1. Pre-existing humoral immunity to human common cold coronaviruses negatively impacts the protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody response
- Author
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Lin, Chun-Yang, Wolf, Joshua, Brice, David C, Sun, Yilun, Locke, Macauley, Cherry, Sean, Castellaw, Ashley H, Wehenkel, Marie, Crawford, Jeremy Chase, Zarnitsyna, Veronika I, Duque, Daniel, Allison, Kim J, Allen, E Kaitlynn, Brown, Scott A, Mandarano, Alexandra H, Estepp, Jeremie H, Team, The SJTRC Study, Gaur, Aditya H, Hoffman, James M, Mori, Tomi, Tuomanen, Elaine I, Webby, Richard J, Hakim, Hana, Hayden, Randall T, Hijano, Diego R, Awad, Walid, Bajracharya, Resha, Clark, Brandi L, Cortez, Valerie, Dallas, Ronald H, Fabrizio, Thomas, Freiden, Pamela, Gowen, Ashleigh, Hodges, Jason, Kirk, Allison M, Roubidoux, Ericka Kirkpatrick, Mettelman, Robert C, Russell-Bell, Jamie, Souquette, Aisha, Sparks, James, Van de Velde, Lee-Ann, Vazquez-Pagan, Ana, Whitt, Kendall, Wilson, Taylor L, Wittman, David E, Wohlgemuth, Nicholas, Wu, Gang, Taylor, Charles, Molina-Paris, Carmen, Schultz-Cherry, Stacey, Tang, Li, Thomas, Paul G, and McGargill, Maureen A
- Subjects
Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Biodefense ,Biotechnology ,Lung ,Immunization ,Pneumonia ,Prevention ,Vaccine Related ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,Antibodies ,Viral ,Antibody Formation ,Asymptomatic Infections ,COVID-19 ,Case-Control Studies ,Cell Line ,Common Cold ,Cross Reactions ,Female ,HEK293 Cells ,Humans ,Immunity ,Humoral ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Spike Glycoprotein ,Coronavirus ,SJTRC Study Team ,229E ,HKU1 ,NL63 ,OC43 ,antibody ,pre-existing immunity ,Microbiology ,Immunology ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to respiratory distress and death. A major unresolved question is whether prior immunity to endemic, human common cold coronaviruses (hCCCoVs) impacts susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunity following infection and vaccination. Therefore, we analyzed samples from the same individuals before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We found hCCCoV antibody levels increase after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, demonstrating cross-reactivity. However, a case-control study indicates that baseline hCCCoV antibody levels are not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rather, higher magnitudes of pre-existing betacoronavirus antibodies correlate with more SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following infection, an indicator of greater disease severity. Additionally, immunization with hCCCoV spike proteins before SARS-CoV-2 immunization impedes the generation of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Together, these data suggest that pre-existing hCCCoV antibodies hinder SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based immunity following infection and provide insight on how pre-existing coronavirus immunity impacts SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is critical considering emerging variants.
- Published
- 2022