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1. It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway: a worldwide cross-sectional survey.

Author

Sartelli M, Labricciosa FM, Coccolini F, Coimbra R, Abu-Zidan FM, Ansaloni L, Al-Hasan MN, Ansari S, Barie PS, Caínzos MA, Ceresoli M, Chiarugi M, Claridge JA, Cicuttin E, Dellinger EP, Fry DE, Guirao X, Hardcastle TC, Hecker A, Leppäniemi AK, Litvin A, Marwah S, Maseda E, Mazuski JE, Memish ZA, Kirkpatrick AW, Pagani L, Podda M, Rasa HK, Sakakushev BE, Sawyer RG, Tumietto F, Xiao Y, Aboubreeg WF, Adamou H, Akhmeteli L, Akin E, Alberio MG, Alconchel F, Magagi IA, Araúz AB, Argenio G, Atanasov BC, Atici SD, Awad SS, Baili E, Bains L, Bala M, Baraket O, Baral S, Belskii VA, Benboubker M, Ben-Ishay O, Bordoni P, Boumédiène A, Brisinda G, Cavazzuti L, Chandy SJ, Chiarello MM, Cillara N, Clarizia G, Cocuz ME, Cocuz IG, Conti L, Coppola R, Cui Y, Czepiel J, D'Acapito F, Damaskos D, Das K, De Simone B, Delibegovic S, Demetrashvili Z, Detanac DS, Dhingra S, Di Bella S, Dimitrov EN, Dogjani A, D'Oria M, Dumitru IM, Elmangory MM, Enciu O, Fantoni M, Filipescu D, Fleres F, Foghetti D, Fransvea P, Gachabayov M, Galeiras R, Gattuso G, Ghannam WM, Ghisetti V, Giraudo G, Gonfa KB, Gonullu E, Hamad YTEY, Hecker M, Isik A, Ismail N, Ismail A, Jain SA, Kanj SS, Kapoor G, Karaiskos I, Kavalakat AJ, Kenig J, Khamis F, Khokha V, Kiguba R, Kim JI, Kobe Y, Kok KYY, Kovacevic BM, Kryvoruchko IA, Kuriyama A, Landaluce-Olavarria A, Lasithiotakis K, Lohsiriwat V, Lostoridis E, Luppi D, Vega GMM, Maegele M, Marinis A, Martines G, Martínez-Pérez A, Massalou D, Mesina C, Metan G, Miranda-Novales MG, Mishra SK, Mohamed MIH, Mohamedahmed AYY, Mora-Guzmán I, Mulita F, Musina AM, Navsaria PH, Negoi I, Nita GE, O'Connor DB, Ordoñez CA, Pantalone D, Panyko A, Papadopoulos A, Pararas N, Pata F, Patel T, Pellino G, Perra T, Perrone G, Pesce A, Pintar T, Popivanov GI, Porcu A, Quiodettis MA, Rahim R, Mitul AR, Reichert M, Rems M, Campbell GYR, Rocha-Pereira N, Rodrigues G, Villamil GER, Rossi S, Sall I, Kafil HS, Sasia D, Seni J, Seretis C, Serradilla-Martín M, Shelat VG, Siribumrungwong B, Slavchev M, Solaini L, Tan BK, Tarasconi A, Tartaglia D, Toma EA, Tomadze G, Toro A, Tovani-Palone MR, van Goor H, Vasilescu A, Vereczkei A, Veroux M, Weckmann SA, Widmer LW, Yahya A, Zachariah SK, Zakaria AD, Zubareva N, Zuidema WP, Di Carlo I, Cortese F, Baiocchi GL, Maier RV, and Catena F

Subjects
Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Models, Organizational, Pandemics prevention & control, Anti-Infective Agents, COVID-19
Abstract

Background: The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness., Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days., Results: Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations., Conclusion: Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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3. A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

Author

Sartelli, M., Kluger, Y., Ansaloni, L., Carlet, J., Brink, A., Hardcastle, T. C., Khanna, A., Chicom-Mefire, A., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Nathwani, D., Mendelson, M., Watkins, R. R., Pulcini, C., Beović, B., May, A. K., Itani, K. M. F., Mazuski, J. E., Fry, D. E., Coccolini, F., Rasxa, K., Montravers, P., Eckmann, C., Abbo, L. M., Abubakar, S., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Adesunkanmi, A. K., Al-Hasan, M. N., Althani, A. A., Ticas, J. E. A., Ansari, S., Ansumana, R., Da Silva, A. R. A. , Augustin, G. , Bala, M. , Balogh, Z. J. , Baraket, O. , Bassetti, M. , Bellanova, G. , Beltran, M. A. , Ben-Ishay, O. , Boermeester, M. A. , Brecher, S. M. , Bueno, J. , Cainzos, M. A. , Cairns, K. , Camacho-Ortiz, A. , Ceresoli, M. , Chandy, S. J. , Cherry-Bukowiec, J. R. , Cirocchi, R. , Colak, E. , Corcione, A. , Cornely, O. A. , Cortese, F. , Cui, Y. , Curcio, D. , Damaskos, D. , Dasx, K. , Delibegovic, S. , Demetrashvili, Z. be, De Simone, B. bf, De Souza, H. P. bg, De Waele, J. bh, Dhingra, S. bi, Diaz, J. J. bj, Di Carlo, I. bk, Di Marzo, F. bl, DI TOMASO, SAVERIO, S. , Dogjani, A. , Dorj, G. , Dortet, L. , Duane, T. M. , Dupont, H. , Egiev, V. N. , Eid, H. O. , Elmangory, El-Sayed Marei, H. , Enani, M. A. , Escandón-Vargas, K. , Faro, M. P. , J.r., Ferrada, P., Foghetti, D., Foianini, E., Fraga, G. P., Frattima, S., Gandhi, C., Gattuso, G., Giamarellou, E., Ghnnam, W., Gkiokas, G., Girardis, M., Goff, D. A., Gomes, C. A., Gomi, H., Gronerth, R. I. G., Guirao, X., Guzman-Blanco, M., Haque, M., Hecker, A., Hell, M., Herzog, T., Hicks, L., Kafka-Ritsch, R., Kao, L. S., Kanj, S. S., Kaplan, L. J., Kapoor, G., Karamarkovic, A., Kashuk, J., Kenig, J., Khamis, F., Khokha, V., Kiguba, R., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Kørner, H., Koike, K., Kok, K. Y. Y., Kon, K., Kong, V., Inaba, K., Ioannidis, O., Isik, A., Iskandar, K., Labbate, M., Labricciosa, F. M., Lagrou, K., Lagunes, L., Latifi, R., Lasithiotakis, K., Laxminarayan, R., Lee, J. G., Leone, M., Leppäniemi, A., Li, Y., Liang, S. Y., Liau, K. -.H., Litvin, A., Loho, T., Lowman, W., Machain, G. Mf, Maier, R. V., Manzano-Nunez, R., Marinis, A., Marmorale, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Marwah, S., Maseda, E., McFarlane, M., BEZERRA DE MELO PEREIRA NUNES, CINTIA, R. , Melotti, R. , Memish, Z. , Mertz, D. , Mesina, C. , Menichetti, F. , Mishra, S. K. , Montori, G. , Moore, E. E. , Moore, F. A. , Naidoo, NAPOLITANO, NELLO, L. , Negoi, I. , Nicolau, D. P. , Nikolopoulos, I. , Nord, C. E. , Ofori-Asenso, R. , Olaoye, I. , Omari, A. H. , Ordoñez, C. A. , Ouadii, M. , Ouedraogo, A. , Pagani, L. , Paiva, J. A. , Parreira, J. G. , Pata, F. fm, Pereira, J., Pereira, N. R., Petrosillo, N., Picetti, E., Pintar, T., Ponce-De-Leon, A., Popovski, Z., Poulakou, G., Preller, J., Guerrero, A. P., Pupelis, G., Quiodettis, M., Rawson, T. M., Reichert, M., Reinhart, K., Rems, M., Rello, J., Rizoli, S., ROBERTS, HENRI JOHAN EDUARD, Rubio-Perez, I., Ruppé, E., Sakakushev, B., Sall, I., Kafil, H. S. j, Sanders, J., Sato, N., Sawyer, R. G., T. , Scibé, R. , Scudeller, L. , Lohse, H. S. , Sganga, G. , Shafiq, N. , Shah, J. N. , Spigaglia, P. , Suroowan, S. , Tsioutis, C. , Sifri, C. D. , Siribumrungwong, B. , Sugrue, M. , Talving, P. , Tan, B. K. , Tarasconi, A. , Tascini, C. , Tilsed, J. , Timsit, J. -.F. , Tumbarello, M. , Trung, N. T. , Ulrych, J. , Uranues, S. , Velmahos, G. , Vereczkei, A. G. , Viale, P. , Estape, J. V. , Viscoli, C. , Wagenlehner, F. , Wright, B. J. , Xiao, Y. , Yuan, K. -.C. , Zachariah, S. K. , Zahar, J. R. , Mergulhão, P. , Catena, Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Internal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Klinik I für Innere Medizin und Zentrum für Klinische Studien (ZKS) 01KN0706, Universitätsklinikum Köln (Uniklinik Köln), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hartford Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Instituto Nacional de matematica pura e aplicada, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Departmet of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph (hpsj), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Sartelli, Massimo, Kluger, Yoram, Ansaloni, Luca, Carlet, Jean, Dorj, Gereltuya, Catena, Fausto, [Sartelli, Massimo] Macerata Hosp, Dept Surg, Macerata, Italy, [Scibe, Rodolfo] Macerata Hosp, Dept Surg, Macerata, Italy, [Kluger, Yoram] Rambam Hlth Care Campus, Dept Gen Surg, Div Surg, Haifa, Israel, [Ben-Ishay, Ofir] Rambam Hlth Care Campus, Dept Gen Surg, Div Surg, Haifa, Israel, [Ansaloni, Luca] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Coccolini, Federico] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Ceresoli, Marco] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Montori, Giulia] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Carlet, Jean] World Alliance Antibiot Resistance, Paris, France, [Brink, Adrian] Milpark Hosp, Ampath Natl Lab Serv, Dept Clin Microbiol, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Brink, Adrian] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cape Town, South Africa, [Hardcastle, Timothy C.] Inkosi Albert Luthuli Cent Hosp, Trauma Serv, Durban, South Africa, [Hardcastle, Timothy C.] Nelson R Mandela Sch Clin Med, Dept Surg, Durban, South Africa, [Khanna, Ashish] Ctr Crit Care, Anaesthesiol Inst, Cleveland, OH USA, [Khanna, Ashish] Cleveland Clin, Dept Outcomes Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, [Chicom-Mefire, Alain] Univ Buea, Dept Surg & Obstet Gynaecol, Buea, Cameroon, [Foianini, Esteban] Univ Buea, Dept Surg & Obstet Gynaecol, Buea, Cameroon, [Rodriguez-Bano, Jesus] Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena & Virge del Rocio IbiS, Unidad Clin Interctr Enfermedades Infecciosas Mic, Seville, Spain, [Rodriguez-Bano, Jesus] Univ Seville, Dept Med, Seville, Spain, [Nathwani, Dilip] Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland, [Mendelson, Marc] Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cape Town, South Africa, [Watkins, Richard R.] Cleveland Clin Akron Gen, Div Infect Dis, Akron, OH USA, [Watkins, Richard R.] Northeast Ohio Med Univ, Rootstown, OH USA, [Pulcini, Celine] Lorraine Univ, EA APEMAC 4360, Nancy, France, [Pulcini, Celine] Nancy Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Dept, Nancy, France, [Beovic, Bojana] Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [Beovic, Bojana] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [May, Addison K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Nashville, TN USA, [Itani, Kamal M. F.] Boston Univ, Dept Surg, VA Boston Hlth Care Syst, Boston, MA 02215 USA, [Itani, Kamal M. F.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA, [Mazuski, John E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Fry, Donald E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA, [Fry, Donald E.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA, [Rasa, Kemal] Anadolu Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Kocaali, Turkey, [Montravers, Philippe] Bichat Claude Bernard Univ Hosp, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Cite Univ, Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, HUPNSV, Paris, France, [Eckmann, Christian] Hannover Med Sch, Acad Hosp, Dept Gen Visceral & Thorac Surg, Peine, Germany, [Abbo, Lilian M.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Jackson Hlth Syst, Div Infect Dis, Miami, FL 33136 USA, [Abbo, Lilian M.] Bayero Univ, Dept Nursing Sci, Kano, Nigeria, [Abubakar, Salisu] UAE Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates, [Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.] Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ife, Nigeria, [Al-Hasan, Majdi N.] Univ South Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Columbia, SC USA, [Althani, Asma A.] Qatar Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Doha, Qatar, [Marei, Hany El-Sayed] Qatar Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Doha, Qatar, [Ticas, Jorge Eduardo Alvarenga] Hosp Nacl Ros, Emergency Unit, San Salvador, El Salvador, [Ansari, Shamshul] Oita Univ, Dept Environm & Prevent Med, Fac Med, Oita, Japan, [Ansari, Shamshul] Chitwan Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Bharatpur, Nepal, [Ansumana, Rashid] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Neglected Trop Dis, Bo, Sierra Leone, [Ansumana, Rashid] Njala Univ, Mercy Hosp, Res Lab, Bo, Sierra Leone, [Araujo da Silva, Andre Ricardo] Prontobaby Hosp Crianca, Infect Control Comm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, [Augustin, Goran] Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, Zagreb, Croatia, [Bala, Miklosh] Hadassah Hebrew Univ Med Ctr, Trauma & Acute Care Surg Unit, Jerusalem, Israel, [Balogh, Zsolt J.] John Hunter Hosp, Dept Traumatol, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, [Balogh, Zsolt J.] Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, [Baraket, Oussema] Bizerte Hosp, Dept Surg, Bizerte, Tunisia, [Bassett, Matteo] Santa Maria Misericordia Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Div, Udine, Italy, [Bellanova, Giovanni] SS Annunziata Hosp, Dept Surg, Taranto, Italy, [Beltran, Marcelo A.] Hosp San Juan Dios, Dept Gen Surg, La Serena, Chile, [Biffl, Walter L.] Queens Med Ctr, Acute Care Surg, Honolulu, HI USA, [Boermeester, Marja A.] Acad Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Brecher, Stephen M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, VA Boston HealthCare Syst, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA, [Brecher, Stephen M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA, [Bueno, Juan] Fdn Ctr Invest Bioprospecc & Biotecnol Biodivers, Barranquilla, Colombia, [Cainzos, Miguel A.] Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Surg, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, [Cairns, Kelly] Alfred Hlth, Pharm Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian] Hosp Univ Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Dis, Monterrey, Mexico, [Chandy, Sujith J.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Pharmacol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, [Cherry-Bukowiec, Jill R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [Cirocchi, Roberto] Univ Perugia, Dept Gen & Oncol Surg, Terni, Italy, [Colak, Elif] Hlth Sci Univ, Samsun Training & Res Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Samsun, Turkey, [Corcione, Antonio] AORN Colli Vincenzo Monaldi Hosp, Anesthesia & Intens Care Unit, Naples, Italy, [Cornely, Oliver A.] Univ Cologne, German Ctr Infect Res DZIF, Dept Internal Med 1, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, Cologne, Germany, [Cortese, Francesco] San Filippo Neris Hosp, Emergency Surg Unit, Rome, Italy, [Cui, Yunfeng] Tianjin Med Univ, Tianjin Nankai Hosp, Dept Surg, Nankai Clin Sch Med, Tianjin, Peoples R China, [Curcio, Daniel] Buenos Aires Univ, Infectol Inst SRL, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina, [Damaskos, Dimitris] Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust, Dept Surg, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Das, Koray] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Dept Surg, Adana, Turkey, [Delibegovic, Samir] Univ Clin Ctr Tuzla, Dept Surg, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herceg, [Deme-Trashvili, Zaza] Kipshidze Cent Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Tbilisi, Georgia, [De Simone, Belinda] Cannes Hosp, Dept Digest Surg, Cannes, France, [de Souza, Hamilton Petry] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, [De Waele, Jan] Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Crit Care Med, Ghent, Belgium, [Dhingra, Sameer] Univ West Indies, Eric Williams Med Sci Complex, Sch Pharm, Fac Med Sci, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad Tobago, [Diaz, Jose J.] Univ Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg, Program Trauma, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, [Di Carlo, Isidoro] Univ Catania, Cannizzaro Hosp, Dept Surg Sci, Catania, Italy, [Di Marzo, Francesco] Versilia Hosp, Gen Surg, Usl Nordovest, Tuscany, Italy, [Di Saverio, Salomone] Maggiore Hosp, Dept Surg, Bologna, Italy, [Dogjani, Agron] Univ Hosp Trauma, Dept Surg, Tirana, Albania, [Dorj, Gereltuya] Mongolian Natl Univ Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, [Dortet, Laurent] Paris Sud Univ, Bicetre Hosp, Dept Microbiol, La Kremlin Bicetre, France, [Duane, Therese M.] John Peter Smith Hlth Network, Dept Surg, Ft Worth, TX USA, [Dupont, Herve] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Amiens Picardie, Dept Anesthesie Reanimat, Amiens, France, [Dupont, Herve] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, INSERM, U1088, Amiens, France, [Egiev, Valery N.] Pirogov Russian Natl Res Med Univ, Dept Surg, Moscow, Russia, [Eid, Hani O.] Al Ain Hosp, Mediclin Middle East, Dept Emergency Med, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates, [Elmangory, Mutasim] Fed Minist Hlth, Sudan Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Khartoum, Sudan, [Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz] King Fahad Med City, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [Escandon-Vargas, Kevin] Univ Valle, Escuela Med, Fac Salud, Cali, Colombia, [Faro Junior, Mario P.] ABC Med Sch, Dept Gen Surg Trauma, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, [Faro Junior, Mario P.] ABC Med Sch, Emergency Surg Div, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, [Ferrada, Paula] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, Richmond, VA USA, [Foghetti, Domitilla] Pesaro Hosp, Dept Surg, Pesaro, Italy, Clin Foianini, Dept Surg, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, [Fraga, Gustavo P.] Univ Campinas Unicamp, Sch Med Sci, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Surg, Campinas, SP, Brazil, [Frattima, Sabrina] Ist Clin San Rocco Franciacorta, Brescia, Italy, [Gandhi, Chinmay] Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed Univ Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Surg, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, [Gattuso, Gianni] C Poma Hosp, Infect Dis Dept, Mantua, Italy, [Giamarellou, Eleni] Hygeia Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med 6, Athens, Greece, [Ghnnam, Wagih] Mansoura Univ, Mansoura Fac Med, Dept Gen Surg, Mansoura, Egypt, [Gkiokas, George] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Aretaieion Univ Hosp, Dept Surg 2, Athens, Greece, [Girardis, Massimo] Modena Univ Hosp, Intens Care Unit, Modena, Italy, [Goff, Debbie A.] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA, [Gomes, Carlos Augusto] Hosp Univ Terezinha Jesus, Dept Surg, Fac Ciencias Med & Saude Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil, [Gomi, Harumi] Univ Tsukuba, Mito Kyodo Gen Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan, [Guerra Gronerth, Rosio Isabel] Peruvian Navy Med Ctr, Lima, Peru, [Guirao, Xavier] Parc Tauli Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Unit Endocrine Head & Neck Surg, Sabadell, Spain, [Guirao, Xavier] Parc Tauli Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Unit Surg Infect Support, Sabadell, Spain, [Guzman-Blanco, Manuel] Hosp Privado Ctr Med Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, [Guzman-Blanco, Manuel] Hosp Vargas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, [Haque, Mainul] Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Natl Def Univ Malaysia, Unit Pharmacol, Fac Med & Def Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [Reichert, Martin] Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Natl Def Univ Malaysia, Unit Pharmacol, Fac Med & Def Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [Hecker, Andreas] Univ Hosp Giessen, Dept Gen & Thorac Surg, Giessen, Germany, [Hell, Markus] Paracelsus Med Univ, Acad Teaching Lab, Clin Microbiol & Infect Control, MEDILAB Dr Mustafa Dr Richter OG, Salzburg, Austria, [Herzog, Torsten] Ruhr Univ Bochum, St Josef Hosp, Dept Surg, Bochum, Germany, [Hicks, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA, [Kafka-Ritsch, Reinhold] Innsbruck Med Univ, Dept Visceral Transplant & Thorac Surg, Innsbruck, Austria, [Kao, Lillian S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA, [Kanj, Souha S.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Beirut, Lebanon, [Kaplan, Lewis J.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Kapoor, Garima] Gandhi Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Bhopal, India, [Karamarkovic, Aleksandar] Univ Belgrade, Clin Emergency Surg, Med Fac, Belgrade, Serbia, [Kashuk, Jeffry] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Surg, Assia Med Grp, Sackler Sch Med, Tel Aviv, Israel, [Kenig, Jakub] Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Gen Surg 3, Krakow, Poland, [Khamis, Faryal] Royal Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Muscat, Oman, [Khokha, Vladimir] City Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Mozyr, BELARUS, [Kiguba, Ronald] Makerere Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda, [Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.] Foothills Med Ctr, Gen Acute Care Abdominal Wall Reconstruct & Traum, Calgary, AB, Canada, [Korner, Hartwig] Stavanger Univ Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Stavanger, Norway, [Koike, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Primary Care & Emergency Med, Kyoto, Japan, [Kok, Kenneth Y. Y.] Brunei Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Jerudong Pk, Jerudong, Brunei, [Kon, Kateryna] Kharkiv Natl Med Univ, Dept Microbiol Virol & Immunol, Kharkov, Ukraine, [Kong, Victor] Edendale Hosp, Dept Surg, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, [Inaba, Kenji] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles Cty & Univ So Cali fornia Med Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg & Surg Crit Care, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA, [Ioannidis, Orestis] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Gen Hosp G Papanikolaou, Surg Dept 4, Med Sch, Thessaloniki, Greece, [Isik, Arda] Erzincan Univ, Dept Gen Surg, Fac Med, Erzincan, Turkey, [Iskandar, Katia] Lebanese Int Univ, Dept Pharm, Beirut, Lebanon, [Labbate, Maurizio] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Labbate, Maurizio] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst I3, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Labricciosa, Francesco M.] UNIVPM, Dept Biomed Sci & Publ Hlth, Unit Hyg Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Ancona, Italy, [Lagrou, Katrien] Univ Hosp Leuven, Clin Dept Lab Med, Leuven, Belgium, [Lagrou, Katrien] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Leuven, Belgium, [Lagunes, Leonel] Hosp Cent Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, [Latifi, Rifat] Univ Arizona, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Tucson, AZ USA, [Lasithiotakis, Kostas] York Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Surg, York, N Yorkshire, England, [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, Washington, DC USA, [Lee, Jae Gil] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Seoul, South Korea, [Leone, Marc] Aix Marseille Univ, Hop Nord, AP HM, Dept Anaesthesiol & Crit Care, Marseille, France, [Leppaniemi, Ari] Univ Hosp Meilahti, Abdominal Ctr, Helsinki, Finland, [Li, Yousheng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Peoples Hosp 9, Dept Surg, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Liang, Stephen Y.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Div Emergency Med, St Louis, MO USA, [Liau, Kui-Hin] Natl Univ Singapore, Mt Elizabeth Novena Hosp, Singapore & Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Surg,Liau KH Consulting, Singapore, Singapore, [Litvin, Andrey] Immanuel Kant Balt Fed Univ, Surg Disciplines, Reg Clin Hosp, Kaliningrad, Russia, [Loho, Tonny] Univ Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Div Infect Dis,Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia, [Lowman, Warren] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Vermaak Partners Pathcare Pathologists, Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis,Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Lowman, Warren] Wits Donald Gordon Med Ctr, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Machain, Gustavo M.] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Dept Surg, Asuncion, Paraguay, [Segovia Lohse, Helmut] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Dept Surg, Asuncion, Paraguay, [Maier, Ronald V.] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, [Manzano-Nunez, Ramiro] Fdn Valle Lili, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia, [Marinis, Athanasios] Tzane Gen Hosp, Dept Surg 1, Piraeus, Greece, [Marmorale, Cristina] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept Surg, Ancona, Italy, [Martin-Loeches, Ignacio] St James Univ Hosp, Trin Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Med, Wellcome Trust HRB Clin Res,MICRO, Dublin, Ireland, [Marwah, Sanjay] Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Surg, Rohtak, Haryana, India, [Maseda, Emilio] Hosp Univ La Paz Madrid, Serv Anestesia & Reanimac, Madrid, Spain, [McFarlane, Michael] Univ Hosp West Indies, Dept Surg Radiol, Kingston, Jamaica, [de Melo, Renato Bessa] Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Gen Surg Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Melotti, Maria Rita] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Anesthesiol & Intens Care, Bologna, Italy, [Memish, Ziad] Minist Hlth, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hosp, Dept Med, Infect Dis Div, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [Mertz, Dominik] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Mertz, Dominik] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Mesina, Cristian] Emergency Hosp Craiova, Surg Clin 2, Craiova, Romania, [Menichetti, Francesco] Univ Hosp Pisa, Infect Dis Unit, Pisa, Italy, [Mishra, Shyam Kumar] Tribhuvan Univ, Teaching Hosp, Inst Med, Dept Microbiol, Kathmandu, Nepal, [Moore, Ernest E.] Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Denver, CO 80202 USA, [Moore, Frederick A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Gainesville, FL USA, [Moore, Frederick A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Ctr Sepsis & Crit Illness Res, Gainesville, FL USA, [Naidoo, Noel] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Surg, Durban, South Africa, [Napolitano, Lena] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [Negoi, Ionut] Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania, [Nicolau, David P.] Ctr Anti Infect Res & Dev, Hartford, CT USA, [Nikolopoulos, Ioannis] Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, Dept Gen Surg, London, England, [Nord, Carl Erik] Karolinska Univ, Huddinge Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Ofori-Asenso, Richard] Hlth Policy Consult, Res Unit, Weija, Accra, Ghana, [Olaoye, Iyiade] Univ Ilorin, Teaching Hosp, Dept Surg, Ilorin, Nigeria, [Omari, Abdelkarim H.] King Abdullah Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Irbid, Jordan, [Ordonez, Carlos A.] Univ Valle, Fdn Valle Lili, Dept Surg & Crit Care, Cali, Colombia, [Ouadii, Mouaqit] Sidi Mohamed Benabdellah Univ, Hassan Univ Hosp 2, Dept Surg, Med Sch Fez, Fes, Morocco, [Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam] CHU Souro Sanou, Bacteriol & Virol Dept, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, [Pagani, Leonardo] Bolzano Cent Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Bolzano, Italy, [Paiva, Jose Artur] Univ Porto, Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Intens Care Med Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Mergulhao, Paulo] Univ Porto, Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Intens Care Med Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Parreira, Jose Gustavo] Santa Casa Sao Paulo Sch Med Sci, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Pata, Francesco] St Antonio Abate Hosp, Dept Surg, Gallarate, Italy, [Pereira, Jorge] Ctr Hosp Tondela Viseu, Surg Unit 1, Viseu, Portugal, [Pereira, Nuno R.] Sao Joao Hosp Ctr, Ctr Hosp Epidemiol, Unit Prevent & Infect Control, Porto, Portugal, [Petrosillo, Nicola] INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Picetti, Edoardo] Univ Parma, Azienda Osped, Dept Anesthesia & Intens Care, Parma, Italy, [Pintar, Tadeja] UMC Ljubljana, Dept Surg, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [Ponce-de-Leon, Alfredo] Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Infect Dis, Lab Clin Microbiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, [Popovski, Zagorka] Hamilton Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Popovski, Zagorka] London Hlth Sci, London, ON, Canada, [Poulakou, Garyphallia] Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Med Sch, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Internal Med 4, Athens, Greece, [Poulakou, Garyphallia] Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Med Sch, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Infect Dis Unit, Athens, Greece, [Preller, Jacobus] Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, John Farman Intens Care Unit, Cambridge, England, [Guerrero, Adrian Puello] Univ Autonoma Santo Domingo, Inst Nacl Canc Rosa Tavares INCART, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep, [Pupelis, Guntars] Riga East Univ Hosp Gailezers, Dept Gen & Emergency Surg, Riga, Latvia, [Quiodettis, Martha] Hosp Santo Tomas, Dept Trauma, Panama City, Panama, [Rawson, Timothy M.] Natl Inst Hlth Res, Imperial Coll London, Hlth Protect Res Unit Healthcare Associated Infec, Hammersmith Campus, London, England, [Reinhart, Konrad] Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Jena, Thuringen, Germany, [Rems, Miran] Jesenice Gen Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Jesenice, Slovenia, [Rello, Jordi] VHIR, Dept Clin Res & Innovat Pneumonia & Sepsis, Barcelona, Spain, [Rizoli, Sandro] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Trauma & Acute Care Serv, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Roberts, Jason] Univ Queensland, Fac Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia, [Rubio-Perez, Ines] La Paz Univ Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Colorectal Surg Unit, Madrid, Spain, [Ruppc, Etienne] Bichat Claude Bernard Univ Hosp, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Univ, Serv Bacteriol, HUPNSV, Paris, France, [Sakakushev, Boris] Univ Hosp St George, Med Univ, Gen Surg Dept, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, [Sall, Ibrahima] Mil Teaching Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Dakar, Senegal, [Kafil, Hossein Samadi] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Drug Appl Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran, [Sanders, James] JPS Hlth Network, Ft Worth, TX USA, [Sato, Norio] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Aeromed Serv Emergency & Trauma Care, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan, [Sawyer, Robert G.] Western Michigan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA, [Scalea, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Trauma Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, [Scudeller, Luigia] IRCCS Policlin San Matteo Fdn, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Pavia, Italy, [Sganga, Gabriele] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Policlin A Gemelli, Dept Surg, Rome, Italy, [Shafiq, Nusrat] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pharmacol, Chandigarh, India, [Shah, Jay N.] Patan Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Surg Patan Hosp, Kathmandu, Nepal, [Spigaglia, Patrizia] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Suroowan, Shanoo] Univ Mauritius, Dept Hlth Sci, Fac Sci, Reduit, Mauritius, [Tsioutis, Constantinos] European Univ Cyprus, Sch Med, Nicosia, Cyprus, [Sifri, Costi D.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Off Hosp Epidemiol Infect Prevent & Control, Charlottesville, VA USA, [Siribumrungwong, Boonying] Thammasat Univ Hosp, Thammasat Univ, Dept Surg, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand, [Sugrue, Michael] Letterkenny Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Letterkenny, Ireland, [Talving, Peep] North Estonia Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tallinn, Estonia, [Tan, Boun Kim] Ctr Hosp St Joseph St Luc, Intens Care Unit, Lyon, France, [Tarasconi, Antonio] Parma Maggiore Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Parma, Italy, [Catena, Fausto] Parma Maggiore Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Parma, Italy, [Tascini, Carlo] Cotugno Hosp, Azienda Osped Colli, Div Infect Dis 1, Naples, Italy, [Tilsed, Jonathan] Hull & East Yorkshire Hosp NHS Trust, Surg Hlth Care Grp, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England, [Timsit, Jean-Francois] Hop Xavier Bichat, PHP Med & Infect Dis ICU, Paris, France, [Tumbarello, Mario] Catholic Univ, Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Ngo Tat Trung] Tran Hung Dao Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Hanoi, Vietnam, [Ulrych, Jan] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Surg 1, Prague, Czech Republic, [Ulrych, Jan] Gen Univ Hosp Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, [Uranues, Selman] Med Univ Graz, Dept Surg, Graz, Austria, [Velmahos, George] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Vereczkei, Andras G.] Med Sch Univ Pecs, Dept Surg, Pecs, Hungary, [Viale, Pierluigi] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Infect Dis Unit, Bologna, Italy, [Vila Estape, Jordi] Univ Barcelona, ISGlobal Hosp Clin, Inst Salud Global, Barcelona, Spain, [Viscoli, Claudio] Univ Genoa DISSAL, Osped Policlin San Martino IRCCS Oncol, Infect Dis Unit, Genoa, Italy, [Wagenlehner, Florian] Univ Giessen, Dept Urol Pediat Urol & Androl, Med Fac Justus Liebig, Giessen, Germany, [Wright, Brian J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med & Neurosurg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA, [Xiao, Yonghong] Zhejiang Univ, Affilliated Hosp 1, State Key Lab Diag & Treatment Infect Dis, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China, [Yuan, Kuo-Ching] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Trauma & Emergency Surg Dept, Taoyuan, Taiwan, [Zachariah, Sanoop K.] MOSC Med Coll 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J., Carlo, Di, Bk, I., Di, Marzo, Bl, F., Saverio, Di, Dogjani, S., Dorj, A., Dortet, G., Duane, L., Dupont, T. M., Egiev, H., Eid, V. N., Elmangory, H. O., El-Sayed, Marei, Enani, H., Escandón-Vargas, M. A., Faro, K., M. P., J. r., Ferrada, P., Foghetti, D., Foianini, E., Fraga, G. P., Frattima, S., Gandhi, C., Gattuso, G., Giamarellou, E., Ghnnam, W., Gkiokas, G., M., Girardi, Goff, D. A., Gomes, C. A., Gomi, H., Gronerth, R. I. G., Guirao, X., Guzman-Blanco, M., Haque, M., Hecker, A., Hell, M., Herzog, T., Hicks, L., Kafka-Ritsch, R., Kao, L. S., Kanj, S. S., Kaplan, L. J., Kapoor, G., Karamarkovic, A., Kashuk, J., Kenig, J., Khamis, F., Khokha, V., Kiguba, R., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Kørner, H., Koike, K., Kok, K. Y. Y., Kon, K., Kong, V., Inaba, K., Ioannidis, O., Isik, A., Iskandar, K., Labbate, M., Labricciosa, F. M., Lagrou, K., Lagunes, L., Latifi, R., Lasithiotakis, K., Laxminarayan, R., Lee, J. G., Leone, M., Leppäniemi, A., Li, Y., Liang, S. Y., Liau, K. -. H., Litvin, A., Loho, T., Lowman, W., Machain, Mf, G., Maier, R. V., Manzano-Nunez, R., Marinis, A., Marmorale, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Marwah, S., Maseda, E., Mcfarlane, M., De, Melo, Melotti, R., Memish, R., Mertz, Z., Mesina, D., Menichetti, C., Mishra, F., Montori, S. K., Moore, G., Moore, E. E., Naidoo, F. A., Napolitano, N., Negoi, L., Nicolau, I., Nikolopoulos, D. P., Nord, I., Ofori-Asenso, C. E., Olaoye, R., Omari, I., Ordoñez, A. H., Ouadii, C. A., Ouedraogo, M., Pagani, A., Paiva, L., Parreira, J. A., Pata, J. G., F., Fm, Pereira, J., Pereira, N. R., Petrosillo, N., Picetti, E., Pintar, T., Ponce-De-Leon, A., Popovski, Z., Poulakou, G., Preller, J., Guerrero, A. P., Pupelis, G., Quiodettis, M., Rawson, T. M., Reichert, M., Reinhart, K., Rems, M., Rello, J., Rizoli, S., Roberts, J., Rubio-Perez, I., Ruppé, E., Sakakushev, B., Sall, I., Kafil, H. S. j, Sanders, J., Sato, N., Sawyer, R. G., Scibé, T., Scudeller, R., Lohse, L., Sganga, H. S., Shafiq, G., Shah, N., Spigaglia, J. N., Suroowan, P., Tsioutis, S., Sifri, C., Siribumrungwong, C. D., Sugrue, B., Talving, M., Tan, P., Tarasconi, B. K., Tascini, A., Tilsed, C., Timsit, J., Tumbarello, J. -. F., Trung, M., Ulrych, N. T., Uranues, J., Velmahos, S., Vereczkei, G., Viale, A. G., Estape, P., Viscoli, J. V., Wagenlehner, C., Wright, F., Xiao, B. J., Yuan, Y., Zachariah, K. -. C., Zahar, S. K., Mergulhão, J. R., and Catena, P.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, antibiotic agent, antifungal agent antiinfective agent, Antifungal Agents, Drug Resistance, Declaration, Inappropriate Prescribing, 030230 surgery, Global Health, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Microbial, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, Health care, Global health, Antimicrobial stewardship, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Antibiotic stewardship, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Public relations, Antimicrobial, Operative, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Humans, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Surgical Wound Infection, Surgery, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, 3. Good health, surgical infections, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Guidelines, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, medicine, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Adults, Surgical Procedures, business.industry, Carbapenems, Therapy, business, hospitals, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages.

Published
2017
Full Text
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4. A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

Author

Sartelli, M, Kluger, Y, Ansaloni, L, Carlet, J, Brink, A, Hardcastle, TC, Khanna, A, Chicom-Mefire, A, Rodríguez-Baño, J, Nathwani, D, Mendelson, M, Watkins, RR, Pulcini, C, Beović, B, May, AK, Itani, KMF, Mazuski, JE, Fry, DE, Coccolini, F, Rasxa, K, Montravers, P, Eckmann, C, Abbo, LM, Abubakar, S, Abu-Zidan, FM, Adesunkanmi, AK, Al-Hasan, MN, Althani, AA, Ticas, JEA, Ansari, S, Ansumana, R, Da Silva, ARA, Augustin, G, Bala, M, Balogh, ZJ, Baraket, O, Bassetti, M, Bellanova, G, Beltran, MA, Ben-Ishay, O, Biffl, WL, Boermeester, MA, Brecher, SM, Bueno, J, Cainzos, MA, Cairns, K, Camacho-Ortiz, A, Ceresoli, M, Chandy, SJ, Cherry-Bukowiec, JR, Cirocchi, R, Colak, E, Corcione, A, Cornely, OA, Cortese, F, Cui, Y, Curcio, D, Damaskos, D, Dasx, K, Delibegovic, S, Demetrashvili, Z, De Simone, B, De Souza, HP, De Waele, J, Dhingra, S, Diaz, JJ, Di Carlo, I, Di Marzo, F, Di Saverio, S, Dogjani, A, Dorj, G, Dortet, L, Duane, TM, Dupont, H, Egiev, VN, Eid, HO, Elmangory, M, El-Sayed Marei, H, Enani, MA, Escandón-Vargas, K, Faro, MP, Ferrada, P, Foghetti, D, Foianini, E, Fraga, GP, Frattima, S, Gandhi, C, Gattuso, G, Giamarellou, E, Ghnnam, W, Gkiokas, G, Girardis, M, Goff, DA, Gomes, CA, Gomi, H, Gronerth, RIG, Guirao, X, Guzman-Blanco, M, Haque, M, and Hecker, A

Subjects
Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antifungal Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Surgery, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Global Health, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

© Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages.

Published
2017

5. Recomendaciones en el tratamiento antibiótico empírico de la infección intraabdominal.

Author

Guirao, X., Arias, J., Badía, J. M.ª, García-Rodríguez, J. A., Mensa, J., Álvarez-Lerma, F., Borges, M., Barberán, J., Maseda, E., Salavert, M., Llinares, P., Gobernado, M., and Rey, C. García

Subjects
ABDOMINAL diseases, ANTI-infective agents, MORTALITY, BACTERIA, COMORBIDITY, PATIENTS, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2009

6. It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway : a worldwide cross-sectional survey

Author

Massimo Sartelli, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Federico Coccolini, Raul Coimbra, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Luca Ansaloni, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Shamshul Ansari, Philip S. Barie, Miguel Angel Caínzos, Marco Ceresoli, Massimo Chiarugi, Jeffrey A. Claridge, Enrico Cicuttin, Evan Patchen Dellinger, Donald E. Fry, Xavier Guirao, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Andreas Hecker, Ari K. Leppäniemi, Andrey Litvin, Sanjay Marwah, Emilio Maseda, John E. Mazuski, Ziad Ahmed Memish, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Leonardo Pagani, Mauro Podda, Huseyin Kemal Rasa, Boris E. Sakakushev, Robert G. Sawyer, Fabio Tumietto, Yonghong Xiao, Wedad Faraj Aboubreeg, Harissou Adamou, Lali Akhmeteli, Emrah Akin, Maria Grazia Alberio, Felipe Alconchel, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Ana Belén Araúz, Giulio Argenio, Boyko C. Atanasov, Semra Demirli Atici, Selmy Sabry Awad, Efstratia Baili, Lovenish Bains, Miklosh Bala, Oussama Baraket, Suman Baral, Vladislav A. Belskii, Moussa Benboubker, Offir Ben-Ishay, Pierpaolo Bordoni, Abdalia Boumédiène, Giuseppe Brisinda, Laura Cavazzuti, Sujith J. Chandy, Maria Michela Chiarello, Nicola Cillara, Guglielmo Clarizia, Maria-Elena Cocuz, Iuliu Gabriel Cocuz, Luigi Conti, Raffaella Coppola, Yunfeng Cui, Jacek Czepiel, Fabrizio D’Acapito, Dimitrios Damaskos, Koray Das, Belinda De Simone, Samir Delibegovic, Zaza Demetrashvili, Dzemail S. Detanac, Sameer Dhingra, Stefano Di Bella, Evgeni N. Dimitrov, Agron Dogjani, Mario D’Oria, Irina Magdalena Dumitru, Mutasim M. Elmangory, Octavian Enciu, Massimo Fantoni, Daniela Filipescu, Francesco Fleres, Domitilla Foghetti, Pietro Fransvea, Mahir Gachabayov, Rita Galeiras, Gianni Gattuso, Wagih M. Ghannam, Valeria Ghisetti, Giorgio Giraudo, Kebebe Bekele Gonfa, Emre Gonullu, Yousif Tag Elsir Y. Hamad, Matthias Hecker, Arda Isik, Nizar Ismail, Azzain Ismail, Sumita Agarwal Jain, Souha S. Kanj, Garima Kapoor, Ilias Karaiskos, Alfie J. Kavalakat, Jakub Kenig, Faryal Khamis, Vladimir Khokha, Ronald Kiguba, Jae Il Kim, Yoshiro Kobe, Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, Bojan M. Kovacevic, Igor Andreevich Kryvoruchko, Akira Kuriyama, Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Konstantinos Lasithiotakis, Varut Lohsiriwat, Eftychios Lostoridis, Davide Luppi, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Marc Maegele, Athanasios Marinis, Gennaro Martines, Aleix Martínez-Pérez, Damien Massalou, Cristian Mesina, Gökhan Metan, María Guadalupe Miranda-Novales, Shyam Kumar Mishra, Mohaned Ibrahim Hussein Mohamed, Ali Yasen Y. Mohamedahmed, Ismael Mora-Guzmán, Francesk Mulita, Ana-Maria Musina, Pradeep H. Navsaria, Ionut Negoi, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Donal B. O’Connor, Carlos Alberto Ordoñez, Desiré Pantalone, Arpád Panyko, Aristeidis Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Pararas, Francesco Pata, Tapan Patel, Gianluca Pellino, Teresa Perra, Gennaro Perrone, Antonio Pesce, Tadeja Pintar, Georgi Ivanov Popivanov, Alberto Porcu, Martha Alexa Quiodettis, Razrim Rahim, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Martin Reichert, Miran Rems, Glendee Yolande Reynolds Campbell, Nuno Rocha-Pereira, Gabriel Rodrigues, Gustavo Eduardo Roncancio Villamil, Stefano Rossi, Ibrahima Sall, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Diego Sasia, Jeremiah Seni, Charalampos Seretis, Mario Serradilla-Martín, Vishal G. Shelat, Boonying Siribumrungwong, Mihail Slavchev, Leonardo Solaini, Boun Kim Tan, Antonio Tarasconi, Dario Tartaglia, Elena Adelina Toma, Gia Tomadze, Adriana Toro, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Harry van Goor, Alin Vasilescu, Andras Vereczkei, Massimiliano Veroux, Sergio Alberto Weckmann, Lukas Werner Widmer, AliIbrahim Yahya, Sanoop K. Zachariah, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Nadezhda Zubareva, Wietse P. Zuidema, Isidoro Di Carlo, Francesco Cortese, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Ronald V. Maier, Fausto Catena, Surgery, Other Research, AMS - Musculoskeletal Health, APH - Quality of Care, HUS Abdominal Center, II kirurgian klinikka, Sartelli M., Labricciosa F.M., Coccolini F., Coimbra R., Abu-Zidan F.M., Ansaloni L., Al-Hasan M.N., Ansari S., Barie P.S., Cainzos M.A., Ceresoli M., Chiarugi M., Claridge J.A., Cicuttin E., Dellinger E.P., Fry D.E., Guirao X., Hardcastle T.C., Hecker A., Leppaniemi A.K., Litvin A., Marwah S., Maseda E., Mazuski J.E., Memish Z.A., Kirkpatrick A.W., Pagani L., Podda M., Rasa H.K., Sakakushev B.E., Sawyer R.G., Tumietto F., Xiao Y., Aboubreeg W.F., Adamou H., Akhmeteli L., Akin E., Alberio M.G., Alconchel F., Magagi I.A., Arauz A.B., Argenio G., Atanasov B.C., Atici S.D., Awad S.S., Baili E., Bains L., Bala M., Baraket O., Baral S., Belskii V.A., Benboubker M., Ben-Ishay O., Bordoni P., Boumediene A., Brisinda G., Cavazzuti L., Chandy S.J., Chiarello M.M., Cillara N., Clarizia G., Cocuz M.-E., Cocuz I.G., Conti L., Coppola R., Cui Y., Czepiel J., D'Acapito F., Damaskos D., Das K., De Simone B., Delibegovic S., Demetrashvili Z., Detanac D.S., Dhingra S., Di Bella S., Dimitrov E.N., Dogjani A., D'Oria M., Dumitru I.M., Elmangory M.M., Enciu O., Fantoni M., Filipescu D., Fleres F., Foghetti D., Fransvea P., Gachabayov M., Galeiras R., Gattuso G., Ghannam W.M., Ghisetti V., Giraudo G., Gonfa K.B., Gonullu E., Hamad Y.T.E.Y., Hecker M., Isik A., Ismail N., Ismail A., Jain S.A., Kanj S.S., Kapoor G., Karaiskos I., Kavalakat A.J., Kenig J., Khamis F., Khokha V., Kiguba R., Kim J.I., Kobe Y., Kok K.Y.Y., Kovacevic B.M., Kryvoruchko I.A., Kuriyama A., Landaluce-Olavarria A., Lasithiotakis K., Lohsiriwat V., Lostoridis E., Luppi D., Vega G.M.M., Maegele M., Marinis A., Martines G., Martinez-Perez A., Massalou D., Mesina C., Metan G., Miranda-Novales M.G., Mishra S.K., Mohamed M.I.H., Mohamedahmed A.Y.Y., Mora-Guzman I., Mulita F., Musina A.-M., Navsaria P.H., Negoi I., Nita G.E., O'Connor D.B., Ordonez C.A., Pantalone D., Panyko A., Papadopoulos A., Pararas N., Pata F., Patel T., Pellino G., Perra T., Perrone G., Pesce A., Pintar T., Popivanov G.I., Porcu A., Quiodettis M.A., Rahim R., Mitul A.R., Reichert M., Rems M., Campbell G.Y.R., Rocha-Pereira N., Rodrigues G., Villamil G.E.R., Rossi S., Sall I., Kafil H.S., Sasia D., Seni J., Seretis C., Serradilla-Martin M., Shelat V.G., Siribumrungwong B., Slavchev M., Solaini L., Tan B.K., Tarasconi A., Tartaglia D., Toma E.A., Tomadze G., Toro A., Tovani-Palone M.R., van Goor H., Vasilescu A., Vereczkei A., Veroux M., Weckmann S.A., Widmer L.W., Yahya A.I., Zachariah S.K., Zakaria A.D., Zubareva N., Zuidema W.P., Di Carlo I., Cortese F., Baiocchi G.L., Maier R.V., Catena F., Sartelli, M, Labricciosa, F, Coccolini, F, Coimbra, R, Abu-Zidan, F, Ansaloni, L, Al-Hasan, M, Ansari, S, Barie, P, Cainzos, M, Ceresoli, M, Chiarugi, M, Claridge, J, Cicuttin, E, Dellinger, E, Fry, D, Guirao, X, Hardcastle, T, Hecker, A, Leppaniemi, A, Litvin, A, Marwah, S, Maseda, E, Mazuski, J, Memish, Z, Kirkpatrick, A, Pagani, L, Podda, M, Rasa, H, Sakakushev, B, Sawyer, R, Tumietto, F, Xiao, Y, Aboubreeg, W, Adamou, H, Akhmeteli, L, Akin, E, Alberio, M, Alconchel, F, Magagi, I, Arauz, A, Argenio, G, Atanasov, B, Atici, S, Awad, S, Baili, E, Bains, L, Bala, M, Baraket, O, Baral, S, Belskii, V, Benboubker, M, Ben-Ishay, O, Bordoni, P, Boumediene, A, Brisinda, G, Cavazzuti, L, Chandy, S, Chiarello, M, Cillara, N, Clarizia, G, Cocuz, M, Cocuz, I, Conti, L, Coppola, R, Cui, Y, Czepiel, J, D'Acapito, F, Damaskos, D, Das, K, De Simone, B, Delibegovic, S, Demetrashvili, Z, Detanac, D, Dhingra, S, Di Bella, S, Dimitrov, E, Dogjani, A, D'Oria, M, Dumitru, I, Elmangory, M, Enciu, O, Fantoni, M, Filipescu, D, Fleres, F, Foghetti, D, Fransvea, P, Gachabayov, M, Galeiras, R, Gattuso, G, Ghannam, W, Ghisetti, V, Giraudo, G, Gonfa, K, Gonullu, E, Hamad, Y, Hecker, M, Isik, A, Ismail, N, Ismail, A, Jain, S, Kanj, S, Kapoor, G, Karaiskos, I, Kavalakat, A, Kenig, J, Khamis, F, Khokha, V, Kiguba, R, Kim, J, Kobe, Y, Kok, K, Kovacevic, B, Kryvoruchko, I, Kuriyama, A, Landaluce-Olavarria, A, Lasithiotakis, K, Lohsiriwat, V, Lostoridis, E, Luppi, D, Vega, G, Maegele, M, Marinis, A, Martines, G, Martinez-Perez, A, Massalou, D, Mesina, C, Metan, G, Miranda-Novales, M, Mishra, S, Mohamed, M, Mohamedahmed, A, Mora-Guzman, I, Mulita, F, Musina, A, Navsaria, P, Negoi, I, Nita, G, O'Connor, D, Ordonez, C, Pantalone, D, Panyko, A, Papadopoulos, A, Pararas, N, Pata, F, Patel, T, Pellino, G, Perra, T, Perrone, G, Pesce, A, Pintar, T, Popivanov, G, Porcu, A, Quiodettis, M, Rahim, R, Mitul, A, Reichert, M, Rems, M, Campbell, G, Rocha-Pereira, N, Rodrigues, G, Villamil, G, Rossi, S, Sall, I, Kafil, H, Sasia, D, Seni, J, Seretis, C, Serradilla-Martin, M, Shelat, V, Siribumrungwong, B, Slavchev, M, Solaini, L, Tan, B, Tarasconi, A, Tartaglia, D, Toma, E, Tomadze, G, Toro, A, Tovani-Palone, M, van Goor, H, Vasilescu, A, Vereczkei, A, Veroux, M, Weckmann, S, Widmer, L, Yahya, A, Zachariah, S, Zakaria, A, Zubareva, N, Zuidema, W, Di Carlo, I, Cortese, F, Baiocchi, G, Maier, R, Catena, F, Sartelli, Massimo, Labricciosa, Francesco M, Coccolini, Federico, Coimbra, Raul, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M, Ansaloni, Luca, Al-Hasan, Majdi N, Ansari, Shamshul, Barie, Philip S, Caínzos, Miguel Angel, Ceresoli, Marco, Chiarugi, Massimo, Claridge, Jeffrey A, Cicuttin, Enrico, Dellinger, Evan Patchen, Fry, Donald E, Guirao, Xavier, Hardcastle, Timothy Craig, Hecker, Andrea, Leppäniemi, Ari K, Litvin, Andrey, Marwah, Sanjay, Maseda, Emilio, Mazuski, John E, Memish, Ziad Ahmed, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W, Pagani, Leonardo, Podda, Mauro, Rasa, Huseyin Kemal, Sakakushev, Boris E, Sawyer, Robert G, Tumietto, Fabio, Xiao, Yonghong, Aboubreeg, Wedad Faraj, Adamou, Harissou, Akhmeteli, Lali, Akin, Emrah, Alberio, Maria Grazia, Alconchel, Felipe, Magagi, Ibrahim Amadou, Araúz, Ana Belén, Argenio, Giulio, Atanasov, Boyko C, Atici, Semra Demirli, Awad, Selmy Sabry, Baili, Efstratia, Bains, Lovenish, Bala, Miklosh, Baraket, Oussama, Baral, Suman, Belskii, Vladislav A, Benboubker, Moussa, Ben-Ishay, Offir, Bordoni, Pierpaolo, Boumédiène, Abdalia, Brisinda, Giuseppe, Cavazzuti, Laura, Chandy, Sujith J, Chiarello, Maria Michela, Cillara, Nicola, Clarizia, Guglielmo, Cocuz, Maria-Elena, Cocuz, Iuliu Gabriel, Conti, Luigi, Coppola, Raffaella, Cui, Yunfeng, Czepiel, Jacek, D'Acapito, Fabrizio, Damaskos, Dimitrio, Das, Koray, De Simone, Belinda, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, Detanac, Dzemail S, Dhingra, Sameer, Di Bella, Stefano, Dimitrov, Evgeni N, Dogjani, Agron, D'Oria, Mario, Dumitru, Irina Magdalena, Elmangory, Mutasim M, Enciu, Octavian, Fantoni, Massimo, Filipescu, Daniela, Fleres, Francesco, Foghetti, Domitilla, Fransvea, Pietro, Gachabayov, Mahir, Galeiras, Rita, Gattuso, Gianni, Ghannam, Wagih M, Ghisetti, Valeria, Giraudo, Giorgio, Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele, Gonullu, Emre, Hamad, Yousif Tag Elsir Y, Hecker, Matthia, Isik, Arda, Ismail, Nizar, Ismail, Azzain, Jain, Sumita Agarwal, Kanj, Souha S, Kapoor, Garima, Karaiskos, Ilia, Kavalakat, Alfie J, Kenig, Jakub, Khamis, Faryal, Khokha, Vladimir, Kiguba, Ronald, Kim, Jae Il, Kobe, Yoshiro, Kok, Kenneth Yuh Yen, Kovacevic, Bojan M, Kryvoruchko, Igor Andreevich, Kuriyama, Akira, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lasithiotakis, Konstantino, Lohsiriwat, Varut, Lostoridis, Eftychio, Luppi, Davide, Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain, Maegele, Marc, Marinis, Athanasio, Martines, Gennaro, Martínez-Pérez, Aleix, Massalou, Damien, Mesina, Cristian, Metan, Gökhan, Miranda-Novales, María Guadalupe, Mishra, Shyam Kumar, Mohamed, Mohaned Ibrahim Hussein, Mohamedahmed, Ali Yasen Y, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Mulita, Francesk, Musina, Ana-Maria, Navsaria, Pradeep H, Negoi, Ionut, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, O'Connor, Donal B, Ordoñez, Carlos Alberto, Pantalone, Desiré, Panyko, Arpád, Papadopoulos, Aristeidi, Pararas, Nikolao, Pata, Francesco, Patel, Tapan, Pellino, Gianluca, Perra, Teresa, Perrone, Gennaro, Pesce, Antonio, Pintar, Tadeja, Popivanov, Georgi Ivanov, Porcu, Alberto, Quiodettis, Martha Alexa, Rahim, Razrim, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Reichert, Martin, Rems, Miran, Campbell, Glendee Yolande Reynold, Rocha-Pereira, Nuno, Rodrigues, Gabriel, Villamil, Gustavo Eduardo Roncancio, Rossi, Stefano, Sall, Ibrahima, Kafil, Hossein Samadi, Sasia, Diego, Seni, Jeremiah, Seretis, Charalampo, Serradilla-Martín, Mario, Shelat, Vishal G, Siribumrungwong, Boonying, Slavchev, Mihail, Solaini, Leonardo, Tan, Boun Kim, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tartaglia, Dario, Toma, Elena Adelina, Tomadze, Gia, Toro, Adriana, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, van Goor, Harry, Vasilescu, Alin, Vereczkei, Andra, Veroux, Massimiliano, Weckmann, Sergio Alberto, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Yahya, Aliibrahim, Zachariah, Sanoop K, Zakaria, Andee Dzulkarnaen, Zubareva, Nadezhda, Zuidema, Wietse P, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Cortese, Francesco, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Maier, Ronald V, Catena, Fausto, Department of Medicine, and Faculty of Health Sciences

Subjects
Anti-Infective Agent, Infection prevention and control, Antibiotic resistance, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, 610 Medicine & health, Antimicrobial stewardship, Cross-sectional survey, Antimicrobial stewardship, Antibiotic prescribing, Antibiotic resistance, Infection prevention and control, Organizational, Antibiotic prescribing, Cross-sectional survey, Anti-Infective Agents, Models, Anti-Bacterial Agent, Humans, Pandemics, Cross-Sectional Studie, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, Pandemic, COVID-19, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Cross-Sectional Studies, Models, Organizational, HEALTH-CARE, Emergency Medicine, Surgery, Human
Abstract

Background The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants’ perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened.

Published
2022
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