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Fruits and other vegetables are sources of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. With the focus on sustainability, these compounds' recovery has become a research trend in the last 20 years. However, the correct use of solvents and the steps required to assess the extracts' suitability to be added in food models have been poorly described. Thus, in this review, we attempt to show the pathways and provide guidance on the tailored-made use of solvents for recovering bioactive polyphenolic compounds from food matrices. Special attention is given to the toxicological safety of polyphenol-rich extracts and also their impacts on bioactivity and sensory acceptance of foods and beverages. Practical examples are described and commented on the applications of polyphenol-rich extracts in non-dairy foods and beverages. In summary, the alliance among food science, food technologies, biochemistry, and pharmacology are required to make the development of non-dairy polyphenol-rich foods feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, the single and combined effects of pulsed‐ultrasound amplitude (100 W, 30 kHz with 25 and 50% amplitude levels for up to 30 min) and temperature (65 °C and 75 °C) on fungal growth, total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Berberis vulgaris juice were investigated. The combination of pulsed ultrasound at 50% amplitude for 30 min at temperature of 75 °C as the most effective treatment was resulted in a reduction of about−3.083 ± 0.02, −3.04 ± 0.03, −3.10 ± 0.01 and −2.88 ± 0.02 log (N/N0) on S. cerevisiae, A. flavus, A. versicolor and B. fulva, respectively. Additionally, the highest total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were noted for the barberry juice after 30 min of sonication with 50% pulsed‐ultrasound amplitude at either 65 °C or 75 °C. Pulsed thermosonication is a promising technology to extend the shelf life of B. vulgaris fruit juice because of the improvement of antioxidant activity as well as microbial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Blackcurrant press cake (BPC) was extracted with cellulase/beta-glucanase/pectinase. • Enzyme-assisted extraction increased the recovery to phenolics and anthocyanins. • BPC extracts showed no anti-inflammatory action in murine microglial cells. • They had antiviral activity in Coxsackievirus A9 and human coronavirus HCoV-OC-43. • They did not show cytotoxicity for normal and cancer human cells. The effects of commercial enzymes (pectinases, cellulases, beta-1-3-glucanases, and pectin lyases) on the recovery of anthocyanins and polyphenols from blackcurrant press cake were studied considering two solid:solvent ratios (1:10 and 1:4 w/v). β-glucanase enabled the recovery of the highest total phenolic content – 1142 mg/100 g, and the extraction of anthocyanins was similar using all enzymes (∼400 mg/100 g). The use of cellulases and pectinases enhanced the extraction of antioxidants (DPPH − 1080 mg/100 g; CUPRAC – 3697 mg/100 g). The freeze-dried extracts presented antioxidant potential (CUPRAC, DPPH), which was associated with their biological effects in different systems: antiviral activity against both non-enveloped viruses (enterovirus coxsackievirus A-9) and enveloped coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43), and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells (A549 and HCT8). No cytotoxic effects on normal human lung fibroblast (IMR90) were observed, and no anti-inflammatory activity was detected in lipopolysaccharides-treated murine immortalised microglial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The camu-camu seeds, which comprehend about 20% of the fruit weight, is discarded without taking benefit of their chemical components and potential application by the industry. In the current study, we characterized the phenolic composition, the in vitro chemical antioxidant effects, cytotoxic activity, and the inhibition of induced-cisplatin chromosomal aberrations of five camu-camu seed extracts obtained with different proportions of water (H 2 O) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The 50% H 2 O + 50% EtOH was the most promising extract because it presented higher total phenolic content (4802 mg GAE/100 g), antioxidant capacity (DPPH = 3694 mg AAE/100 g; FRAP = 6604 mg AAE/100 g; FCRC = 4918 mg GAE/100 g) and inhibited the cell growth of four cancer cell lines (GI 50 = 7.49 μg GAE/mL A549; 13.3 μg GAE/mL Caco-2; 15.57 μg GAE/mL HepG2 and 14.89 μg GAE/mL HCT8) without cytotoxic effects against normal cells (GI 50 IMR90 > 43.2 μg GAE/mL). The cytotoxic effects presented high correlation with the (−)-epicatechin and methylvescalagin contents, while gallic and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids were associated with cytoprotective effects of HCT8 cancer cell line. The 50% H 2 O + 50% EtOH extract also presented protective effect by decreasing 37% of the induced-cisplatin chromosomal breaks index, suggesting its antimutagenic potential, which may be associated to its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Unlabelled Image • 50% H 2 O + 50% EtOH camu-camu seed extract was the most promising antioxidant and cytotoxic extract. • (−)-Epicatechin and methylvescalagin were correlated with camu-camu cytotoxic effects. • Gallic acid was correlated with camu-camu cytoprotective activity. • Camu-camu seed extract decreased the induced-cisplatin chromosomal breaks index. • Multiple linear regression model was applied to evaluate the effect of the solvent system in camu-camu seeds extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]