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Introduction: The assessment of the clonal spread of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nosocomial and communityacquired infections through characterization of the isolates is critical for tracking the evolution of the epidemics, implementing effective control measures, and preventing future outbreaks of MRSA. In this context, it is aimed with this study to determine the clonal relationships between the S. aureus isolates obtained from the patients receiving treatment in the intensive-care units of a state hospital in Turkey. Methodology: A total of 80 MRSA isolates obtained from the patients receiving treatment in three different intensive-care units were analyzed for their antibiotic susceptibilities, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, and multilocus sequence types. Results: The dendrogram of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles revealed two major pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes: A and B, which were further divided into two (A1 and A2) and four (B1-B4) subgroups, respectively. Multilocus sequence typeanalysis indicated that all isolates belonged to a single MRSA clone, sequence type 239. No significant difference was found between the antibiotic sensitivity profiles of strains isolated from different intensive-care units. All of the strains were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. Conclusions: It was concluded that the MRSA strains isolated from the patients receiving treatment at the intensive-care units of the hospital constituted two major pulse-field types and belonged to the ST239 lineage, one of the most extensively distributed MRSA lineages throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With this study, the detection of the resistance rates of A.baumannii strains isolated from the patients in the intensive care units to the antibiotics and the demonstration of the clonal relationship of the isolates with multi-drug resistant of the factor of nosocomial infection were aimed by using the method of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods: At the Medical Faculty Hospital of Yüzüncü Yıl University, 69 patients followed between January 2010-October 2011 at the Intensive Care Unit of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (ICUAR), Intensive Care Unit of Chest Diseases and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and July-November 2012 at ICUAR and the same number of isolates formed with A.baumanii, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) and diagnosis of Primary Bloodstream Infection (PBI) were enrolled to the study. Results: Of the 69 patients included in the study, 35 were men (50.7%) and 34 (49.3%) were women. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 86 years (mean age 54). 63 (91%) of the patients were diagnosed with VAP and 6 (9%) of them with PBI. At least two invasive interference had been performed to the all patients during the staying at the ICU. Urinary catheterization (100%), mechanical ventilation (94.2%) and peripheral venous catheterization (91.3%) were the most frequently performed invasive interferences. Antibiotic susceptibilities to imipenem, colistin and tigecycline were studied with the E-test and to the other antibiotics with the disk diffusion. Colistin was the most effective antibiotic for all of the strains (98.6%). Then, tigecycline (97.1%) and levofloxacin (69.6%) were in the second place. All of the strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and imipenem. With the PFGE analysis of A.baumannii isolates performed to the genomic DNA cut with ApaI, it was found that 62 of the 69 A.baumannii strains (89.9%) were within the cluster. These strains were located within 16 clusters. 7 of the strains (10.1%) showed the profiles of specific PFGE and 23 pulsotip were detected among the strains. Conclusion: Being high of clustering rate of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates and isolating the isolates in similar genotypes from the patients in different units is the indicator of these bacteria to be endemic situation in the ICUs of our hospital. If precautions are not taken, A. baumannii has been able to remain in the hospitals for many years and can be easily transmitted among the patients. Especially for the prevention of cross-contamination, the necessity and importance of infection control programs have once again emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is able to form a biofilm, has mostly been related to catheters when it is the agent in hospital infections; these infections generally present as bacteremia and pneumonia, which may progress with complications and result in death. Methodology: The study included 153 S. maltophilia strains isolated from clinical samples sent to our hospital laboratory between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2018. The bacteria were identified and their antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the VITEK-2 automated system. PFGE (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis): The strains isolated from 34 patient clinical samples and from 1 patient bedcover were taken for PFGE examination. Results: The TMP/SXT and levofloxacin sensitivity of 153 S. maltophilia strains was examined. TMP/SXT resistance was determined to be 39% and levofloxacin resistance at 5%. Among 35 S. maltophilia strains, seven genotypes were identified using the PFGE method. While three strains showed a specific genotype profile, the other 32 were determined to consist of four clusters. The cluster rate was therefore 91.4% (32/35). Conclusions: There was a clonal relationship between the vast majority of the 35 S. maltophilia isolates, which suggests that there was a crosscontamination problem in the hospital. One strain (#4) was identified by dendrogram analysis showed a high rate of similarity to the other strains and was determined to be the common source of the cross-contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]