1. Cashew apple byproduct: Gastroprotective effects of standardized extract.
- Author
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Goulart da Silva G, de Oliveira Braga LE, Souza de Oliveira EC, Valério Tinti S, de Carvalho JE, Goldoni Lazarini J, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, and Tasca Gois Ruiz AL
- Subjects
- Anacardic Acids chemistry, Anacardic Acids isolation & purification, Anacardic Acids pharmacology, Anacardic Acids therapeutic use, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal toxicity, Anti-Ulcer Agents therapeutic use, Aspirin toxicity, Carotenoids chemistry, Carotenoids isolation & purification, Carotenoids pharmacology, Carotenoids therapeutic use, Chemokine CXCL2 metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Gastric Mucosa drug effects, Glutathione metabolism, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Male, Peroxidase metabolism, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Protective Agents therapeutic use, Rats, Wistar, Stomach Ulcer chemically induced, Rats, Anacardium chemistry, Anti-Ulcer Agents pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Protective Agents pharmacology, Stomach Ulcer prevention & control
- Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The incidence of gastric mucosa lesions in the adult population has increased mainly due to the continued use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical tree, cultivated in several countries, whose barks, leaves and pseudofruit (cashew apple) are popularly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including gastric ulcer., Aim: Our study evaluated the potential gastroprotective effect of the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched aqueous extract (CAE), prepared from cashew apple pomace, in the dose-repeated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastric lesions model in rats., Material and Methods: After randomly distribution into five group (G1 - G5, n = 8 animals/group), male Wistar rats were daily treated with ASA solution (200 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, G2 - G5) or potable water (Satellite group, G1) during 14 days. From 8
th to 14th experimental day, rats in G3 - G5 groups were orally treated with CAE (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, respectively). Body weight was measured on 0, 7th and 14th day. On the 14th experimental day, all surviving animals were euthanized for macroscopic evaluation of the inner organs and stomach removal. After weighting, each stomach was properly prepared for biochemical analysis [myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione analysis (GSH), IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, TNF-α and IL-10 levels]., Results: At the most efficient dose (100 mg/kg, p.o.), CAE-treated animals showed a slight improvement in the macroscopic aspect of gastric mucosa associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduced levels of IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, and MPO activity besides increased levels of GSH (partially), and IL-10 in stomach tissues., Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched extract obtained from cashew apple pomace is a promising raw material for the development of herbal medicine and/or functional food supplements for the adjuvant treatment of NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcers., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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