1. Safety and Efficacy of Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone for Immobilizing Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia)
- Author
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Logan F. Thomas, Chase M. Nunez, Robert O. Dittmar, Raquel R. Rech, Jack J. Richison, William R. Lance, and Walter E. Cook
- Subjects
Drug Combinations ,Immobilization ,Ecology ,Animals ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Nalbuphine ,Ketamine ,Ruminants ,Azaperone ,Medetomidine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of nalbuphine (40 mg/mL), plus medetomidine (10 mg/mL), plus azaperone (10 mg/mL) under the premixed label NalMed-A. From January to March 2020, 10 aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) were immobilized via dart-gun for seven separate sampling periods for a total of 45 recorded individual immobilization events. Induction and reversal times with NalMed-A were 5.53±2.61 min and (following atipamezole administration) 5.08±2.43 min while previous studies with alpha-2 agonist-ketamine combinations gave median and average induction times of 4.6 min and 11.2 min using medetomidine-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine, respectively. Overall, NalMed-A adequately immobilized aoudad, with 13% incidence of hyperthermia and 2.22% mortality when delivered via dart.
- Published
- 2022
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