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The use of natural gas as a motor fuel in road transport remains a priority task for the state. The relevance of this direction lies in the fact that it is possible to use natural gas from domestic deposits. It doesn't have harmful impurities, 95–98% consists of methane with an octane number of 110–120 units. The introduction of technologies for the use of natural gas in the power plants of vehicles was carried out in the USSR times. At that time, this direction was seen as the development of alternative fuel sources. This scientific article pays special attention to the component composition of natural gas from the point of its thermal efficiency view during combustion in the power plant. Moreover, this installation is designed to work in a vehicle in various climatic conditions. For this, the existing domestic and foreign methods for determining the main indicator characterizing the knock resistance of fuel during combustion, the so-called methane number (MN), are considered. Introduction of the methane number, one of the main indicators of the power plant working process is one of three ways to increase the efficiency of vehicles during its operation in various climatic conditions. An important advantage of converting a vehicle power plant to natural gas is the preservation of the engine design. Consequently, the improvement of its technical and economic indicators will be carried out by changing the composition of the gas mixture based on methane, according to the design features of the gas power plant, the defining indicator of which will be the MN. The main ways to improve the efficiency of a gas power plant using MN are detailed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]