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HIV-associated wasting, characterized by progressive loss of lean body mass and bodyweight, remains a significant problem in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Loss of body cell mass, a component of lean body mass, is associated with decreased survival. Somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone) derived from mammalian cells (Serostim) is the only US FDA-approved treatment indicated to increase lean body mass, bodyweight, and physical endurance in HIV-associated wasting.Somatropin 0.1 mg/kg/day administered subcutaneously for 12 weeks effectively increased work output, bodyweight, and lean body mass, and improved health-related quality of life, compared with placebo, and had a generally manageable tolerability profile in a large randomized study in patients with HIV-associated wasting.Potential areas for further research include determination of longer-term efficacy and tolerability, the cost effectiveness of treatment, the optimal somatropin dosage, management of patients after 12 weeksʼ therapy, and whether maintenance strategies might exist to maintain accrued lean body mass with lower doses of somatropin. Nevertheless, indications to date are that somatropin is likely to have an important role in the treatment of patients with HIV-associated wasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]