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Yildiz, Kenan/0000-0003-3455-5146; Ozturk, Burhan/0000-0002-0867-3942; KARAKAYA, ORHAN/0000-0003-0783-3120 WOS: 000474325500016 The study was aimed to assess the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on postharvest biochemical changes and quality loss in medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica cv. 'Istanbul'). Fruit were kept at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% RH for 60 d. At the end of storage, as compared with the control, the weight loss, respiration rate and flesh firmness were lower in MAP-treated fruit. The SSC and vitamin C were lower in MAP-treated fruit than the control. The losses of total phenols, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were significantly delayed by MAP during the storage. At the end of storage, the losses of oxalic acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid were delayed significantly only with the MeJA + MAP as compared with the control; and the losses of malic acid and fumaric acid were also delayed with both MAP and MeJA + MAP. The content of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and chlorogenic acid was higher in MeJA + MAP than the control. As a result, MeJA and MAP treatments could be used as an effective tool for delaying quality loss and maintaining of bioactive compounds in medlar fruit during cold storage.

Bu çalışma soğukta muhafaza ve raf ömrü süresince ‘Hayward’ kivi çeşidinin toplam fenolik bileşikler, toplam flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivitesi (DPPH ve FRAP testine göre) üzerine farklı MAP (Xtend, Aypek, Fresh ve Fresh Plus) uygulamalarının etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Kontrol meyvelerine MAP uygulanmamıştır. Meyveler, 0±0.5 °C ve % 90±5 nemde koşullarda 180 gün süre ile muhafaza edilmiştir. Raf ömrü ölçümleri, 5 gün boyunca 21±1.0 °C ve %70±5 nemde muhafaza edilen meyvelerde yürütülmüştür. Soğukta muhafaza ve raf ömrü süresince tüm uygulamalarda toplam fenolik, toplam antioksidan aktivitesi ve toplam flavonoid içeriği azalmıştır. Soğukta muhafaza ve raf ömrü süresince biyoaktif bileşikler tüm MAP uygulamalarında kontrole göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, soğukta muhafaza ve raf ömrü süresince biyoaktif bileşikler üzerine genel olarak Fresh ve Xtend uygulamalarının diğer MAP uygulamalarına kıyasla daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Aloe vera (AV) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on physiological and chemical quality attributes of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit during the cold storage at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH. Throughout the storage, fruit weight and firmness losses were delayed with AV and MAP treatments. At the end of storage, the respiration rate of fruit treated with MAP was lower than the control and AV-treated fruit. Similarly, ethylene production of MAP and AV-treated fruit was lower than the control. At the end of storage, the highest hue angle was obtained from the control, whereas the lowest hue angle was measured in AV + MAP. Decay rate of AV and MAP-treated fruit was lower than the control. Vitamin C, total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of fruit treated with AV and MAP was higher than the control. The astringency of AV and AV + MAP-treated fruit was higher than the control at the end of storage. This study revealed that AV gel and MAP treatments were effective in maintaining quality and bioactive compounds of cherry laurel fruit.

The phytohormone, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an important signalling molecule that plays a vital role in regulating plant defense responses as well as antioxidant systems. This is widely studied for postharvest benefits, demonstrating induced plant resistance to various storage stresses (biotic and abiotic). This also influences the production of secondary metabolites and enhances of antioxidant potential. The mode of action and postharvest application of MeJA is still a major area for research. This chapter summarises the contribution of MeJA on ameliorating postharvest quality of fruits with special reference to chilling injury and disease resistance.

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different rootstocks (Ma × Ma 14, GiselA 5, GiselA 6 and SL 64) on quality properties and bioactive compounds of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry fruit. Fruit weight, thickness and length of Ma × Ma 14 and SL 64 was higher than the GiselA 5 and GiselA 6. Firmness of GiselA 6 was lower than the other rootstocks (Ma × Ma 14, GiselA 5 and SL 64). The chroma value of GiselA 5 was greater than the other rootstocks, whereas the hue angle of SL 64 was lower than the other rootstocks. While the lowest SSC and acidity was obtained in GiselA 5, the highest vitamin C was determined in Ma × Ma 14. Total phenolics and total flavonoids, thus antioxidant activity of GiselA 6 and SL 64 rootstocks was higher than Ma × Ma 14 and GiselA 5 rootstocks. Catechin was the major phenolic acid in ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry fruit. GiselA 6 had higher catechin and 4‑hydroxybenzoic acid content than the other rootstocks. As a result, it was revealed that sweet cherry rootstocks were effective on bioactive compounds and fruit quality characteristics.

In this research, the effects of pre-harvest 0.25% iron treatments on yield, some fruit quality parameters, biochemical properties and micronutrient content of ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Deveci’ and ‘Akca’ pear cultivars were investigated. Effects of iron treatments on yield were found to be significant. While fruit firmness decreased with iron treatments in ‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Akca’ pears, the value increased in ‘Deveci’ cultivar. Besides, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity also decreased with iron treatments. Effects of iron treatments on individual phenolics were not found to be significant. It was concluded that foliar iron treatments had positive effects in all cultivars.

WOS: 000509520600008 Effects of green manures (Vicia faba) incorporated into the soil at different growth stages (FS (green manure mixed into the soil at flower stage) and SAH (green manure mixed into the soil at a stage after harvest)) on quality attributes of grafted and ungrafted tomatoes during cold storage were investigated. Fruit obtained from plants fertilized with different green manures were stored at 8 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% RH for 7, 14, and 21 days. At the end of each storage period, weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and bioactive compounds of the fruit were determined. At the end of the storage periods, fruit of ungrafted plants had lower weight loss, respiration rate, and phenolic acids (except for caffeic acid), but greater firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), vitamin C, total phenolics (TPs), and antioxidant activity (AA). Green manure-treated fruit had greater weight loss, firmness, total flavonoids (TFs) (except for FS), and AA, but lower respiration rate, hue angle, SSC (except for SAH), acidity, vitamin C, and TPs (except for FS). Grafting x green manure interactions had significant effects on quality attributes of tomatoes. In ungrafted plants, as compared with the control, green manure yielded lower weight loss, hue angle, vitamin C, and TPs (except for FS), but greater respiration rate, firmness, SSC (except for FS), and AA. On the other hand, in grafted plants, again as compared with the control, green manure yielded greater weight loss, TPs (except for FS), TFs, and AA, but lower respiration rate, firmness, SSC, acidity (except for SAH), and vitamin C. At the end of storage, green manure-treated fruit had greater protocatechuic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids than the control fruit. In terms of changes in fruit quality attributes during storage, the responses elicited by green manure treatments were dependent on whether or not plants were grafted. For instance, while green manure treatments increased weight loss of the fruit from grafted plants, they decreased weight loss of fruit from ungrafted plants at the end of 21-day storage.

Momordica charantia (MC) is a plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. MC has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiulcerative, antiinflammatory and antilipidemic effects. However, information on the effect of MC on fracture union is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effect of MC on fracture union histopathologically and biomechanically. A total of 42 male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 14 in each group. A diaphyseal fracture was created on the right tibia of all rats. All fractures were fixed with a Kirschner (K) wire. The rats in Group I did not undergo any further procedures (Control group). Group II rats were treated with 0.9% saline oral gavage at a dose of [Formula: see text]L/day for 28 days [Saline (S) group]. The rats in Group III were given 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg MC extract per day, dissolved in [Formula: see text]L 0.9% saline by oral gavage for 28 days [MC (Extract) group]. After 28 days, all rats were sacrificed. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups. The histopathological examination was performed on the right tibia of rats in the first subgroup and the biomechanical examination in the second subgroup. The kidneys and livers of all rats were evaluated histopathologically. Fracture union was significantly better in the Extract group compared with the Control and S groups histopathologically. The fracture inflammation values were lower in the Extract group than in the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of possible side effects to kidneys and livers. In terms of biomechanics, fracture union was significantly better in the Extract group compared with the Control and S groups except yield displacement values. MC had a positive effect on fracture union histopathologically and biomechanically.

This study aimed to assess the effects of different treatments [citric acid (CA), perforated and unperforated, packaging (17 and 23 μ film thickness)] on weight loss, respiration and decay rate, color, bioactive compounds, dry matter, ash and protein of Cantharellus cibarius mushroom during the cold storage [at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 12 days (d)]. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) significantly reduced weight loss and decay compared to control. With the progress of the storage period, the significant increases were observed in protein, ash, dry matter, vitamin C, total phenolic and antioxidant activity. At the end of storage, citric acid+23 μm thick non-perforated low-density polyethylene [LDPE (CANP23)] treatment for the highest protein; control and distilled water+23 μm thick non-perforated LDPE (NP23) for the highest vitamin C; citric acid+17 μm thick non-perforated LDPE (CAP17) for the highest total phenolics; NP23 for the highest antioxidant activity was determined. As a result, it was revealed that the weight loss and decay rate of Cantharellus cibarius can be significantly reduced with MAP and more caution should be taken regarding the citric acid (CA) application and the studies should be conducted to find the appropriate dose.

WOS: 000390502600021, The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mgL(-1)) and zinc (0,3% ZnSO4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), fruit weight, color characteristics, fruit firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity like quality attributes and antioxidant activity, total phenolics, micro and macro elements of Jersey Mac apples (Malus x domestica). Compared to control treatment, except for 22 July, pre-harvest drops were significantly reduced with all treatments in all measurement times. Zn +AVG treatment was found to be more effective in reducing pre-harvest fruit drops. IEC decreased with AVG, Zn and Zn +AVG treatments. Single AVG treatment was more effective on IEC decreases. While flesh softening was retarded with AVG treatments, Zn treatments stimulated flesh softening. Fruit weights increased with Zn treatments, but decreased with AVG and Zn +AVG treatments. Red color development was retarded with both AVG and Zn + AVG treatments, but stimulated with Zn treatment. SSC significantly decreased in the last measurement date (12 August) with AVG treatment. Compared to control fruits, AVG and Zn +AVG-treated fruits had higher titratable acidity, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity, but Zn-treated fruits had lower values. All micro element and nitrogen and phosphorus-like macro element contents of single Zn and AVG or Zn +AVG-treated fruits were higher than the control fruits. It was concluded that beside AVG, Zn could also play an active role in retarding pre-harvest fruit drops. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000439763000008, This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rain protective covering (RPC) together with Parka and gibberellic acid (GA(3)) treatments on cracking rates and quality attributes of jujube fruits. RPC was mounted 5 weeks before the commercial harvest date. 1% Parka (containing 7.5% stearic acid, 5% cellulose and 1% calcium) and GA(3) (15 mg L-1) were sprayed to experimental trees 3 and 2 weeks before the commercial harvest date. As compared to the control, all treatments (Parka, GA(3) and GA(3) + Parka) yielded lower cracking rates. Cracking rates were also significantly lower in covered trees than in uncovered trees. However, GA(3) + Parka treated fruit had significantly lower cracking rates than both the control and the other treatments. GA(3) treated fruits had significantly higher weight, width, hue angle and firmness values, but significantly lower L* values than the control fruits. As compared to the control, all treatments yielded a significantly lower respiration rate and soluble solids content, but higher titratable acidity, vitamin C and total phenolics. The covered fruits had significantly higher hue angle, respiration rate, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging activity on DPPH and FRAP) than the uncovered ones. It was concluded based on the present findings that rain-protective covering could be used as an efficient tool to reduce cracking rates in jujube fruits without any negative effects on the other quality attributes. It was also concluded that Parka and GA(3) treatments reduced cracking rates significantly and such a reduction was more remarkable with combined GA(3) + Parka treatments., Scientific Research Unit of Ordu University [TF-1632], This research was supported by the Scientific Research Unit of Ordu University with project number TF-1632. Acknowledgements are extended to Assoc Prof Dr Zeki GOKALP for his technical support for the presentation of this paper and Ahmet KARAN, the owner of Yesil Vadi Farm.

WOS:000318455200018 B. Ozturk, E. Altuntas, K. Yildiz, Y. Ozkan, and O. Saracoglu. 2013. Effect of methyl jasmonate treatments on the bioactive compounds and physicochemical quality of 'Fuji' apples. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):201-211. Recently, plant growth regulators have been used for various purposes in apples. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has significant effects on the physiology, postharvest biology, processing, and chemical composition of apples. In the present study, the effects of MeJAMeJa treatments on the physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds (total antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins) of 'Fuji' apples were investigated. The following doses of MeJa were used: 0 (control); 1; 120; 2,240; and 4,480 mg L-1. The highest geometric mean diameter, fruit mass, flesh firmness and skin thickness were obtained from the 2,240 mg L-1 MeJA treatment. Fruits harvested from control trees exhibited the highest total soluble solids content (TSSC) and pH, whereas the lowest TSSC and pH values were obtained from the 4,480 mg L-1 MeJA treatment. The titratable acidity was lower in the control as compared to the other treatments. The total phenolics of the fruit flesh decreased with increasing MeJa doses. The highest total antioxidant activity for both the FRAP and TEAC of fruit flesh was obtained from the 1,120 mg L-1 MeJA dose. The total anthocyanin content was higher in the 4,480 mg L-1 MeJA treatment than in the other treatments. Hue angles for both the sun- and shade-exposed sides of the fruit skin and flesh were lower in the 4,480 mg L-1 MeJA treatment as compared to the other treatments. Apples without full color formation are sold at lower prices in markets, which results in significant economic losses for producers. MeJA may be used as an efficient treatment to promote color formation in apple species with weak coloring due to genetic and climate conditions.

The effects of pre-harvest GA(3) treatments at different concentrations (0,30 and 60 mg L-1) on fruit quality attributes [geometric mean diameter, flesh firmness, hue angle, fruit removal force (FRF), soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity] and bioactive compounds (total phenolics, total anthocyanin and total antioxidant capacity) of 0900 Ziraat, Regina and Sweetheart sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars were investigated in 3 different harvest periods. GA(3)-treated Sweetheart fruits were significantly larger than the control fruits. Considering the hue angle values, it was observed that GA(3) treatments retarded red color development in all three cultivars. The loss in flesh firmness throughout the ripening period was significantly retarded with GA(3) treatments in all three cultivars. Fruit removal force was significantly higher in GA(3)-treated Regina and Sweetheart sweet cherries than in control fruits. The SSC values of GA(3)-treated fruits were generally lower than the control fruits. Total phenolics, total anthocyanin and total antioxidant capacity of GA(3)-treated fruits were also significantly lower than the control fruits. As compared to control treatment, total phenol content of Regina fruits with a week retarded harvest was 22 and 25% lower respectively in 30 and 60 mg L-1 GA(3) treatments. Similar results were observed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of two different methyl jasmonate (MeJA) doses, applied 2 weeks ahead of estimated harvest date, on fruit weight loss (%), color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic (TP), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and individual phenolic compounds of “Fortune” plum were investigated at harvest and during 4 weeks of cold storage. Application of MeJA significantly increased weight loss at the end of storage period. entire color characteristics decreased linearly in all treatments during the storage period. The highest fruit firmness value at the end of storage was obtained from 1,120 mg L−1 MeJA treatment. TP and TAA values increased linearly in all treatments during the storage period. The highest post-storage total phenolics and antioxidant values was observed in the 2,240 mg L−1 MeJA application. MeJA applications significantly increased the chlorogenic acid content during the storage (P

WOS:000343614200012 The present study was carried out to determine the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on the fruit peel color parameters, anthocyanin content, ethylene biosynthesis, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of Braeburn apples. Experimental trees were treated with 1120, 2240, or 4480 mg L-1 MeJA at 1- and 2-week intervals between the 105th and 175th days of growth after full bloom. L* and hue decreased linearly with increasing MeJA concentrations in both experimental years. While MeJA treatments did not cause significant changes in chroma, except for in the final harvest in 2010, it decreased chroma values significantly on all sampling dates of 2011. Anthocyanin content, internal ethylene concentration, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity increased linearly with increasing MeJA concentrations, regardless of the application interval: MeJA treatments with 1-week intervals were found to be as effective as those with 2-week intervals. Although MeJA treatments increased ethylene biosynthesis, they did not cause any softening; on the other hand, fruit firmness increased linearly with increasing MeJA concentrations. Preharvest MeJA treatments can be a good management strategy for red peel color development and fruit firmness preservation in Braeburn apples. Although both application regimes of MeJA significantly increased red color development, the treatments with 1-week intervals were found to be more effective than 2-week intervals with regard to phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.

The effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatments on fruit quality parameters and bioactive compounds of ‘Fortune’ plum during cold storage were investigated. Two different aminoethoxyvinylglycine doses were applied to plum trees two weeks prior to the estimated harvest date, and harvested fruit samples were kept in cold storage at 0 oC temperature and with 90 ± 5% relative humidity for 4 weeks. Lightness ( L*) and hue angle values decreased in all treatments during cold storage. Weight loss (%) was significantly decreased ( p

The effects of storage temperature on weight loss, flesh firmness, color characteristics, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and individual phenolic compounds of cherry laurel fruits (Prunus laurocerasus L. cv. Kiraz) during storage (at 2 ± 0.5C and 90 ± 5% RH) were investigated in this study. The weight losses of fruits increased with the increasing storage durations. The weight loss was 11.11% at the end of storage. While flesh firmness, titratable acidity and vitamin C decreased throughout the storage, an increase was observed in SSC values. Throughout storage period, an increase was observed in L* and hue angle and a decrease was observed in chroma values. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity decreased throughout the storage period. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acid in cherry laurel fruits. Practical Applications Cherry laurel fruit are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant effects. The storage temperature can provide significant contributions to market value and prevention of nutritional values of the cherry laurel fruits. This study revealed that storage temperature was effective in delaying softening of fruits and maintaining bioactive compounds of cherry laurel fruits.