Search

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The neonatal period in dogs remains associated with high mortality rates. Sepsis is the main cause of neonatal losses during the first three weeks of life. Additionally, failure in the clinical assessment and early diagnosis of sick newborns is still common, leading to inadequate care, which contributes to a high mortality rate. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the incidence of sepsis in canine newborns, the clinical aspects involved, the main isolated bacterial agents and mortality rates to facilitate clinicians’ early recognition of this condition. Of the 152 litters and 762 neonates evaluated, 14.8% (113/762) had sepsis or septic shock, and the mortality rate among affected puppies was 25.6% (29/113). Among the puppies with sepsis that died, early mortality (0–2 days of age) occurred in 69% (20/29) of affected neonates, and late mortality (3–30 days of age) occurred in 31% (9/29) of affected neonates. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) in clinical parameters (heart and respiratory rates, blood glucose, body temperature, peripheral oxygen saturation and reflexes) were noted among healthy neonates and neonates with sepsis and septic shock. The main and most relevant clinical signs were apathy, a reduced sucking reflex, diarrhea, the neonatal triad, failure to gain weight, bradycardia, dyspnea, cyanotic mucous membranes, body erythema, reduced peripheral oxygen saturation, cyanosis and tissue necrosis in the extremities. The mother may have been the main source of infection for 87.6% (99/113) of neonates with sepsis. Most infections were transmitted during pregnancy (68%, 77/113) in cases of neonatal sepsis. The major source of infection for neonates was the uterus, followed by breast milk and maternal oropharyngeal secretions. The most frequently isolated bacterial agent was Escherichia coli, accounting for 25.6% (29/113) of sepsis cases. The morbidity and mortality of neonatal sepsis in dogs is high. The clinical evaluation and diagnosis of sepsis in neonates differ from those in adult animals. Thus, knowledge of the neonatal particularities of sepsis is essential for proper clinical management and greater survival of these patients. Veterinary Neonatology Research Group São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Veterinary Clinics São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Improvement and Nutrition São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction Veterinary Neonatology Research Group São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Veterinary Clinics São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Improvement and Nutrition São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:58:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Universidade Estadual Paulista In human neonates, when the umbilical cord is kept intact postpartum, blood continues to flow to the neonate, but this procedure might be difficult in dogs owing to a shorter umbilical cord and several neonates in a litter. However, it might be possible to detach the placenta and keep the umbilical cord intact, allowing residual blood to flow to the puppies. This study compared the effects of clamping versus no clamping of the umbilical cord in dogs born by cesarean section on neonatal vitality. The puppies were assessed by Apgar and reflex scores. Fifty puppies delivered from 16 bitches were randomly allocated to receive immediate umbilical cord clamping (n=25) or no clamping for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing (n=25). The puppies were assessed during the first 5 min of life and 10 min after the first assessment. The no clamping group showed significantly higher Apgar scores (second assessment, P

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The aim of this study was to compare the arterial vascularization of the pelvic limb between southern caracara (Caracara plancus) and great egret (Ardea alba) by dissection and radiographic examinations. Five specimens of caracaras (three males and two females), and seven great egrets (five males and two females) were used. Barium sulphate and latex suspension were injected into the left ventricle of the birds. The radiographs were taken with the pelvic limbs in the ventrodorsal, dorsoplantar, mediolateral and lateromedial recumbency. Thereafter, the material was fixed in a 10% solution of formaldehyde and dissected. The pelvic limb received its arterial supply from two main vessels, the ischiatic and external iliac arteries. The ischiatic artery presented to be the principal artery of pelvic limb in the caracara and great egret. Several branches arised from the ischiatic and external iliac arteries were described. No gender differences were observed in both species. The caracara and great egret showed arteries similar to those reported for the ostrich and domestic fowl. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that the caracara has a pelvic limb with more arterial branches and larger arterial diameter than the great egret, which is probably related to the specific behaviour of these birds, since the caracara is a bird that exercise more their pelvic limbs to capture its prey when compared with the great egret. Graduate Program in Wild Animals School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Program in Wild Animals School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Canine congenital malformations are structural or functional abnormalities of organs present at birth that possibly interfere with the viability of newborns, thus contributing to neonatal mortality. This study evaluated and described the incidence of congenital malformations in neonatal dogs and determined the mortality rates among those affected. Of the 178 litters and 803 newborns included in the study, 24.7% (44/178) of the litters presented neonates with congenital malformations. The total rate of neonates that presented malformations was 6.7% (64/803). The total mortality rate in newborns with congenital defects was 5.4% (44/803), representing 68.7% (44/64) of the deaths observed among those affected. The early (0–2 days old) and late (3–30 days old) mortality rates among the affected neonates were 61.4% (27/44) and 38.6% (17/44), respectively. In total, 27 malformations were recorded, and the most common congenital defects were cleft palate 2.8% (23/803) and hydrocephaly 1.5% (12/803), either alone or associated with other malformations. The malformations were recorded in 15 breeds: Pug, Miniature Pinscher, Rottweiler, Pitbull, French Bulldog, English Bulldog, Dachshund, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Poodle, German Spitz, Yorkshire Terrier, Shih-tzu, Brazilian Terrier and mixed breed. One case of exposure to a teratogenic agent was reported, but no maternal exposure to teratogens during gestation was reported with the other litters. The occurrence of congenital defects may be related to genetic factors since the highest incidence of malformations (84.4%) was observed in purebred dogs. Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology and Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology and Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)