1. Chemotherapy with or without avelumab followed by avelumab maintenance versus chemotherapy alone in patients with previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer (JAVELIN Ovarian 100): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.
- Author
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Monk BJ, Colombo N, Oza AM, Fujiwara K, Birrer MJ, Randall L, Poddubskaya EV, Scambia G, Shparyk YV, Lim MC, Bhoola SM, Sohn J, Yonemori K, Stewart RA, Zhang X, Perkins Smith J, Linn C, and Ledermann JA
- Subjects
- Aged, B7-H1 Antigen antagonists & inhibitors, B7-H1 Antigen metabolism, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial pathology, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors therapeutic use, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Middle Aged, Ovarian Neoplasms metabolism, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Progression-Free Survival, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial drug therapy, Ovarian Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Although most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer respond to frontline platinum-based chemotherapy, around 70% will relapse within 3 years. The phase 3 JAVELIN Ovarian 100 trial compared avelumab (anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody) in combination with chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance, or chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance, versus chemotherapy alone in patients with treatment-naive epithelial ovarian cancer., Methods: JAVELIN Ovarian 100 was a global, open-label, three-arm, parallel, randomised, phase 3 trial run at 159 hospitals and cancer treatment centres in 25 countries. Eligible women were aged 18 years and older with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer (following debulking surgery, or candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy), and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) via interactive response technology to receive chemotherapy (six cycles; carboplatin dosed at an area under the serum-concentration-time curve of 5 or 6 intravenously every 3 weeks plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m
2 every 3 weeks or 80 mg/m2 once a week [investigators' choice]) followed by avelumab maintenance (10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks; avelumab maintenance group); chemotherapy plus avelumab (10 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks) followed by avelumab maintenance (avelumab combination group); or chemotherapy followed by observation (control group). Randomisation was in permuted blocks of size six and stratified by paclitaxel regimen and resection status. Patients and investigators were masked to assignment to the two chemotherapy groups without avelumab at the time of randomisation until completion of the chemotherapy phase. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival assessed by blinded independent central review in all randomly assigned patients (analysed by intention to treat). Safety was analysed in all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02718417. The trial was fully enrolled and terminated at interim analysis due to futility, and efficacy is no longer being assessed., Findings: Between May 19, 2016 and Jan 23, 2018, 998 patients were randomly assigned (avelumab maintenance n=332, avelumab combination n=331, and control n=335). At the planned interim analysis (data cutoff Sept 7, 2018), prespecified futility boundaries were crossed for the progression-free survival analysis, and the trial was stopped as recommended by the independent data monitoring committee and endorsed by the protocol steering committee. Median follow-up for progression-free survival for all patients was 10·8 months (IQR 7·1-14·9); 11·1 months (7·0-15·3) for the avelumab maintenance group, 11·0 months (7·4-14·5) for the avelumab combination group, and 10·2 months (6·7-14·0) for the control group. Median progression-free survival was 16·8 months (95% CI 13·5-not estimable [NE]) with avelumab maintenance, 18·1 months (14·8-NE) with avelumab combination treatment, and NE (18·2 months-NE) with control treatment. The stratified hazard ratio for progression-free survival was 1·43 (95% CI 1·05-1·95; one-sided p=0·99) with the avelumab maintenance regimen and 1·14 (0·83-1·56; one-sided p=0·79) with the avelumab combination regimen, versus control treatment. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were anaemia (69 [21%] patients in the avelumab maintenance group, 63 [19%] in the avelumab combination group, and 53 [16%] in the control group), neutropenia (91 [28%], 99 [30%], and 88 [26%]), and neutrophil count decrease (49 [15%], 45 [14%], and 59 [18%]). Serious adverse events of any grade occurred in 92 (28%) patients in the avelumab maintenance group, 118 (36%) in the avelumab combination group, and 64 (19%) in the control group. Treatment-related deaths occurred in one (<1%) patient in the avelumab maintenance group (due to atrial fibrillation) and one (<1%) patient in the avelumab combination group (due to disease progression)., Interpretation: Although no new safety signals were observed, results do not support the use of avelumab in the frontline treatment setting. Alternative treatment regimens are needed to improve outcomes in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer., Funding: Pfizer and Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests BJM reports receiving honoraria from and serving as a consultant or advisor for Agenus, Akeso, Aravive, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Elevar Therapeutics, Genmab and Seattle Genetics, GOG Foundation, Gradalis, ImmunoGen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Merck & Co, US Oncology Network (owned by McKesson), Mersana Therapeutics, Novocure, Myriad Genetics, Pfizer, Puma Biotechnology, Genentech (subsidiary of Roche), Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro (owned by GlaxoSmithKline), and VBL Therapeutics. NC reports receiving honoraria from and serving as a consultant or advisor for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Roche, and Tesaro; receiving honoraria from Novartis; serving as a consultant or advisor for Advaxis, BioCad, ImmunoGen, OncXerna, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Takeda; and participating on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Advaxis, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BioCad, Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, ImmunoGen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, OncXerna, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda, and Tesaro. KF reports receiving research funding and reimbursement for travel, accommodation, and expenses from Pfizer. MJB reports participating on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, OncoQuest, and VBL Therapeutics. LR reports receiving honoraria from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck & Co; serving as a consultant or advisor for Agenus, Akeso Bio, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Intuitive Surgical, Myriad, Novartis, and Rubius; and having received institutional research grants from Akeso Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Genentech, GOG Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Karyopharm, Merck & Co, Mersana Therapeutics, On Target Laboratories, and Seagen. GS reports receiving honoraria from Clovis Oncology; serving as a consultant or advisor for Johnson & Johnson and Tesaro; and having received research funding from Merck Sharp & Dohme. JS has received institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. KY reports receiving honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharma, Eisai, Novartis, Pfizer, and Takeda; and serving as a consultant or advisor for AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharma, Eisai, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Takeda. RAS reports employment at Pfizer at the time the study was done and owns stock in Pfizer. XZ reports employment at and owns stock in Pfizer. JPS reports employment at and owns stock in Pfizer. CL reports employment at Pfizer and owns stock in Eli Lilly and Pfizer. JAL reports receiving honoraria from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Pfizer; and is the vice president of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and an editor of the gynaecological clinical practice guidelines for the European Society for Medical Oncology. AMO, EVP, YVS, MCL, and SMB declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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