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A millimeter-wave series–parallel patch antenna array is presented, in which the dual-slot feeding structure is handily implemented using the intrinsic field distribution of TE20 mode in substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). One 28 GHz patch antenna element fed by the TE20-mode SIW is first designed, achieving a 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 10.2% and a simulated peak gain of 6.48 dBi. Based on the antenna element, a $4 \times 4$ array with a compact series–parallel differential feeding network is developed accordingly. Due to the novel compact SIW-based series–parallel feeding network, the antenna array can achieve superior radiation performances, which is the highlight of this communication. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed antenna array are in good agreement, demonstrating a performance of 8.5% impedance bandwidth, 19.1 dBi peak gain, symmetrical radiation patterns, and low cross-polarization levels (−30 dB in E-plane and −25 dB in H-plane) in the operating frequency band of 26.65–29.14 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a 60-GHz $4 \times 4$ differential -fed patch antenna array using low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) process. Wideband patch with L-shaped feeding scheme is adopted as antenna element, while differential substrate integrated waveguide feeding network with low insertion loss is applied for the integration of antenna array. The differential-fed structure improves the symmetry of radiation patterns and reduces the cross-polarization level significantly. To further suppress the surface wave and improve the gain of the antenna array, one kind of soft surface structure is proposed. The equivalent circuit model of the soft surface is developed for calculating its dispersion diagram and analyzing stopband characteristics. The simulated results indicate that the antenna gain enhancement can be up to 2 dB because of the proposed soft surface. For demonstration, one prototype using LTCC process is fabricated and measured. The measured 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is 11.7%. The measured antenna peak gain of 18.62 dBi at 61.5 GHz and symmetrical radiation patterns with a low cross polarization of −25 dB across the whole operating frequency are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel steerable dual-beam metasurface antenna (MSA) with controllable feeding mechanism is proposed. The proposed MSA consists of $7 \times 10$ square metasurface cells and is fed by a completely symmetrical controllable network, which includes three dumbbell-shaped coupling slots etched on the ground and two-port stepped impedance line beneath the ground. The network can flexibly control the magnitude and phase of the coupling energy from the feeding line to the radiated metasurface cells via the slots, so as to realize two desired symmetrical beams. Owing to good directional radiation of the MSA, the beams of the proposed MSA exhibit better front-to-back ratio, higher gain, and higher channel isolation than those of traditional traveling-wave slot antennas. Moreover, benefiting from the controllable feeding mechanism, impedance matching, sidelobe suppression, and isolation of the ports can be further improved. Consequently, the two achieved beams are, respectively, oriented at ±30°in azimuth plane with 10 dB beamwidth of about 120°, high-peak gains of 12.8 dBi and cross level at two beams junction of about −10 dB; meanwhile, the isolation of the two ports is over 15 dB within the band of interests (5.23 and 5.40 GHz). For demonstration of the design strategy, one $1 \times 2$ dual-beam MSA array with gain of 14.8 dBi and similar beam performance is designed and fabricated. Due to the controllable steerable beams and the simple mechanism without complex beamforming networks, phase shifters or large footprint, the proposed steering dual-beam MSA array can be expected to find potential applications in multibeam base stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low-profile and shared aperture dual-polarized (DP) omnidirectional antenna by reusing the structure of an annular quasi-dipole array is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a center-fed circular patch antenna, an annular quasi-dipole array, a wideband one-to-four power divider integrated with the center-fed circular patch antenna, and two annular strips. The center-fed circular patch antenna is utilized as the driven element for the vertically polarized (VP) radiation. The annular quasi-dipole array fed by the one-to-four power divider produces horizontally polarized (HP) radiation. Simultaneously, it also acts as the VP director to improve VP gain and bandwidth. Besides, the two annular strips enhance the HP omni-directivity and gain. In this way, the VP and HP share the same aperture to improve the profile utilization rate effectively. Due to the symmetry of the basic antenna structure, stable DP donut patterns are obtained within the entire operating bandwidth. For demonstration, a 4.1–5.0 GHz prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. Under a low profile of $0.13\lambda _{0}$ , the prototype realizes a −10 dB overlapped bandwidth of 20%, high port isolation of above 35 dB, and stable DP donut patterns with horizontal gain larger than 1.8 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication presents a new multiband multiarray (MBMA) scattering suppression antenna configuration for a dual-band and dual-polarized antenna array with reduced radiation distortion. The proposed antenna array configuration consists of a low-band (LB) antenna element working in the 690–960 MHz band and four high-band (HB) antenna elements working in the 1.7–2.7 GHz band. The LB antenna introduces U-shape structures to the radiation element to neutralize HB scattering currents. On the other hand, the HB antenna involves an LC resonant structure between its radiation arm and feeding balun to suppress LB scattering currents. An antenna array using the proposed LB and HB elements is designed to achieve MBMA functions. Experimental results show that the radiation distortions in both LB and HB bands are improved significantly. The VSWR of less than 1.5, the isolation of more than 25 dB, and the symmetrical radiation pattern are obtained in both bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an antenna array to produce a circularly polarized (CP) isoflux beam for CubeSat earth coverage applications. Distinguished from conventional arrays formed by identical elements, the proposed one is based on sequential rotation-fed concentric annular aperture elements. By adjusting the excitation phase, magnitude, and polarization of each annular aperture element, the radiation patterns of the array can be shaped to form isoflux beams. Radiation pattern modeling method is developed to obtain array radiation parameters. Besides, to effectively characterize the impedance matching of the radiators of the array with multiple excitations, an overall reflection coefficient is deduced from signal decomposition. A prototype operating at $C$ -band (5 GHz) is designed, fabricated, and measured. It consists of a radiator and a feeding network. The radiator is formed by two annular aperture elements, of which the inner one is realized by a circular patch antenna while the outer one is formed by eight planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs). The feeding network drives annular aperture elements in the manner of sequential rotation. In this way, a CP isoflux beam array with a low profile ($0.078~{\lambda }_{0})$ , lightweight, and ease-of-integration for CubeSat is realized. The proposed array can also be extended to realize other shaped beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two 24 GHz horizontally polarized $1 \times 8$ patch antenna arrays were developed for automotive radar applications. The proposed antenna arrays offer the advantages of wide fan beams and high gain. The far-field radiation patterns are widened in the E-plane by disturbing the near-field distribution of each driven patch. In Design I, the driven patch is loaded with a parasitic loop, which functions as a director in the E-plane. Due to the directing effect, the E-plane beamwidth can be increased. The experimental verification prepared for Design I showed that a beamwidth of 130° and a gain of 12.2 dBi can be achieved through this method. To further enhance the beamwidth, another array with each patch loaded with parasitic mushroom-like elements was proposed by Design II. The PMLEs are 180° out of phase to their corresponding driven patch. The cancelation effects can be properly managed to slightly sacrifice the gain of the array in return for a wider beamwidth in the E-plane. Design II exhibits a wider beamwidth of 150° and a lower gain of 11.1 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]