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Helichrysum armenium subsp. armenium plant was extracted with the Soxhlet apparatus. The obtained extract was fractionated and, respectively, AHB (petroleum ether-60% ethanol-chloroform), AHC (ethanol-toluene), AHD (ethanol-chloroform), and AHE (ethanol-ethylacetate) extracts were obtained. Then, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase activity studies were performed on these extracts. In this study, with the using the LC-HRMS method from the aerial parts of Helichrysum armenium subsp. armenium, the flavonoids: apigenin, apigenin 7-glucoside, apigenin 7-methylate, luteolin 7-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, (+)-trans taxifolin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, sinensetin, rutin, 3'-o-methyl quercetin, hispidulin, chrysin, acacetin, genkwanin, chrysoeriol; the phenolic acids: chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, emodin, vanilic acid; the alkaloid: caffeine and the saponoside; glycyrrhizic acid were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate for the first time the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiurease effects of A. lycaonica extracts obtained using three extraction methods and five solvents followed by identification of the phenolic compounds obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate and maceration with chloroform that showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant and antiurease activity. The phenolic compounds were identified to be chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, salicylic acid, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin, and 8-hydroxy-salvigenin. Among the solvent extraction procedures, Soxhlet approach was found to have higher recoveries than other approaches. The results of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays showed that the 1:1 ethanol-water Soxhlet, ethanol ultrasonic bath, and ethyl acetate Soxhlet extraction methods had the highest DPPH antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate Soxhlet extraction method showed the highest 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant activity. In addition, the chloroform maceration extraction method exhibited the highest antiurease activity. Therefore, 1:1 Soxhlet ethanol-water, ultrasonic bath ethanol, and Soxhlet ethyl acetate extracts may be used in medicine and food production as natural antioxidant sources. In addition, maceration with chloroform may provide a potential antiurease agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chemical constituents of Ferulago species have been classified according to the research literatures between 1967–2019. • Ferulago genus is a rich source of coumarins. • Isolated pure coumarins demonstrated many activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant. • Prantschimgin, felamidin, isoimperatorin, oxypeucedanin, bergapten, and xanthotoxin coumarins were found majority in the Ferulago genus. The genus Ferulago W. Koch is a member of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family and consists of 49 species throughout the world. In traditional medicine, Ferulago species have been utilized as sedatives, carminatives, aphrodisiacs, for increasing milk secretion and for the treatment of bronchitis, skin diseases, and eye diseases. The authors aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of Ferulago species and the pharmacological activities of its coumarins. In this review, literature searches were performed using scientific search engines and databases (Google Scholar, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed.) for papers published in the past until June 2019. The molecular structures of all isolated compounds are shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, and the main constituents of the essential oil (Table 5) are indicated with the identified number, characterization, and extraction method. Additionally, the pharmacological activities of the coumarins isolated from the Ferulago genus were investigated. The results demonstrated that coumarins have various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anticholinesterase activities. Therefore this review may be considered to be an important scientific resource for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]