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Caesalpinia sappan L. has great potential as a natural-based mouthwash that can be an excellent option to replace synthetic mouthwash. However, continuous studies on the active ingredients contained in Caesalpinia sappan L. are required to confirm its effectiveness and safety for use as mouthwash. This study aims to evaluate the potential of secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as an antimicrobial agent in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans, a type of bacteria that plays a role in the formation of dental plaque and the development of dental caries. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the TLC method to determine the bioactive compounds in secang wood. The bacteria inhibitory activity of the plant extract was done using the Mueller Hinton agar well diffusion method. Results of the study showed that secang wood contains polyphenolic compounds. However, other phytochemicals (alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids) were not detected. The inhibition tests reveal the potential of secang wood extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 17%. There was a significant difference in the inhibitory activity at concentrations of 20%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (p<.0.05). The extract at a concentration of 20% exhibits very low inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans growth (p=0.003) compared to other concentrations. Also, there were no significant differences between the 50% and the other concentrations. These findings prove that secang wood has the potential to be an effective antimicrobial agent in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]