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The study of human leukocyte antigens, predominantly by monoclonal antibody techniques, is a rapidly changing area of basic research and clinical investigation. This review outlines some of the results and trends of research in this field. Of particular importance is the updating of the current nomenclature. The CD classification of these antigens has become the standard form in published literature and provides a basis for standardization of clinical reporting. The current CD classification is presented in the form of a list, with a brief summary of each antigen beside each entry. The results reviewed range from the section on CD1 antigen in which the data presented are primarily concerned with the underlying biology of the antigens to the section on clinical application which has little biological content.