDATIVE stress , *BIOMARKERS , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *IMMUNOREGULATION , *BLOOD proteins , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, the effects of malachite green on selected immunological parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant status biomarkers in blood, liver, kidney, spleen and gill of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was examined. During 5days the malachite green was applied at concentrations of 1/15,000 and 1/150,000 for 30s and 60min, respectively. Immunological parameters (nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, total plasma protein (TP), total immunoglobulin (TI)) and biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation (MDA), catalase (CAT) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels) were evaluated after exposed to malachite green. It has been observed that NBT activity (p <0.05, p <0.001), total protein (p <0.01, p <0.001) and total immunoglobulin (p <0.05, p <0.001) levels were decreased compared with control group. In the rainbow tout exposed to malachite green duration 5days significantly increased lipid peroxidation, which might be associated to decreased levels of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in the whole tissues of O. mykiss (p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001 for each cases). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
39. Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens.
- Author
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Zhang, G. F., Yang, Z. B., Wang, Y., Yang, W. R., Jiang, S. Z., and Gai, G. S.
- Subjects
- *
GINGER , *BROILER chickens , *FEED utilization efficiency , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *SIZE reduction of materials , *THERAPEUTICS , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
A study using 144 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers was conducted to assess the effects of dried ginger root (Zingiber officinale) that was processed to particle sizes of 300, 149, 74, 37, and 8.4 μm on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. The birds were housed in 24 wire cages in an environmentally controlled room. Dietary treatments were no supplementation (control) and supplementation with ginger root processed to 5 particle sizes at the level of 5 g/kg of diet. Average daily gain, ADFI, and feed conversion rate of chicks of each cage were measured weekly. Blood samples from 8 broilers per treatment were obtained at d 21 and 42 of the experiment to determine antioxidant enzymatic activities and metabolites in the serum, and the birds were subsequently killed to determine carcass yield and abdominal fat content. All broilers had similar ADFI or feed conversion rate over the entire experimental period. However, broilers supplemented with ginger powder tended to have higher ADO and had greater (P = 0.014) carcass yield compared with that of the control. Supplementation of ginger increased (P < 0.001) activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase but reduced (P < 0.01) concentrations of malondialdehyde and cholesterol in serum of broilers at 21 and 42 d of age. Concentration of total protein in serum of ginger-supplemented broilers tended (P = 0.092) to be higher at 21 d and was higher (P 0.002) at 42 d of age compared with that of control broilers. Reducing particle size of ginger powder linearly reduced (P < 0.05) cholesterol (d 21) and linearly increased (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (d 21), total superoxide dismutase (d 42), and total protein (d 21 and 42). Supplementation of ginger at the level of 5 g/kg improved antioxidant status of broilers and the efficacy was enhanced as the particle size was reduced from 300 to 37 pm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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40. Thirteen days of "live high-train low" does not affect prooxidant/antioxidant balance in elite swimmers.
- Author
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Pialoux, Vincent, Mounier, Rémi, Brugniaux, Julien, Rock, Edmond, Mazur, Andrzej, Richalet, Jean-Paul, Robach, Paul, Coudert, Jean, Fellmann, Nicole, Mounier, Rémi, and Brugniaux, Julien V
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANTS , *ENDURANCE athletes , *SWIMMING associations , *LIPIDS , *PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation , *ALTITUDES , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *COMPARATIVE studies , *EXERCISE , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *PHYSICAL fitness , *RESEARCH , *SWIMMING , *EVALUATION research , *OXYGEN consumption , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
We investigated the impact of 13 days of "living high-training low" (LHTL) on the antioxidant/prooxidant balance in elite endurance swimmers. Eighteen elite swimmers from the French Swimming Federation were submitted to a 13-day endurance training and divided into two groups: one group trained at 1,200 m and lived in hypoxia (2,500-3,000 m simulated altitude) and the second group trained and lived at 1,200 m. The subjects performed an acute hypoxic test (10 min at 4,800 m) before and 1 day after the training period. Plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehydes (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid-soluble antioxidants were measured before and after the 4,800 m tests. After the training, MDA and AOPP responses to the 4,800 m test were lower than before training for both groups (+10 vs. +2%; P = 0.01 for MDA and +80 vs. +14%; P = 0.01 for AOPP). Thirteen days of LHTL did not modify antioxidant status (FRAP and lipid-soluble antioxidants) despite intakes in vitamins A and E below the recommended daily allowances. The LHTL did not affect the antioxidant status in elite swimmers; however, the normoxic endurance training induced preconditioning mechanisms in response to the 4,800 m test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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41. PECULIARITIES OF THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
- Author
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L. V. Natyaganova, L. R. Kolesnikova, M. Dolgikh, Oksana Gavrilova, and Elena Osipova
- Subjects
arterial hypertension ,Antioxidant ,business.industry ,Science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Retinol ,Physiology ,Disease ,Glutathione ,medicine.disease_cause ,antioxidant status ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood pressure ,chemistry ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,adolescents ,business ,Oxidative stress ,Pediatric population - Abstract
One of the most topical problems in the field of healthcare is to solve the issues of an early diagnosis, timely prevention and effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which include arterial hypertension (the AH]. Prevalence of EAH in the pediatric population in Russia amounts to 20 %. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of the disease were studied in detail, metabolic changes that led to its early deve^ment in teenagers were still not entirely clear. In the Clinic of FSBSI Scientific Center for Family Health Problems and Human Reproduction (Irkutsk], clinical and functional examination of 48 male adolescents aged 14-17 years, of which 25 patients with stable arterial hypertension and 23 adolescents without somatic pathology with normal blood pressure, was conducted. Antioxidant status was studied in blood plasma and hemolysate. A comparative analysis of the following indicators was conducted: total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase activity, level of retinol and α-tocopherol, glutathione system parameters. Patients with stable arterial hypertension were recorded with level of overall antioxidant activity in blood 29 % higher than the benchmark, decreased superoxide dismutase activity by 11 % and content of а-tocopherol by 44 %. Retinol concentration in teenagers with hypertension was two times higher than the content of this indicator in the control group (р = 0.00]. Decrease in the antioxidant levels was found in adolescents with arterial hypertension that can be the cause of the oxidative stress development.
- Published
- 2017
42. Antioxidant Status and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Case-Control Study
- Author
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Zamzam Paknahad and Vida Mohammad Parast
- Subjects
History ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Physiology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Logistic regression ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gestational diabetes ,Nutrition ,Antioxidant status ,Pregnancy ,Vitamin C ,business.industry ,Vitamin E ,Case-control study ,medicine.disease ,Computer Science Applications ,Antioxidant capacity ,Diet ,chemistry ,Original Article ,business ,Selenium - Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is described as glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. Increased oxidative stress has implicated in diabetic problems. The aim of the current study was to compare antioxidant capacity and antioxidant nutrient intake between women with GDM (n = 40) and healthy pregnant women (n = 40). Demographic and obstetrics data were completed using interview technique and dietary intakes by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 168 items. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum was assessed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to compare independent variables and other potential risk factors between 2 groups. The results showed that TAC concentration of serum in women with GDM was significantly lower than in healthy pregnant women (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 3.7 ± 0.1 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Intakes of vitamin E (11.8 + 3.1 vs. 16.2 + 3.1 mg, p < 0.001), selenium (81 ± 26 vs. 95 ± 36 µg, p < 0.05) and zinc (7.4 ± 1.9 vs. 9.1 ± 1.7 mg, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in women with GDM as compared to healthy pregnant women. In contrast, the groups showed no significant difference in vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, fruit, and vegetable intake. Our findings showed that antioxidant capacity is lower in women with GDM, possibly related to lower intakes of vitamin E and zinc.
- Published
- 2017
43. Diet Supplemented With Synthetic Carotenoids: Effects on Growth Performance and Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Yellow Perch (
- Author
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Han-Ping Wang, Eman A. Abd El-Gawad, and Hong Yao
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,antioxidant status ,lcsh:Physiology ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Canthaxanthin ,Carotenoid ,030304 developmental biology ,Original Research ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,yellow perch ,Glutathione peroxidase ,carotenoids ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Malondialdehyde ,Lycopene ,chemistry ,Catalase ,digestive enzymes ,040102 fisheries ,biology.protein ,gene expression ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries - Abstract
The current study assessed the effect of dietary canthaxanthin and lycopene supplementation at different concentrations on growth performance and antioxidant status in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In this regard, fish with initial weight (32 ± 1.0 g) were divided into five groups in triplicate, and fed on carotenoid-free diet (control), canthaxanthin (CTX) (50 and 100 mg/kg diet), and lycopene (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated after 30 and 60 days post feeding. Tissue liver and intestine from six fish per treatment was collected for antioxidant and digestive enzymes analysis. The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) of lipid content in the group fed lycopene at a dietary level 400 mg/kg for 60 days, compared to the control. Moreover, dietary carotenoids exhibited no significant effect on growth performance; this was evidenced by no significant up-regulation of growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor 1b (igf-1b) genes after 30 and 60 days post feeding. Intestinal lipase and trypsin activities were significantly improved with dietary lycopene especially at a dose of (400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver was also significantly decreased with dietary lycopene (400 mg/kg diet) for 60 days. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly decreased with dietary CTX, especially at dose (100 mg/kg diet) and lycopene at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg diet after 60 days feeding. Additionally, the immune-related gene interleukin-1 beta (il-1b) mRNA expression level revealed up-regulation in groups fed on CTX at different concentrations for 30 days, and fish fed lycopene at a concentration level 400 mg/kg diet for 60 days. The obtained results concluded that dietary supplementation of canthaxanthin and lycopene could enhance immune response and maintain antioxidants defense of fish. Therefore, it considered as a functional aquafeed ingredient for yellow perch.
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- 2018
44. Primary Dysmenorrhea in Relation to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies
- Author
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Ewa Sicinska, Maria Karolina Szmidt, Joanna Kaluza, and Dominika Granda
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,Elevated level ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Inflammation ,Review ,medicine.disease_cause ,antioxidant status ,Biochemistry ,Lipid peroxidation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,oxidative stress ,Molecular Biology ,primary dysmenorrhea ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Case-control study ,Cell Biology ,Pathophysiology ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Menstrual cramps ,chemistry ,inflammation ,women ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin in the absence of pelvic pathology and is the most common gynecological disorder among women of reproductive age. The aim of this study was to systematically review case-control studies that have investigated the oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and inflammation markers among women with primary dysmenorrhea and controls. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42020183104). By searching PubMed and Scopus databases as well as reference lists, six case-control studies with fifteen eligible markers (seven oxidative stress, seven antioxidant status, one inflammation) were included in this review. The quality of the included studies was assessed as medium or high. The systematic review included 175 women with primary dysmenorrhea and 161 controls. The results indicate an elevated level of oxidative stress, especially of lipid peroxidation among dysmenorrheal women. For the antioxidant status, limited evidence was found for a lower status among primary dysmenorrhea women, and only one study examined one inflammation marker (hs-CRP), which makes it impossible for such a conclusion. To establish whether oxidative stress, antioxidant status or inflammation participate in the pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea, high-quality studies with larger study groups and clear case definitions are needed.
- Published
- 2020
45. Oxygen toxicity and superoxide dismutase as an antioxidant in physiological stress.
- Author
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Monk, Lorna S., Fagerstedt, Kurt V., and Crawford, Robert M. M.
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OXYGEN , *PHYSIOLOGY , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *OXIDATIVE stress , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *BOTANY - Abstract
Although oxygen is vital for all aerobic life forms, excessive levels of oxygen free radical production can lead to potentially lethal oxidative reactions. The role of superoxide dismutase is examined as an integral part of the defence against oxidative injury resulting from various physiological stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Serum Paraoxonase, Arylesterase, and Glutathione-S-Transferase Activities and Oxidative Stress Levels in Patients with Mushroom Poisoning
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İlhan Korkmaz, Sevki Hakan Eren, Fatma Mutlu Kukul Güven, Levent Özdemir, Yusuf Kenan Tekin, and [Eren, Sevki Hakan] Gaziantep Univ, Med Fac, Dept Emergency Med, Gaziantep, Turkey -- [Korkmaz, Ilhan -- Guven, Fatma Mutlu Kukul -- Tekin, Yusuf Kenan] Cumhuriyet Univ, Med Fac, Dept Emergency Med, Sivas, Turkey -- [Ozdemir, Levent] Cumhuriyet Univ, Med Fac, Dept Publ Hlth, Sivas, Turkey
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Adult ,Male ,animal structures ,Physiology ,Mushroom Poisoning ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antioxidants ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Arylesterase ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reference Values ,Medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Mushroom poisoning ,Glutathione Transferase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Emergency Service ,lcsh:R5-920 ,biology ,business.industry ,Aryldialkylphosphatase ,Antioxidant Status ,Hospitalization Time ,fungi ,Paraoxonase ,Case-control study ,General Medicine ,Length of Stay ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Oxidative Stress ,Enzyme ,Glutathione S-transferase ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Spectrophotometry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Female ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
WOS: 000438381200001, PubMed ID: 29995097, OBJECTIVES: Consumption of toxic species of mushrooms may have detrimental effects and increase oxidative stress. Paraoxonase, arylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase are antioxidants that resist oxidative stress. In this study, we analyzed the changes in these enzymes during intoxication due to mushrooms. METHODS: The study enrolled 49 adult patients with a diagnosis of mushroom poisoning according to clinical findings and 49 healthy volunteers as the control group. The patients with mild clinical findings were hospitalized due to the possibility that the patient had also eaten the mushrooms and due to clinical findings in the late period, which could be fatal. Paraoxonase, arylesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase concentrations, as well as total antioxidant and oxidant status, were determined in the 49 patients and 49 healthy volunteers by taking blood samples in the emergency department. RESULTS: While paraoxonase, arylesterase, and total antioxidant status were significantly decreased in the patient group (p
- Published
- 2018
47. The Impact of Wheat Bran on the Morphology and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Broiler Chickens.
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Shang, Qinghui, Wu, Di, Liu, Hansuo, Mahfuz, Shad, and Piao, Xiangshu
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DIGESTIVE enzymes , *WHEAT bran , *BROILER chickens , *GASTROINTESTINAL system , *PHYSIOLOGY , *MORPHOLOGY , *SMALL intestine , *PECTORALIS muscle - Abstract
Simple Summary: Recently, dietary fiber has gained special attention due to its various beneficial effects on poultry. In poultry, moderate amounts of insoluble dietary fiber have been shown to be beneficial to nutrient utilization by improving the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this study used wheat bran as a source of insoluble fiber to investigate wheat bran on digestive function in broiler chickens. The results indicate that supplementation of 30 g/kg wheat bran enhanced nutrient digestibility by improving antioxidant status, gizzard development, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and morphology in broilers. In conclusion, wheat bran could be used for improving feed efficiency in broilers. There is increasing evidence showing that moderate amounts of insoluble dietary fiber can improve nutrient utilization by positively influencing the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran as a source of insoluble fiber on nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant status, gastrointestinal development, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 96 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were assigned to two treatments with six replicate cages per treatment and eight birds per replicate for 42 d. Dietary treatments consisted of the control group (CON, control diet) and wheat bran group (WB, 30 g/kg wheat bran). Inclusion of WB increased (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and crude protein on Day 42. Birds fed WB had lower (p < 0.05) serum total cholesterol concentration on Day 21, and lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and total triglyceride on Day 42. Inclusion of WB increased (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity on Day 21 and superoxide dismutase activity on Day 42, but tended (p = 0.07) to decrease serum malondialdehyde concentration on Day 21, and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde concentration on Day 42. Birds fed WB had a greater (p < 0.05) relative weight of gizzard on both Day 21 and 42. Inclusion of WB increased (p < 0.05) activities of amylase and trypsin in pancreas and jejunal mucosa on Day 21, and increased (p < 0.05) amylase activity in pancreas and jejunal mucosa. Birds fed WB had greater (p < 0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum on Day 42. In conclusion, supplementation of 30 g/kg WB enhanced nutrient digestibility by improving antioxidant status, gizzard development, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and morphology of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Proteomic analysis reveals that tomato interaction with plant growth promoting bacteria is highly determined by ethylene perception
- Author
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Matsuo Uemura, Hiroyuki Imai, Pablo Ibort, Ricardo Aroca, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Proteomics ,Antioxidant ,Ethylene ,Genotype ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Enterobacter ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Plant Roots ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Botany ,medicine ,Food science ,Bacillus megaterium ,Antioxidant status ,biology ,Inoculation ,fungi ,Plant physiology ,Phosphorus ,Ethylenes ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Solanum lycorpersicum (tomato) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Plant nutrition ,Bacteria ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Feeding an increasing global population as well as reducing environmental impact of crops is the challenge for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) management could represent a suitable method but elucidation of their action mechanisms is essential for a proper and effective utilization. Furthermore, ethylene is involved in growth and response to environmental stimuli but little is known about the implication of ethylene perception in PGPB activity. The ethylene-insensitive tomato never ripe and its isogenic wild-type cv. Pearson lines inoculated with Bacillus megaterium or Enterobacter sp. C7 strains were grown until mature stage to analyze growth promotion, and bacterial inoculation effects on root proteomic profiles. Enterobacter C7 promoted growth in both plant genotypes, meanwhile Bacillus megaterium PGPB activity was only noticed in wt plants. Moreover, PGPB inoculation affected proteomic profile in a strain- and genotype-dependent manner modifying levels of stress-related and interaction proteins, and showing bacterial inoculation effects on antioxidant content and phosphorus acquisition capacity. Ethylene perception is essential for properly recognition of Bacillus megaterium and growth promotion mediated in part by increased levels of reduced glutathione. In contrast, Enterobacter C7 inoculation improves phosphorus nutrition keeping plants on growth independently of ethylene sensitivity., This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2012-058155)
- Published
- 2017
49. An interdomain network: the endobacterium of a mycorrhizal fungus promotes antioxidative responses in both fungal and plant hosts
- Author
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Marcella Bracale, Andrea Carpentieri, Milena Marsoni, Lorenzo Testa, Alessandra Salvioli, Maria Concetta de Pinto, Angela Amoresano, Paola Bonfante, Mara Novero, Francesca Ortolani, Candida Vannini, Vannini, Candida, Carpentieri, Andrea, Salvioli, Alessandra, Novero, Mara, Marsoni, Milena, Testa, Lorenzo, de Pinto, Maria Concetta, Amoresano, Angela, Ortolani, Francesca, Bracale, Marcella, and Bonfante, Paola
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Quantitative proteomics ,Strigolactone ,Antioxidant status ,Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) ,Carbonylated proteins ,Endosymbiotic bacteria ,Plant host ,Proteome profiling ,Plant Science ,Fungus ,Biology ,antioxidant status ,Antioxidants ,Transcriptome ,Glomeromycota ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Symbiosis ,Bacterial Proteins ,Mycorrhizae ,Botany ,Calcium Signaling ,Carbonylated protein ,carbonylated proteins ,Fungal protein ,Obligate ,Burkholderiaceae ,Antioxidant statu ,fungi ,plant host ,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) ,endosymbiotic bacteria ,proteome profiling ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipid Metabolism ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,Lotus ,Trifolium ,Reactive Oxygen Species - Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant biotrophs that may contain endobacteria in their cytoplasm. Genome sequencing of Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum revealed a reduced genome and dependence on the fungal host. RNA-seq analysis of the AMF Gigaspora margarita in the presence and absence of the endobacterium indicated that endobacteria have an important role in the fungal pre-symbiotic phase by enhancing fungal bioenergetic capacity. To improve the understanding of fungal-endobacterial interactions, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) quantitative proteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in G. margarita germinating spores with endobacteria (B+), without endobacteria in the cured line (B-) and after application of the synthetic strigolactone GR24. Proteomic, transcriptomic and biochemical data identified several fungal and bacterial proteins involved in interspecies interactions. Endobacteria influenced fungal growth, calcium signalling and metabolism. The greatest effects were on fungal primary metabolism and respiration, which was 50% higher in B+ than in B-. A shift towards pentose phosphate metabolism was detected in B-. Quantification of carbonylated proteins indicated that the B- line had higher oxidative stress levels, which were also observed in two host plants. This study shows that endobacteria generate a complex interdomain network that affects AMF and fungal-plant interactions.
- Published
- 2016
50. Oxidative damage and the pathogenesis of menopause related disturbances and diseases
- Author
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Carlo M. Bergamini and Carlo Cervellati
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Physiology ,menopause ,Coronary Artery Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,antioxidant status ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,estradiol ,medicine ,Humans ,Endocrine system ,Pathological ,antioxidant status, cardiovascular diseases, estradiol, menopause, osteoporosis, reactive oxygen species ,reactive oxygen species ,Vasomotor ,Mechanism (biology) ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Neurodegeneration ,Ambientale ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,General Medicine ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,osteoporosis ,cardiovascular diseases ,Menopause ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Hot Flashes ,Female ,business ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The postmenopausal phase of life is frequently associated in women with subjective symptoms (e.g. vasomotor) and real diseases (atherosclerosis with coronary ischemia, osteoporosis, Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration, urogenital dystrophy), which together determine the post-menopausal syndrome. Observations that oxidative damage by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in experimental models can contribute to the pathogenesis of these disturbances stimulated research on the relationships between menopause, its endocrine deficiency, oxidative balance and the “wellness” in postmenopausal life. The connection among these events is probably due to the loss of protective actions exerted by estrogens during the fertile life. Most recent studies have revealed that estrogens exert an antioxidant action not by direct chemical neutralization of reactants as it was expected until recently but by modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes that control levels of biological reducing agents. Also nutritional antioxidants apparently act by a similar mechanism. From this perspective it is conceivable that a cumulative control of body oxidant challenges and biological defenses could help in monitoring between “normal” and “pathological” menopause. However, as clinical studies failed to confirm this scenario in vivo, we have decided to review the existing literature to understand the causes of this discrepancy and whether this was due to methodologic reasons or to real failure of the basic hypothesis.
- Published
- 2016
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