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Immuno-oncological therapy concepts have already achieved great success in the treatment of a number of advanced malignancies, thereby rapidly gaining access to clinical practice. Immuncheckpoint inhibitors are also being reviewed in the adjuvant setting. In malignant melanoma, they have already shown efficacy. Different combination strategies of Immuncheckpoint inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation to further improve treatment outcomes. However, this has so far also been associated with a significantly increased immune-mediated rate of side effects. Effective and safe immuno-oncology requires good clinical management of immune-mediated side effects. Radiological assessment is challenging under immunotherapy and requires new standards (iRECIST). Encouraging is the fact that immunotherapy also causes long-term remissions in some of the patients. This raises the hope for a fundamentally curative potential of immuno-oncological therapeutic approaches., Competing Interests: MS: Berater- und/ oder Vortragshonorare (Roche, Novartis, Amgen, BMS, MSD). Reisekostenerstattung (Amgen). Ch.B: Beraterhonorare (BMS). Ca.B.: Berater- und/oder Vortragshonorare (Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Incyte, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis). Cl.B: Beraterhonorare (MSD, BMS, MERCK). Local PI in clinical trials (MSD, BMS, MERCK). ST und MTN: Keine Interessenskonflikte, (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)