Search

Background and Objectives: Microorganisms producing Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) are a threat and cause of concern as they have become one of the most feared resistance mechanisms. This study was designed to explore the prevalence of MBL production in clinical isolates of Gram negative bacteria using phenotypic MBL detection. Materials and Methods: A total of 248 isolates were collected from various clinical samples and were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and MBL production. All strains were screened for MBL production using Double Disk Confirmatory Test (DDCT). Results: The results of screening for MBL production using phenotypic disk diffusion method showed that in the 85 isolates were carbapenemase positive; including, 10 (16.1%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 (14.5%) Escherichia coli, 58 (93.6%) Acinetobacter baumannii, and 8 (12.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Also, 83 (97.6) Carbapenemase-producing isolates were resistant to at least four classes of antimicrobials (MDR). Conclusion: A. baumannii was the most common carbapenem resistant bacterium in medical centers in Kermanshah. Significant multiple drug resistance (MDR) incidence was observed compared to different classes of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their rapid spread threaten public health. This study aimed to determine the frequency of genes encoding Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in gramnegative bacteria in Kermanshah city, west of Iran. Materials and Methods: Identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of 165 isolates were performed by biochemical and disk diffusion methods, respectively. Screening and confirming the presence of ESBL genes were performed according to the double disk combination test (DDCT) method. The presence of genes encoding ESBL in each isolate was identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: Out of 165 isolates, 83 strains were resistant to all antibiotics. The lowest frequency of resistance was observed for Gentamicin, while the highest frequency was observed for Cefotaxime and Cefazolin. Among all strains, 50 (30.30 %) and 80 (48.48%) isolates were phenotypically and genotypically ESBL-positive, respectively. The most prevalent genes encoding ESBL were SHVOS and SHV-1, with a frequency of 20.61 % and 21.82 %, respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of producing ESBL bacteria and the prevalence of blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes in our studied Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates were high. However, unlike some previous reports from Kermanshah, the prevalence of ESBL-encoding genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was low, and the blaVEB gene was not found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacteria are among the most important healththreatening challenges of the current century, particularly following the emergence and spreading of antibiotic-resistance strains. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), one of the most important antibiotic resistance mechanisms, is spreading worldwide. Surveillance and gathering data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and their associated encoding genes could assist in selecting treatment strategies and policies. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to assess the prevalence of ESBL-positive bacteria and their resistance genes in medical centers of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. Materials and Methods: All studies published as original articles were retrieved by searching in EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Persian databases of SID and Magiran, using appropriate keywords All published studies in the field were included without time restriction until 30-Mar-2022. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-positive and multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria in Kermanshah medical centers were 34.8% and 56.1%, respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of ESBL-positive bacteria was observed for Enterobacter cloacae (59.14%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.55%), respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of the resistance genes were observed for blaOXA-51 (99.3%) and blaKPC (0.6%), respectively. The highest resistance was estimated to mezlocillin antibiotic (92.2%). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of ESBL-positive and MDR bacteria is high in Kermanshah medical centers, and it provides significant information to health policymakers to implement appropriate strategies to reduce the prevalence of resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Enterobacter species are among one of the key causes of hospital infections. The transfer of drug resistance genes through the integrons promotes the development of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class I and II Integrons among MDR Enterobacter cloacae isolates obtained from clinical samples of children in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done during 11 month period from October 2016 to September 2017, 72 isolates of E.cloacae were collected from children under 15 years of age in Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. After confirmation of the isolates with biochemical specific tests, their antibiotic susceptibility with disk diffusion was examined. Then the frequency of Class I and II integrons was determined by using their specific primers and by PCR method. Data was analysed by SPSS software version 20 and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The highest and lowest frequency of isolates were in blood samples 29 (40.3%) and CSF 2 (2.8%) respectively. From the 72 isolates of E.cloacae, 54 isolates (75%) were MDR. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against Ampicillinclavulanic acid (94.4%) and Cefalexin (69.4%), whereas the lowest antibiotic resistance was to Imipenem (9.7%) and Colistin (6.9%). Genotypically, the frequency of class I integron was 42 (58.3%), but none of the isolates had class II integron. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrates that E.cloacae isolated from children, in addition to the high frequency of MDR isolates, the prevalence of isolates with integron is expanding. Therefore, keeping with the role of integrons in resistance to different antibiotics, it is necessary to pay greater attention to identify them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]