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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenols and flavonoids contents of Salvia glutinosa L. (glutinous sage) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage) extracts were studied. Methanol and aqueous ethanol (70% v/v) were used for extraction of bioactive compounds, both in the presence and the absence of ultrasound, from herb and the spent plant material remaining after the essential oil hydrodistillation. The ratio of plant material to extracting solvent was 1:10 g/ml. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were found to depend on the type of plant material and the extraction conditions. The plant materials from which essential oil had been recovered were proven to be valuable raw materials for making various herbal preparations.

This paper presents a comparative study of the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in extracts obtained from houseleek (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) leaves by the classical (maceration), ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction (CE, UE and SE, respectively). The extract obtained by the CE contained higher amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and showed a better antioxidant activity than those obtained using other two techniques. All the extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans only but not against the tested bacteria.

The chemical composition of four essential oils of four species of sage (Salvia officinalis L., Salvia pratensis L., Salvia glutinosa L. and Salvia aethiopis L) are examined by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. The presence of some components in the essential oil (mono- and sesquiterpene) determines the pharmacological effects and therapeutical application of a plant species. Salvia officinalis L. gives the highest yield of oil (1.1 %), while the lowest is in Salvia pratensis L. (0.1 %). The investigations included the determination of the antimicrobic activities of the essential oils by the diffusion method and the oil of Salvia pratensis L. proved to have the highest activity.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained by classical (maceration) and ultrasonic (40 kHz) extraction from dry Plantago major leaves were compared. The antioxidant activities of extracts obtained by ultrasonic and classical extraction were 0.87±0.02 and 0.85±0.02 µg/µg DPPH, respectively. Ultrasound positively affected the extractive substance yield and the kinetics of extraction, but the extract obtained by classical extraction contained higher total contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than that obtained by ultrasonic extraction. Extracts of P. major showed better antimicrobial activity against the yeasts than against the bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the essential oil and the ethanol extract of Artemisia alba Turra herb, in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in order to select the active pharmacological isolate for making phytopreparation from the group of bitter aromatics and/or bitter liqueurs. Chemical composition of the essential oils and volatile fractions of the extract was determined by GC-FID/GC-MS and non-volatile fractions of the extract by HPLC. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride, respectively. The antioxidant activity of isolates was tested by FRAP and DPPH tests and the antimicrobial by microdilution method. Major constituents in the essential oil were camphor, artemisia ketone and 1,8-cineole (23.7%, 15.2% and 14.1%, respectively), and in the volatile fraction of the extract, scopoletin (14.0%) and corymbolone (10.3%). The main components in non-volatile fraction of the extract were kaempferol 3-O-(6"-Omalonylglucoside)- 7-O-rhamnoside, chlorogenic acid and rutin (16.1%, 11.4% and 9.5% respectively). The content of total phenolics in the extract, expressed as gallic acid was 77.18 mg/g and flavonoids, expressed as rutin 53.80 mg/g of dry extract. Extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than essential oil and better antimicrobial activity on a larger number of tested microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]