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Median cystic fibrosis (CF) survival has increased dramatically over time due to several factors, including greater availability and use of antimicrobial therapies. During the progression of CF lung disease, however, the emergence of multidrug antimicrobial resistance can limit treatment effectiveness, threatening patient longevity. Current planktonic-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing lacks the ability to predict clinical response to antimicrobial treatment of chronic CF lung infections. There are numerous reasons for these limitations including bacterial phenotypic and genotypic diversity, polymicrobial interactions, and impaired antibiotic efficacy within the CF lung environment. The parallels to other chronic diseases such as non-CF bronchiectasis are discussed as well as research priorities for moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal update on Staphylococcus aureus prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns surveyd 291 cultures from 188 patients in a pediatric outpatient dermatology clinic with suspected skin and soft tissue infections. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remained stable at 24%. Staphylococcus aureus resistance to tetracyclines modestly but demonstrably increased in the interval since 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mycobacterium abscessus infection is associated with declining lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF), but there is little evidence on clinical efficacy to guide treatment. Methods Retrospective review of 37 CF patients treated for M. abscessus respiratory infection at a single center from 2006 to 2014. Outcomes included change in FEV 1 at 30, 60, 90, 180, and 365 days after treatment and clearance of M. abscessus from sputum cultures. Results Lung function was significantly improved after 30 and 60 days of treatment, but not at later time points. Gains were inversely related to starting lung function. Antibiotic choices did not influence outcomes except for greater clearance with clarithromycin. Conclusions Treatment of M. abscessus resulted in short term improvement in lung function that is inversely related to pre-treatment FEV 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]