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One of the dangerous pathogens that display high resistance to antibiotics is Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), which infects humans and animals. In this study, a new approach was proposed to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with adding the phage ZCSE6. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by analysis of spectroscopy profile of the UV–Vis, visualize the morphology, and size with transmission electron microscopy. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. In addition, the AgNPs were able to control the biofilm formation of S. enterica, also, heavy metals detection by AgNPs and their application in milk. UV–Vis spectra showed a surface resonance peak of 400 and 430 nm corresponding to the formation of AgNPs capping with Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L., respectively. The MIC and MBC values were 6.25 µg/ml to inhibit the growth of S. enterica and 12.5 µg/ml from killing the bacteria and it was decreased to 1.5 µg/ml when combined with the phage. In the present study, AgNPs were combined with phage ZCSE6 to obtain a synergetic antimicrobial activity. Moreover, it increases the milk's shelf-life and senses the Cd2+ at a concentration of 1 mM in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) was done by Ocimum basilicum. • Various techniques were conducted to characterize the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs. • The ZnO-NPs were safe for phage in the concentration that kills the Salmonella. • The ZnO-NPs had shown a synergetic antibacterial activity when combined with phage. • The ZnO-NPs showed biofilm inhibition that can be formed by Staphylococcus bacteria. The current study illustrates the synergetic effect of both environment-friendly green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) of Ocimum basilicum extract using the bio-reduction process and bacteriophages (phage) to control pathogenic bacteria. Ocimum basilicum has various phytochemical compounds that were responsible for the formation of ZnO-NPs. In addition, the phage ZCSE6, as a biological material, has a bacteriolytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. The spectrum of UV–Vis indicated a corresponding ZnO-NPs peak at 370 nm. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) showed irregular particles in shape with 10–25 nm in size. Furthermore, the ZnO-NPs displayed biofilm deformation that can be formed by Staphylococcus sciuri (S. sciuri). Moreover, it has a synergic antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) when combined with phage ZCSE6. This study reveals the antibacterial effect of using metallic and biological materials and their possible applications in the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]