Search

The genus Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 is revised. Most type materials were examined, and a preliminary phylogeny is presented based on a combined dataset of COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and EF-1α gene regions. The tree topology and morphological characters suggest that Paliga Moore, 1886 is a new synonym of Ecpyrrhorrhoe, and Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 is restored as a valid genus. According to the morphological evidence and tree topology, 17 species are recorded, including five new species described from China: E. allochroa Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov., E. rosisquama Xiang & Zhang, sp. nov., E. exigistria Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov., E. brevis Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov. and E. longispinalis Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov. Seven new combinations are created, E. damastesalis (Walker, 1859), comb. nov., E. minnehaha (Pryer, 1877), comb. nov., E. obliquata (Moore, 1888), comb. nov., E. rufipicta (Butler, 1880), comb. nov., E. fimbriata (Moore, 1886), comb. nov., E. machoeralis (Walker, 1859), comb. nov., and E. rubellalis (Snellen, 1890), comb. nov., as well as eight new synonyms, namely Leucocraspeda auratalis Warren, 1895, syn. nov., Pionea schenklingi Strand, 1918, syn. nov., Paliga rubicundalis Warren, 1896, syn. nov., E. angustivalvaris Gao, Zhang & Wang, 2013, syn. nov., Pyrausta pygmaealis South, 1901, syn. nov., E. multispinalis Gao, Zhang &Wang, 2013, syn. nov., E. aduncis Gao, Zhang & Wang, 2013, syn. nov., and E. ruidispinalis Zhang, Li & Wang, 2004, syn. nov. All adults and their genital structures are illustrated and an identification key based on adult external morphology and genitalia is provided.

Key to the Australian Agrotera species based on males 1 Wingspan small (12–15 mm); valva divided................................................ A. genuflexa sp. nov. - Wingspan large (more than 17 mm); valva not divided........................................................ 2 2 Valva distally pointed, saccus long, ban-shaped........................................... A. longitabulata sp. nov. - Valva distally not pointed, saccus short, triangular............................................................ 3 3 Wingspan 17–22 mm; forewing with a large pale yellow spot distal to reniform stigma beyond middle of wing; hindwing with postmedial line followed by curved yellow band in dorsal half; male genitalia without sclerotized fibula-like process from base of valva.................................................................................. A. glycyphanes - Wingspan 22.5–26 mm; forewing with a partially orange spot distal to reniform stigma beyond middle of wing; hindwing with postmedial line not followed by yellow band; male genitalia with a spanner-shaped sclerotized fibula-like process from base of valva...................................................................................... A. ignepicta

Agrotera Schrank, 1802 Agrotera Schrank, 1802: 163. Type species: Phalaena nemoralis Scopoli, 1763, by monotypy. Diagnosis. External diagnostic characters of Agrotera comprise a modified labial palpus with the third segment triangularly scaled with a very narrow base, a relatively broad triangular forewing with a usually sinuate termen, the purplish grey wing ground colour, a pale yellow forewing base sprinkled with orange scales, often a similar yellowish patch on the hindwing base, and a yellowish dorsal base of the abdomen. The male genitalia are characterized by a small, weakly sclerotized uncus with few simple, hair-like setae, a deeply divided or simple, distally pointed valva with a large, hook-like sclerotized fibula-like process from below the base of the costa, a large, shield-shaped, dorsally bifid juxta, and a well-developed saccus varying from short and triangular to long and rod- or band-shaped. Description. Head. Frons rounded, with short scales, vertex with moderately raised scales projecting between antennae. Labial palpus upcurved, sickle-shaped, ventral margin with strongly projecting scales, often as three distinct, triangular tufts, with the third segment triangularly scaled (Figs. 2, 3). Maxillary palpus small. Proboscis well-developed. Antenna in male with cilia as long as or slightly longer than diameter of antenna. Thorax. With appressed scales, pale yellow sprinkled with orange scales. Legs usually not modified. Forewing. Subtriangular, costa straight to 3/4, then curved to apex, termen usually sinuate. Retinaculum a tuft of curved bristles from within discal cell, no frenulum hook in male. Ground colour purplish grey, base always pale yellow sprinkled with orange scales, distally edged by antemedial line, often a variably developed purplish grey spot beyond base on costa. Venation (Fig. 6) with R1 free, R2 free but adjacent to stem of R3+R 4 in basal 2/3, R3 and R4 stalked to just beyond 2/ 3, R4 to just before apex, R5 parallel to stalked R3+R4 at base, then curved and diverging; M1 moderately close to R5 at base, M2 widely separate from M1, closing vein concavely curved; M2, M3 and CuA1 equidistant and parallel from posterior angle of cell, then diverging; CuA2 distant from CuA1; only trace of CuP near wing margin; 1A faintly sinuate to tornus, 2A forming complete loop and distally recurved before joining 1A. Hindwing. Nearly fanshaped or triangular. Frenulum single in male, with 2 acanthae in female. Ground colour purplish grey, basal 1/3 usually pale, sometimes pale yellow patch sprinkled with orange scales. Venation (Fig. 6) with Sc+R1 and Rs anastomosing for 1/3 beyond end of discal cell, Rs and M1 short-stalked, closing vein concave, angled; M2 and M3 close and parallel at base, M3 and CuA1 adjacent to each other from posterior angle of cell; CuA2 from below 3/4 of cell; CuP complete but weaker towards base; 1A+2A without basal loop; 3A present. Male genitalia. Anal tube long, often extending beyond uncus. Uncus short to elongate conical, weakly sclerotized, set with few hair-like setae. Vinculum V- to U-shaped, saccus well-developed, sometimes very long. Valva deeply divided with projecting costa and sacculus processes, or simple, elliptic with narrow and pointed apex; always with a long and slender, hook-like sclerotized fibula-like process from inner surface near base of valva. Transtilla arms usually triangular, meeting medially, sometimes with thin hairs. Juxta large shield-shaped, distally bifid and with spinulose caulis. Phallus with cornuti in vesica. Female genitalia. Hind margin of 7th sternite unmodified. Ovipositor lobes narrowly crescent-shaped, evenly set with setae. Posterior apophysis short and slender, anterior apophysis longer than posterior apophysis, sometimes thickened in basal part with a lateral process. Antrum membraneous or sclerotized, cup- or funnel-shaped, colliculum ring-shaped, sometimes with spike-shaped posterior processes. Bursae copulatrix variously divided into ductus bursae and corpus bursae, but nearly always with an area of sclerotized spinules at posterior end and anterior end of corpus bursae; ductus seminalis usually originating from anterior end of colliculum. Biology. Larvae of A. nemoralis feed in spun leaves mainly of Carpinus betulus, Carpinus japonica, Castanea sativa, Corylus heterophylla, Deutzia crenata, Quercus pubescens (Simchuk et al. 2012), Sorbus spp. and Betula spp. (Slamka 2013), and pupate in a shelter of leaves spun together with silk (Slamka 2013). Agrotera basinotata feeds on Melastoma malabathricum, Lagerstroemia spp., Castanopsis, Cleistocalyx operculatus, Eugenia aquea and Pavetta indica (Krauss 1965; Robinson et al. 2010; Gupta & Lokhande 2013). Distribution. Agrotera occurs in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions. Additional six African species are placed in Agrotera, but as yet they have not been revised regarding their correct placement in this genus. Monophyly of Agrotera and putative apomorphies. Investigation of the genitalia revealed an unexpected morphological diversity among the externally superficially similar Agrotera species, indicating that the genus represents a polyphyletic group rather than a monophylum. Consequently, those investigated species that were found to be in disagreement with the diagnosis of Agrotera given above were removed from the genus. Species of Agrotera share these synapomorphies, the relatively broad triangular forewing with pale yellow base sprinkled with orange scales and with sinuate termen, the small, weakly sclerotized uncus set with sparse setae, the large, hook-like sclerotized fibula-like process from below the base of the costa, a large, shield-shaped, dorsally bifid juxta and the long, well-developed saccus. Based on the generic synapomorphies, we consider A. nemoralis, A. genuflexa, A. longitabulata, A. basinotata, A. discinotata Swinhoe, 1894 and A. posticalis to form the monophyletic Agrotera core group, to which we also refer as the nemoralis group. Taxonomic status of taxa misplaced in Agrotera. Leucinodella Strand, 1918, Nistra Walker, 1859, Sagariphora Meyrick, 1894 and Tetracona Meyrick, 1884 were treated as synonyms of Agrotera (Hampson 1899, Shaffer et al. 1996). None of the type species of the four genera agrees with the diagnosis of Agrotera sensu stricto, as given above, and the four genera are consequently removed from synonymy with Agrotera and reinstated as valid genera: Leucinodella agroterodes Strand, 1918, type species of Leucinodella stat. rev. and synonym of Leucinodella leucostola (Hampson, 1896) comb. nov. (Figs 11, 17, image of cotype could be found at http:// www.imdap.entomol.ntu.edu.tw/InsectSampleImage.php?TI_ID=955&L=E), differs from Agrotera by the arched forewing termen and the whitish forewing without a pale yellowish wing base with orange scales, as well as in the male genitalia by the short, rod-like, bilobate, distally rounded uncus, apically densely set with flat, short setae, and the tongue-shaped valva without a sclerotized fibula-like process emerging from near the costa base. Nistra coelatalis Walker, 1859 comb. rev. (Fig. 12, image of cotype could be found at http:// www.imdap.entomol.ntu.edu.tw/InsectSampleImage.php?TI_ID=954&L=E), type species of Nistra stat. rev., has a wing pattern similar to L. leucostola, with an arched forewing termen and the absence of the pale yellowish forewing base sprinkled with orange scales. The genitalia of N. coelatalis were not investigated. Sagariphora heliochlaena Meyrick, 1894 (Figs 13, 18), type species of Sagariphora stat. rev. is a junior synonym (Hampson 1896) of Sagariphora magnificalis (Hampson, 1893) comb. nov. (Fig. 14, illustration of adult could be found at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180014#page/229/mode/1up). This species differs from Agrotera in the arched forewing termen and in the large, lobe-shaped, laterally setose uncus and the presence of several patches of dense setae on the valva of the male genitalia. Tetracona amathealis (Walker, 1859) comb. rev. (Figs 15, 19), type species of Tetracona stat. rev., differs from Agrotera in the lobe-shaped, laterally densely setose uncus, the presence of a bundle of bristles emerging from near the valva base, and the weakly sclerotized fibula-like process emerging from the base of the valva. Tetracona amathealis shares with A. pictalis and an unnamed species the narrow triangular forewing with an arched termen, the large lobe-shaped, laterally densely setose uncus, the bundle of bristles emerging from near the valva base and the weakly sclerotized fibula-like process from the base of the valva. We consider all three species congeneric, and consequently transfer A. pictalis back to its original combination with Tetracona, as T. pictalis Warren, 1896, comb. rev. (Figs 16, 20). The species of Tetracona resemble Aetholix flavibasalis (Guen��e, 1854), the type species of Aetholix Lederer, 1863. Aetholix flavibasalis (image of adult could be found at http:// www1.ala.org.au/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=11696), which also occurs in Australia, is distinguished from the externally similar Agrotera by the large lobe-shaped uncus with dense, persistent scales on the ventral surface and along the lateral margins, by the bundle of bristles arising from near the valva base, by the weakly sclerotized fibula-like process emerging from the base of the valva and by the ventrally narrow and dorsally complete (nonbifid) juxta. A future taxonomic revision of Aetholix and Tetracona might find the two genera synonymic with each other., Published as part of Chen, Kai, Horak, Marianne, Du, Xicui & Zhang, Dandan, 2017, Revision of the Australian species of Agrotera Schrank (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae), pp. 213-224 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 214-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1084028, {"references":["Schrank, F. P. (1802) Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. Johann Wilhelm Krull, Ingolstadt, viii pls, 412 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 44923","Simchuk, A. P., Oberemok, V. V. & Ivashov, A. V. (2012) Genetics of interactions among moths, their host plants and enemies in Crimean oak forests, and its perspective for their control. In: Cauterruccio, L. (Ed.), Moths: Types, Ecological Significance and Control Methods. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 187 - 205.","Slamka, F. (2013) Pyraloidea of Europe 3, Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae. Bratislava, 357 pp.","Krauss, N. L. H. (1965) Investigations on biological control of Melastoma (Melastoma malabathricum L.). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19, 97 - 101. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10125 / 10909","Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Beccaloni, G. W. & Hernandez, L. M. (2010) HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. - http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / hosts (Accessed 20 June 2017)","Gupta, A. & Lokhande, S. A. (2013) A new host record and a new combination in Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (2), 3678 - 3681. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3283.3678 - 81","Hampson, G. F. (1899) A revision of the moths of the subfamily Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae. Part I. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 590 - 761. [pls. 49 - 50.]","Shaffer, M., Nielsen E. S. & Horak, M. (1996) Pyraloidea. In: Nielsen, E. S., Edwards E. D. & Rangsi, T. V. (Eds.), Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Vol. 4. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, pp. 164 - 199.","Hampson, G. F. (1896) Pyralidae. In: Blanford, W. T. (Ed.), Fauna of British India. Vol. 4. Moths. Taylor and Francis. London. pp. 1 - 594."]}

Key to the Australian Agrotera species based on males 1 Wingspan small (12���15 mm); valva divided................................................ A. genuflexa sp. nov. - Wingspan large (more than 17 mm); valva not divided........................................................ 2 2 Valva distally pointed, saccus long, ban-shaped........................................... A. longitabulata sp. nov. - Valva distally not pointed, saccus short, triangular............................................................ 3 3 Wingspan 17���22 mm; forewing with a large pale yellow spot distal to reniform stigma beyond middle of wing; hindwing with postmedial line followed by curved yellow band in dorsal half; male genitalia without sclerotized fibula-like process from base of valva.................................................................................. A. glycyphanes - Wingspan 22.5���26 mm; forewing with a partially orange spot distal to reniform stigma beyond middle of wing; hindwing with postmedial line not followed by yellow band; male genitalia with a spanner-shaped sclerotized fibula-like process from base of valva...................................................................................... A. ignepicta, Published as part of Chen, Kai, Horak, Marianne, Du, Xicui & Zhang, Dandan, 2017, Revision of the Australian species of Agrotera Schrank (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae), pp. 213-224 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1084028

Agrotera longitabulata Chen, Horak & Zhang, sp. nov. Figs 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 Diagnosis. Agrotera longitabulata resembles A. nemoralis and A. genuflexa in the sinuate termen and the simple, continuous and dark brown postmedial line of the forewing, but can be distinguished from A. nemoralis by a pale yellow hindwing base and a conspicuous dark brown costal spot in the basal field of the forewing, and from both A. nemoralis and A. genuflexa by the undivided valva and a long, slender and band-shaped saccus in the male genitalia. In the female genitalia, A. longitabulata differs from A. genuflexa by the long ductus bursae, the long narrow colliculum and the small, laterally attached corpus bursae. Agrotera longitabulata resembles A. posticalis Wileman, 1911 and A. basinotata (illustration of adult could be found at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/ 180088#page/187/mode/1up) in wing pattern, but can be distinguished by the band-shaped saccus and the sickleshaped upcurved fibula-like process emerging from below the base of the costa. Description. Frons pale yellow, vertex orange, thorax yellow with orange scales; labial palpus laterally grey with long, ventrally projecting scales; legs in male unmodified. Abdomen in male long, slender; segments 1���5 pale yellow with orange scales, terminal 3 segments grey, 3���8 with blackish hind margin. Wingspan 17���22.5 mm. Forewing subtriangular, termen sinuate; basal third pale yellow, reticulated with orange, distally edged by a scalloped antemedial line of orange and brown scales, remainder of wing purplish grey; terminal margin brown; conspicuous dark fuscous spot at 1/10 of costa; reniform stigma crescentic, outwardly followed by ovate orange spot; postmedial line grey-brown but darker on costa, from 4/5 of costa slightly sinuate to CuA1, bent to middle of CuA2 then to 3/4 of posterior margin; fringe grey-brown and pale yellow, with yellow bars below apex, before middle and before tornus. Hindwing fan-shaped; basal third pale yellow with few orange scales outwardly edged by brown scales, pale yellow along anal margin with an orange longitudinal streak, remainder of wing purplish grey; postmedial line pale brown, weak, darkest on edge to pale yellow anal margin, then vanishing; terminal margin brown; fringe grey-brown in costal half, remainder pale yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 8). Uncus small, subtriangular, rounded at apex. Tegumen trapezoidal, with obvious shoulders. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus extremely long (approximately of valva length), slender, band-shaped, slightly tapering to truncate tip. Valva narrowly elliptical with acinaciform apex, undivided; transtilla two triangular lobes from base of costa, their points slightly downcurved, meeting in the middle; costa broadly sclerotized to beyond middle of valva; sacculus to 3/5 of valva, broad, densely setose on inner side, inner margin projecting as triangular point; with a very slender, sickleshaped upcurved fibula-like process from ventral base of costa. Juxta shield-shaped, distal half bifid. Phallus long, nearly parallel-sided, slightly downcurved at base; vesica in distal third with long, dense, sclerotized spinules and a large band-shaped sclerite. Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Antrum membranous, funnel-shaped, colliculum long, sclerotized, with two spinulose spikes. Ductus seminalis originating from anterior end of colliculum. Ductus bursae long, posterior part slightly wrinkled; corpus bursae small, laterally attached, without signum; ductus bursae and corpus bursae spinulose. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Australia, Queensland: Iron Range, 12.iv.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton, genital slide no. ANIC 8903. Paratypes: Australia, Queensland: 1♂, 10.12��S 142.49��E, Warraber (Sue) Island, 26.i.1978, R. Lewis; 1♀, 11.45��S 142.35��E, Heathlands, 19���23.v.1993, at light, P. Zborowski & A. Roach; 1♀, 12.43��S 143.18��E, Gordons Mine Claudie Riv., 20.ii.1985, E. D. Edwards & B. Hacobian; 1♂, 12.44��S 143.18��E, Phillip Hill Claudie Riv., 16.ii.1985, E. D. Edwards & B. Hacobian, genital slide no. ANIC 8901; 2♂, 12.44��S 143.18��E, Phillip Knoll, Claudie Riv., 21.ii.1985, E. D. Edwards & B. Hacobian, genital slide no. ANIC 8836 (ANIC, QMBQ); 1♂, Claudie. R. Nth., 5/ 16.v. [19]61, J. Macqueen; 1♂, 13.53��S 143.11��E, 6 km NNE Coen, 22.iv.1994, at light, P. Zborowski; 1♂, 2♀, Iron Range, 12, 14, 15.iv.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton; 1♀, Iron Range, 12.iv.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton, genital slide no. ANIC 8840; 1♂, 15.35��S 144.30��E, 7 km E Laura, 12.xii.1992, at light, sandstone escarpment, P. Zborowski & W. Dressier. Distribution. Australia (Queensland). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin longi - = long and tabulatus = band-shaped, referring to the long, band-shaped saccus. Remark. According to Shaffer et al. (1996), A. basinotata occurs in Australia. However, our examination of genitalia reveals that specimens identified as A. basinotata by Shaffer, are indeed the new species A. longitabulata. The differences of these two superficially similar species are given above at the diagnosis of A. longitabulata. Currently, no specimen of A. basinotata is collected in Australia., Published as part of Chen, Kai, Horak, Marianne, Du, Xicui & Zhang, Dandan, 2017, Revision of the Australian species of Agrotera Schrank (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae), pp. 213-224 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on page 220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1084028, {"references":["Wileman, A. E. (1911) New and unrecorded species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, (2), 189 - 407. [pls. 30 - 31.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1911. tb 03088. x","Shaffer, M., Nielsen E. S. & Horak, M. (1996) Pyraloidea. In: Nielsen, E. S., Edwards E. D. & Rangsi, T. V. (Eds.), Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Vol. 4. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, pp. 164 - 199."]}

Agrotera genuflexa Chen, Horak & Zhang, sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 Diagnosis. Agrotera genuflexa resembles the Oriental-Palaearctic A. nemoralis and the Australian A. longitabulata sp. nov. in the sinuate termen and the simple, continuous and dark brown postmedial line of the forewing, and in the long, slender, sclerotized fibula-like process emerging from near the valva base in the male genitalia. With A. nemoralis it also shares a deeply divided valva. However, it can be distinguished from A. nemoralis by the smaller wingspan (12���15 mm), a conspicuous dark brown costal spot in the basal field of the forewing, a yellow hindwing base, and the shorter, much less strongly curved sclerotized fibula-like process in the male genitalia. Its differences with A. longitabulata are given in the diagnosis of that species. Description. Vertex and thorax yellow with orange scales, frons grey, labial palpus laterally grey with ventrally projecting tufts; legs in male unmodified. Abdomen in male long, slender, pale yellow touched with orange and with blackish distal margin on segments 3���8, segment 6 and sometimes 7 grey. Wingspan 12���15 mm. Forewing subtriangular, termen moderately sinuate; purplish grey ground colour darker towards termen and suffused with orange along distal half of costa; basal third yellow and sprinkled with orange scales, edged by scalloped, brown, lightly curved antemedial line, with conspicuous dark grey spot at 1/10 of costa; reniform stigma a round orange spot edged with intermittent brown scales; postmedial line sinuate, brown but darker on costa, from 3/4 of costa to 2/3 of posterior margin; fringe grey-brown and yellow with dark basal scales, with narrow yellow triangle below apex closely followed by yellow rectangle before middle and yellow patch before tornus. Hindwing fan-shaped with convex termen; basal 2/5 yellow and sprinkled with few orange scales, extending along anal margin, remainder purplish grey; postmedial line sinuate, reduced in pale apical area; terminal margin dark brown; fringe grey and yellow as forewing. Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Uncus short and wide, triangular, distally rounded, with few hair-like setae at apex. Tegumen short, ovate. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus slender, rodlike, widest in middle. Transtilla two subtriangular lobes from base of costa, their points slightly downcurved, meeting in the middle. Valva deeply divided, dorsal part with wide base, then slightly bent ventrally and ending in a long, narrowly triangular process bearing a tuft of persistent scales at base; ventral part gradually narrowing into a slender, tongueshaped process with a distal tuft of bristles; a long, slender, curved, sclerotized fibula-like process from base of costa to inner margin of divided valva. Juxta shield-shaped, distal third divided. Phallus slender, distally abruptly widened, with three groups of spinules. Female genitalia (Fig. 9). Antrum large and wide, funnel-shaped, membranous, with two large serrate, strongly sclerotized spikes extending from its base, no distinct colliculum, and ductus bursae very short, slightly dilated, with longitudinal, sclerotized wrinkles; corpus bursae long and very slender in posterior half, anterior part spinulose; ductus seminalis originating from posterior end of corpus bursae. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Australia, Queensland: 13.44��S 143.20��E, Golden Nugget Ck. Camp Site, Mcllwraith Ra., 520 m, 8.vii.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak, genital slide no. ANIC 8835. Paratypes: Australia, Northern Territory: 1♀, 11.09��S 132.09��E, Black Point Cobourg Pen., 28.i.1977, E. D. Edwards; 1♂, Mandorah Rd. 42 km SSE of Darwin, 11.vi.1973, E. D. Edwards; 1♂, 12.22��S 133.01��E, 6 km SSW of Oenpelli, 30.v.1973, E. D. Edwards & M. S. Upton; 1♀, 12.31��S 132.58��E, 9 km NE of Mudginbarry H. S., 26.v.1973, E. D. Edwards & M. S. Upton; 1♀, 12.35��S 132.52��E, Magela Ck., 2 km N of Mudginbarry H. S., 25.v.1973, E. D. Edwards & M. S. Upton; 1♂, 13.21��S 131.08��E, Robin Falls, 8.vi.1993, E. D. Edwards. Queensland: 1♀, Silver Plains, Cape York Pen., 14.iv.1959, J. L. Wassell; 1♀, 11.58��S 142.55��E, Harmer Creek, 22.v.1993, at light, riverine forest, P. Zborowski & A. Roach; 1♀, 12.42��S 141.55��E, Beening Creek, 16.ii.1994, at light, P. Zborowski; 1♂, 13.43��S 143.19��E, Weather Stn. Mcllwraith Ra., 420 m, 29.vi.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak; 3♂, 13.44��S 143.20��E, Golden Nugget Ck. Camp Site, Mcllwraith Ra., 520 m, 28, 30.vi., 2.vii. 1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak (ANIC, QMBQ, NHMUK); 1♀, 13.44��S 143.20��E, Golden Nugget Ck. Camp Site, Mcllwraith Ra., 520 m, 7.vii.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak; 1♀, 13.45��S 143.22��E, Mango Tree, Mcllwraith Ra., 500 m, 11.vii.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak, genital slide no. ANIC 8849; 1♂, 15.12��S 143.52��E, Hann River Crossing, 520 m, 2.vi.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak; 1♂, Cooran, 12.ii.1955, V. J. Robinson; 1♂, Brisbane, v.[19]34, [Turner]; 1♀, Brisbane, 17. iv. [19]34, [Turner]; 1♀, Brisbane, [19]34, [Turner]; 1♀, Stradbroke, 14.viii. [19]10; 1♀, Coolangatta, 9.iii. [19]13. New South Wales: 1♂, Tweed R., 25.i. [19]22; 1♂, Rous, Richmond River, 16.ii.1923, V. J. Robinson. Distribution. Australia (Northern Territory; Queensland; New South Wales). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word genuflexus = geniculate, referring to the valva with its dorsal part bent ventrally., Published as part of Chen, Kai, Horak, Marianne, Du, Xicui & Zhang, Dandan, 2017, Revision of the Australian species of Agrotera Schrank (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae), pp. 213-224 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 216-218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1084028

Agrotera longitabulata Chen, Horak & Zhang, sp. nov. Figs 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 Diagnosis. Agrotera longitabulata resembles A. nemoralis and A. genuflexa in the sinuate termen and the simple, continuous and dark brown postmedial line of the forewing, but can be distinguished from A. nemoralis by a pale yellow hindwing base and a conspicuous dark brown costal spot in the basal field of the forewing, and from both A. nemoralis and A. genuflexa by the undivided valva and a long, slender and band-shaped saccus in the male genitalia. In the female genitalia, A. longitabulata differs from A. genuflexa by the long ductus bursae, the long narrow colliculum and the small, laterally attached corpus bursae. Agrotera longitabulata resembles A. posticalis Wileman, 1911 and A. basinotata (illustration of adult could be found at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/ 180088#page/187/mode/1up) in wing pattern, but can be distinguished by the band-shaped saccus and the sickleshaped upcurved fibula-like process emerging from below the base of the costa. Description. Frons pale yellow, vertex orange, thorax yellow with orange scales; labial palpus laterally grey with long, ventrally projecting scales; legs in male unmodified. Abdomen in male long, slender; segments 1–5 pale yellow with orange scales, terminal 3 segments grey, 3–8 with blackish hind margin. Wingspan 17–22.5 mm. Forewing subtriangular, termen sinuate; basal third pale yellow, reticulated with orange, distally edged by a scalloped antemedial line of orange and brown scales, remainder of wing purplish grey; terminal margin brown; conspicuous dark fuscous spot at 1/10 of costa; reniform stigma crescentic, outwardly followed by ovate orange spot; postmedial line grey-brown but darker on costa, from 4/5 of costa slightly sinuate to CuA1, bent to middle of CuA2 then to 3/4 of posterior margin; fringe grey-brown and pale yellow, with yellow bars below apex, before middle and before tornus. Hindwing fan-shaped; basal third pale yellow with few orange scales outwardly edged by brown scales, pale yellow along anal margin with an orange longitudinal streak, remainder of wing purplish grey; postmedial line pale brown, weak, darkest on edge to pale yellow anal margin, then vanishing; terminal margin brown; fringe grey-brown in costal half, remainder pale yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 8). Uncus small, subtriangular, rounded at apex. Tegumen trapezoidal, with obvious shoulders. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus extremely long (approximately of valva length), slender, band-shaped, slightly tapering to truncate tip. Valva narrowly elliptical with acinaciform apex, undivided; transtilla two triangular lobes from base of costa, their points slightly downcurved, meeting in the middle; costa broadly sclerotized to beyond middle of valva; sacculus to 3/5 of valva, broad, densely setose on inner side, inner margin projecting as triangular point; with a very slender, sickleshaped upcurved fibula-like process from ventral base of costa. Juxta shield-shaped, distal half bifid. Phallus long, nearly parallel-sided, slightly downcurved at base; vesica in distal third with long, dense, sclerotized spinules and a large band-shaped sclerite. Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Antrum membranous, funnel-shaped, colliculum long, sclerotized, with two spinulose spikes. Ductus seminalis originating from anterior end of colliculum. Ductus bursae long, posterior part slightly wrinkled; corpus bursae small, laterally attached, without signum; ductus bursae and corpus bursae spinulose. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Australia, Queensland: Iron Range, 12.iv.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton, genital slide no. ANIC 8903. Paratypes: Australia, Queensland: 1♂, 10.12°S 142.49°E, Warraber (Sue) Island, 26.i.1978, R. Lewis; 1♀, 11.45°S 142.35°E, Heathlands, 19–23.v.1993, at light, P. Zborowski & A. Roach; 1♀, 12.43°S 143.18°E, Gordons Mine Claudie Riv., 20.ii.1985, E. D. Edwards & B. Hacobian; 1♂, 12.44°S 143.18°E, Phillip Hill Claudie Riv., 16.ii.1985, E. D. Edwards & B. Hacobian, genital slide no. ANIC 8901; 2♂, 12.44°S 143.18°E, Phillip Knoll, Claudie Riv., 21.ii.1985, E. D. Edwards & B. Hacobian, genital slide no. ANIC 8836 (ANIC, QMBQ); 1♂, Claudie. R. Nth., 5/ 16.v. [19]61, J. Macqueen; 1♂, 13.53°S 143.11°E, 6 km NNE Coen, 22.iv.1994, at light, P. Zborowski; 1♂, 2♀, Iron Range, 12, 14, 15.iv.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton; 1♀, Iron Range, 12.iv.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton, genital slide no. ANIC 8840; 1♂, 15.35°S 144.30°E, 7 km E Laura, 12.xii.1992, at light, sandstone escarpment, P. Zborowski & W. Dressier. Distribution. Australia (Queensland). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin longi - = long and tabulatus = band-shaped, referring to the long, band-shaped saccus. Remark. According to Shaffer et al. (1996), A. basinotata occurs in Australia. However, our examination of genitalia reveals that specimens identified as A. basinotata by Shaffer, are indeed the new species A. longitabulata. The differences of these two superficially similar species are given above at the diagnosis of A. longitabulata. Currently, no specimen of A. basinotata is collected in Australia.

Agrotera genuflexa Chen, Horak & Zhang, sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 Diagnosis. Agrotera genuflexa resembles the Oriental-Palaearctic A. nemoralis and the Australian A. longitabulata sp. nov. in the sinuate termen and the simple, continuous and dark brown postmedial line of the forewing, and in the long, slender, sclerotized fibula-like process emerging from near the valva base in the male genitalia. With A. nemoralis it also shares a deeply divided valva. However, it can be distinguished from A. nemoralis by the smaller wingspan (12–15 mm), a conspicuous dark brown costal spot in the basal field of the forewing, a yellow hindwing base, and the shorter, much less strongly curved sclerotized fibula-like process in the male genitalia. Its differences with A. longitabulata are given in the diagnosis of that species. Description. Vertex and thorax yellow with orange scales, frons grey, labial palpus laterally grey with ventrally projecting tufts; legs in male unmodified. Abdomen in male long, slender, pale yellow touched with orange and with blackish distal margin on segments 3–8, segment 6 and sometimes 7 grey. Wingspan 12–15 mm. Forewing subtriangular, termen moderately sinuate; purplish grey ground colour darker towards termen and suffused with orange along distal half of costa; basal third yellow and sprinkled with orange scales, edged by scalloped, brown, lightly curved antemedial line, with conspicuous dark grey spot at 1/10 of costa; reniform stigma a round orange spot edged with intermittent brown scales; postmedial line sinuate, brown but darker on costa, from 3/4 of costa to 2/3 of posterior margin; fringe grey-brown and yellow with dark basal scales, with narrow yellow triangle below apex closely followed by yellow rectangle before middle and yellow patch before tornus. Hindwing fan-shaped with convex termen; basal 2/5 yellow and sprinkled with few orange scales, extending along anal margin, remainder purplish grey; postmedial line sinuate, reduced in pale apical area; terminal margin dark brown; fringe grey and yellow as forewing. Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Uncus short and wide, triangular, distally rounded, with few hair-like setae at apex. Tegumen short, ovate. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus slender, rodlike, widest in middle. Transtilla two subtriangular lobes from base of costa, their points slightly downcurved, meeting in the middle. Valva deeply divided, dorsal part with wide base, then slightly bent ventrally and ending in a long, narrowly triangular process bearing a tuft of persistent scales at base; ventral part gradually narrowing into a slender, tongueshaped process with a distal tuft of bristles; a long, slender, curved, sclerotized fibula-like process from base of costa to inner margin of divided valva. Juxta shield-shaped, distal third divided. Phallus slender, distally abruptly widened, with three groups of spinules. Female genitalia (Fig. 9). Antrum large and wide, funnel-shaped, membranous, with two large serrate, strongly sclerotized spikes extending from its base, no distinct colliculum, and ductus bursae very short, slightly dilated, with longitudinal, sclerotized wrinkles; corpus bursae long and very slender in posterior half, anterior part spinulose; ductus seminalis originating from posterior end of corpus bursae. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Australia, Queensland: 13.44°S 143.20°E, Golden Nugget Ck. Camp Site, Mcllwraith Ra., 520 m, 8.vii.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak, genital slide no. ANIC 8835. Paratypes: Australia, Northern Territory: 1♀, 11.09°S 132.09°E, Black Point Cobourg Pen., 28.i.1977, E. D. Edwards; 1♂, Mandorah Rd. 42 km SSE of Darwin, 11.vi.1973, E. D. Edwards; 1♂, 12.22°S 133.01°E, 6 km SSW of Oenpelli, 30.v.1973, E. D. Edwards & M. S. Upton; 1♀, 12.31°S 132.58°E, 9 km NE of Mudginbarry H. S., 26.v.1973, E. D. Edwards & M. S. Upton; 1♀, 12.35°S 132.52°E, Magela Ck., 2 km N of Mudginbarry H. S., 25.v.1973, E. D. Edwards & M. S. Upton; 1♂, 13.21°S 131.08°E, Robin Falls, 8.vi.1993, E. D. Edwards. Queensland: 1♀, Silver Plains, Cape York Pen., 14.iv.1959, J. L. Wassell; 1♀, 11.58°S 142.55°E, Harmer Creek, 22.v.1993, at light, riverine forest, P. Zborowski & A. Roach; 1♀, 12.42°S 141.55°E, Beening Creek, 16.ii.1994, at light, P. Zborowski; 1♂, 13.43°S 143.19°E, Weather Stn. Mcllwraith Ra., 420 m, 29.vi.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak; 3♂, 13.44°S 143.20°E, Golden Nugget Ck. Camp Site, Mcllwraith Ra., 520 m, 28, 30.vi., 2.vii. 1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak (ANIC, QMBQ, NHMUK); 1♀, 13.44°S 143.20°E, Golden Nugget Ck. Camp Site, Mcllwraith Ra., 520 m, 7.vii.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak; 1♀, 13.45°S 143.22°E, Mango Tree, Mcllwraith Ra., 500 m, 11.vii.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak, genital slide no. ANIC 8849; 1♂, 15.12°S 143.52°E, Hann River Crossing, 520 m, 2.vi.1989, Nielsen, Edwards & Horak; 1♂, Cooran, 12.ii.1955, V. J. Robinson; 1♂, Brisbane, v.[19]34, [Turner]; 1♀, Brisbane, 17. iv. [19]34, [Turner]; 1♀, Brisbane, [19]34, [Turner]; 1♀, Stradbroke, 14.viii. [19]10; 1♀, Coolangatta, 9.iii. [19]13. New South Wales: 1♂, Tweed R., 25.i. [19]22; 1♂, Rous, Richmond River, 16.ii.1923, V. J. Robinson. Distribution. Australia (Northern Territory; Queensland; New South Wales). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word genuflexus = geniculate, referring to the valva with its dorsal part bent ventrally.

Thliptoceras shafferi B��nzIger, 1987 Thliptoceras shafferi B��nziger, 1987: 678. Type locality: Thailand, Chiengmai. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 23���26 mm. Thliptoceras shafferi can be recognized in the male by the modified scales along the posterior margin of the forewing and an only slightly modified antenna with a small scale-tuft at base of flagellum, followed by compressed and extended segments, and by diagnostic tegulae, fleecy and bicolorous yellowish and fuscous. Male genitalia with uncus diagnostic, irregularly subtriangular, without setae on narrowed distal 1 / 4; valva simple and very narrow, with apex widened and recurved; editum straight and stout, sacculus with projecting basal hump, and aedeagus with a bundle of cornuti near apex. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Guangdong: 2 ♂, Heshan County, 26.VIII., 10.X. 2002, coll. Liu Guilin, Jia Fenglong and Chen Haidong; Guangxi: 1 ♂, Nonggang, Longzhou County, alt. 271m, 19.IV. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei. DIstrIbutIon. China (Guangdong, Guangxi), Thailand (Chiengmai)., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Banziger, H. (1987) Description of new moths which settle on man and animals in S. E. Asia (genera Thliptoceras, Hemiscopis, Toxobotys, Pyralidae, Lepid.). Revue suisse de zoologie, 94 (4), 671 - 681."]}

Thliptoceras formosanum Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Figs. 5 Thliptoceras formosanum Munroe & Mutuura, 1968: 861. Type locality: China, Taiwan, Urai. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 18–24 mm. Thliptoceras formosanum has the narrow, modified wings of the artatalis group in the male, of dark, greyish fuscous colour, and somewhat paler, more yellowish in the female. It is characterized by a strongly modified male antenna: scape enlarged, base of flagellum enlarged and complex, with large, dorsal fan-shaped scale tuft arranged in a semicircle dorsally of a small depression bordered by two triangular teeth and filled with very small setae, next few segments strongly widened and compressed, curved to form a large shallow sinus. In the male genitalia, this species can be recognized by the claw-shaped sacculus process and the gently concave costa without excavation or spine. In the female genitalia, the weakly sclerotized posterior part of the ductus bursae with an ovate expansion at its base is diagnostic. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Fujian: 1 ♂, Maodi, Nanping County, alt. 850 m, 22.IX. 2002, coll. Wang Xinpu (NKUM); 1 ♂, Xiaobeimen, Fuzhou, 15–16.V. 1933; 1 ♂, Daiyuncun, Mt. Daiyunshan, alt. 902 m, 23.V. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Jiangxi: 1 ♂, Xiagongtang, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 630 m, 28.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan; 1 ♂, Daqiutian, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 500 m, 31.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan; Guangdong: 1 ♂, Heshan County, 10.X. 2002, coll. Liu Guilin; 1 ♂, Kau-lin San. Lien-Ping Distr., alt. 700–900m, 23.IV. 1940, coll. J. L. Gressitt and F. Z. To.; 1 ♂, Mt. Wutongshan, Shenzhen, 15.IX. 1999, coll. Jia Fenglong; 1 ♂, Yangmei, Gaoming County, 23.IV. 2006, coll. Zhang Dandan; 1 ♂, Mt. Nankunshan, 16.VII. 2003, coll. Zhang Dandan and Li Zhiqiang; 7 ♂, Niupoling, Yangchun County, 18–19.VIII. 2009, coll. He Fengxia and Han Xiaolei; 3 ♂, Mt. Heishiding, Fengkai County, 16.VI. 2009, 1.V., 5.X. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan, He Fengxia and Tong Bo et. al.; 5 ♂, Mt. Danxiashan, alt. 96 m, 6–7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Guangxi: 1 ♂, Mt. Pinglongshan, Shangsi County, alt. 510 m, 6.IV. 2002, coll. Hao Shulian and Xue Huaijun (NKUM); 1 ♂, Nonggang, Longzhou County, alt. 271 m, 19.IV. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Guizhou: 3 ♂, Maolan reserve, 1.IX. 2011, coll. Li Jinwei. DIstrIbutIon. China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Taiwan).

Paratalanta stachialis Toll & Wojtusiak, 1957 (Figs. 9, 10, 18, 25) Paratalanta stachialis Toll & Wojtusiak, 1957: 290. Type locality: China, Jilin Province [Kirin], Hsiaoling. Material examined. CHINA: 1 ♂, Mt. Wuling (40.60 ��N, 117.47 ��E), Xinglong County, Hebei Province, 800 m, 21.viii. 2009, leg. Aihuan Zhang & X.L. Tian; 1 ♀, Mt. Wuling (40.60 ��N, 117.47 ��E), Xinglong County, Hebei Province, 800 m, 6.ix. 2011, leg. Qiang Gao; 5 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, Mt. Li, Jincheng County (35.43 ��N, 111.97 ��E), Shanxi Province, 1520 m, 16 ��� 19.viii. 2006, leg. Xu Zhang & Haiyan Bai, gen. slide no. CYP 12021 (♂), CYP 12022 (♀), DXC06356 (♂), ZDD07004 (♀); 5 ♀♀, Mt. Baiyun (33.67 ��N, 111.83 ��E), Song County, Henan Province, 1400 m, 15 ��� 17.viii. 2008, leg. Houhun Li, gen. slide no. CYP 11033, CYP 11050. Diagnosis. Paratalanta stachialis can be recognized easily by having a very narrow and elongate fore wing with broad costal and subterminal bands in male, with an elliptical spot before apex in both male and female. This species is characterized by the editum with basal half narrow and distal half swollen elliptically, the sella stout, straight and finger-shaped, the sacculus with a large thumb-shaped basal process, and the large, curved cornutus that is about 1 / 2 length of the phallus in the male genitalia; and the antrum with the lateral margin concave inward is diagnostic for P. stachialis in the female genitalia (Fig. 25). Paratalanta stachialis is similar to P. cultralis amurensis by the male having an elongate fore wing. It can be differentiated by the fore wing having an elliptical straw yellow spot before apex, the orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct in male, distinct in female; the sacculus with a large thumb-shaped basal process, the sella straight and finger-shaped, and the curved cornutus about 1 / 2 length of the phallus in the male genitalia; and the antrum without lateromedial process in the female genitalia. In P. cultralis amurensis, the elliptical spot is absent before the apex on the fore wing, the orbicular and the reniform stigmata are distinct in both male and female; the sacculus is gently arched dorsobasally, the sella is needlelike, the cornutus is less than 1 / 6 length of the phallus in the male genitalia; and the antrum bears a pair of horn-shaped processes laterally in the female genitalia. Description. Adult (Figs. 9, 10) with wingspan 32.5 ��� 41.5 mm. Wings straw yellow with a light violet shade in male, pale yellow in female; fore wing with costal band, subterminal band, antimedial and postmedial lines grayish brown; costal and subterminal bands connected at apex, where placed a straw yellow elliptical spot; antemedial line from 1 / 5 of costal margin obliquely outward to basal 1 / 4 of 1 A, then curved inward to basal 1 / 4 of dorsal margin; in male cell grayish-brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct, in female cell pale yellow as the wing, orbicular and reniform stigmata distinct, deep brown; postmedial line straight, from 2 / 5 of costal margin to 1 / 2 of dorsal margin, indistinct anteriorly. Hind wing with postmedial line and subterminal band grayish brown; postmedial line slender, straight, parallel with inner margin of subterminal band; subterminal band broad, slightly narrowing from apex to tornus. Fringe of wings silver gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 18): Uncus triangular, narrowly rounded at apex. Valva broad, rounded at apex; dorsal margin straight, ventral margin slightly curved; transtilla small, with sparse setae; sacculus with a large thumbshaped basal process, reaching dorsad acrossing 2 / 3 width of valva, slightly twisted distally; editum with basal half narrow, distal half swollen elliptically; sella stout, straight, finger-shaped. Juxta nearly elliptical. Saccus elliptical. Phallus about 3 / 4 length of valva; cornutus long, thick, curved, about 1 / 2 length of phallus. Distribution. China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Shanxi, Shaanxi). Ecology. Caught in mountains from 800 m to 1520 m. Flight period from middle August to early September. Notes. The male of this species is described for the first time. Sexual dimorphism is evident between male and female., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on pages 129-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700, {"references":["Toll, S. & Wojtusiak, R. J. (1957) Revision of the Palaearctic forms of the genus Paratalanta Meyr. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 2 (13), 279 - 311."]}

Thliptoceras caradjai Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Fig. 8 Thliptoceras caradjai Munroe & Mutuura, 1968: 865. Type locality: China, Jiangsu, Lungtan; Chejiang, West Tien-mu-shan. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 20–22 mm. Thliptoceras caradjai can be recognized by yellow ground colour and forewings with a distinctly sinuate antemedial line and fine postmedial line; a male antenna with a loose whirl of long scales at the base of the flagellum enclosing a small depression, followed by some lightly compressed flagellum segments. Male genitalia: costa of valva with subapical projection nearly triangular, followed by a nearly semicircular excavation; editum arising from nearly middle of valva; medial sacculus process expanded into a broad, rounded lobe; juxta long, plate-shaped, with basal part inflated; anellus doubled, long, band-like, scattered with scale-shaped minute tubercles; aedeagus with an oblique row of few small cornuti distally. Female genitalia with ostium flanked by a pair of sclerotised processes, antrum sclerotised, an anteriorly narrowing cylinder, followed by a short distorted membraneous zone and a sclerotised ring; ductus bursae short and wide, about twice diameter of corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Zhejiang: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Sanmuping, Mt. Tianmushan, alt. 800 m, 15.VIII. 1999, coll. Li Houhun (NKUM); Jiangxi: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daqiutian, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 500 m, 31.VIII. 2007, coll. Pang Hong; 1 ♂, Mt. Jiulianshan, 14.VII. 1975, coll. Song Shimei (IZAS); 1 ♂, Mt. Jinggangshan, 1.VII. 2011, coll. Yang Lijun; Guizhou: 1 ♂, Jiangkou County, alt. 330 m, 27.V. 2002, coll. Wang Xinpu (NKUM); 1 ♀, Suoluo, Chishui County, alt. 240 m, 22.IX. 2000, coll. Yu Haili (NKUM); 1 ♂, Linjiang, Xishui County, alt. 500m, 24.IX. 2000, coll. Yu Haili (NKUM). DIstrIbutIon. China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou).

Paratalanta pandalis (H��bner, 1825) (Figs. 8, 17, 24) Epicorsia pandalis H��bner, 1825: 355. Type locality: Augsburg. Pyralis verbascalis H��bner, 1796: 23. Botys thapsalis Treitschke, 1828: 314. Botys oblitalis Duponchel, 1843: 396. Type locality: France, Seine-et-Marne, Chartrettes. Botys pandalis var. bergunensis Zeller, 1878: 90. Type locality: Ober-Albula in Graub��nden. Botys jessica Butler, 1878: 58. Microstega pandalis (H��bner, 1825): Meyrick, 1890: 450. Paratalanta pandalis (H��bner, 1825): Kirpichnikova, 1986: 52. Material examined. CHINA: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Mt. Wuling (40.60 ��N, 117.47 ��E), Xinglong County, Hebei Province, 800 m, 2.vii. 2009, leg. Qing Jin, gen. slide no. CYP 11024 (♂); 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Mt. Luya Reserve administration (38.65 ��N, 112.02 ��E), Ningwu County, Shanxi Province. 1450 m, 19 ��� 20.vii. 2011, leg. Shulian Hao & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 12019 (♂), CYP 12020 (♀); 4 ♂♂, Xiyao Village, Ningwu County (38.65 ��N, 112.00��E), Shanxi Province, 1475 m, 21 ��� 22.vii. 2011, leg. Shulian Hao & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 12014; 18 ♂♂, Erhezhuang, Pangquangou, Mt. Guandi (39.00��N, 112.30 ��E), Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, 1658 m, 27 ��� 30.vi. 2011, leg. Shulian Hao & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 12015, CYP 12044; 5 ♂♂, Heshangmaozi, Benxi County (41.30 ��N, 124.10 ��E), Liaoning Province, 22 ��� 24.vi. 2010, leg. Jiayu Liu & Yanpeng Cai; 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Mt. Tiecha, Benxi County (41.30 ��N, 124.10 ��E), Liaoning Province, 27 ��� 28.vi. 2010, leg. Jiayu Liu & Yanpeng Cai, gen. slide no. CYP 11046 (♂), CYP 12026 (♂); 1 ♀, Haichao, Lu County (28.97 ��N, 105.28 ��E), Sichuan Province, 27.vii. 1995, leg. Y.X. Zeng, gen. slide no. ZDD0202; 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Daheba, Mayanghe County (28.57 ��N, 108.18 ��E), Guizhou Province, 430 m, 5 ��� 6.vi. 2007, leg. Xicui Du, gen. slide no. AT08006 (♀), CYP 11049 (♀); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Lijiaba, Mayanghe County (28.57 ��N, 108.18 ��E), Guizhou Province, 700 m, 30.ix.2007, 1.x. 2007, leg. Hui Zhen; 3 ♀♀, Yangdian County (33.92 ��N, 106.42 ��E), Gansu province, 27 ��� 31.v. 1984, leg. Houhun Li, gen. slide no. DXC06530, ZDD02027; 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Mt. Liupan Administration (35.60 ��N, 106.10 ��E), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 1700 m, 20.vi. 2008, leg. Shulian Hao & Zhiwei Zhang, gen. slide no. CYP 11026 (♂), CYP 11035 (♀); 4 ♂♂, Hongxia Forest Farm, Mt. Liupan, Ningxia, 2600 m, 21.vi. 2008, leg. Shulian Hao & Zhiwei Zhang, gen. slide no. CYP 11027; 1 ♂, Guamagou Forest Farm, Mt. Liupan, Ningxia, 2100 m, 29.vi. 2008, leg. Shulian Hao & Zhiwei Zhang; 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Qiuqianjia Protection Station, Qiuqianjia Forest Farm, Mt. Liupan, Ningxia, 1700 m, 1 ��� 2.vii. 2008, leg. Shulian Hao & Zhiwei Zhang, gen. slide no. AT08035 (♀), CYP 11028 (♂); 1 ♀, Dongshan Forest Farm, Mt. Liupan, Ningxia, 2050 m, 7.vii. 2008, leg. Shulian Hao & Zhiwei Zhang. Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 8) with wingspan 20.0 ��� 30.5 mm. This species is characterized by the sella ventrally directed and apically far exceeding the ventral margin of the valva in the male genitalia (Fig. 17), and the narrow antrum with setae on the straight posterior margin, and the horn-shaped membranous sacs from between the antrum and the ductus bursae curved backward in the female genitalia (Fig. 24). Host plants. Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc., P. nigra var. henonis Stape, P. pubescens Mazel, P. nigra Munro (Kim & Lee, 1986). Distribution. China (Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan), Korea, Japan, Russia (Ussuri), Europe. Ecology. Caught in lowland from 430 m to 700 m, in mountains from 800 m to 2600 m. Flight period from end of May to early October., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on pages 128-129, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700, {"references":["Hubner, J. (1796 - 1833) Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge. 6. Horde. Die Zunsler; nach der Natur geordnet, beschrieben und vorgestellt (continued by C. Geyer). Augsburg. [i] - [iv], [i - ii], [i - ii], 1 - 30, [i - ii], [i - ii], pls. 1 - 32.","Treitschke, F. (1828) Die Schmetterlinge von Europa (Fortsetzung des Ochsenheimer'schen Werks). Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig, 319 pp.","Zeller, P. C. (1878) Beitrage zur Lepidoptern-Fauna der Ober-Albula in Graubunden (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 39 (1 - 6), 81 - 165.","Butler, A. G. (1878) Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, x + 62 pp. + 20 pls.","Meyrick, E. (1890) XIII. On the classification of the Pyralidina of the European fauna. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 38, 429 - 492, pl. 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1890. tb 02704. x","Kirpichnikova, V. A. (1986) Rewisia roda Paratalanta Meyr. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) fauny Dalnego Wostoka. [Revision of the genus Paratalanta Meyr. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) of the Far Eastern fauna]. In: Ler, P. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i ekologija tscheschuekrylych Dalnego Wostoka. [Systematics and ecology of Lepidoptera from the Far East of the USSR]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Wladiwostok, pp. 50 - 56.","Kim, K. C. & Lee, T. S. (1986) Studies on the host plant, bionomics, and damage of bamboo leaf rollers in Chonnam Province Area. Journal of Applied Entomology, 25 (2), 85 - 92."]}

Key to Thliptoceras species of the Chinese Oriental region based on males 1 Forewing with modified, broad scales along posterior margin in male; 2 A absent in forewing in both sexes.............. 2 - Forewing without modified scales in male; 2 A present in forewing.............................................. 6 2 Sacculus with two processes............................................................................. 3 - Sacculus with one process............................................................................... 5 3 Valva with projections from costa; sacculus with submedial process longer than distal process........... T. anthropophilum - Costa of valva without projection; sacculus with submedial process shorter than distal process........................ 4 4 Uncus without setae; distal sacculus process short, stout, twisted, club-shaped and bent towards base; aedeagus without cornuti...................................................................................... T. impube sp. nov. - Uncus setose; distal sacculus process long, slender, straight, finger-shaped, pointing outwardly; aedeagus with spine-shaped cornuti........................................................................... T. filamentosum sp. nov. 5 Valva with apex not curved upwardly, costa nearly straight with a minute spine at apex; juxta with carina......... T. sinense - Valva with apex curved upwardly, costa strongly concave and without spine at apex; juxta without carina......... T. shafferi 6 Costa of valva with projection, excavation or spine; process of sacculus with rounded apex.......................... 7 - Costa of valva smoothly concave, without process, excavation or spine; process of sacculus with sharply pointed apex............................................................................................... T. formosanum 7 Costa of valva without excavation........................................................................ 8 - Costa of valva with excavation near apex.................................................................. 11 8 Sacculus process long, finger-shaped, extending beyond transtilla....................................... T. artatalis - Sacculus process short, nipple-shaped, not extending beyond transtilla............................................ 9 9 Apex of valva with two small sharp points............................................... T. bicuspidatum sp. nov. - Apex of valva with a single small sharp point.............................................................. 10 10 Anellus without sclerotization; aedeagus with spine-shaped cornuti.................................... T. fulvimargo - Anellus with double thumb-shaped sclerotizations bearing minute spines; aedeagus without cornuti............ T. gladialis 11 Aedeagus with spine-shaped cornuti forming several groups; apex of valva with spine............................. 12 - Aedeagus with an oblique row of cornuti; apex of valva not with spine................................... T. caradjai 12 Costa of valva with finger-shaped process near apex; anellus a somewhat amorphous membrane.... T. semicirculare sp. nov. - Costa of valva with rounded trapezoidal process near apex; anellus comprised of two parallel, connected, trough-shaped scle- rotizations......................................................................... T. bisulciforme sp. nov.

Thliptoceras artatalis (Caradja, 1925) Figs. 3, 4, 15, 16, 30, 39 Crocidophora artatalis Caradja, 1925: 101, pl. 2, figs. 54, 55. Type locality: China, Lienping; Amoy. Thliptoceras artatale: Munroe, 1967: 723. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 22���28 mm. Thliptoceras artatalis has the narrow, modified wings of the artatalis group in the male. It is characterised by yellow wings with contrasting brown termen and fringe, and by a male antenna with scape and pedicel slightly compressed dorsally and flagellum with a short cone-shaped scale-tooth dorsally at base followed by a few lightly compressed segments. Male genitalia with distal half of uncus extremely slender, pencil-shaped, without setae; costa straight with a minute spine at apex; editum long and recurved; process of sacculus long, finger-shaped, extending dorsad beyond transtilla; anellus with two slim and long sclerotized bands which are unique and diagnostic. Female genitalia with antrum funnel-shaped, anteriorly tapering, ductus bursae rather short, longitudinally wrinkled; signum very large (wider than half diameter of corpus bursae) and asymmetrical, with angles bearing carina rounded and the other two narrower and longer; accessory bursae arising from middle part of corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Zhejiang: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Mt. Tianmushan, alt. 295 m, 11.V. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Fujian: 4 ♂, 3 ♀, Tongmu, Mt. Wuyishan, alt. 759 m, 19, 20.V. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Jiangxi: 2 ♀, Xiagongtang, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 630 m, 29.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan; 11 ♂, 27 ♀, Daqiutian, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 500 m, 30, 31.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan and Pang Hong, 12, 13.VII. 2008, He Fengxia, Li Jiahui and Jia Fenglong, et. al.; 3 ♂, 8 ♀, Xiaoxidong, Mt. Jinggangshan, 2.VIII. 2011, coll. Li Jinwei, 2.IX. 2011, coll. Yang Lijun; 2 ♂, Mt. Sanqingshan, alt. 389 m, 15.V. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Guangdong: 5 ♂, 6 ♀, Heshan County, 22���24.IV., 28.V., 16.VII., 6.VIII., 28.VIII. 2002, 28.III. 2003, coll. Liu Guilin, Pang Hong and Chen Haidong; 1 ♀, Mt. Nankunshan, 16.VII. 2003, coll. Zhang Dandan and Li Zhiqiang; 5 ♂, 2 ♀, Lianping County, 12.VIII. 2009, coll. Zeng Yanyi; 3 ♀, Yanshuitian, Mt. Heishiding, Fengkai County, 2.V., 3.VIII. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan, Tong Bo and Xie Jiaqin; 1 ♂, Heerkou, Fengkai County, 2.VII. 2010, coll. Chen Haidong, Zhang Dandan, Tong Bo; 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Mt. Heishiding, Fengkai County, 14.VI. 2009, coll. Han Xiaolei, 7.V. 2010, 1.V. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan and Tong Bo; 12 ♂, 19 ♀, Mt. Danxiashan, alt. 96 m, 408 m, 15.IV., 31.V. 2008, coll. He Fengxia, 6���7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Guangxi: 1 ♂, Mt. Shiwandashan, alt. 352 m, 18.IV. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Hainan, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Mt. Limushan, 4���6.V. 2012, coll. Zhang Dandan, Yang Lijun and Yang Lifeng; Guizhou: 1 ♂, Mt. Fanjingshan, 25.VIII. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei and Chen Xiaohua. DIstrIbutIon. China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou)., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Seria 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2.","Munroe, E. G. (1967) A new species of Thliptoceras from Thailand, with notes on generic and specific synonymy and placement and with designations of lectotypes (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 99 (7), 721 - 727. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 99721 - 7"]}

The caradjai group Wing shape similar in male and female. Without modified scales on forewing in male. 2 A with 1 A forming a loop., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Thliptoceras impube Zhang, sp. nov. Figs. 14, 28, 29, 38, 45 DIagnosIs. Thliptoceras impube, with modified scales along the forewing hind margin in the male, is closely related to T. filamentosum sp. nov., but can be distinguished by its much larger size and paler colour, as well as a very slender uncus without setae, a sacculus with a stout recurved thumb-shaped distal process and a sinuate aedeagus without cornuti. Female genitalia with a heavily adorned lamella postvaginalis and a loosely spiraled ductus bursae with a long sclerotized band in its posteriormost part characterize this species. DescrIptIon. Head. Frons pale yellow, with white lateral bands. Vertex pale buff. Labial palpus exceeding frons by about length of head; yellowish, contrastingly white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellowish, whitish terminally. Basal scaling of proboscis creamy white. Antenna in male with base of flagellum with a small dorsal expansion covered with two small scale tufts, following segments weakly compressed and slightly bent basally in male; yellow, with creamy white or pale yellow scales dorsally. Thorax. Pale yellow. Legs pale yellow; hind tibia with inner mid-spur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute in male, other outer spurs about half length of inner. Wing expanse 22���24 mm. Wings pale yellow, gradually deepening from postmedial line to termen, markings fuscous. Forewing with antemedial line indistinct; cell with orbicular stigma at basal 2 / 3; reniform stigma a short streak, outwardly oblique; postmedial line a string of dots, with anterior 4 / 5 distinct from 2 / 3 costa arched to middle of CuA 2; posterior margin with a band of modified, broad, forwardly oblique scales in male; fringe fuscous, basal half deep and pale yellow alternately. Hindwing translucent whitish at base and costa; postmedial line a string of dots from 3 / 4 costa, straight to behind CuA 1, then bent basad and ending at anal fold; fringe as in forewing, paler in tornal region. Abdomen. Pale yellow. Male genitalia. Uncus small, widest at base, remainder finger-shaped, without setae, distally tapering. Valva with basal 4 / 5 costa slightly convex followed the deeply concave, ventral margin nearly straight except for strongly recurved apex, with a minute excavation at end of costa; editum rather short, distal end asymmetrically inflated on dorsal side, sparsely setose; sacculus with a small triangular process medially and a short, recurved, thumb-shaped process distally. Juxta anchor-shaped, with a long carina. Anellus indistinct. Aedeagus sinuate, vesica without cornuti but with weak filiform parallel wrinkles. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, crescentic, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores with basal half widened, curved medially, about 1.7 times length of apophyses posteriores. Ventral corners of 8 th tergite spinulose. Lamella antevaginalis with sclerotized spinules forming raised, angled ridges of spinules framing the ostium, with a strongly sclerotised, noseshaped ridge in between, in entrance to antrum; antrum strongly sclerotised, subcylindrical, sharply tapering FIGURES 3���14. Venations of Thliptoceras spp. 3���4. T. artatalis. 3, ♂; 4, ♀. 5. T. formosanum. 6���7. T. gladialis. 6, ♂; 7, ♀. 8. T. caradjai. 9���10. T. semicirculare sp. nov. 9, ♂, paratype; 10, ♀, paratype. 11. T. fulvimargo. 12. T. sinense. 13. T. filamentosum sp. nov. 14. T. impube sp. nov. anteriorly, posteriorly connected with two membraneous lateral pockets and with a projecting, semicircular hind margin with a small median notch. Ductus seminalis from just anterior of antrum. Ductus bursae irregularly spiraled, length about 4 times diameter of corpus bursae, with long sclerotized striate band in posterior third of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae globular; signum small (about 1 / 3 diameter of corpus bursae), angles bearing carina pointed and of the angles without carina one flat, the other slightly extended; accessory bursae arising from posterior end of corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guangdong: Mt. Danxiashan (25 ��04'N, 113 �� 64 'E), Shaoguan County, alt. 408 m, 1.VI. 2008, coll. Jia Fenglong, genitalia slide No. HFX 08193; Paratypes: Guangdong: 50 ♂, 60 ♀, Mt. Danxiashan (25 ��04'N, 113 �� 64 'E), Shaoguan County, alt. 96 m, 408 m, 30.V.��� 8.VI. 2008, 6��� 7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei and He Fengxia et. al., genitalia slide No. HFX 08191, HFX 08192, HFX 08195, HFX 08196, ZDD 10060, XJW 12004, XJW 12010, XJW 12011, XJW 12024, XJW 12025, XJW 12026, venation slide No. ZDD 10083; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Shimentai, Yingde county (24 �� 10 'N, 113 �� 22 'E), 27.V. 2012, coll. Yang Lijun and Jia Qianju, genitalia slide No. XJW 12001; 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Yanshuitian, Mt. Heishiding (23 �� 27 'N, 111 �� 54 'E), Fengkai, 15.VI. 2009, 3.VI, 3.VII. 2011, coll. He Fengxia and Tong Bo et. al., genitalia slide No. ZDD03320. DIstrIbutIon. China (Guangdong). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin impubis = hairless, referring to the uncus without setae., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng, Li, Houhun (2014): Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 3753 (2): 118-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2

Key to the Paratalanta Meyrick in Mainland China based on female genitalia 1 Antrum with short spines or setae....................................................................... 3 - Antrum without spine or setae.......................................................................... 2 2 Ductus bursae 1.5 times length of corpus bursae, posterior 1 / 4 slightly dilated (Fig. 22)................ P. furcata sp. nov. - Ductus bursae 2 times length of corpus bursae, posterior 1 / 4 not dilated (Fig. 25).......................... P. stachialis 3 Antrum without latero-medial process.................................................................... 4 - Antrum with a pair of latero-medial processes............................................................. 5 4 Antrum with a pair of small, oval, membranous sacs and a large round sac protruding from joint of antrum and ductus bursae (Fig. 26)................................................................................... P. ussurialis - Antrum with a pair of curved backward, horn-shaped membranous sacs protruding from joint of antrum and ductus bursae (Fig. 24)................................................................................... P. pandalis 5 Antrum with setae on posterior margin (Fig. 23)............................................ P. cultralis amurensis - Antrum with setae on postero-lateral margin............................................................... 6 6 Antrum with a pair of small, oval, membranous sacs protruding from joint of antrum and ductus bursae (Inoue 1982: Plate 309: 10)................................................................................ P. taiwanensis sasakii - Antrum without binate sacs protruding from joint of antrum and ductus bursae (Fig. 21)............. P. annulata sp. nov., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700, {"references":["Inoue, H. (1982) Pyralidae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S., Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan 1 + 2. Kodansha, Tokyo, Vol. 1: pp. 307 - 404, Vol. 2: pp. 223 - 254, pls. 36 - 48, 228, 296 - 314."]}

Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 Thliptoceras Warren, 1890: 274. Type species: Thliptoceras variabilis Warren, 1890 (by subsequent designation by Hampson, 1896: 377, but cited as " T. cascale Swinhoe "). Mimocomma Warren, 1895: 473. Type species: Mimocomma fulvimargo Warren, 1895, by original designation. Polychorista Warren, 1896: 109. Type species: Thliptoceras calvatalis Swinhoe, 1890, by original designation. Parudea Swinhoe, 1900: 523. Type species: Parudea fimbriata Swinhoe, 1900, by original designation. DIagnosIs. Species of Thliptoceras can be recognized superficially by a hind wing with the postmedial line either parallel with the termen or oblique and straight to behind CuA 1, in the male by the modified antenna and in some species by modified, broad scales along the posterior margin of the forewing. In the male genitalia the combination of a narrowly triangular uncus usually with anteriorly directed lateral setae, a finger- to club-shaped editum, a sacculus with a dorsal process, and presence of an anellus are diagnostic for Thliptoceras. The female genitalia are characterized by a sclerotized tubular antrum. Thliptoceras is superficially similar to Circobotys Butler, 1879, but can be distinguished by the modified antenna with sinus and scale-tuft or scale-tooth, the minute outer mid-spur on the hind tibia, a finger-shaped editum, absence of sella and presence of anellus in the male, and a tubular antrum in the female. Thliptoceras is definitely close to Toxobotys, as Munroe and Mutuura mentioned (1968), based on similar wing pattern and valva shape. The two genera also share a modified antenna and a hind tibia with outer mid-spur minute in the male, a finger-shaped editum, a process to the sacculus and a sclerotized tubular antrum. However, Toxobotys can be distinguished by an uncus with a distal appendix and a vinculum with a long dorsal process. The sclerotized transverse ridges posterior to the ostium in the female could be another apomorphy for Toxobotys. DescrIptIon. Head. Frons flat and oblique, seldom conically projecting. Labial palpus sinuate, obliquely upturned, exceeding frons by about length of head or a little less, third segment porrect. Maxillary palpus filiform. Antenna modified at base in male (except in T. gladialis), usually with sinus and scale-tuft or scale-tooth. Thorax. Hind tibia with inner mid-spur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute in male, other outer spurs about 1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 of inner. Forewing in males sometimes with frenulum hook extending posterodistad from behind costa (subcostal frenulum hook). Wing venation. Forewing cell about half length of wing; R 1 from 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of anterior margin of cell; R 3 and R 4 stalked at about 3 / 5 ��� 2 / 3 of distance from cell to apex; discocellulars curved; M 1 much closer to R 5 at base than to M 2; CuA 2 from 3 / 5 ��� 2 / 3 of posterior margin of cell; 2 A sometimes absent. Hindwing with cell 1 / 3 length of wing; Sc+R 1 and Rs anastomosed for 1 / 3 ��� over 1 / 2 of Rs; CuA 2 from 3 / 5 ��� 3 / 4 of posterior margin of cell. Abdomen. Posterior margin of 7 th sternite bordered by modified scales. Male genitalia. Uncus slender and long, narrowly triangular or inverted T-shaped, usually with anteriorly directed setae along margin and dorsal surface. Valva narrow and long, costa usually with excavation and apex with spine; editum arising from base or middle of valva, curved, finger- to club-shaped, with apex sparsely setose; sella absent; sacculus inflated, with dorsal process submedially, sometimes with a process distally. Anellus usually developed. Aedeagus cylindrical, usually with spine-shaped cornuti. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, densely setose. Anterior apophyses longer, posterior apophyses short. Antrum widened and sclerotized, tubular, with ductus seminalis arising from close to its anterior end. Ductus bursae long, parallel-sided and usually more or less spiraled, usually membraneous. Corpus bursae with accessory bursae, signum rhomboid, sometimes bipartite and irregular. DIstrIbutIon. Thliptoceras occurs in China, Japan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Africa and Costa Rica. In China, the majority of species occurs in the south. BIology. All Chinese material of Thliptoceras has been collected at light and host information is not available. However, B��nziger (1987) observed mostly males of 5 species of Thliptoceras sucking lachrymal and other body fluids from animals or humans: T. cascale (Swinhoe) sucking at the eye of a sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Kerr) and flying around an Indian elephant (Elephas maximus L.); T. anthropophilum B��nziger sucking perspiration of humans and lachrymal fluid of Indian elephants; T. umoremsugente B��nziger sucking perspiration of a human and lachrymal fluid and blood droplets expelled by mosquitoes on elephant and buffalo; T. lacriphagum B��nziger sucking lachrymal fluid of a zebu (Bos indicus L.) and elephant���s skin secretions; T. shafferi B��nziger sucking perspiration of a human. Remarks. Based on external structures, the species of Thliptoceras in the Oriental region of China are divided into three species groups: T. artatalis (Caradja, 1925), T. formosanum Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, T. gladialis (Leech, 1889) and T. bicuspidatum sp. nov. as the artatalis group; T. caradjai Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, T. semicirculare sp. nov., T. bisulciforme sp. nov. and T. fulvimargo (Warren, 1895) as the caradjai group; T. anthropophilum B��nziger, 1987, T. shafferi B��nziger, 1987, T. sinense (Caradja, 1925), T. filamentosum sp. nov. and T. impube sp. nov. as the sinense group. Diagnoses for the three groups are given below. Sexual dimorphism is prominent in Thliptoceras and is expressed in antennal structure, wing shape and colour, wing venation and modified scales on male forewing, as well as in the size of the hind tibial mid-spur. All species in the Oriental region of China except T. gladialis have a modified antennal base. In the hind tibia of males the inner mid-spur is longer than the other inner spurs and the outer mid-spur is minute. Males of the artatalis group have narrowly elongate forewings with an acute apex and a strongly oblique termen. Males of the sinense group have modified scales along the posterior margin of the forewing obliquely extending forward, corresponding with a close approximation of 1 A to CuA 2 at the wing margin. In T. gladialis and T. bisulciforme sp. nov. the female is in general paler than the male. Wing shape and venation are usually very uniform at the generic level in the subfamily Pyraustinae. But in Thliptoceras, there is a substantial range of variation in both wing shape and venation (Figs. 3���14). In males of the artatalis group the forewings are narrowly elongate, with a strongly oblique termen and an acute apex, and the hindwings are nearly triangular. Both sexes of T. caradjai and T. semicirculare sp. nov. have the forewing costa arched and the termen obliquely rounded. All other species have the forewing costa straight and the termen oblique, and the hindwing oblong. Variation of forewing venation is restricted to the course of CuA 2, 1 A and 2 A. In the males of the sinense group vein 1 A is closely approximated to CuA 2 at the wing margin, and 2 A is absent in these species in both sexes. In the artatalis and the caradjai groups 1 A and 2 A usually form a loop, with both ends of 2 A fused with 1 A in T. gladialis and T. bicuspidatum sp. nov. but 2 A reduced in T. artatalis, T. fulvimargo and T. caradjai., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 266-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1896) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol. IV. Printed by Taylor and Francis, London, i - xxviii, 1 - 594.","Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477.","Warren, W. (1896) New species of Pyralidae from the Khasia Hills. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 18, 107 - 119.","Swinhoe, C. (1890) The moths of Burma. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 38, 161 - 296, pls. 6 - 8.","Swinhoe, C. (1900) Noctuina, Geometrina and Pyralidina. In: Swinhoe, C., Walsingham, L. & Durrant, J. H. (Eds.), Catalogue of eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum, Part II. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 1 - 540, pls. 1 - 8.","Banziger, H. (1987) Description of new moths which settle on man and animals in S. E. Asia (genera Thliptoceras, Hemiscopis, Toxobotys, Pyralidae, Lepid.). Revue suisse de zoologie, 94 (4), 671 - 681.","Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Seria 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2.","Munroe, E. G. & Mutuura, A. (1968) Contributions to a study of the Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of temperate East Asia II. The Canadian Entomologist, 100 (8), 861 - 868. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 100861 - 8","Leech, J. H. (1889) New species of Deltoids and Pyrales from Corea, North China, and Japan. The Entomologist, 22, 62 - 71, pls. 2 - 4."]}

Thliptoceras bicuspidatum Zhang, sp. nov. Figs. 19, 32 DIagnosIs. Thliptoceras bicuspidatum is closely related to T. gladialis, with conical frons, similar wing pattern and male genitalia, and the narrow, modified wings of the artatalis group in the male, but it can be distinguished by the modified antennal base in the male, a medially deeply concave V-shaped juxta, an almost square valva apex with a second minute spine on ventrodistal angle, a tubular anellus with 2 invaginated lobe-shaped sclerotizations bearing 4 low carinae. DescrIptIon. Head. Frons conically projecting, pale fuscous, or pale yellowish fuscous, with white lateral bands. Vertex pale fuscous, medially much paler. Labial palpus exceeding frons by a little less than length of head; brown, contrastingly white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus brown, with tip paler. Basal scaling of proboscis creamy white. Antenna scape in male elongated by dorsal scales forming a big distally extended tooth, pedicel and basalmost flagellum segments compressed dorsally, forming a short deep sinus; fuscous, with pale fuscous scales dorsally. Thorax. Tegula pale fuscous. Legs pale fuscous dorsally, dirty white ventrally; hind tibia with inner midspur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute in male, other outer spurs about half length of inner. Wing expanse 28 mm. Forewing pale grey fuscous, markings fuscous; reniform stigma a short streak; postmedial line with anterior 4 / 5 distinct, arched from 2 / 3 costa to middle of CuA 2; fringe fuscous, distal half paler. Hindwing translucent whitish at base and along costa; postmedial line similar as in forewing; fringe as forewing, paler at tornal region. Abdomen. Pale fuscous dorsally, dirty white ventrally. Male genitalia. Uncus narrowly triangular, distal half curved, setose dorsolaterally except apex. Valva simple, narrow, long and nearly parallel-sided with truncate, squared apex with a minute spine-shaped process at both dorsodistal and ventrodistal corners; editum slender and long, gently bent dorsad, apex slightly inflated and with sparse, long and short setae; sacculus with a low and round process medially, sparsely setose distally. Juxta nearly V-shaped, with arms curved and tapering to the tips. Anellus developed, tubular, with 2 invaginated lobe-shaped sclerotizations with 4 low carinae (attached to aedeagus in Fig. 32). Aedeagus weakly bent at 1 / 3, without cornuti. Female unknown. MaterIal examIned. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guangdong: Mt. Danxiashan (25 ��04'N, 113 �� 64 'E), Shaoguan County, alt. 96 m, 7.VII. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide No. XJW 12006; Paratype: Guangdong: 1 ♂, Yanshuitian, Mt. Heishiding (23 �� 27 'N, 111 �� 54 'E), Fengkai County, 3.VI. 2011, coll. Chen Haidong and Tong Bo, genitalia slide No. ZDD 10067. DIstrIbutIon. China (Guangdong). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin bicuspidatus = two pointed, referring to the valva with two pointed processes at distal end., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Paratalanta furcata Zhang et Li, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5, 15, 22) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Yangdian (34.17 ��N, 108.57 ��E), Shannxi Province, 31.v. 1984, leg. Houhun Li, gen. slide no. ZDD02026. Paratypes: 28 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Baotianman, Neixiang County (33.40 ��N, 111.92 ��E), Henan Province, 1200 m, 2 ��� 4, 20 ��� 31.v. 2006, leg. Jinmei Lv & Xu Zhang, gen. slide no. CYP 12045 (♀), DXC06176 (♂), DXC06177 (♀), ZDD07005 (♀); 1 ♀, Guankou, Xunyang County (32.90 ��N, 109.53 ��E), Shaanxi Province, 30.v. 1992, leg. Houhun Li, gen. slide no. ZDD02142; 1 ♀, Xunyangba, Ningshan County (33.53 ��N, 108.53 ��E), Shaanxi Province, 1360 m, 3.vii. 2007, leg. Haili Yu; 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Mt. Liupan (35.37 ��N, 106.30 ��E), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 1900 ��� 2100 m, 27 ��� 29.vi. 2008, leg. Shulian Hao & Zhiwei Zhang. Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to P. pandalis by sharing similar wing pattern, but can be distinguished by the broadly trapezoidal uncus, the furcate sella and the shallowly curved sticklike cornutus in the male genitalia; and by the oval membranous sac arising from the joint of the antrum and the ductus bursae in the female genitalia. In P. pandalis, the uncus is subsquare, the sella is curved and long, and the cornutus is semiorbicular; and the two horn-shaped membranous sacs protrude from the joint of the antrum and the ductus bursae. Description. Adult (Figs. 4, 5). Wing expanse 29.5 ��� 40.5 mm. Body yellow. Vertex whitish yellow, laterally white. Labial palpus with basal segment white, second and third segments pale ocherous yellow on outer surface, creamy white on inner surface, third segment white ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellowish brown, creamy white terminally. Thorax ventral surface creamy white. Fore leg yellowish white except inner surface of femur, tibia and first tarsal segment grayish brown, tarsus tinged with yellow distally; mid and hind legs yellowish white. Wings pale yellow, markings pale yellowish brown; fore wing with antemedial line from costal 1 / 5 to basal 1 / 4 of 1 A, then curved inwardly to dorsal 1 / 3; reniform stigma near costal 1 / 2; postmedial line serrate, from costal 3 / 4 almost parallel with termen to basal 1 / 3 of CuA 2, then curved to dorsal 1 / 2; subterminal line serrate, parallel to termen. Hind wing with postmedial line almost parallel with termen from costal 2 / 3 to CuA 1, then curved inward to basal 1 / 2 of CuA 2, finally curved to dorsal 2 / 3; subterminal line parallel to termen. Fringe concolourous with wings. Male genitalia (Fig. 15). Uncus broadly trapezoidal, clothed with short setae along dorsal surface and lateral margin. Transtilla separate. Valva nearly uniformly wide from base to apex, apex broadly rounded; editum strapshaped basally, inflated and with dense setae dorsally, somewhat forming a brushlike process; sella straight, furcate, with longer branch extending beyond ventroapical angle of valva. Saccus triangular. Juxta somewhat oval, concave in V shape at middle on posterior margin. Phallus about 3 / 5 length of valva, slightly curved, with a shallowly curved sticklike cornutus distally. Female genitalia (Fig. 22). Anterior apophysis curved, slightly longer than posterior apophysis. Antrum quadrangular. Ductus bursae membranous, about 1.5 times length of corpus bursae, posterior 1 / 4 sclerotized and slightly dilated; oval membranous sac arising from the joint of the antrum and the ductus bursae. Corpus bursae globular; signum arms with ridge greatly sharpening to both ends; appendix bursae originating from near posterior end of corpus bursae. Distribution. China (Henan, Ningxia, Shaanxi). Etymology. The species name is from the Latin furcatus (= fork-shaped), referring to the shape of sella. Ecology. Caught in mountains from 1200 m to 2100 m. Flight period from middle May to early July., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on pages 125-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700

Thliptoceras fulvimargo (Warren, 1895) Figs. 11, 23, 35 Mimocomma fulvimargo Warren, 1895: 473. Type locality: Khasia Hills. Crocidophora fulvimargo: Hampson, 1899: 191. Thliptoceras fulvimargo: Munroe 1967: 723. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 25 mm. Thliptoceras fulvimargo is similar and closely related to T. bisulciforme sp. nov. with smoky fuscous wings with obscured pattern elements in the male, but it can be distinguished by its smaller wing expanse (23 mm), a differently modified antennal base in the male with a long scape, a much deeper transverse groove at base of flagellum flanked on both sides by scale ridges, and a less expanded and curved sinus. In the male genitalia the valva is much narrower with a weakly concave, simple costa without process and excavation, the editum is sharply bent dorsad at almost a right angle, the sacculus process does not reach to costa, the anellus is amorphous and membranous, and the aedeagus has spine-shaped cornuti arranged in three groups. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Guangxi: 3 ♂, Nonggang, Longzhou, alt. 271 m, 19.IV. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei. DIstrIbutIon. China (Guangxi), India (Khasia Hills), Burma. This species is reported to China for the first time., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477.","Hampson, G. F. (1899) A revision of the moths of the subfamily Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae. Part II. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, 172 - 291.","Munroe, E. G. (1967) A new species of Thliptoceras from Thailand, with notes on generic and specific synonymy and placement and with designations of lectotypes (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 99 (7), 721 - 727. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 99721 - 7"]}

Thliptoceras caradjai Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Fig. 8 Thliptoceras caradjai Munroe & Mutuura, 1968: 865. Type locality: China, Jiangsu, Lungtan; Chejiang, West Tien-mu-shan. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 20���22 mm. Thliptoceras caradjai can be recognized by yellow ground colour and forewings with a distinctly sinuate antemedial line and fine postmedial line; a male antenna with a loose whirl of long scales at the base of the flagellum enclosing a small depression, followed by some lightly compressed flagellum segments. Male genitalia: costa of valva with subapical projection nearly triangular, followed by a nearly semicircular excavation; editum arising from nearly middle of valva; medial sacculus process expanded into a broad, rounded lobe; juxta long, plate-shaped, with basal part inflated; anellus doubled, long, band-like, scattered with scale-shaped minute tubercles; aedeagus with an oblique row of few small cornuti distally. Female genitalia with ostium flanked by a pair of sclerotised processes, antrum sclerotised, an anteriorly narrowing cylinder, followed by a short distorted membraneous zone and a sclerotised ring; ductus bursae short and wide, about twice diameter of corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Zhejiang: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Sanmuping, Mt. Tianmushan, alt. 800 m, 15.VIII. 1999, coll. Li Houhun (NKUM); Jiangxi: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daqiutian, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 500 m, 31.VIII. 2007, coll. Pang Hong; 1 ♂, Mt. Jiulianshan, 14.VII. 1975, coll. Song Shimei (IZAS); 1 ♂, Mt. Jinggangshan, 1.VII. 2011, coll. Yang Lijun; Guizhou: 1 ♂, Jiangkou County, alt. 330 m, 27.V. 2002, coll. Wang Xinpu (NKUM); 1 ♀, Suoluo, Chishui County, alt. 240 m, 22.IX. 2000, coll. Yu Haili (NKUM); 1 ♂, Linjiang, Xishui County, alt. 500m, 24.IX. 2000, coll. Yu Haili (NKUM). DIstrIbutIon. China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou)., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 270-271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Munroe, E. G. & Mutuura, A. (1968) Contributions to a study of the Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of temperate East Asia II. The Canadian Entomologist, 100 (8), 861 - 868. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 100861 - 8"]}

Paratalanta stachialis Toll & Wojtusiak, 1957 (Figs. 9, 10, 18, 25) Paratalanta stachialis Toll & Wojtusiak, 1957: 290. Type locality: China, Jilin Province [Kirin], Hsiaoling. Material examined. CHINA: 1 ♂, Mt. Wuling (40.60 ºN, 117.47 ºE), Xinglong County, Hebei Province, 800 m, 21.viii. 2009, leg. Aihuan Zhang & X.L. Tian; 1 ♀, Mt. Wuling (40.60 ºN, 117.47 ºE), Xinglong County, Hebei Province, 800 m, 6.ix. 2011, leg. Qiang Gao; 5 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, Mt. Li, Jincheng County (35.43 ºN, 111.97 ºE), Shanxi Province, 1520 m, 16 – 19.viii. 2006, leg. Xu Zhang & Haiyan Bai, gen. slide no. CYP 12021 (♂), CYP 12022 (♀), DXC06356 (♂), ZDD07004 (♀); 5 ♀♀, Mt. Baiyun (33.67 ºN, 111.83 ºE), Song County, Henan Province, 1400 m, 15 – 17.viii. 2008, leg. Houhun Li, gen. slide no. CYP 11033, CYP 11050. Diagnosis. Paratalanta stachialis can be recognized easily by having a very narrow and elongate fore wing with broad costal and subterminal bands in male, with an elliptical spot before apex in both male and female. This species is characterized by the editum with basal half narrow and distal half swollen elliptically, the sella stout, straight and finger-shaped, the sacculus with a large thumb-shaped basal process, and the large, curved cornutus that is about 1 / 2 length of the phallus in the male genitalia; and the antrum with the lateral margin concave inward is diagnostic for P. stachialis in the female genitalia (Fig. 25). Paratalanta stachialis is similar to P. cultralis amurensis by the male having an elongate fore wing. It can be differentiated by the fore wing having an elliptical straw yellow spot before apex, the orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct in male, distinct in female; the sacculus with a large thumb-shaped basal process, the sella straight and finger-shaped, and the curved cornutus about 1 / 2 length of the phallus in the male genitalia; and the antrum without lateromedial process in the female genitalia. In P. cultralis amurensis, the elliptical spot is absent before the apex on the fore wing, the orbicular and the reniform stigmata are distinct in both male and female; the sacculus is gently arched dorsobasally, the sella is needlelike, the cornutus is less than 1 / 6 length of the phallus in the male genitalia; and the antrum bears a pair of horn-shaped processes laterally in the female genitalia. Description. Adult (Figs. 9, 10) with wingspan 32.5 – 41.5 mm. Wings straw yellow with a light violet shade in male, pale yellow in female; fore wing with costal band, subterminal band, antimedial and postmedial lines grayish brown; costal and subterminal bands connected at apex, where placed a straw yellow elliptical spot; antemedial line from 1 / 5 of costal margin obliquely outward to basal 1 / 4 of 1 A, then curved inward to basal 1 / 4 of dorsal margin; in male cell grayish-brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct, in female cell pale yellow as the wing, orbicular and reniform stigmata distinct, deep brown; postmedial line straight, from 2 / 5 of costal margin to 1 / 2 of dorsal margin, indistinct anteriorly. Hind wing with postmedial line and subterminal band grayish brown; postmedial line slender, straight, parallel with inner margin of subterminal band; subterminal band broad, slightly narrowing from apex to tornus. Fringe of wings silver gray. Male genitalia (Fig. 18): Uncus triangular, narrowly rounded at apex. Valva broad, rounded at apex; dorsal margin straight, ventral margin slightly curved; transtilla small, with sparse setae; sacculus with a large thumbshaped basal process, reaching dorsad acrossing 2 / 3 width of valva, slightly twisted distally; editum with basal half narrow, distal half swollen elliptically; sella stout, straight, finger-shaped. Juxta nearly elliptical. Saccus elliptical. Phallus about 3 / 4 length of valva; cornutus long, thick, curved, about 1 / 2 length of phallus. Distribution. China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Shanxi, Shaanxi). Ecology. Caught in mountains from 800 m to 1520 m. Flight period from middle August to early September. Notes. The male of this species is described for the first time. Sexual dimorphism is evident between male and female.

Thliptoceras semicirculare Zhang, sp. nov. Figs. 2, 9, 10, 20, 33, 41 DIagnosIs. Thliptoceras semicirculare is similar to T. buettikeri Munroe, but can be distinguished by the larger wing expanse (23���28 mm), a column-shaped uncus with its basal half not setose; a valva with a finger-shaped process on costa near apex followed by a much deeper semicircular excavation and a more sharply pointed apex; a relatively slender and long editum, sharply bent dorsad. The spinulose region in the ductus bursae is diagnostic for this species. DescrIptIon. Head. Frons yellowish brown, with creamy white lateral bands. Vertex pale yellowish brown. Labial palpus exceeding head by about length of head, yellowish brown, contrastingly creamy white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellowish brown, with apex creamy white. Basal scaling of proboscis creamy white. Antenna brown, with creamy white or pale yellow scales dorsally; male with scape slightly compressed, basal segments of flagellum greatly enlarged, dorsally excised and covered with scale-tuft extending basad from distal part of excision, followed by few weakly compressed segments, expanded and slightly curved. Thorax. Tegulae yellowish brown. Grey-yellow dorsally, paler ventrally. Legs grey-yellow dorsally, paler ventrally; hind tibia with inner mid-spur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute in male, other outer spurs about 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 length of inner. Wing expanse 23���28 mm. Forewing greyish yellow, scattered with yellowish brown scales, much denser between base and antemedial line; markings brown; antemedial line fine, outwardly curved from 1 / 5 costa to 2 / 5 posterior margin, very weakly indented at 2 A; cell with a minute orbicular stigma at 2 / 3 cell length; reniform stigma a short streak, outwardly oblique; postmedial line slightly dentate, from 3 / 4 costa arched to distal 1 / 3 CuA 1, angled to middle of CuA 2, then a sinuate line to 3 / 4 posterior margin; termen brown line; fringe with basal half alternating yellow and fuscous, distal half fuscous. Hindwing greyish yellow, scattered with orange scales, much denser on basal area and gradually decreasing to postmedial line; postmedial line faint, from M 1 straight to behind CuA 1 then bent basad and ending at anal fold, sometimes absent; termen and fringe as in forewing, but yellow at tornal region. Abdomen. Grey-yellow dorsally, paler ventrally. Male genitalia. Uncus column-shaped, wide only at base, parallel-sided, distal half setose dorsolaterally except apex. Valva very slender; costa strongly sclerotized, weakly concave, with a tapering finger-shaped process near apex, followed by a semicircular excavation and sharply pointed apex; ventral margin slightly sinuate; editum slender, long and sharply bent dorsad, apex inflated and sparsely setose; sacculus with a low, round process medially. Juxta a dorsally elongated rhomboid. Anellus a somewhat amorphous membrane. Aedeagus narrowest in middle, with spine-shaped cornuti of different length in several groups. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, crescentic, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores almost 1.5 times length of apophyses posteriores. Antrum sclerotised, asymmetrical, a wide, laterally curved tube, narrowest 1 / 3 from ostium, densely spinulose, posterior part less sclerotised, collar-shaped. Ductus seminalis originating just anterior of antrum. Ductus bursae irregularly spiraled, length about 5 times diameter of corpus bursae, at 1 / 4 from corpus bursae with area of dense sclerotised spinules. Corpus bursae globular, signum small (less than half diameter of corpus bursae), angles bearing carina nearly right-angled and of the angles without carina one blunt, the other rounded; accessory bursae arising from posterior end of corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guangdong: Mt. Nankunshan (23 �� 63 'N, 113 �� 89 'E), Huizhou County, 16.VII. 2003, coll. Zhang Dandan and Li Zhiqiang, genitalia slide No. ZDD03202; Paratypes: Guangdong: 1 ♂, Mt. Nankunshan (23 �� 63 'N, 113 �� 89 'E), Huizhou County, 16.VII. 2003, coll. Zhang Dandan and Li Zhiqiang; 30 ♂, 3 ♀, Mt. Heishiding (23 �� 27 'N, 111 �� 54 'E), Fengkai County, 14���16.VI. 2009, 1. VII., 13.VIII. 2010, 1��� 2.V., 2��� 3.VII., 2.VIII., 5.IX. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan and Tong Bo et. al., genitalia slide No. XJW 12002, ZDD03312, ZDD 10087, venation slide No. ZDD 10086. DIstrIbutIon. China (Guangdong). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin semicircularis = semicircular, referring to the dorsal valva margin with a semicircular excavation near its apex., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 271-272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Thliptoceras gladialis (Leech, 1889) Figs. 1, 6, 7, 17, 18, 31, 40 Botys gladialis Leech, 1889: 67, pl. 3, figs. 5, 15. Type locality: China, Foochau. Crocidophora rufitinctalis Hampson, 1918: 185. Thliptoceras gladiale: Munroe, 1967: 723. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 23���26 mm. Thliptoceras gladialis has the narrow, modified wings of the artatalis group in the male, of greyish yellow colour in the male, more grey towards termen, and deeper yellow with orange tinge in the female with a grey shade along termen. It shares a conically projecting frons with T. bicuspidatum. The antennal base in T. gladialis is unmodified in the male. Male genitalia with narrow, distally rounded valva, smooth, weakly concave costa with a minute spine at apex; juxta hexagonal; anellus amorphously membranous with paired thumb-shaped sclerotizations bearing minute spines; sacculus process very small and short, nipple-shaped. Female genitalia with antrum long, funnel-shaped, ductus bursae long, irregularly coiled; signum diagnostic, large (wider than half diameter of corpus bursae), bipartite, angles bearing carina rounded and widely separated, other two angles extended and narrow but weakly sclerotized. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Guangdong: 1 ♂, Kangle, Guangzhou, 9.IV. 1959; 1 ♂, White Cloud Mountain, P���an-yu District, Canton, 23.V. 1938, coll. W. E. Roffmann; 1 ♀, Mt. Wutongshan, 18.IV. 1998, coll. Jia Fenglong; 6 ♂, 1 ♀, Heshan County, 29.V. 2002, 27��� 28.III. 2003, coll. Liu Guilin; 24 ♂, 26 ♀, Mt. Danxiashan, alt. 96 m, 408 m, 15.IV., 19.IV., 30.V.��� 8.VI. 2008, 6 ��� 7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei, He Fengxia and Chen Haidong et. al.; 8 ♂, 3 ♀, Shimentai, Yingde County, 27.V. 2012, coll. Yang Lijun and Jia Qianju; Yunnan: 1 ♀, Longmen, Mengla County, 23.VII. 2011, coll. Li Jinwei. DIstrIbutIon. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Taiwan)., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 269-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Leech, J. H. (1889) New species of Deltoids and Pyrales from Corea, North China, and Japan. The Entomologist, 22, 62 - 71, pls. 2 - 4.","Munroe, E. G. (1967) A new species of Thliptoceras from Thailand, with notes on generic and specific synonymy and placement and with designations of lectotypes (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 99 (7), 721 - 727. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 99721 - 7"]}

Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen, Li, Jinwei (2014): Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China. Zootaxa 3796 (2): 265-286, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3

Thliptoceras anthropophilum B��nzIger, 1987 Thliptoceras anthropophilum B��nziger, 1987: 672. Type locality: Thailand, Chiengmai. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 22���23 mm. Thliptoceras anthropophilum can be recognized in the male by the modified scales along the posterior margin of the forewing and the antenna with a scale-tooth at the inner side of the flagellum base, followed by several compressed segments. Male genitalia with valva rather wide and upcurved at apex, its costa deeply and irregularly excavated with a serrated process followed by a semicircular excavation near middle, then a low triangular process, sacculus with a finger-shaped process medially and a short triangular process distally, juxta with a dorsal median carina, and aedeagus with two patches of cornuti distally. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Yunnan: 3 ♂, Damenglong, Xishuangbanna, alt. 650 m, 19.V. 1962, coll. Song Shimei (IZAS). DIstrIbutIon. China (Yunnan), Thailand (Chiengmai)., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Banziger, H. (1987) Description of new moths which settle on man and animals in S. E. Asia (genera Thliptoceras, Hemiscopis, Toxobotys, Pyralidae, Lepid.). Revue suisse de zoologie, 94 (4), 671 - 681."]}

Thliptoceras sinense (Caradja, 1925) Figs. 12, 24, 25, 36, 43 Phlyctaenodes decoloralis sinense Caradja, 1925: 105. Type locality: China, Shanghai; Lienping. Thliptoceras sinense: Munroe, 1967: 723. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 24���27 mm. Thliptoceras sinense can be recognized in the male by the modified scales along the posterior margin of the forewing and by a modified antenna with a globular scape, a broadened flagellum with a deep, transverse groove at base ending laterally in an upcurved tooth and delineated distally by a transverse ridge covered with raised appressed scales, followed by several compressed and decreasingly widened segments. Male genitalia with valva gradually widening, widest at 2 / 3, costa straight with a minute spine at apex, ventral margin sinuate, editum short and stout, sacculus process triangular, with sparse seatae, juxta with dorso-medial finger-shaped carina, aedeagus with four groups of cornuti of different length and width near distal end. Female genitalia with antrum sclerotised, irregularly tubular with middle part globularly inflated and thick-walled, posterior margin bilobed; ductus bursae long (length about 8 times diameter of corpus bursae), irregularly spiraled, with scattering of minute spinules in widened posteriormost part; signum small (less than half diameter of corpus bursae). MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Zhejiang: 4 ♂, Chanyuansi, Mt. Tianmushan, alt. 350 m, 15.VIII. 1999, coll. Li Houhun (NKUM); 8 ♂, Houshanmen, Mt. Tianmushan, alt. 500 m, 16.VIII. 1999, coll. Li Houhun (NKUM); Fujian: 1 ♂, Mt. Wuyishan, alt. 759 m, 21.V. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Jiangxi: 3 ♂, Daqiutian, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 500 m, 30.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan, 13.VII. 2008, He Fengxia and Li Jiahui; 3 ♂, Fengxin County, alt. 506 m, 22.IX. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; 2 ♂, Mt. Jinggangshan, 25.IV. 2011, coll. Mei Yan, 30.VI. 2011, coll. Yang Lijun; Guangdong: 4 ♂, 4 ♀, Mt. Danxiashan, alt. 96 m, 17.IV., 31. V., 1.VI. 2008, coll. He Fengxia, 6���7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; 1 ♀, Lianping County, 12.VIII. 2009, coll. Zeng Yanyi; 1 ♂, Yanshuitian, Mt. Heishiding, Fengkai County, 2.V. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan and Tong Bo; Guangxi: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Gaozhai, Xing���an County, alt. 469 m, 28.VIII. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan and Yang Lijun; Hainan: 1 ♂, Mt. Limushan, 5.V. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan and Yang Lijun; Guizhou: 2 ♂, Suoluo, Chishui County, alt. 390 m, 27.V. 2000, coll. Du Yanli (NKUM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Suoluo, Chishui County, alt. 240 m, 22.IX. 2000, coll. Yu Haili (NKUM). DIstrIbutIon. China (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou). Remarks. This species was recorded by Song (2001) and Wang et. al. (2003) from Jiangsu, Fujian, Zhejiang and Hainan, China as T. amamiale (Munroe & Mutuura, 1968). In this study, we re-identified this species. Therefore, T. amamiale is not present in China., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Seria 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2.","Munroe, E. G. (1967) A new species of Thliptoceras from Thailand, with notes on generic and specific synonymy and placement and with designations of lectotypes (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 99 (7), 721 - 727. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 99721 - 7","Song, S. M. (2001) Pyralidae. In: Huang, B. K. (Ed.), Fauna of Insect in Fujian Province of China. Vol. 5. Lepidoptera, Moths. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou, pp. 101 - 226.","Wang, J. S., Song, S. M., Wu, Y. Y. & Chen, T. M. (2003) Fauna of Pyralidae of Wuyishan nature reserve in China. China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 1 - 328, pls. I - IV.","Munroe, E. G. & Mutuura, A. (1968) Contributions to a study of the Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of temperate East Asia II. The Canadian Entomologist, 100 (8), 861 - 868. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 100861 - 8"]}

Key to Thliptoceras species of the Chinese Oriental region based on males 1 Forewing with modified, broad scales along posterior margin in male; 2 A absent in forewing in both sexes.............. 2 - Forewing without modified scales in male; 2 A present in forewing.............................................. 6 2 Sacculus with two processes............................................................................. 3 - Sacculus with one process............................................................................... 5 3 Valva with projections from costa; sacculus with submedial process longer than distal process........... T. anthropophilum - Costa of valva without projection; sacculus with submedial process shorter than distal process........................ 4 4 Uncus without setae; distal sacculus process short, stout, twisted, club-shaped and bent towards base; aedeagus without cornuti...................................................................................... T. impube sp. nov. - Uncus setose; distal sacculus process long, slender, straight, finger-shaped, pointing outwardly; aedeagus with spine-shaped cornuti........................................................................... T. filamentosum sp. nov. 5 Valva with apex not curved upwardly, costa nearly straight with a minute spine at apex; juxta with carina......... T. sinense - Valva with apex curved upwardly, costa strongly concave and without spine at apex; juxta without carina......... T. shafferi 6 Costa of valva with projection, excavation or spine; process of sacculus with rounded apex.......................... 7 - Costa of valva smoothly concave, without process, excavation or spine; process of sacculus with sharply pointed apex............................................................................................... T. formosanum 7 Costa of valva without excavation........................................................................ 8 - Costa of valva with excavation near apex.................................................................. 11 8 Sacculus process long, finger-shaped, extending beyond transtilla....................................... T. artatalis - Sacculus process short, nipple-shaped, not extending beyond transtilla............................................ 9 9 Apex of valva with two small sharp points............................................... T. bicuspidatum sp. nov. - Apex of valva with a single small sharp point.............................................................. 10 10 Anellus without sclerotization; aedeagus with spine-shaped cornuti.................................... T. fulvimargo - Anellus with double thumb-shaped sclerotizations bearing minute spines; aedeagus without cornuti............ T. gladialis 11 Aedeagus with spine-shaped cornuti forming several groups; apex of valva with spine............................. 12 - Aedeagus with an oblique row of cornuti; apex of valva not with spine................................... T. caradjai 12 Costa of valva with finger-shaped process near apex; anellus a somewhat amorphous membrane.... T. semicirculare sp. nov. - Costa of valva with rounded trapezoidal process near apex; anellus comprised of two parallel, connected, trough-shaped scle- rotizations......................................................................... T. bisulciforme sp. nov., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Thliptoceras filamentosum Zhang, sp. nov. Figs. 13, 26, 27, 37, 44 DIagnosIs. Thliptoceras filamentosum with modified scales along the forewing hind margin in the male, is closely related to T. impube sp. nov., both with a weakly modified antenna in male and a distal sacculus process, but the former can be distinguished by the smaller size and the yellowish brown colour, the setose uncus, the long, slender, finger-shape, dorso-distally directed distal sacculus process, as well as an aedeagus with a loose group of cornuti. Female genitalia with a tightly spiraled ductus bursae characterize this species. DescrIptIon. Head. Frons deep yellow, with white lateral bands. Vertex pale yellow, sometimes with creamy white scales medially. Labial palpus exceeding frons by about length of head, yellowish, contrastingly white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellowish, whitish terminally. Basal scaling of proboscis creamy white. Antenna in male with scape enlarged, base of flagellum with small dorsal expansion covered with small scale tuft, following segments weakly compressed and slightly bent basally in male; yellow, with creamy white or pale yellow scales dorsally. Thorax. Pale yellow dorsally, creamy white ventrally. Legs yellow dorsally, creamy white ventrally, hind tibia with inner mid-spur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute in male, other outer spurs about half length of inner. Wing expanse 20���22 mm. Wings yellow-brown, gradually deepening from postmedial line to termen, markings fuscous. Forewing with antemedial line and orbicular stigma indistinct; reniform stigma a short streak; postmedial line with anterior 4 / 5 distinct, slightly dentate, from 2 / 3 costa arched to middle of CuA 2; posterior margin with a band of modified, broad scales pointing obliquely forwards in male; basal half of fringe deep yellow, distal half fuscous. Hindwing translucent whitish at base along costa; postmedial line slightly dentate, from 3 / 4 costa to nearly straight behind CuA 1, then bent basad and ending at anal fold; fringe as in forewing, paler in tornal region. Abdomen. Pale yellow dorsally, creamy white ventrally. Male genitalia. Uncus short and stout, wide at base then parallel-sided with tapered tip, distal half setose dorso-laterally. Valva with basal 2 / 3 of costa straight and ventral margin very weakly sinuate, apex recurved with a minute excavation at apex of costa; editum short, stout and distal half inflated, globular, bent dorsad, sparsely setose; sacculus with an erect, short, stout, thumb-shaped process medially and a long, slender, straight, finger-shaped dorso-distally directed distal process with its inner margins lightly serrate. Juxta anchor-shaped, with a low carina. Anellus indistinct. Aedeagus with a long series of spine-shaped cornuti, vesica with filiform parallel wrinkles, distal end with minute spinules. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, crescentic, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores almost twice length of apophyses posteriores. Lamella postvaginalis lightly sclerotized and spinulose, projecting as a low hump posterior to ostium and forming a vertical fold in dorsal wall of antrum; short, sclerotized, cylindrical antrum posteriorly fused with wide invagination with a lateral pocket on each side and a deeply bilobed and projecting ventral margin. Ductus seminalis originating just anterior to antrum. Ductus bursae tightly and regularly spiraled, length about 3 times diameter of corpus bursae, anteriormost coil much wider, lined with short, sclerotized spinules. Corpus bursae globular, signum small (less than half diameter of corpus bursae), angles bearing carina pointed and of the angles without carina one blunt, the other slightly extended; accessory bursae arising from posterior end of corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guangdong: Mt. Danxiashan (25 ��04'N, 113 �� 64 'E), Shaoguan County, alt. 96 m, 6.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide No. ZDD 10068; Paratypes: Guangdong: 2 ♂, 5 ♀, Mt. Danxiashan (25 ��04'N, 113 �� 64 'E), Shaoguan County, alt. 96 m, 6���7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide No. ZDD 10059, ZDD 10069, XJW 12003, XJW 12009; Jiangxi: 1 ♂, Mt. Jiulianshan (24 �� 54 'N, 114 �� 46 'E), alt. 500 m, 12.VII. 2008, coll. Jia Fenglong, genitalia slide No. ZDD 10074. DIstrIbutIon. China (Jiangxi, Guangdong). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin filamentosus = filiform, referring to the filiform wrinkles in the vesica., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 274-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

The sinense group Males with modified, obliquely forwardly pointing scales along posterior margin of forewing, associated with 1 A closely approximated to CuA 2 near wing margin; females unmodified., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Thliptoceras formosanum Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Figs. 5 Thliptoceras formosanum Munroe & Mutuura, 1968: 861. Type locality: China, Taiwan, Urai. DIagnosIs. Wing expanse 18���24 mm. Thliptoceras formosanum has the narrow, modified wings of the artatalis group in the male, of dark, greyish fuscous colour, and somewhat paler, more yellowish in the female. It is characterized by a strongly modified male antenna: scape enlarged, base of flagellum enlarged and complex, with large, dorsal fan-shaped scale tuft arranged in a semicircle dorsally of a small depression bordered by two triangular teeth and filled with very small setae, next few segments strongly widened and compressed, curved to form a large shallow sinus. In the male genitalia, this species can be recognized by the claw-shaped sacculus process and the gently concave costa without excavation or spine. In the female genitalia, the weakly sclerotized posterior part of the ductus bursae with an ovate expansion at its base is diagnostic. MaterIal examIned. CHINA, Fujian: 1 ♂, Maodi, Nanping County, alt. 850 m, 22.IX. 2002, coll. Wang Xinpu (NKUM); 1 ♂, Xiaobeimen, Fuzhou, 15���16.V. 1933; 1 ♂, Daiyuncun, Mt. Daiyunshan, alt. 902 m, 23.V. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Jiangxi: 1 ♂, Xiagongtang, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 630 m, 28.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan; 1 ♂, Daqiutian, Mt. Jiulianshan, alt. 500 m, 31.VIII. 2007, coll. Zhang Dandan; Guangdong: 1 ♂, Heshan County, 10.X. 2002, coll. Liu Guilin; 1 ♂, Kau-lin San. Lien-Ping Distr., alt. 700���900m, 23.IV. 1940, coll. J. L. Gressitt and F. Z. To.; 1 ♂, Mt. Wutongshan, Shenzhen, 15.IX. 1999, coll. Jia Fenglong; 1 ♂, Yangmei, Gaoming County, 23.IV. 2006, coll. Zhang Dandan; 1 ♂, Mt. Nankunshan, 16.VII. 2003, coll. Zhang Dandan and Li Zhiqiang; 7 ♂, Niupoling, Yangchun County, 18���19.VIII. 2009, coll. He Fengxia and Han Xiaolei; 3 ♂, Mt. Heishiding, Fengkai County, 16.VI. 2009, 1.V., 5.X. 2011, coll. Zhang Dandan, He Fengxia and Tong Bo et. al.; 5 ♂, Mt. Danxiashan, alt. 96 m, 6���7.VI. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Guangxi: 1 ♂, Mt. Pinglongshan, Shangsi County, alt. 510 m, 6.IV. 2002, coll. Hao Shulian and Xue Huaijun (NKUM); 1 ♂, Nonggang, Longzhou County, alt. 271 m, 19.IV. 2012, coll. Li Jinwei; Guizhou: 3 ♂, Maolan reserve, 1.IX. 2011, coll. Li Jinwei. DIstrIbutIon. China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Taiwan)., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 268-269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569, {"references":["Munroe, E. G. & Mutuura, A. (1968) Contributions to a study of the Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of temperate East Asia II. The Canadian Entomologist, 100 (8), 861 - 868. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 100861 - 8"]}

Paratalanta ussurialis (Bremer, 1864) (Figs. 12, 13, 20, 26) Botyodes ussurialis Bremer, 1864: 68. Type locality: Amur. Paratalanta ussurialis (Bremer, 1864): Meyrick, 1890: 441. Material examined. CHINA: 1 ♀, Mt. Xiaowutai, Yu County (39.93 ��N, 114.95 ��E), Hebei Province, 20.viii. 2005, leg. Yunli Xiao, gen. slide no. CYP 12032; 2 ♂♂, Huansongpu Forest Farm (43.85 ��N, 125.36 ��E), Antu County, Jilin Province, 1010 m, 4.viii. 2004, leg. Aihuan Zhang; 1 ♂, Liangshui National natural reserve (47.13 ��N, 128.85 ��E), Heilongjiang Province, 22.vii. 2009, leg. Weichun Li & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 11042; 1 ♂, Mt. Daiyun administration, Dehua County (25.68 ��N, 118.18 ��E), Fujian Province, 870 m, 13.ix. 2002, leg. Xinpu Wang; 2 ♂♂, Shuilian Cave (32.35 ��N, 113.36 ��E), Mt. Tongbai, Henan Province, 300 m, 14.ix. 2000, leg. Houhun Li & O. Karsholt; 9 ♂♂, Dashahe, Daozhen County (28.85 ��N, 107.60 ��E), Guizhou Province, 1350 m, 25.v. 2004, leg. Shulian Hao; 1 ♂, Pingyuan Village, Daozhen County, Guizhou Province, 1300 m, 22.viii. 2004, leg. Yunli Xiao; 1 ♂, Guo Village, Daozhen County, Guizhou Province, 1300 m, 21.viii. 2004, leg. Yunli Xiao; 1 ♂, Dashahe, Daozhen County, Guizhou Province, 1370 m, 25.viii. 2004, leg. Yunli Xiao, gen. slide no. CYP 11032; 1 ♂, Fangxiang Village, Leishan County (26.37 ��N, 108.07 ��E), Guizhou Province, 900 m, 13.ix. 2005, leg. Jialiang Zhang; 16 ♂♂, Huguo Temple, Mt. Fanjing (27.83 ��N, 108.76 ��E), Guizhou Province, 1390 m, 28.v. 2002, leg. Xinpu Wang; 1 ♂, Danfeng County (33.72 ��N, 110.33 ��E), Shaanxi Province, 680 m, 28.v. 1994, leg. Jin Zhou, gen. slide no. ZDD01865; 2 ♀♀, Xinmin Forest Farm, Jingyuan County (35.48 ��N, 106.33 ��E), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 2100 m, 7.viii. 2000, leg. Houhun Li & Shuxia Wang, gen. slide no. ZDD01866. Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 12, 13) with wingspan 30.2 ��� 35.5 mm. This species is characterized by the narrow and long fore wing having a rectangular reniform stigma in male; the straight spine-shaped sella and the juxta concave deeply to 1 / 2 length on the posterior margin in the male genitalia (Fig. 20); and the antrum with long setae on the postero-lateral margin (Fig. 26). Distribution. China (Fujian, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan), Korea, Japan, Russia (Far East). Ecology. Caught in mountains from 300 m to 2100 m. Flight period from end of May to middle September., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on pages 130-131, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700, {"references":["Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere des Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius. Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, St. Petersburg, ser. 7, 8 (1), 1 - 104, pls. 1 - 8.","Meyrick, E. (1890) XIII. On the classification of the Pyralidina of the European fauna. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 38, 429 - 492, pl. 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1890. tb 02704. x"]}

The artatalis group Forewing in male narrowly elongate with straight, strongly oblique termen and acute apex, hindwing nearly triangular; 2 A and 1 A form a loop., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569

Paratalanta cultralis amurensis (Romanoff, 1887) (Figs. 6, 7, 16, 23) Botys cultralis var. amurensis Romanoff, 1887: 30. Type locality: Russia, Amur, Starikova. Paratalanta amurensis (Romanoff, 1887): Hampson, 1899: 251. Paratalanta cultralis amurensis (Romanoff, 1887): Toll & Wojtusiak, 1957: 287. Material examined. CHINA: 1 ♂, Mt. Wuling (40.60 ��N, 117.47 ��E), Xinglong County, Hebei Province, 800 m, 25.vii. 2011, leg. Houhun Li & Yanpeng Cai, gen. slide no. CYP 12017; 2 ♂♂, Xiyao Village (38.65 ��N, 112.00��E), Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, 1475 m, 21.vii. 2011, leg. Shulian Hao & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 12030; 1 ♀, Laotudingzi, Huanren County (41.20 ��N, 125.30 ��E), Liaoning Province, 8.vii. 2009, leg. Weichun Li & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 12031; 1 ♀, Laoshan, Mt. Maoer, Shangzhi City (45.20 ��N, 127.50 ��E), Heilongjiang Province, 16.vii. 2009, leg. Weichun Li & Jiayu Liu, gen. slide no. CYP 1104; 1 ♀, Maoer Mountain National Forest Park (45.28 ��N, 127.52 ��E), Heilongjiang Province, 18.vii. 2009, leg. Weichun Li, gen. slide no. CYP 1202. Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 6, 7) with wingspan 31.5 ��� 37.5 mm. This species is very similar to P. ussurialis, but can be differentiated by the much slenderer fore wing in male, the curved sella apically exceeding ventral margin of the valva in the male genitalia (Fig. 16), and the antrum with a pair of latero-medial processes in the female genitalia (Fig. 23). In P. ussurialis, the sella does not reach ventral margin of the valva, and the antrum has no process. Distribution. China (Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang), Japan, Russia (Amur, Chabarowsk). Ecology. Caught in mountain from 800 m to 1475 m. Flight period in July., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on page 128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700, {"references":["Romanoff, N. M. (1887) Les Lepidopteres de la Transcaucasie. Troisieme partie. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres 3. St. Petersburg, pp. 1 - 49, pls. 1 - 2.","Hampson, G. F. (1899) A revision of the moths of the subfamily Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae. Part II. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London. 1899 (1), 172 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1957. tb 00310. x","Toll, S. & Wojtusiak, R. J. (1957) Revision of the Palaearctic forms of the genus Paratalanta Meyr. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 2 (13), 279 - 311."]}

Paratalanta annulata Zhang et Li, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3, 14, 21) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Yufengsi (26.52 ��N, 100.14 ��E), Lijiang, Yunnan Province, 2650 m, 17.vii. 2001, leg. Houhun Li & Xinpu Wang, gen. slide no. ZDD01713. Paratypes: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Yulongshan Mountain (27.10 ��N, 100.18 ��E), Lijiang, Yunnan Province, 22 ��� 23.vii. 1962, leg. Shimei Song, gen. slide no. IOZ(E) 506397 (♀) (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Liuku (25.52 ��N, 98.52 ��E), Yunnan Province, 900 m, 13.vi. 1981, leg. Shuyong Wang, gen. slide no. IOZ(E) 506435 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Zhibenshan Mountain (24.52 ��N, 101.35 ��E), Zhilong, Yunnan Province, 2430 m, 20.vi. 1981, leg. S.B. Liao (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Diancangshan Mountain (25.58 ��N, 99.52 ��E), Dali, Yunnan Province, 2600 m, 1.vii. 1981, leg. Shuyong Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Jiulingtou, Zigui (30.49 ��N, 110.58 ��E), Hubei Province, 100 m, 26.vii. 1993, leg. Shimei Song, gen. slide no. 9026 (IZCAS). Diagnosis. The sinuate antemedial line and the serrate postmedial line in P. annulata are the same as those in P. pandalis and P. furcata sp. nov., but P. annulata can be recognized by the nearly triangular uncus, the small and hooked sella and the ring-shaped cornutus in the male genitalia; in P. pandalis, the uncus is subtrapezoidal, the sella is curved and long, and the cornutus is semiorbicular; in P. f u rc a t a sp. nov., the uncus is broadly trapezoidal, the sella is furcate and the cornutus is shallowly curved sticklike. In the female genitalia, the antrum with setae covered on postero-lateral margin and with a pair of finger-shaped lateromedial processes extending outwards readily separate P. annulata; the antrum in P. furcata lacks seta and lateromedial process; the antrum in P. pandalis is setose entirely on the posterior margin, and the lateral margin has no process. This species is also similar to P. taiwanensis sasakii in morphology, but can be distinguished by the pale yellow wing with a subterminal line; the juxta concave at middle on the posterior margin and the phallus with a ring-shaped cornutus. In P. taiwanensis sasakii, the straw yellow wing has a subterminal band; the juxta is not concave on the posterior margin, and the cornutus is L-shaped. Description. Adult (Figs. 2, 3). Male wing expanse 30.0��� 37.5 mm. Vertex yellowish-white; frons white, with creamy white stripes laterally. Labial palpus with first segment white, second and third segments pale ochreous yellow on outer surface, creamy white on inner surface, third segment white on ventral surface. Maxillary palpus yellowish brown basally, creamy white terminally. Basal scaling of proboscis creamy white. Antenna with scape white, flagellum yellowish brown. Fore leg pale fuscous, tibia and outside of tarsus white, distal end of tarsus somewhat yellow; mid and hind legs greyish fuscous, tarsus of hind leg pale yellow. Wings pale yellow, markings pale brown. Fore wing densely covered with pale brown scales anteriorly; antemedial line sinuate, from costal 1 / 5 to basal 1 / 3 of 1 A, then to dorsal 1 / 4; cell pale grayish brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct; postmedial line serrate from costal 3 / 4 almost parallel with termen to middle of CuA 2, extending inwardly to near middle of 1 A joining antemedial line, then sinuate to dorsal 1 / 2; subterminal line straight, parallel with termen, serrate along inner margin. Hind wing with postmedial line from costal 2 / 3 almost parallel with termen to CuA 1, extending inwardly to basal 2 / 3 of CuA 2, then straightly to dorsal 1 / 2; subterminal line as fore wing. Fringe concolourous with wings. Female wing expanse 29.0 ��� 34.0 mm. Fore wing with markings straw yellow, not covered with pale brown scales anteriorly, with termen obliquely blunt, orbicular and reniform stigmata conspicuous. Male genitalia (Fig. 14). Uncus nearly triangular, clothed with setae along dorsal surface and lateral margins. Transtilla separate, sparsely setose. Valva rectangular, somewhat narrowed from before apex, apex bluntly rounded; editum with basal 3 / 5 strap-shaped, distal 2 / 5 inflated into fan-shape; sella short and hooked. Saccus triangular. Juxta irregularly rounded, concave in V-shaped at middle on posterior margin. Phallus about 2 / 3 length of valva, with a ring-shaped cornutus at distal end. Female genitalia (Fig. 21). Anterior apophysis curved, slightly longer than posterior apophysis. Antrum developed and sclerotized; posterior margin concave, with setae on postero-lateral margin; with a pair of sclerotized finger-shaped lateromedial processes extending outwards; anteriorly with a rounded membranous sac. Ductus bursae long, about three times length of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae globular, signum almost 3 / 5 diameter of corpus bursae; appendix bursae originating near base of corpus bursae. Distribution. China (Hubei, Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin annulatus (= ring-shaped), referring to the ring-shaped cornutus. Ecology. Caught in lowland from 100 m to 300 m, in mountains from 2400 m to 2650 m. Flight period from middle June to late July., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700

Paratalanta taiwanensis sasakii Inoue, 1982 (Figs. 11, 19) Paratalanta taiwanensis sasakii Inoue, 1982: 362. Type locality: Mt. Mitake-san. Material examined. CHINA: 1 ♂, Mt. Yangga, Wen County (32.93 ��N, 104.68 ��E), Gansu Province, 2000 m, 5.vii. 2001, leg. Houhun Li & Xinpu Wang, gen. slide no. CYP 12047. Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 11) with wingspan 37.0 mm. The orbicular and reniform stigmata, the postmedial line and the subterminal band are well-developed in P. taiwanensis sasakii as in P. ussurialis, but P. taiwanensis sasakii can be recognized by the male having a subtrapezoidal reniform stigma, which is somewhat rectangular in the latter species; the male genitalia are characterised by having a short and curved sella, a juxta that is concave shallowly on the posterior margin, and a phallus with L-shaped cornutus (Fig. 19); in P. ussurialis, the sella is straight, the juxta is concave deeply in a broad V shape on the posterior margin, and the phallus bears a C-shaped cornutus. Distribution. China (Gansu, Hubei, Sichun, Yunnan), Japan, Russia (Far East). Ecology. Caught in mountains at 2000 m. Flight period in early July., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Cai, Yanpeng & Li, Houhun, 2014, Taxonomic review of the genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 118-132 in Zootaxa 3753 (2) on page 130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227700, {"references":["Inoue, H. (1982) Pyralidae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S., Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan 1 + 2. Kodansha, Tokyo, Vol. 1: pp. 307 - 404, Vol. 2: pp. 223 - 254, pls. 36 - 48, 228, 296 - 314."]}

Thliptoceras bisulciforme Zhang, sp. nov. Figs. 21, 22, 34, 42 DIagnosIs. Thliptoceras bisulciforme is similar to T. fulvimargo with smoky fuscous wings with their pattern obscured in male, but it can be distinguished by the larger wing expanse (28���30 mm), a differently modified antennal base in the male, a much wider valva with a rounded trapezoidal process on its costa near the apex, followed by a semicircular excavation, an editum curved rather than bent dorsad, a sacculus process reaching to base of costa, an anellus with two parallel, connected, trough-shaped sclerotizations, and an aedeagus with spineshaped cornuti arranged in a single group. DescrIptIon. Male. Head. Frons fuscous and vertex pale yellowish fuscous. Labial palpus exceeding head by less than length of head, yellowish fuscous, contrastingly creamy white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellowish brown. Basal scaling of proboscis white or pale yellow. Antenna fuscous; scape dorsally compressed, basal segment of flagellum enlarged with a shallow transverse groove lined with small scales followed and partly covered by a long, oblique, appressed scale-tuft extending inwardly, with the following few segments compressed, and moderately expanded, forming a curved sinus. Thorax. Tegula fuscous. Thorax fuscous dorsally and paler ventrally. Legs grey fuscous dorsally, paler ventrally; male hind tibia with inner mid-spur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute, other outer spurs about 1 / 2 length of inner. Wing expanse 28���30 mm. Wings fuscous, markings deep fuscous, antemedial and postmedial lines obscure; reniform stigma ring-shaped, obscure. Fringe fuscous, with pale yellow base line. Abdomen. Fuscous dorsally and paler ventrally. Male genitalia. Uncus very narrowly triangular, setose dorsolaterally except apex. Valva broad, slightly curved, costa roughly parallel to ventral margin, with a large trapezoidal process near apex, followed by a semicircular excavation and a curved, tapering apex with a spine; editum curved dorsad, apex little inflated and sparsely setose; sacculus with medial process a roundish lobe, reaching to base of costa. Juxta long plate-shaped, constricted at ventral 1 / 3; anellus fused with juxta, comprised of two parallel, connected, trough-shaped sclerotizations. Aedeagus slender, with a group of spine-shaped cornuti. Female in general paler than male. Wings pale fuscous, straw yellow beyond postmedial line; fringe pale fuscous, with pale yellow base line, pale yellow at hindwing tornal area. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, crescentic, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores curved in middle, almost twice length of apophyses posteriores. Antrum strongly sclerotised, funnel-shaped, gradually broadening towards ostium, narrowest at 1 / 4 from anterior end, posterior end with collar-shaped extension ventrally. Ductus seminalis originating from close to anterior end of antrum. Ductus bursae irregularly spiraled, length about 5 times diameter of corpus bursae, posterior part inflated and sclerotized. Corpus bursae globular, signum very small (less than 1 / 4 diameter of corpus bursae), angles bearing carina nearly right-angled and the other two blunt; accessory bursae arising laterally from corpus bursae. MaterIal examIned. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guangxi: Mt. Maoershan (25 �� 53 'N, 110 �� 25 'E), Xing���an County, 26.V. 2010, coll. Wu Hongsheng, Zhao Shuang and Tong Bo, genitalia slide No. ZDD 10077; Paratypes: Guangxi: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Mt. Maoershan (25 �� 53 'N, 110 �� 25 'E), Xing���an County, 26.V. 2010, coll. Wu Hongsheng, Zhao Shuang and Tong Bo, genitalia slide No. ZDD 12011. DIstrIbutIon. China (Guangxi). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin bi - = two and sulciformis = trough-shaped, referring to the anellus looking like two parallel, trough-shaped sclerites., Published as part of Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei, 2014, Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China, pp. 265-286 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/230569