1. D-Aspartate oxidase: distribution, functions, properties, and biotechnological applications
- Author
-
Shouji Takahashi
- Subjects
D-aspartate oxidase ,D-Aspartate Oxidase ,endocrine system diseases ,Amino Acids, Acidic ,Aspartate racemase ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Catalysis ,Substrate Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oxidoreductase ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Oxidase test ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Eukaryota ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Recombinant Proteins ,Enzyme Activation ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Intracellular ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Recently, substantial levels of acidic D-amino acids, such as D-aspartate and D-glutamate, have been identified in many organisms, from bacteria to mammals, suggesting that acidic D-amino acids have multiple physiological significances. Although acidic D-amino acids found in animals primarily originate from foodstuffs and/or bacteria, the D-aspartate-synthesizing enzyme aspartate racemase is identified in various animals. In eukaryotic organisms, acidic D-amino acids are primarily degraded by the flavoenzyme D-aspartate oxidase (DDO). DDO is found in multiple eukaryotic organisms and may play important roles in acidic D-amino acid utilization, elimination, and intracellular level regulation. Moreover, owing to its perfect enantioselectivity and stereoselectivity, DDO may be a valuable tool in several biotechnological applications, including the identification and quantification of acidic D-amino acids. In this mini-review, previous DDO reports are summarized and the potential bioengineering and biotechnological applications of DDO are discussed. Key Points ・Occurrence and distribution ofd-aspartate oxidase. ・Fundamental properties of d -aspartate oxidase of various eukaryotic organisms. ・Biotechnological applications and potential engineering ofd-aspartate oxidase.
- Published
- 2020