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Antimicrobial activity of Usnea barbata especially against bacteria involved in pathogenesis of various skin conditions has been well documented in literature. Nevertheless, there are no papers dealing with formulation of its isolates into topical preparations for treatment of skin infections. In present study, alkyl polyglucoside (APG) - based vehicle was developed as carrier of U. barbata CO2-supercritical extract (U-SE) that demonstrated the best antimicrobial potential in preliminary screening. For comparison, chosen extract in the same concentration and using the same procedure was incorporated into a pharmacopoeial vehicle. Comparative evaluation of physicochemical stability, efficiency and safety proved APG-based vehicle to possess certain preferential features as carrier of U-SE compared to the reference one, composing a topical formulation with potential clinical relevance in treatment of skin infections. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III45017 i br. TR34031]

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Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of celery fruit essential oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide and by hydrodistillation was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii strains, isolated from victuals of animal origin and from clinical specimens. The supercritical extract was moderately or much more effective than the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation against almost all the investigated strains, except in the case of one Listeria strain originating in minced meat, where the MIC values were identical. For two S. aureus strains originating in minced meat, supercritical extract had very strong antimicrobial activity, with MIC values of ≤40μg/ml. The chemical composition of the supercritical extract as well as of the oil obtained by hydrodistillation of dried fruits was analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The supercritical extract was greatly superior to the oil obtained by hydrodistillation in terms of the concentration and quantity of the isolated bioactive compounds: sedanenolide, sedanolide and 3-n-butylphthalide. The yields of the supercritical extraction and hydrodistillation were 2.74 and 1.63wt.%, respectively. The process of supercritical fluid extraction was modeled using a model on the secretory structure scale. The modeling results showed good agreement with the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Isolation of carrot fruit (Daucus carrota L., cultivar “Chanteney”) essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated from the pretreatment of herbaceous matrix and extraction conditions to the chemical composition of obtained extract and its antimicrobial activity. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, were done by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Antimicrobial properties of both samples were investigated against ten species of microorganisms. Experimental results showed that the particle size had no influence on the extraction process. The highest yield was obtained at 40°C and 10MPa. The main component of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil was carotol. The supercritical extract was characterized by the presence of heavier molecular weight compounds, while some lighter compounds, e.g. pinenes, were not detected. The supercritical extract and the essential oil were the most effective against Gram-positive bacteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]