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The research aimed to evaluate quality profiles, optimize the antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content in a mixture of three crude drug: turmeric, java tea, and seed-under-leaf, using the Simplex Lattice Mixture Design. Ultimately, a quadratic model was used, as it best adjusted to the experimental behavior. It predicted the optimal composition of herbal mixtures antioxidant activity, determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and Ferri Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) techniques, also in Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). The crude drugs were of good quality according to selected pharmacognostic quality parameters of the official Malaysian herbal monograph (MHM). The optimum responses with the highest synergistic effect were composed of 5% (w/w) of turmeric, 40% (w/w) of Java tea, and 55% (w/w) of seed-under-leaf. The values were 1796 mM TE/g, 2230 mM TE/g, 355 mg GAE/g, and 177 mg QE/g for DPPH, FRAP, TPC, and TFC, respectively. The greatest contribution of antioxidant activity was shown in that mixture as potential as a functional beverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel polyherbal formula was developed from crude drugs of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall., Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson, Curcuma longa L., Curcuma comosa Roxb., and Phyllanthus niruri L. The powdered crude drugs were combined in the ratio of 5-5-3-3-3, respectively. The determination of total phenolic content (TPC), the 2,2-diphenyl,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the polyherbal formula and the individual constituents were conducted as per standard methods. The interaction effect of the components in the polyherbal formula toward antioxidant activities was statistically predicted. Curcuma longa contained the highest TPC at 625.35±28.39 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) crude drugs and showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP at 1546.18±88.16 and 1292.92±43.42 mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW, respectively. The polyherbal formula was in the median range of the component's value, with TPC, DPPH scavenging activity, and FRAP of 83.52±0.93 mg GAE/g DW, 652.63±28.84 mM TE/g DW, and 401.77±9.42 mM TE/g DW. TPC of all samples positively correlated to DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP. The combination of Andrographis paniculata, Tinospora crispa, Curcuma longa, Curcuma comosa, and Phyllanthus niruri generated interaction effects of additive and antagonist towards DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]