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Background: • Q fever, known as coxiellosis in animals, represents a global zoonotic threat caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii). The disease affects many animal species, including those considered significant reservoirs, such as cattle, sheep and goats. Transmission of the pathogen to other domestic animals, including companion animals, and then to humans has also been observed, highlighting the importance of understanding the epidemiology and prevalence of C. burnetii among companion animals. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of seroreagents for C. burnetii within pet dogs, cats and rabbits from urban Poland areas and identify possible risk factors for these animals., Results: • In total, serum samples from 491 dogs, 427 cats and 93 rabbits were used in the study. The seroprevalence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies in dogs and cats reached 0.61% (3/491; 95% CI: 0.21-1.78) and 0.23% (1/427; 95% CI: 0.04-1.31), respectively. No significant differences in seroprevalence across species and different subpopulations (age group, gender, exhibited symptoms, or sampling location) were found. All 93 samples from rabbits were negative for anti-C.burnetii antibodies., Conclusions: • The seroprevalence rates of C. burnetii in dogs and cats were low; however, our results confirm that pet dogs and cats in Poland can be exposed to C. burnetii and may exhibit serological reactions. It has been reported that people who come into contact with secretions and excretions from the reproductive systems of dogs and cats (such as breeders, veterinarians, and veterinary clinic staff) may be at risk of contracting C. burnetii. Based on the findings, it is advised to be particularly cautious, especially when assisting with dogs and cats giving birth. Coxiellosis should be considered a potential cause of reproductive disorders in these animals. The results indicate that rabbits are probably less important in the circulation of the C. burnetii in the present study. This is the first serological survey of C. burnetii in pet dogs, cats and rabbits in Poland., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: According to the Act on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes in Poland adopted on 15 January 2015 and according to earlier regulations (Act on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes in Poland adopted on 21 January 2005), the study described in this manuscript did not require the permission of the Local Ethical Commission for Investigations on Animals, as confirmed by Local Ethical Commission for Investigations on Animals in Poznań, Poznań University of Life Sciences. Informed consent was obtained from the owners of the animals included in the study. The reported study complies with the ARRIVE guidelines ( https://arriveguidelines.org ) for reporting animal experiments. All methods were performed following the relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Informed consent for publishing the results was obtained from the patient’s owner. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)