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Aims: To compare the amount of intraoperative intraocular bleeding in patients with diabetes with macula-involving tractional retinal detachment (TRD) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection., Methods: An institutional study was carried out with consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy and macula-involving TRD of recent (3 months) onset who were randomly assigned to PPV only (PPV group) or PPV combined with one IVB (1.5 mg/0.06 ml) injection 2 weeks prior to surgery (bevacizumab (BEV)/PPV group). All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV 3 weeks after baseline. The main outcome measure was erythrocyte count in the fluid retrieved from the vitrectomy cassette using a Neubauer counting chamber., Results: The study included 20 patients. The mean erythrocyte count was 14,865x10(3) (SD 19,332x10(3); median 4,500x10(3)) cells in the BEV/PPV group, and 176,240x10(3) (SD 108,375x10(3); median 166,600x10(3)) cells in the PPV group. The mean erythrocyte count was significantly lower in the BEV/PPV group than in the PPV group (p<0.0001). No major adverse events were identified., Conclusion: Preoperative IVB injection was associated with reduced intraocular bleeding during 23-gauge PPV for diabetic macula-involving TRD. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings., Trial Registration Number: NCT00690768.