1. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa
- Author
-
Elsabe J E de Kock, Louis A van der Hoven, Telsa de Lange, Olga Perovic, Venessa Maseko, Gloria De Gita, Lindy Gumede, Francois P Smuts, David A. Lewis, Valentia Kekana, Division of Medical Microbiology, and Faculty of Health Sciences
- Subjects
Sulfamethoxazole ,Drug resistance ,Levofloxacin ,Urine ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Trimethoprim ,South Africa ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Ciprofloxacin ,Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ,Enterococcus faecalis ,Urinary tract infection ,Drug Resistance, Microbial ,General Medicine ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Proteinuria ,Blood ,Nitrofurantoin ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Fluoroquinolones ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Therapeutics ,Fosfomycin ,Urinalysis ,Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ,Microbiology ,Rivers ,Cefixime ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Confidence Intervals ,Escherichia coli ,Humans ,Nitrites ,Cefuroxime ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Homo sapiens ,business.industry ,Amoxicillin ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,business ,Norfloxacin - Abstract
Background. Patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) frequently present to healthcare facilities in South Africa (SA). Aim. To provide information on UTI aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens. Methods. We recruited women with UTI-related symptoms, who tested positive for ≥2 urine dipstick criteria (proteinuria, blood, leucocytes or nitrites) at 1 public and 5 private primary healthcare facilities in 2011. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and mid-stream urine (MSU) specimens were cultured. UTI pathogens were Gram-stained and identified to species level. Etest-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefixime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Results. Of the 460 women recruited, 425 MSU samples were processed and 204 UTI pathogens were identified in 201 samples. Most pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) (182; 89.2%) and 22 (10.8%) were Gram-positive cocci (GPC). Escherichia coli was the most frequent GNB (160; 79.6%), while Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant GPC (8; 4.0%). The UTI pathogens had similar susceptibility profiles for fosfomycin (95.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 92.6 - 98.4), the 3 fluoroquinolones (94.1%; 95% CI 90.8 - 97.4), nitrofurantoin (91.7%; 95% CI 87.8 - 95.6), cefuroxime (90.1%; 95% CI 86.0 - 94.3) and cefixime (88.2%; 95% CI 83.7 - 92.6). UTI pathogens were less susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (82.8%; 95% CI 77.5 - 88.0) when compared with fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin. Trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole was the least efficacious antimicrobial agent (44.3% susceptible; 95% CI 37.4 - 51.2). Conclusion. This study provides relevant data for the empirical treatment of community-acquired UTIs in SA.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF