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A new monotypic genus of ricaniid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae), Tarehylava gen. nov., is described for T. avymaina sp. nov. (type species), based on four females collected in the spiny forest ecoregion of south-western Madagascar. Habitus, as well as external and internal female genital structures of the new genus and species are described and illustrated.

Laberia palliata Stål, 1866 Figs 3–16 Perinetia reticulata Lallemand & Synave, 1954: 82; syn. nov. Aylaella reticulata – Demir & Özdikmen 2009: 271. Type material Holotype of Laberia palliata Stål, 1866 (Fig. 3) LOCALITY UNKNOWN • ♀; “ Mauri- / tius.”, “ Stevens.”, “Typus”, “140 / 64”, “ Laberia pallida Stål / Holotype (Flatidae)”, “ NHRS-GULI / 000006158 ”; NHRS. Holotype of Perinetia reticulata Lallemand & Synave, 1954 (Fig. 4) MADAGASCAR • ♂; “MADAGASCAR / Rég. Périnet / G. Olsoutiett col. 193”, “TYPE”, “ V. Lallemand et / H. Synave det., 195? / Perinetia g. n. / reticulata sp. n. ”, “Museum Paris / MNHN (EH) / 19341”; MNHN. Additional material examined MADAGASCAR – Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Moramanga District • 1 ♂; “ Analamazotra / Perinet, Madag / OЛСуФЪЕва XI.930”; ZIN • 1 ♀; “Périnet / Madagascar / Seyrig 12.II. 931”; ZIN • 1 ♀; “ Madagascar / province de Toamasina / Andasibe, 1049 m / S18°53,410, E48°22,881 ”, “Museum Paris / frt humid, brd piste nicke / 04-XI-2011 / Th. Bourgoin Rèc. ”, “Museum Paris / MNHN (EH) / 19347”; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; “ Madagascar –CE / border of Andasibe N.P. / “Parc de Orchidés”/ at light; 3.-6. xi.2010 / P. Bănař & local coll. lgt.”, “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno”; MMBC. – Analamanga Region, Manjakandriana District • 1 ♀; “ MADAGASCAR CENTRE / EST LAC MANTASOA / AMBOHIBOATAVO ”, “ III-1973 / A. Peyrieras ”, “Museum Paris / MNHN (EH) / 16576”; MNHN • 1 ♀; “ MADAGASCAR CENTRE / EST LAC MANTASOA / AMBOHIBOATAVO ”, “ III-1973 / A. Peyrieras ”, “Museum Paris / MNHN (EH) / 16577”; MNHN. – Vatovavy Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District • 1 ♂; “ Madagascar –CE / Ranomafana N.P.; 11.– / 18.xi. 2010, 958m / S21°15′22.6″ E47°25′17.8″ / at light; P. Bănař lgt.”, “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno”; MMBC. – Vatovavy Fitovinany Region: Ifanadiana District, Ranomafana commune • 1 ♀; “COLL. MUS. CONGO / Madagascar: Nandihizina / XII – 1937, J. Vadon ”, “ Laberia paliata Stål, det / RGFennah”; MRAC. Redescription MEASUREMENT. Total length 15–18 mm. HEAD. Head with compound eyes narrower than pronotum (Fig. 6A–B). Disc of vertex, pronotum and mesonotum in one plane (Fig. 7A). Vertex (Fig. 6A–D): ratio A/B = 1.0–1.1, with margins slightly elevated, carinate; anterior margin of vertex triangularly produced, apex of vertex obtusely angled; posterolateral margins of vertex slightly diverging posteriad; posterior margin distinctly triangularly incised, to the level of anterior margins of compound eyes; disc of vertex flat, without median carina, with incomplete furrow spreading from posterior margin to anterior ¼ of vertex length in mid line. Frons (Fig. 7C–D): ratio C/E = 0.41–0.49; D/E = 1.58–1.67; frons longer than wide, widest below level of antennal bases; anterior margin prolonged, lateral margins carinately elevate; disc of frons with three carinae, median carina reaching frontoclypeal suture, lateral carinae not exceeding level of lower margins of compound eyes, median and lateral carinae connected at base. Postclypeus with median and lateral carinae; anteclypeus medially carinate; anterior margin of preocular field covered with row of short setae (Fig. 7C–D). Rostrum reaching between metacoxae; apical segment shorter than subapical one. Compound eyes ellipsoidal, posteriorly with narrow callus. Ocelli distinct. Antennal fovea emarginate, posteriorly elevated, shifted to posterior margin of gena. Scape short, cylindrical. Pedicel bulbous, slightly longer than wide, arista about 3 times as long as pedicel; antennal plate organs evenly distributed on pedicel, organized in rows, reaching base of pedicel. Plate organs of crenelated plate type in the merged-tip type group, with ear-like lobes paired organized on the external circle of them, isolated in the internal area (Fig. 8). THORAX. Pronotum (Figs 6, 7E–F): ratio F/B = 0.44–0.54; disc of pronotum arcuate, with median carina and lateral impressions, lateral carinae not reaching posterior margin, anterior angle incised between compound eyes, exceeding anteriorly half of compound eyes length; posterior margin of pronotum widely triangularly incised, incision reaching level of posterior margins of compound eyes; lateral lobes with curved anteriad; distinctly elevated postocular carinae, not reaching posterior margin of pronotum; lateral carina and horizontal carina of side of pronotum absent. Mesonotum (Figs 6A–B, E–F, 7E–F): ratio G/F = 5.3–6.13, G/B+F = 1.80–2.08, G/H = 0.99–1.03; in mid line about as long as wide, diamond-shaped, with disc flat and lateral portions declivous, with five parallel carinae; median carina reaching almost to scutellum, lateral carinae reaching posterior margins, anterolateral carinae pronounced at base than obsolescent posteriad; mesoscutellar groove arcuate posteriad. Tegula with two parallel carinae (Fig. 9A). TEGMINA (Figs 9B–F, 10A–D). Ratio I/J = 1.86–2.02; membranous, with dense network of veins and veinlets. Costal margin curved at base, arcuate to anteroapical angle; anteroapical angle widely arcuate, posterior margin arcuate, posteroapical angle widely obtuse; tornus straight; apex of clavus reaching ⅔ of tegmen length. Costal area present, wide, with apex reaching almost to ⅔ of tegmen length, merely basad of apex of clavus; costal area with prominent, reticulate network of veinlets. Basal cell rounded, slightly longer than wide. Stems ScP+R, MP and CuA leaving basal cells separately, in ScP+R→MP→CuA forking sequence on corium. Stem ScP+R with short stalk, shorter than basal cell, both branches ScP+RA and RP with few furcations, together with veinlets resulting in reticulate pattern, ultimate terminal of RP reaching anteroapical angle. Common stalk of MP about as long as basal cell, both branches MP1+2 and MP 3+4 with number of furcations, together with veinlets resulting in reticulate pattern, the earliest terminal of MP1+2 reaching anteroapical angle, the ultimate terminal of MP3+4 exceeding posteroapical angle, reaching tornus. Common stem CuA distinctly longer than basal cell; branch CuA 1 weaker, with a few furcations, reaching tornus with three terminals, branch CuA 2 stronger, parallel to claval suture and vein CuP, reaching margin with single terminal. Claval suture and vein CuP distinct. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused in basal half of clavus length, joined vein Pcu+A1 reaching apex of clavus; irregular veinlets between CuP and Pcu present. Costal cell narrow, with a few veinlets between stems Pc+CP and ScP+RA. Nodal line not materialized. Chitinized pterostigmal area absent. Veinlet icu present, connecting CuA 2 and apex of clavus. Veins with short, scarce setae on ventral surface. HIND WING. Membranous, costal margin slightly curved at base, then almost straight, slightly concave at level of wing coupling apparatus, anteroapical angle widely rounded, apical margin distinctly curved, posteroapical angle widely rounded, anal lobe widely rounded. Basal cell slightly longer than wide, stems ScP+R and M leaving basal cell with a short common stalk. Stem ScP+R forked at level of wing coupling apparatus, ScP+RA 1 reaching margin distinctly basad of anteroapical angle, with 3 terminals; single rarp veinlet present. RP forked apicad of transverse veinlet rp-mp, about at the level of ending RA vein; RP with 4–6 terminals reaching margin basad of and at anteroapical angle. Transverse veinlets rp-mp 3–4. Stem MP forked usually about level of first fork of RP, with 4–5 terminals, single imp vein present between MP 1+2 and MP 3+4. Stem CuA forked distinctly basad of stem ScP+R forking, before half of wing, multifurcation with 11–16 terminals and with 10–12 icu veins. Stem CuP single, stem Pcu subparallel to CuP in basal portion, apically curved towards CuP. Veins with short scarce setae on ventral surface. LEGS (Figs 10E–F, 11). Profemur slightly flattened, with rows of short setae along margins, subquadrate in cross section, with rows of short setae along margin; basiprotarsomere as long as midprotarsomere, apical protarsomere slightly longer than cumulative length of basi-and midprotarsomeres; tarsal claws distinct, arolium bilobate, wide. Mesofemur (Fig. 10E) slightly longer than profemur, subquadrate in cross section, with rows of short setae along margins, basimesotarsomere (Figs 10E, 11A) as long as midmesotarsomere, apical mesotarsomere slightly longer than cumulative length of basi-and midmesotarsomeres; tarsal claws distinct, arolium bilobate, wide. Metafemur (Fig. 11B) shorter than metatibia, metatibia with 5–7 lateral spines, subquadrate in cross sections, with margins covered with rows of short setae, with asymmetrical 8 apical teeth (Fig. 11B–D). Basimetatarsomere (Fig. 11C–D) long, about as long as cumulative length of mid- and apical metatarsomeres, apical margin incised, with 12 apical teeth, with subapical setae, except the external ones; midmetatarsomere long, lateral teeth distinct, ventromedian margin arcuately convex, with bunch of setae; apical metatarsomere with rows of longitudinal setae; tarsal claws distinct, arolium bilobate. MALE TERMINALIA (Figs 12–13). Anal tube (Figs 12A–C, 13A) tubular, slightly longer than wide with posterior margin concave in dorsal view, produced ventrally in lateral view. Pygofer (Figs 12A–B, 13C) with upper part distinctly wider than ventral, posterior margin strongly sinuated, without any processes. Corpus connectivi (Fig. 13D) short and robust; alae connectivi large, bearing well developed crista. Periandrium (Fig. 13D–F) covering half of aedeagus, slightly asymmetrical, with two pairs of broad spine-like processes; dorsal processes bigger than ventral ones; ventral basal spine-like process on right side and a short membranous bulb, covered with minute teeth. Aedeagus (Fig. 13G–H) distinctly longer than periandrium, long and narrow, apically, with a pair of dorsal sclerotized strong spines, surrounding a pair of hook-like longer processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite (Figs 14A–D, 16A–B) well developed with posterior margin with huge submedian protruding lobes with margin between them weakly arcuate. Anal tube (Figs 14A, 15A–D, 16C–E) round, short: shorter than wide in dorsal view. Paraproct small, apical margin widely rounded, reaching posterior margin of anal tube. Epiproct slightly shorter than paraproctal lobe. Gonoplac (Figs 14A–B, 15E–F, 16F) quadrangular, slightly sclerotized. Gonospiculum bridge short and robust (Fig. 16I–K). Gonocoxa VIII (Fig. 16G–H) trapezoidal, with a deep concave incision on its anterior margin. Endogocoxal lobe (Fig. 16G–H) bearing a membranous endogonocoxal process with minute apical teeth, slightly shorter than the anterior connective lamina. Anterior connective lamina with some strong 5 subterminal and 3 apical well sclerotized teeth (Fig. 16G–H). Fibula anterior slightly curved. Gonapophysis IX elongated, membranous with median lobes united medially, straight, densely covered dorsally with minute, scale-like denticulations, almost as long as lateral lobes, which bear the posterior fibulae; lateral margin with a long, developed finger-like lobe, covered dorsally with minute, scale-like denticulations. COLORATION (Figs 3A–C, 4A–F, 5). General coloration green. In dry and older specimens, general coloration reddish-brown or brown. Hind wing membranous, transparent, with one dark, round spot on anal area. Abdomen in ʻfreshʼ specimens with orange tergites and sternites yellowish, yellowish-brown to brown in oldest specimens. Distribution (Fig 17A) Madagascar (East): Alaotra-Mangoro Region: Moramanga District: Andasibe commune; Analamanga Region: Manjakandriana District, Mantasoa commune; Haute Matsiatra Region: Ambohimahasoa District, Morafeno commune; Vatovavy Fitovinany Region: Ifanadiana District, Ranomafana commune. Note The genus Laberia was described by Stål (1866), based on single female specimen labelled as originating from Mauritius (Fig. 3D), as a new genus belonging to Ricaniidae. This seems to be a case of mislabelling, as since the original description it was never reported on Mauritius, and all specimens available came from Madagascar. Melichar (1898: 296) moved this genus to Nogodinidae, and Fennah (1978: 118) placed it in the tribe Bladinini Kirkaldy, 1907, subtribe Gaetulina Fennah, 1978. The subsequent changes in placement of Laberia in Tropiduchidae resulted from taxonomic views and opinions concerning Gaetuliini (see above). However, the type material of Laberia has never been re-examined since its description and its characters and taxonomic status needed to be reconciled with the taxonomic changes that took place around the families Nogodinidae-Tropiduchidae and their respective delimitation. A few additional specimens of the species were found dispersed in various collections enabling this revisionary study that led to our separation of the genus into a new tropiduchid Elicinae tribe, Laberiini trib. nov. Additionally, during this study, we also discovered that another ‘mythical’ taxon from Madagascar, Perinetia reticulata Lallemand & Synave, 1954, originally described as a species of a monotypic genus of the family Acanaloniidae Amyot & Serville, 1834, was conspecific with Laberia palliata Stål, 1866. The generic name Perinetia was proposed by various authors several times for various species of animals. Currently, all these usages have been replaced by new names. Hence, the generic name Perinetia becomes again available for the purposes of taxonomy. However, the oldest usage of this name for a genus is now believed to be a junior objective synonym. All subsequent proposals with Perinetia as generic name have already been replaced. The usages of the generic name Perinetia are presented below: 1936 Perinetia Collenette: 165 [Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae]; type species: Perinetia leucocloea Collenette, 1936: 166, pl. 12, fig. 8; by original designation. Remark. Perinetia Collenette, 1936 has priority, while the other names should be treated as junior homonyms (Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature – ICZN 1999). Perinetia Collenette, 1936 is a junior subjective synonym of Stenaroa Hampson, 1910: 444 [Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae]. 1952 Perinetia Seyrig: 193. [Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae]; type species: Perinetia nigrifacies Seyrig, 1952: 194; by original designation. Remark. This name was proposed to be replaced by Madagascesa Koçak & Kemal, 2008: 6. 1954 Perinetia Lallemand & Synave: 81 [Insecta: Hemiptera: Acanaloniidae]; type species: Perinetia reticulata Lallemand & Synave, 1954: 82. Remark. This name was proposed to be replaced by Aylaella Demir & Özdikmen, 2009: 271. 1959 Perinetia Barnard: 81 [Crustacea: Malacostraca: Philosciidae]; type species: Philoscia (Perinetia) reducta Barnard, 1958: 81. Remark. This name was proposed to be replaced by Barnardetia Xing & Chen, 2013: 399. 1964 Perinetia Descamps: 203, 206 [Insecta: Orthoptera: Eumastacidae]; type species: Perinetia annulipes Descamps, 1964: 208, figs 349–351; by original designation and monotypy. Remark. This name was proposed to be replaced by Perinetella Descamps & Wintrebert, 1965: 96. However, this name was preoccupied by Perinetella Synave, 1956: 211; type species: Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956: 2012, figs 9–10; by original designation and monotypy (Insecta: Hemiptera: Flatidae), and a new replacement name was proposed – Descampsiella Özdikmen, 2008: 67. 1988 Perinetia Domergue: 135 [Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae]; type species: Perinetia coulangesi Domergue, 1988; by original designation and monotypy. Remark. This name was proposed to be replaced by Brygophis Domergue & Bour, 1989: 805., Published as part of Stroiński, Adam, Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2022, Laberiini, a new tribe of Tropiduchidae planthoppers from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea), pp. 23-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 (1) on pages 31-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1913, http://zenodo.org/record/7051851, {"references":["Stal C. 1866. Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana 4: 1 - 276.","Lallemand V. & Synave H. 1954. Homopteres nouveaux de Madagascar. Le Naturaliste malgache 6: 79 - 82.","Demir E. & Ozdikmen H. 2009. Two new replacement names for genera in Dictyopharidae and Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111 (1): 271. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797 - 111.1.271","Melichar L. 1898. Monographie der Ricaniiden (Homoptera). Annalen des k. k Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 13: 197 - 359.","Fennah R. G. 1978. The higher classification of the Nogodinidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) with a description of a new genus and species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 113: 113 - 120.","Collenette C. L. 1936. New Lymantriidae from Madagascar. Novitates Zoologicae 40: 153 - 169.","ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London.","Hampson G. F. 1910. Descriptions of new African moths. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 5: 430 - 464, 465 - 496. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931008692804","Seyrig A. 1952. Les Ichneumonides de Madagascar. IV Ichneumonidae Cryptinae. Memoires de l'Academie malgache 19 (39): 1 - 213.","Kocak A. O. & Kemal M. 2008. Nomenclatural notes on the genus group names in the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 144: 6.","Barnard K. H. 1958. Terrestrial isopods and amphipods from Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar (serie A) 12: 67 - 111.","Descamps M. 1964. Revision preliminaire des Euschmidtiinae (Orthoptera-Eumastacidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Ser. A, Zoologie 30: 1 - 321.","Descamps M. & Wintrebert D. 1965. Contribution a l'etude des eumastacides malgaches (OrthopteraEumastacidae). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A, Zoologie 34: 1 - 188.","Synave H. 1956. Les Flatidae de Madagascar (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Memoires de l'Institut des Sciences de Madagascar (Ser. E) 7: 197 - 217.","Ozdikmen H. 2008. Nomenclatural changes for some Orthoptera (Ensifera and Caelifera). Zootaxa 1763: 67 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1763.1.6","Domergue C. A. 1988. Notes sur les serpents de la region malgache. 8. Colubridae nouveaux. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Sect. A Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie animales 10 (1): 135 - 146.","Domergue C. A. & Bour R. 1989. Brygophis nom nouveau pour Perinetia Domergue, 1988, preemploye (Reptilia, Colubridae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Sect. A Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie animales 10 (ser. 4): 805 - 806."]}

Tribe Laberiini trib. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F8F8C80E-EA21-4759-AF47-C4BB195F1082 Type genus Laberia Stål, 1866; here designated. Diagnosis Head capsule narrower than thorax, projecting in front of eyes. Pedicel with plate organs on the whole surface reaching to its base. Rostrum long, ending between metacoxae. Tegmina broad, extending far beyond abdomen, held flattening tectiform, with their ventral faces not facing each other; costal area present and wide, with reticulate venation; nodal line not materialized. Hind tibia with 5–7 lateral spines. Metatarsal apical teeth asymmetrical. Male gonostyli symmetrical, not fused. Female: gonoplacs flat quadrangular, wide, without apical marginal teeth. Gonapophyses IX with a long, lateral, digitated process. Anal tube short, ring-shaped. Content Monotaxic tribe currently with one genus – Laberia Stål, 1866. A new simplified key to higher taxa of Elicinae to accommodate the new tribe Laberiini trib. nov. is proposed here: 1. Tegmina usually with distinct nodal line and venation distinctly reticulate distally; gonoplacs elongated, usually with marginal teeth; gonapophyses IX in shape of isosceles triangle.................................................................................................................................... Tropiduchinae Stål, 1866 – Nodal line of tegmina not distinct; gonoplacs rounded without marginal teeth; gonapophyses IX not triangular............................................................................................... Elicinae Melichar, 1915... 2 2. Tegmina short, reticulate, with transverse costal veins; ScP+R and MP with common stem................................................................................................................ Patollini Szwedo & Stroinski, 2013 – Tegmina short or surpassing abdomen; ScP+R and MP leaving basal cell separately..................... 3 3. Tegmina steeply tectiform, surpassing abdomen; in dorsal view lateral margins of gonapophyses IX straight.............................................................................................................................................. 4 – Tegmina flatly tectiform; in dorsal view lateral margins of gonaphysis distinctly protruded with tooth or long digitate process..................................................................................................................... 5 4. Tegmina not reticulated; metatibia with one spine; metatarsal apical teeth asymmetrical...................................................................................................... Bucini Gnezdilov, Bartlett & Bourgoin, 2016 – Tegmina reticulated; metatibia without spines; metatarsal apical teeth regular............................................................................................................................................. Parathisciini Gnezdilov, 2013 5. In dorsal view lateral margin of gonapophysis protruded with a short tooth-like process.......................................................................................................................................... Elicini Melichar, 1915 – In dorsal view lateral margin of gonapophysis bearing a long digitate process............................................................................................................................................................... Laberiini trib. nov., Published as part of Stroiński, Adam, Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2022, Laberiini, a new tribe of Tropiduchidae planthoppers from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea), pp. 23-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1913, http://zenodo.org/record/7051851, {"references":["Stal C. 1866. Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana 4: 1 - 276.","Melichar L. 1915. Monographie der Lophopinen. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 13: 337 - 385.","Szwedo J. & Stroinski A. 2013. An extraordinary tribe of Tropiduchidae from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea). Zootaxa 3647 (2): 371 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.8","Gnezdilov V. M., Bartlett C. R. & Bourgoin T. 2016. A new tribe of Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) with revision of the genus Buca and description of asymmetric hind leg spinulation. Florida Entomologist 99 (3): 406 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.099.0311","Gnezdilov V. M. 2013. Contribution to the taxonomy of the family Tropiduchidae Stal (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea) with description of two new tribes from Afrotropical Region. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 60 (2): 179 - 191."]}

Tribe Laberiini trib. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F8F8C80E-EA21-4759-AF47-C4BB195F1082 Type genus Laberia Stål, 1866; here designated. Diagnosis Head capsule narrower than thorax, projecting in front of eyes. Pedicel with plate organs on the whole surface reaching to its base. Rostrum long, ending between metacoxae. Tegmina broad, extending far beyond abdomen, held flattening tectiform, with their ventral faces not facing each other; costal area present and wide, with reticulate venation; nodal line not materialized. Hind tibia with 5–7 lateral spines. Metatarsal apical teeth asymmetrical. Male gonostyli symmetrical, not fused. Female: gonoplacs flat quadrangular, wide, without apical marginal teeth. Gonapophyses IX with a long, lateral, digitated process. Anal tube short, ring-shaped. Content Monotaxic tribe currently with one genus – Laberia Stål, 1866. A new simplified key to higher taxa of Elicinae to accommodate the new tribe Laberiini trib. nov. is proposed here: 1. Tegmina usually with distinct nodal line and venation distinctly reticulate distally; gonoplacs elongated, usually with marginal teeth; gonapophyses IX in shape of isosceles triangle.................................................................................................................................... Tropiduchinae Stål, 1866 – Nodal line of tegmina not distinct; gonoplacs rounded without marginal teeth; gonapophyses IX not triangular............................................................................................... Elicinae Melichar, 1915... 2 2. Tegmina short, reticulate, with transverse costal veins; ScP+R and MP with common stem................................................................................................................ Patollini Szwedo & Stroinski, 2013 – Tegmina short or surpassing abdomen; ScP+R and MP leaving basal cell separately..................... 3 3. Tegmina steeply tectiform, surpassing abdomen; in dorsal view lateral margins of gonapophyses IX straight.............................................................................................................................................. 4 – Tegmina flatly tectiform; in dorsal view lateral margins of gonaphysis distinctly protruded with tooth or long digitate process..................................................................................................................... 5 4. Tegmina not reticulated; metatibia with one spine; metatarsal apical teeth asymmetrical...................................................................................................... Bucini Gnezdilov, Bartlett & Bourgoin, 2016 – Tegmina reticulated; metatibia without spines; metatarsal apical teeth regular............................................................................................................................................. Parathisciini Gnezdilov, 2013 5. In dorsal view lateral margin of gonapophysis protruded with a short tooth-like process.......................................................................................................................................... Elicini Melichar, 1915 – In dorsal view lateral margin of gonapophysis bearing a long digitate process............................................................................................................................................................... Laberiini trib. nov.

The tropiduchid monotypic genus Laberia Stål, 1866, endemic to Madagascar, is placed in a new tribe of its own Laberiini trib. nov. The tribe is placed in the subfamily Elicinae, and can be distinguished from other representatives of the subfamily by the unique combination of morphological characters of the head, tegmina, legs and genital structures. The genus Laberia and its only species Laberia palliata Stål, 1866 are redescribed, chresonymy is presented and nomenclatorial questions are clarified. Distributional data from Madagascar and doubtful presence of the taxon in Mauritius are discussed. Taxonomic content of Elicinae is briefly discussed.

Genus Laberia Stål, 1866 Laberia Stål, 1866: 234. Type species: Laberia palliata Stål, 1866: 234; by monotypy. Perinetia Lallemand & Synave, 1954: 81; syn. nov. Type species: Perinetia reticulata Lallemand & Synave, 1954: 82; by monotypy and original designation. Aylaella Demir & Özdikmen, 2009: 271; syn. nov. Type species: Perinetia reticulata Lallemand & Synave, 1954: 82. Description BODY. Head capsule with vertex longer than wide, strongly projecting in front of eyes. Anterior margin triangular, lateral margins slightly diverging posteriorly, posterior margin anteriorly rounded concave; no median carina. Frons with lateral margins slightly diverging down to below level of the antenna, then converging to continue with lateral margin of postclypeus; median carina weak and thin, continuing on the clypeus; a pair of short dorsal latero-median carinae vanishing at the level of the compound eyes. No median ocellus. Rostrum long, with tip between metacoxae. Pronotum with anterior margin strongly produced, rounded, postocular carina interrupted behind compounds eyes, laterally continuing in an anteriorly curved ridge. Mesonotum with a weak median carina and a pair of lateral ones, anteriorly bifid. Tegulae large, bicarinate. Tegmina broad, extending far beyond the end of abdomen, with venation distinctly reticulate; costal area present and wide, with reticulate venation; ScP+R, MP and CuA branched separately on the basal cell. LEGS. Hind tibia with 5–7 lateral spines. Metatarsus: basimetatarsomere with asymmetrical row of apical teeth, midmetatarsomere with symmetrical row of apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula: 8/12/2. MALE TERMINALIA. Male gonostyli (Figs 12, 13B) symmetrical, not fused medioventrally, more or less trapezoidal, with a small basal triangular expansion on its dorsal margin; capitulum not developed. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Gonoplacs wide, flat, quadrangular, with no apical marginal teeth. Gonapophyses IX with a long lateral digitated process. Anal tube short, ring-shaped. Content Laberia palliata Stål, 1866, Published as part of Stroiński, Adam, Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2022, Laberiini, a new tribe of Tropiduchidae planthoppers from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea), pp. 23-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1913, http://zenodo.org/record/7051851, {"references":["Stal C. 1866. Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana 4: 1 - 276.","Lallemand V. & Synave H. 1954. Homopteres nouveaux de Madagascar. Le Naturaliste malgache 6: 79 - 82.","Demir E. & Ozdikmen H. 2009. Two new replacement names for genera in Dictyopharidae and Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111 (1): 271. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797 - 111.1.271"]}

Tribe Elicini Melichar, 1915 Elicini Melichar, 1915: 379. Type genus Elica Walker, 1857: 86. Content and distribution Currently, Elicinae includes 46 genera and 158 species and Elicini remains the most diverse tribe within the subfamily with 37 genera (1.5% of the Fulgoromorpha) and 143 species (1% of the Fulgoromorpha) (Bourgoin 2022; Fig. 2). Due to its complex history chronologically listed here, that we complete, we provide a graphical historical synopsis of the generic composition of the tribe (Fig. 2A–B). 1915 Elicaini [sic!] Melichar (Melichar: 379; definition, list of genera, key) 1978 Gaetuliina (Fennah: 118; definition, list of genera comprised) 1978 Elicina (Fennah: 118; new status, definition, list of genera comprised) 1984 Gaetuliina Fennah (Fennah: 82; update of definition, transfer of genera from Issidae) 1985 Gaetuliina (O’Brien & Wilson: 89; difficulties of recognition of Nogodinidae after inclusion of Gaetuliinae) 1999 Gaetulina [sic!] (Szwedo & Stroiński: 203; taxonomy) 1999 Gaetulini [sic!] (Szwedo & Stroiński: 297; taxonomy, discussion of characters) 2007 Gaetuliini Fennah (Gnezdilov: 295; new status within Tropiduchidae) 2008 Gaetuliini (Fletcher: 119; transfer of the genus Busas Jacobi, 1909 to Gaetuliini) 2009 Gaetuliina (Stroiński & Gnezdilov: 459; taxonomy) 2009 Gaetuliini (Stroiński & Gnezdilov: 459, 460; redescription of Busas Jacobi, 1909, list of genera) 2010 Gaetuliina (Szwedo & Stroiński: 132; taxonomy) 2010 Gaetulina Fennah, 1978 [sic!] (Szwedo & Stroiński: 137; taxonomy) 2010 Gaetulini Fennah, 1978 [sic!] (Szwedo & Stroiński: 136, 137; fossil record, taxonomy) 2012b Gaetuliini Fennah, 1978 (Gnezdilov: 637, 638; taxonomy, distribution, description of new genus) 2013 Gaetuliina Fennah, 1978 (Szwedo & Stroiński: 371; taxonomy) 2013 Gaetuliini Fennah, 1978 (Szwedo & Stroiński: 380; characters, fossil record) 2013 Elicini Melichar, 1915 (Gnezdilov: 184; taxonomy) 2013 Elicaini Melichar, 1915 (Gnezdilov: 184; taxonomy, synonymy) 2013 Gaetuliina Fennah, 1978 (Gnezdilov: 184; taxonomy, synonymy) 2015 Elicini Melichar, 1915 (Wang M. et al. 2015: 563, 564; taxon concept history, new genus Connelecita Wang & Bourgoin, 2015) 2015 Elicini Melichar, 1915 (Gnezdilov & Bourgoin: 601; two new genera from Madagascar: Bolitropis Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2015 and Bambomada Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2015) 2019 Elicini Melichar, 1915 (Szwedo 2019 in Szwedo et al. 2019, fossil genera: Senogaetulia Szwedo, 2019 and Dakrutulia Szwedo, 2019) The fossil taxa of Elicini are known from the Eocene Baltic amber (Tritophania Jacobi, 1938) and terminal Eocene deposits of Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom (Senogaetulia Szwedo, 2019 and Dakrutulia Szwedo, 2019) (Jacobi 1938; Szwedo & Stroiński 1999; Szwedo et al. 2019). The tribe Elicini is widely distributed in the New World, in South Africa and Madagascar, in south east continental Asia and Indonesia, and in Australia. It exhibits a bimodal latitudinal distribution with peaks in north and south subtropical regions, while it is less represented in the equatorial zone., Published as part of Stroiński, Adam, Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2022, Laberiini, a new tribe of Tropiduchidae planthoppers from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea), pp. 23-54 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1913, http://zenodo.org/record/7051851, {"references":["Melichar L. 1915. Monographie der Lophopinen. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 13: 337 - 385.","Walker F. 1857. Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society 1: 82 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1856. tb 00958. x","Bourgoin T. 2022. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Paris. Version 8, updated 2022 - 02 - 03. Available from http: // hemiptera-databases. org / flow / [accessed 13 Jul. 2022].","Fennah R. G. 1978. The higher classification of the Nogodinidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) with a description of a new genus and species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 113: 113 - 120.","Bourgoin T., Wang R. R., Asche M., Hoch H., Soulier-Perkins A., Stroinski A., Yap S. & Szwedo J. 2015. From micropterism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology 134: 63 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 014 - 0243 - 6","Gnezdilov V. M. & Bourgoin T. 2015. New genera and new species of the tribe Elicini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) with key to Tropiduchid genera known from Madagascar. Annales Zoologici 65 (4): 599 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2015.65.4.007","Szwedo J., Drohojowska J., Popov Y., Simon E. & Wegierek P. 2019. Aphids, true hoppers, jumping plant-lice, scale insects, true bugs and whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera) from the Insect Limestone (latest Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110 (3 - 4): 331 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101900001 X","Jacobi A. 1938. Eine neue Bernsteinzikade (Rhynchota: Homoptera). Sitzungberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 15, 188 - 189.","Szwedo J. & Stroinski A. 1999. Redescription of Tritophania patruelis Jacobi, 1938 from Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Nogodinidae). Annales Zoologici 49 (3): 203 - 207."]}

Nikomiklukha Gnezdilov, 2010 Type species: Issus praecedens Walker, 1857; by original designation by Gnezdilov 2010: 48. Sarimissus Wang, Zhang & Bourgoin, 2019: Gnezdilov, 2019: 1302 [sic!; error]2010 Gnezdilov, p. 48 [new genus] 2019 Gnezdilov, p. 1302 Composition: Nikomiklukha praecedens (Walker, 1857), Nikomiklukha sumatrana Gnezdilov, 2010, Nikomiklukha maclayi Gnezdilov, 2010., Published as part of Qin, Dao-Zheng & Stroi��ski, Adam, 2022, Sarillanus nom. nov., to replace Sarimissus Meng, Qin et Wang, 2020 nec Sarimissus Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2019 (Hemiptera: Issidae), pp. 247-250 in Zootaxa 5093 (2) on page 248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5905274, {"references":["Gnezdilov, V. M. (2010) Three new genera and three new species of the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from Borneo and Sumatra. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153, 41 - 52.","Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. London, 1 (4), 141 - 175.","Wang, M. L., Zhang, Y. L. & Bourgoin, T. (2019) On the tribe Sarimini with two new genera from south of China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). Zootaxa, 4706 (2), 375 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.2.10","Gnezdilov, V. M. (2019) On the synonymy and distribution of the planthopper genera Euroxenus Gnezdilov, 2009 and Nikomiklukha Gnezdilov, 2010 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Entomological Review, 99 (9), 1299 - 1303. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873819090070"]}

Qin, Dao-Zheng, Stroiński, Adam (2022): Sarillanus nom. nov., to replace Sarimissus Meng, Qin et Wang, 2020 nec Sarimissus Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2019 (Hemiptera: Issidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 247-250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.8

Sarimissus Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2019 Type species. Sarimissus maculifrons Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2019: 377; by original designation and monotypy. 2019 Wang, Zhang & Bourgoin, p. 376 [new genus, description] 2019 Gnezdilov, p. 1302 [synonymy under Nikomiklukha Gnezdilov, 2010] 2020 Nikomiklukha: Chang et al. 2020, p. 33 Composition. Monotypic genus��� Sarimissus maculifrons Wang, Zhang & Bourgoin, 2019., Published as part of Qin, Dao-Zheng & Stroi��ski, Adam, 2022, Sarillanus nom. nov., to replace Sarimissus Meng, Qin et Wang, 2020 nec Sarimissus Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2019 (Hemiptera: Issidae), pp. 247-250 in Zootaxa 5093 (2) on page 248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5905274, {"references":["Wang, M. L., Zhang, Y. L. & Bourgoin, T. (2019) On the tribe Sarimini with two new genera from south of China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). Zootaxa, 4706 (2), 375 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.2.10","Gnezdilov, V. M. (2010) Three new genera and three new species of the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from Borneo and Sumatra. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153, 41 - 52.","Chang, Z. - M., Yang, L. & Chen X. - S. (2020) Two new genera with species of the tribe Sarimini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from China. ZooKeys, 956, 31 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 956.47784"]}

Bitara gen. nov. Type species. Bitara augusta sp. nov.; by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis. Similar to Oechalinella Wang, 2017 in Wang et al. 2017, in general appearance. Differ in shape of the head, at lateral margin as long as wide, with anterior margin arcuate (nearly three times as long as wide, with anterior margin acutely angulate in Oechalinella); pronotum with median carina not reaching anterior margin (median carina reaching anterior margin in Oechalinella); male pygofer, medially fused gonostyli and aedeagus asymmetrical, male pygofer with posterodorsal elongate process on right side, left side without process (in Oechalinella male pygofer with posterior margin sinuate, with short lobate semicircular expansion on posterodorsal margin in right side, lobate subquadrate expansion in posterodorsal margin in left side); dorsal margin not excavate at level of anal tube base (dorsal margin distinctly excavate to accommodate base of anal tube in Oechalinella); aedeagal complex straight caudad (aedeagal complex curved in Oechalinella); endosome bulbous, spiniferous, with three distinct long spines (endosome small and smooth in Oechalinella); genital styles tips of dorsal projections teeth-like, directed mediad (margin of dorsal projections smooth and not curved median in Oechalinella); female pregnital sternite narrow, posterior margin medially deeply concave, with median sclerotised process; anal tube distinctly shorter than gonoplac, tubular; gonoplac unilobate, with row of distinct teeth on posterior margin; bases of gonapophyses VIII asymmetrical—left gonapophysis base with lobate, with hook-like process; right base of gonapophysis lobate, smooth. Description. Head including compound eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex chevron-like in dorsal view, with lateral margins as long as wide, anterior margin arcuate. Frons twice as long as broad in middle, roughly quadrate except abruptly narrowing in ventral forth; lateral margins of frons thickened, carinate, median carina simple. Frontoclypeal suture widely angulate. Clypeus with median longitudinal eminence. Pronotum with anterior margin produced anteriad between compound eyes, with median carina not reaching anterior margin, disc of pronotum not elevated. Mesonotum tricarinate, longer than broad, at same plane as vertex and pronotum, flat, with carinae connected at base, lateral carinae reaching posterior margin. Tegmen hyperpterous long and narrow, membranous, without granulation, with three defined lines formed by veins and veinlets: nodal, first and second postnodal lines. Male pygofer, medially fused gonostyli and aedeagus asymmetrical. Female pregenital sternite narrow, posterior margin medially deeply concave, with median sclerotised process.Anal tube distinctly shorter than gonoplac, tubular. Gonoplac unilobate, with row of distinct teeth on posterior margin. Bases of gonapophyses VIII asymmetrical. Etymology. Generic name is derived from the name of the Sepik language Bitara (Berinomo), spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea, in the area where the specimens were collected. Gender: feminine., Published as part of Stroiński, Adam & Szwedo, Jacek, 2021, Bitara gen. nov. of Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) east of Wallace line, pp. 127-139 in Zootaxa 5057 (1) on pages 128-129, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5057.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5585596, {"references":["Wang, R. R., Li, X. L., Szwedo, J., Stroinski, A., Liang, A. P. & Bourgoin, T. (2017) Testing Tropiduchini Stal 1866 (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) monophyly, a young inter-tropical taxon of mainly insular species: taxonomy, distribution patterns and phylogeny, with the description of a new genus from Papua New Guinea. Systematic Entomology, 42 (2), 359 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12219"]}

Bitara augusta sp. nov. (Figs 1–46) Diagnosis. Tegmen with cells C1 and C3 of similar length, terminal MP 2 single. Metatibia with 3 lateral spines (including genual one) and row of 6 apical teeth (4+2) forming irregular line without diastema. Process of right lobe of pygofer, arcuately curved, tapering caudad. Spines of endosoma of different sizes; one oriented caudad, ventral one oriented cephalad; dorsal one the shortest, oriented dorsocephalad. Description. Measurements: Total length 1.03–1.16 cm. Head. Vertex: proportion A/B = 1.64–1.81. Frons: proportion C/E = 0.42–0.45; proportion D/E = 0.53–0.58. Thorax. Pronotum: proportion F/B = 0.64–0.68. Mesonotum: proportion G/F+B = 2.22–2.40, proportion G/F = 5.45–5.90, proportion G/H = 1.09–1.18. Tegmina: proportion I/J = 2.41–2.64. Coloration (Figs 1–5). General colour ochraceous, speckled with lighter and darker irregular markings. Anterior and lateral margins of vertex mahogany-red; disc of vertex lighter straw-coloured. Frons ochraceous, with lighter speckles, median carina coloured as background, lateral carinations mahogany-brown. Postclypeus and anteclypeus ochraceous.Anterolateral and posterior margin of pronotum mahogany-reddish, disc of pronotum strawcolored. Mesonotum with lateral carinae mahogany-reddish, disc light straw-coloured, lateral margins ochraceous, speckled. Tegulae ochraceous. Tegmen transparent, membranous, venation ochraceous. Legs uniformly coloured, ochraceous. Head (Figs 1–13). Head with compound eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex anteriorly projected, much wider than long, chevron-like in dorsal view, anterior margin angulately rounded, posterior margin deeply arcuately incised, lateral margins slightly diverging posteriad, all margins elevated, median carina almost reaching anterior margin; disc of vertex flat. Frons twice as long as broad in middle, roughly quadrate except abruptly narrowing in ventral fourth; lateral margins of frons thickened, carinate, median carina simple. Frontoclypeal suture broadly angulate. Clypeus with median longitudinal eminence. Rostrum reaching hind coxae bases; apical segment longer than broad, shorter than subapical segment. Callus small, posteriad of compound eye (Fig. 5). Ocelli small, below midpoint on compound eye. Antenna with scape very short, pedicel elongated, cylindrical (about as long as wide), with plate organs present on leading surface, tip of pedicel and ventral surface, trichoid sensilla type 1 and type 2 present: plate organs of crenelated type surrounded by a ring of elevated spines, higher than sensorial crests of the plate organ of pedicel. Thorax (Figs 1–7, 11, 14–17). Pronotum short, approximately crescent-shaped in dorsal view; anterior margin roundly produced anteriad between compound eyes; tricarinate, disc not elevated, delimited by lateral carinae, lateral carinae distinctly elevated, median one not so, not reaching anterior margin; posterior margin carinate; sideways T-shaped lateral carina between eye and tegula (base toward tegula). Mesonotum longer than broad, on same plane as vertex and pronotum, flat; conspicuously tricarinate, lateral carinae anteriorly curved to reach median carina, posteriorly parallel, reaching posterior margin; median carina approximately reaching mesoscutellar suture. Mesoscutellar suture straight; posterior margin of mesoscutellum acute. Tegula not carinate. Procoxa shorter than profemur, subquadrate, with margins slightly carinate, smooth. Profemur slightly shorter than protibia, subquadrate in cross-section with rows of setae along. Protibia subquadrate in cross-section; short decumbent setae along margins. Protarsus shorter than half of protibia length, basiprotarsomere scaphoid, apical protarsomere longer than combined length of basiprotarsomere and midprotarsomere. Mesocoxa slightly shorter than mesofemur, subquadrate, with margins smooth. Mesofemur subquadrate in crosssection, shorter than mesotibia, short, decumbent setae along margins. Mesotibia subquadrate in cross-section, with rows of setae along, slightly longer than protibia; Mesotarsus shorter than half of mesotibia length, basimesotarsomere scaphoid, apical mesotarsomere longer than combined length of basiprotarsomere and midprotarsomere. Metacoxa with coxal process widely triangular, very wide at base, spinose at apex. Metatibia distinctly longer than metafemur, not widened apically, with 3 lateral spines and row of 6 apical teeth (4+2) forming irregular line, without diastema: both lateral teeth same size; 4 internal spines different - two lateral internal teeth same size and same as lateral teeth; pair of middle teeth same size and distinctly shorter than others. Basimetatarsomere about as long as cumulative length of mid- and apical metatarsomeres, with apical row of 6 teeth; all teeth almost same size (see also Wang et al. 2017 Fig. 7F). Wings as in Oechalinella (for veins and cells nomenclature see Wang et al. 2017, Figs. 3E, 4D). Tegmen hyperpterous, long and narrow, membranous, without granulation, with three defined transverse lines formed by veins and veinlets (proximal to distal): nodal, first and second postnodal lines. Costal area present, narrower than costal cell, nearly reaching the level of tip of clavus, with sparse cross veins. Costal cell extending beyond midlength the length of tegmen and without transverse veinlets. Stems ScP+R and MP leaving basal cell with a short common stalk; stem ScP+R forked basad of tegmen midlength; branch ScP+RA separated from RP before nodal line. ScP+RA 1 forked before at nodal line, slightly basad of apex of costal area; first fork of RP distinctly apicad of nodal line, at level of first postnodal line. Stem MP forking first at level of nodal line; stalk MP 1+2 markedly longer than stalk MP 3+4; MP 1+2 forked at level of first postnodal line; stalk MP 3+4 forked at level of nodal line. Stem CuA forked basad of ScP+R fork, proximad of tegmen midlength, distad of claval veins junction. Postnodal and subapical row of cells of similar length. Clavus closed (i.e., with CuP reaching margin and claval veins reaching margin), with apical tip acute, basad of end of costal area; claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused basad of half of CuP. Posterocubital cell, postcubital cell and anal cell without transverse veinlets. Hind wings hyaline, elongate, slightly shorter than tegmen, with costal cell widened at base, with anal lobe wide. Stems ScP+R, MP and CuA, fused at base. Stem ScP+R forked at level of wing coupling apparatus (see Wang et al. 2017, Figs 4E & 5D), at level of CuA 1 branching; branch ScP+RA with single or two terminals, reaching margin well basad of apex of wing; branch RP with three terminals reaching margin at apical angle of wing. Stem MP not forked before rp-mp and mp-cua veinlets, three terminals MP 1, MP 2 and MP 3+4 reaching margin forked well apicad. Stem CuA forked slightly basad of stem ScP+R forking, branch CuA 1 forked again basad of mpcua veinlet; terminals CuA 1a, CuA 1b and CuA 2 forked apically, reaching margin with five-six terminals. Stem CuP single. Stem Pcu distinctly curved before apex, fused for a distance with branching of A 1, A 2 single. Stems CuA and CuP connected more distad. Veinlets rp-mp slightly apicad of mp-cua at about same level, apicad of CuA 2 forking, cua-cup more basal, apicad of CuA forking. Male terminalia (Figs 18–29). Pygofer asymmetrical, roughly triangular in lateral view, upper margin declivous, lower margin straight; with posterodorsal elongate process on right side, left side without process; dorsal margin not excavate at level of anal tube base; ventral margin deeply, arcuately excavate. Gonostyli asymmetrical, medially fused into a plate, convex medially in ventral plane, in lateral view left gonostylus elongate, with subapical triangular process, dorsal edge with an oblique hook-like process at about half of gonostylus length, directed cephalad; in lateral view right gonostylus subtriangular, caudodorsal margin arcuate, dorsal margin without hook. Phallic complex straight caudad; periandrium tubular, short, membranous, endosoma bulbous, spiniferous, with three asymmetric distinct spines. Anal tube elongate, tubular, reaching almost to apex of gonostyli; with ventrocaudal, triangular expansion, epiproct and paraproct of similar size. Female terminalia (Figs 30–46). Pregenital sternite narrow, posterior margin medially deeply concave, with median sclerotised process; anal tube distinctly shorter than gonoplac, tubular; gonoplac unilobate, with row of distinct teeth on posterior margin; bases of gonapophyses VIII asymmetrical—left gonapophysis base lobate, with hook-like process; right base of gonapophysis lobate, smooth; gonapophysis VIII with teeth on apical portion of dorsal margin, ventral margin arcuate, with three apical teeth; endogonocoxal process sabre-like, as long as gonapophysis VIII. Type material. Holotype, male: [D.N. Guinea 150. / Standlager a. Aprilfluss / 183, 12.-14.IX.1912 / Kais. Augustafl. Exp. / Bürgers S.G.] (MNHU). Paratypes, 2 males, 1 female: [D.N. Guinea 150. / Standlager a. Aprilfluss / 183, 12.-14.IX.1912 / Kais. Augustafl. Exp. / Bürgers S.G.] —male (MNHU); [D.N. Guinea / Regenberg 550 m / 8.-15. V.13 / Kais. Augustafl. Exp. / Bürgers S.G.], [331 / 9.X.13.] —male (MIZ); [D. N. Guinea / Standlager b. Malu / 12.–13.III.1912 / Dr. Bürgers S.G.] —female (MNHU). Distribution. New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Madang Province.

A new genus and species of the tropiduchid planthopper of the tribe Tropiduchini is described as Bitara augusta gen. et sp. nov. from Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is the 18th species of Tropiduchini and the 9th genus known east of the Wallace line. It is another taxon with characteristic asymmetric genitalia within this tribe.

Ricanula peronata sp. nov. (Figs 7–9, 11) Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word ‘ peronatus ’, referring to the periandrium with boot-shaped ventral processes in ventral view. Diagnosis. The species is similar to Ricanula curva sp. nov., but differs from the latter by having periandrium with boot-shaped ventral processes in ventral view (Fig. 9F); ventral processes of aedeagus oriented ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 9G) (apical part of ventral processes of periandrium strongly curved laterally in dorsal and ventral view; ventral processes of aedeagus S-curved in lateral view in Ricanula curva sp. nov.). Description. Measurements. Length (inc. tegmen): male 6.5–7.4 mm, female 7.3–8.8 mm. Head. Vertex (Figs 7A, C) without median carina. Frons: median and lateral carinae of frontal disc surpassing half of disc, ending about the level of antennae; apical parts of median carina weakly visible. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 7A, C) with small round depressions submedially on each lateral side. Mesonotum: lateral carinae (Figs 7A, C) not reaching posterior margin; antero-lateral carinae not connected with anterior margin. Tegmen: postero-apical part of tegmen with two eye-spot black cells, posterior margin arcuate. Longitudinal veins ScP+RA and RP, MP arising as short common stem from basal cell. Claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused on midlength of CuP vein. Hind wing (Fig. 7F) without transverse veinlets. Hing legs: Basitarsomere of metatarsus with 8 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/8. Male terminalia. Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 8B) nearly square, posterior margin strongly concave, basal margin slightly convex, lateral margins straight; anus placed before midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin. Pygofer (in lateral view, Fig. 8A) with dorsal posterior angle without process. Genital styles (in lateral view, Fig. 8A) broadly triangular; ventral margin weakly sinuate; dorsal margin weakly convex, with small concavity before spine-like process. Phallic complex (Figs 9A–C): Periandrium (Figs 9D–F) with boot-shaped ventral processes in ventral view, apical part of ventral processes straight; dorsal periandrium with U-shaped structure with membranous apical part sclerotized base in dorsal view; lateral margin of periandrium with small rod-shaped processes in lateral view, rodshaped processes hidden in the periandrium (in ventral view); ventral periandrium distinctly convex. Aedeagus (Figs 9G–I) apically with two pairs of processes. Median split asymmetrical: ventral split present only in 1/5; dorsal split very deep, reaching almost basal part. All processes single armed: lateral processes longer than ventral processes, about two thirds of aedeagus; ventral processes oriented ventrally in lateral view. Female terminalia (Figs 8C–I). Pregenital sternite (Fig. 8I): posterior margin medially with two prominent processes, margin between processes with wide and shallow incision. Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 8C) ovoid, with widest part medially, basal margin weakly convex, posterior margin widely concave, lateral margins arcuate; anus placed after midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin. Gonoplac (Fig. 8H): posterior margin with two rows of small teeth. Coloration. General color brown (Figs 7A–B). Median part of frons (Fig. 7D) black brown. Eyes brown (Figs 7B–C), ornamented with irregular brown patches. Gena (Fig. 7B) black brown with two yellowish spots. Tegmen (Figs 7B, E) brown, costal margin with about 14 transverse black brown stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the transverse brown stripes filled with light yellow stripes, sub-medially of tegmen with a large flavescent spot marked by 2 central transverse back lines. Wings brown, each side of A 2 with a longitudinal grayish narrowed band (Fig. 7F). Abdomen and terminalia brown. Type material. Holotype, male, China: 20 Apr. 1964, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 650 m, coll. Baolin Zhang. Paratypes (8 males, 17 females, China): 1 male: 13 Jul. 1958, 650– 700 m, coll. Chunpei Hong; 2 males, 4 females: 21/ 30 Apr. 1974, coll. Yao Chou, Feng Yuan et Yinyue Hu; 1 female: 22 May 1982, 1 female: 24 May 1982, coll. Qinmei Wang et Jingruo Zhou; 1 male, 1 female: 18 May 1991, 1 female: 20 May 1991, 1 male, 1 female: 22 May 1991, 2 females: 26 May 1991, 3 males, 6 females: 31 May 1991, coll. Yinglun Wang et Wanzhi Cai; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun. Distribution. China (Province Yunnan)., Published as part of Zhang, Huan, Wang, Wen-Qian, Stroiński, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2021, Two new species and a new combination in the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 for Ricaniidae from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), pp. 353-369 in Zootaxa 5047 (3) on pages 363-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5540953

Ricanula pulverosa (Stål, 1865) (Figs 10–11) Ricania pulverosa Stål, 1865: 162; Stål, 1870: 767; Atkinson, 1886: 61; Noualhier, 1896: 256; Schmidt, 1905: 176; Distant, 1906: 380; Schumacher, 1915: 130; Melichar, 1898: 240; Esaki, 1932: 1805; Kato, 1933: 7; Zia, 1935: 537; Lallemand, 1942: 70; Jacobi, 1944: 22; Chou et al., 1985: 81. Ricanula pulverosa, Melichar, 1923: 130; Metcalf, 1955: 97; Yang, 1989: 193. Specimens examined. 1 male: 1 Jun. 1974, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, coll. Yao Chou et Feng Yuan; 1 male: 18 Apr. 1982, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, coll. Sumei Wang et Jingruo Zhou. Measurements. Length (inc. tegmen): male 7.8 mm. Remarks. First time after original description, Yang (1989) described and illustrated the male and female genitalia of the species based on Taiwan specimens. The morphological characters examined here are consistent with Yang’s (1989) description, but the male genitalia in this study show somewhat intraspecific variations as follows: 1) anal tube nearly rectangular in dorsal view (Fig. 10G) (irregularly hexagonal in Yang, 1989, Fig. 12G); 2) lateral processes of aedeagus reaching only 1/4 of the dorsal processes (Fig. 10I) (lateral processes reaching 1/2 of the dorsal processes in Yang, 1989, Figs 12H, I). Distribution. China (Provinces Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan), Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, India, Indonesia., Published as part of Zhang, Huan, Wang, Wen-Qian, Stroiński, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2021, Two new species and a new combination in the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 for Ricaniidae from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), pp. 353-369 in Zootaxa 5047 (3) on page 366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5540953, {"references":["Stal, C. (1865) Homoptera nova vel minus congita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akadamiens Forhandlingar, 22, 145 - 165.","Stal, C. (1870) Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska oarnes Hemipter-fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 27, 607 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61898","Atkinson, E. T. (1886) Notes on Indian Rhynchota, No. 6. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 55, 143 - 223.","Noualhier, J. M. (1896) Note sur les Hemipteres recoltes en Indo-Chine et offerts au Museum par M. Pavie. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 10, 251 - 259.","Schmidt, E. (1905) Die Ricaniiden des Stettiner Museums. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 66, 168 - 198.","Distant, W. L. (1906) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. III (Heteroptera-Homoptera). Taylor and Francis, London, 503 pp.","Schumacher, F. (1915) Homoptera in H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Supplementa Entomologica, 4, 108 - 142.","Melichar, L. (1898) Monographie der Ricaniiden (Homoptera). Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 8 (2 - 3), 197 - 359.","Kato, M. (1933) Three colour illustrated insects of Japan. Fascicle 4. Homoptera: Fulgoridae and Others. Koseikaku, Tokyo, 127 pp.","Zia, Y. (1935) Note sur les Flatinae et les Ricaniinae de la chine du sud et du Tonkin (Homoptera Fulgoridae). Sinensia, 6 (5), 525 - 540.","Lallemand, V. (1942) Notes sur quelques especes recueillies par le R. Piel (Musee Heude, Shanghai) et le R. P. de Cooman (Hoa Binh, Tonkin). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise. Musee Heude, 9 (4), 69 - 77.","Jacobi, A. (1944) Die Zikadenfauna der Provinz Fukien in Sudchina und ihre tiergeographischen Beziehungen. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 34, 5 - 66.","Chou, I., Lu, J. S., Huang, J. & Wang, S. Z. (1985) Homoptera, Fulgoroidea. Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 36. Science Press, Beijing, 152 pp.","Melichar, L. (1923) Homoptera, fam. Acanaloniidae, Flatidae et Ricaniidae. Genera Insectorum. Part 182. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, 185 pp.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1955) General catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle IV. Fulgoroidea. Part 16. Ricaniidae. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 199 pp.","Yang, C. T. (1989) Ricaniidae of Taiwan (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). In: Collected Papers on Fulgoroidea of Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series, 8, pp. 171 - 204."]}

Ricanula Melichar, 1898 Ricania (Ricanula) Melichar, 1898: 218. Ricanula Schmidt, 1912: 75. Type species. Ricania noualhieri Melichar, 1898, designated by Schmidt (1912). Remarks. Ricanula can be distinguished from other genera in Ricaniidae by the combination of following characters: costal area of tegmen with sparse and curved transverse veinlets; postero-apical part of tegmen with eyes-spot black cells; tegmen with one line of transverse veinlets; median and posterior parts of tegmen with numerous irregular transverse veinlets. Diagnostic characters. Head. Head including eyes narrower than mesonotum/thorax. Vertex transverse, distinctly wider than long at midline, with all margins well carinate; disc of vertex with or without median carina. Frons with all margins well carinated, at upper margin longer than high at midline, widest at the level of lower margin of compound eyes; lateral margins covering base of pedicel, not incised near the level of ocelli. Frontal disc tricarinate, carinae distinctly separated basally, median carina straight; lateral carinae arcuate, almost parallel to lateral margins. Fronto-clypeal suture arched/arcuate. Clypeus distinctly narrower than frons, without median carina. Compound eyes, with small callus in lower part of posterior margin. Ocelli present. Rostrum-apical segment shorter than subapical one. Antenna pedicel elongate, cylindrical, with functional area at the top. Thorax. Pronotum distinctly longer than vertex at midline; disc of pronotum with median carina and two lateral impressions. Mesonotum elongate, diamond shape, longer in midlength than wide at lateral angles and longer in midlength longer than combined length of vertex and pronotum at midlength; lateral angles placed before midlength; median carina, lateral and antero-lateral carinae present; median carina and lateral carinae connected basally; median carina reaching scutellum, lateral carinae reaching posterior margin, anterolateral carinae not connected with lateral and not surpassing level of lateral angles of mesonotum. Tegmina membranous, elongately-triangular, flattened, with distinct venation and transverse veinlets. Costal margin weakly arcuate, apical angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin weakly sinuate, postclaval margin (tornus) absent. Costal area with transverse veinlets and oblique shallowly incisions; postero-apical part with eyes-spot black cells. Longitudinal veins ScP+RA, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separated. CuA vein first fork placed before the connection of claval veins Pcu+A 1. Tegmen with single apical line of transverse veinlets, median and posterior part of tegmen with numerous irregular transverse veinlets. Hind wing with precostal cell present; ScRA and MP forking distinctly after midlength of wing, CuA forking distinctly before half of wing. Hing legs. Metatibia with 2 lateral spines; apically with 6 well developed spines, external lateral spines bigger than internal lateral spines; basitarsomere of metatarsus a little longer than cumulative length of second and apical tarsomeres. Male terminalia. Anal tube with ventral margin strongly concaved in lateral view. Pygofer higher than wide; dorsal part narrower than ventral one. Genital styles broadly triangular (dorsal and ventral margins nearly parallel in R. fujianensis and R. cacaonis), with sharp spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin. Periandrium with or without processes, with long lateral split surpassing the half of its length; dorsal periandrium a bit shorter than ventral one. Aedeagus long and narrow, apically with 1–2 pairs of symmetrical, well sclerotized, spinose processes. Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with well-developed lateral lobes, median portion of the posterior margin with or without processes. Anal tube not surpassing half of upper margin of the gonoplac. Gonoplac well developed, laterally flattened; posterior margin of the gonoplac with 2–3 rows of small teeth; membranous parts of gonoplac well developed, placed medially on ventral margin. Gonapophysis VIII sabre-like, v-shape in cross section, with teeth at dorsal margin; endogonocoxal process with spiniferous microsculptures, well sclerotized medially; lateral parts membranous, reaching apex of gonapophysis VIII. Gonaphophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge well developed. Bursa copulatrix with two isometric pouches: first pouch with well visible cell and sclerotized ornamentation; second pouch with numerous pores., Published as part of Zhang, Huan, Wang, Wen-Qian, Stroiński, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2021, Two new species and a new combination in the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 for Ricaniidae from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), pp. 353-369 in Zootaxa 5047 (3) on pages 354-355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5540953, {"references":["Melichar, L. (1898) Monographie der Ricaniiden (Homoptera). Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 8 (2 - 3), 197 - 359.","Schmidt, E. (1912) Diagnosen neuer Fulgoriden-Gattungen und Arten nebst einigen Bemerkungen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 73, 67 - 102."]}

Ricanula peronata sp. nov. (Figs 7–9, 11) Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word ‘ peronatus ’, referring to the periandrium with boot-shaped ventral processes in ventral view. Diagnosis. The species is similar to Ricanula curva sp. nov., but differs from the latter by having periandrium with boot-shaped ventral processes in ventral view (Fig. 9F); ventral processes of aedeagus oriented ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 9G) (apical part of ventral processes of periandrium strongly curved laterally in dorsal and ventral view; ventral processes of aedeagus S-curved in lateral view in Ricanula curva sp. nov.). Description. Measurements. Length (inc. tegmen): male 6.5–7.4 mm, female 7.3–8.8 mm. Head. Vertex (Figs 7A, C) without median carina. Frons: median and lateral carinae of frontal disc surpassing half of disc, ending about the level of antennae; apical parts of median carina weakly visible. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 7A, C) with small round depressions submedially on each lateral side. Mesonotum: lateral carinae (Figs 7A, C) not reaching posterior margin; antero-lateral carinae not connected with anterior margin. Tegmen: postero-apical part of tegmen with two eye-spot black cells, posterior margin arcuate. Longitudinal veins ScP+RA and RP, MP arising as short common stem from basal cell. Claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused on midlength of CuP vein. Hind wing (Fig. 7F) without transverse veinlets. Hing legs: Basitarsomere of metatarsus with 8 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/8. Male terminalia. Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 8B) nearly square, posterior margin strongly concave, basal margin slightly convex, lateral margins straight; anus placed before midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin. Pygofer (in lateral view, Fig. 8A) with dorsal posterior angle without process. Genital styles (in lateral view, Fig. 8A) broadly triangular; ventral margin weakly sinuate; dorsal margin weakly convex, with small concavity before spine-like process. Phallic complex (Figs 9A–C): Periandrium (Figs 9D–F) with boot-shaped ventral processes in ventral view, apical part of ventral processes straight; dorsal periandrium with U-shaped structure with membranous apical part sclerotized base in dorsal view; lateral margin of periandrium with small rod-shaped processes in lateral view, rodshaped processes hidden in the periandrium (in ventral view); ventral periandrium distinctly convex. Aedeagus (Figs 9G–I) apically with two pairs of processes. Median split asymmetrical: ventral split present only in 1/5; dorsal split very deep, reaching almost basal part. All processes single armed: lateral processes longer than ventral processes, about two thirds of aedeagus; ventral processes oriented ventrally in lateral view. Female terminalia (Figs 8C–I). Pregenital sternite (Fig. 8I): posterior margin medially with two prominent processes, margin between processes with wide and shallow incision. Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 8C) ovoid, with widest part medially, basal margin weakly convex, posterior margin widely concave, lateral margins arcuate; anus placed after midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin. Gonoplac (Fig. 8H): posterior margin with two rows of small teeth. Coloration. General color brown (Figs 7A–B). Median part of frons (Fig. 7D) black brown. Eyes brown (Figs 7B–C), ornamented with irregular brown patches. Gena (Fig. 7B) black brown with two yellowish spots. Tegmen (Figs 7B, E) brown, costal margin with about 14 transverse black brown stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the transverse brown stripes filled with light yellow stripes, sub-medially of tegmen with a large flavescent spot marked by 2 central transverse back lines. Wings brown, each side of A 2 with a longitudinal grayish narrowed band (Fig. 7F). Abdomen and terminalia brown. Type material. Holotype, male, China: 20 Apr. 1964, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 650 m, coll. Baolin Zhang. Paratypes (8 males, 17 females, China): 1 male: 13 Jul. 1958, 650– 700 m, coll. Chunpei Hong; 2 males, 4 females: 21/ 30 Apr. 1974, coll. Yao Chou, Feng Yuan et Yinyue Hu; 1 female: 22 May 1982, 1 female: 24 May 1982, coll. Qinmei Wang et Jingruo Zhou; 1 male, 1 female: 18 May 1991, 1 female: 20 May 1991, 1 male, 1 female: 22 May 1991, 2 females: 26 May 1991, 3 males, 6 females: 31 May 1991, coll. Yinglun Wang et Wanzhi Cai; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun. Distribution. China (Province Yunnan).

Ricanula curva sp. nov. (Figs 4–6, 11) Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word ‘ curvus ’, referring to ventral processes of aedeagus being Scurved in lateral view; apical part of ventral processes of periandrium strongly curved laterally in dorsal and ventral view. Diagnosis. The species is similar to R. peronata sp. nov., but differs from the latter by having apical part of ventral processes of periandrium strongly curved laterally in dorsal and ventral view (R. peronata —ventral processes boot-shaped in ventral view); ventral processes of aedeagus S-curved in lateral view (R. peronata —ventral processes of aedeagus oriented ventrally in lateral view). Description. Measurements. Length (inclu. teg.): male 6.7–8.4 mm, female 7.2–9.6 mm. Head. Vertex (Figs 4A, C) with or without median carina. Frons: lateral carinae of frontal disc finishing basally at the same level as median carina, ending about the level of antennae. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 4A, C) with small round depressions submedially on each lateral side (in some specimens weakly visible). Mesonotum: lateral carinae of mesonotum (Figs 4A, C) reaching posterior margin; anterolateral carinae connected with anterior margin. Tegmen: postero-apical part of tegmen with two eye-spot black cells, posterior margin almost straight. Longitudinal veins ScRA and RP arising as short common stem from basal cell, MP veins forked on basal cell. Claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused before midlength of CuP vein. Hind wing with r-m transverse veinlets present in distal part of wing (Fig. 4F). Hing legs: Basitarsomere of metatarsus with 8 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/8. Male terminalia (Figs 5A–B, 6A–I). Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 5B) nearly as rectangle; posterior margin strongly concave, basal margin slightly convex, lateral margins straight; anus placed before midlength, paraproct slightly surpassing the posterior margin. Pygofer (in lateral view, Fig. 5A): dorso-posterior angle with process. Genital styles (Fig. 5A) broadly triangular in lateral view; ventral margin convex; dorsal margin weakly convex, with small concavity before spine-like process. Phallic complex (Figs 6A–C): Periandrium (Figs 6D–F) with ventral processes, apical part of ventral processes of periandrium curved laterally (in dorsal and ventral view), ventral periandrium distinctly convex in middle; dorsal periandrium with U-shaped structure with membranous apical part sclerotized base in dorsal view; lateral margin of periandrium with rod-shaped processes in lateral view. Aedeagus (Figs 6G–I) with two pairs of processes. Median split asymmetrical: ventral split present only in 1/5; dorsal split very deep, reaching almost basal part. All processes single armed: lateral processes longer than ventral processes, about 2/3 of aedeagus, curved dorsally at 2/3 of its length; ventral processes S-curved ventrally in lateral view. Female terminalia (Figs 5C–I). Pregenital sternite: posterior margin medially with two processes, margin between processes with strong and deep incision (Fig. 5I). Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 5C) elongate, with posterior part wider than basal one; basal margin almost straight, posterior margin widely concave medially, lateral margins arcuate; anus placed a bit before midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin. Gonoplac posterior margin with two rows of teeth. Coloration. General color brown to dark brown (Figs 4A–B). Lateral margins of frons yellow, area alongside frontoclypeal suture yellow, clypeus brown with yellow patch medially under frontoclypeal suture, rostrum yellowish with brown apex (Fig. 4D). Eyes (Fig. 4B) sordid brown, ornamented with irregular black brown patches. Gena (Fig. 4B) brown with two yellow spots. Tegmen (Figs 4A–B, E) brown to dark brown; costal margin with about 13–16 transverse brown stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the transverse brown stripes filled with light yellow stripes, tegmen sub-medially with a large flavescent spot marked by 2 central transverse brown lines. Wings (Fig. 4F) brown, each side of A 2 with a grayish narrowed band longitudinally. Abdomen and terminalia brown. Type material. Holotype, male, China: 28 May 1982, Guangxi, Tianlin, Langping, coll. Jikun Yang. Paratypes (13 males, 21 females, China): 4 males, 2 females: 11 Apr. 1978, Guangxi, Baise, Yangwei, coll. Xianyu Qian; 1 male: 12 May 1980, Guangxi, Longzhou, Longhu, coll. Zhuyin Wang; 1 male: 17 May 1982, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 240m, coll. Fasheng Li; 2 males: 29 May 1982, 1 female: 30 May 1982, Guangxi, Tianlin, Langping, coll. Jikun Yang; 1 female: 25 Jun. 1982, Guangxi, Longsheng, coll. Jikun Yang; 3 males, 14 females: 3 Jun. 1984, 1 female: 9 Jun. 1984, Guangxi, Lingtian commune, coll. Zhengliang Wu et Xiaolin Lu; 1 male, 1 female: 6 May 1993, 1 male, 1 female: 8 May 1993, Guangxi, Longzhou, Daqing Mountain, coll. Sikong Liu. Distribution. China (Province Guangxi)., Published as part of Zhang, Huan, Wang, Wen-Qian, Stroiński, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2021, Two new species and a new combination in the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 for Ricaniidae from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), pp. 353-369 in Zootaxa 5047 (3) on pages 359-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5540953

Two new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 within the family Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from China are described and illustrated: R. curva sp. nov. and R. peronata sp. nov. Ricania cacaonis Chou et Lu, 1977 is redescribed and transferred to genus Ricanula. Ricanula pulverosa (Stål, 1865) is re-illustrated.

Ricanula curva sp. nov. (Figs 4–6, 11) Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word ‘ curvus ’, referring to ventral processes of aedeagus being Scurved in lateral view; apical part of ventral processes of periandrium strongly curved laterally in dorsal and ventral view. Diagnosis. The species is similar to R. peronata sp. nov., but differs from the latter by having apical part of ventral processes of periandrium strongly curved laterally in dorsal and ventral view (R. peronata —ventral processes boot-shaped in ventral view); ventral processes of aedeagus S-curved in lateral view (R. peronata —ventral processes of aedeagus oriented ventrally in lateral view). Description. Measurements. Length (inclu. teg.): male 6.7–8.4 mm, female 7.2–9.6 mm. Head. Vertex (Figs 4A, C) with or without median carina. Frons: lateral carinae of frontal disc finishing basally at the same level as median carina, ending about the level of antennae. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 4A, C) with small round depressions submedially on each lateral side (in some specimens weakly visible). Mesonotum: lateral carinae of mesonotum (Figs 4A, C) reaching posterior margin; anterolateral carinae connected with anterior margin. Tegmen: postero-apical part of tegmen with two eye-spot black cells, posterior margin almost straight. Longitudinal veins ScRA and RP arising as short common stem from basal cell, MP veins forked on basal cell. Claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused before midlength of CuP vein. Hind wing with r-m transverse veinlets present in distal part of wing (Fig. 4F). Hing legs: Basitarsomere of metatarsus with 8 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/8. Male terminalia (Figs 5A–B, 6A–I). Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 5B) nearly as rectangle; posterior margin strongly concave, basal margin slightly convex, lateral margins straight; anus placed before midlength, paraproct slightly surpassing the posterior margin. Pygofer (in lateral view, Fig. 5A): dorso-posterior angle with process. Genital styles (Fig. 5A) broadly triangular in lateral view; ventral margin convex; dorsal margin weakly convex, with small concavity before spine-like process. Phallic complex (Figs 6A–C): Periandrium (Figs 6D–F) with ventral processes, apical part of ventral processes of periandrium curved laterally (in dorsal and ventral view), ventral periandrium distinctly convex in middle; dorsal periandrium with U-shaped structure with membranous apical part sclerotized base in dorsal view; lateral margin of periandrium with rod-shaped processes in lateral view. Aedeagus (Figs 6G–I) with two pairs of processes. Median split asymmetrical: ventral split present only in 1/5; dorsal split very deep, reaching almost basal part. All processes single armed: lateral processes longer than ventral processes, about 2/3 of aedeagus, curved dorsally at 2/3 of its length; ventral processes S-curved ventrally in lateral view. Female terminalia (Figs 5C–I). Pregenital sternite: posterior margin medially with two processes, margin between processes with strong and deep incision (Fig. 5I). Anal tube (in dorsal view, Fig. 5C) elongate, with posterior part wider than basal one; basal margin almost straight, posterior margin widely concave medially, lateral margins arcuate; anus placed a bit before midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin. Gonoplac posterior margin with two rows of teeth. Coloration. General color brown to dark brown (Figs 4A–B). Lateral margins of frons yellow, area alongside frontoclypeal suture yellow, clypeus brown with yellow patch medially under frontoclypeal suture, rostrum yellowish with brown apex (Fig. 4D). Eyes (Fig. 4B) sordid brown, ornamented with irregular black brown patches. Gena (Fig. 4B) brown with two yellow spots. Tegmen (Figs 4A–B, E) brown to dark brown; costal margin with about 13–16 transverse brown stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the transverse brown stripes filled with light yellow stripes, tegmen sub-medially with a large flavescent spot marked by 2 central transverse brown lines. Wings (Fig. 4F) brown, each side of A 2 with a grayish narrowed band longitudinally. Abdomen and terminalia brown. Type material. Holotype, male, China: 28 May 1982, Guangxi, Tianlin, Langping, coll. Jikun Yang. Paratypes (13 males, 21 females, China): 4 males, 2 females: 11 Apr. 1978, Guangxi, Baise, Yangwei, coll. Xianyu Qian; 1 male: 12 May 1980, Guangxi, Longzhou, Longhu, coll. Zhuyin Wang; 1 male: 17 May 1982, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 240m, coll. Fasheng Li; 2 males: 29 May 1982, 1 female: 30 May 1982, Guangxi, Tianlin, Langping, coll. Jikun Yang; 1 female: 25 Jun. 1982, Guangxi, Longsheng, coll. Jikun Yang; 3 males, 14 females: 3 Jun. 1984, 1 female: 9 Jun. 1984, Guangxi, Lingtian commune, coll. Zhengliang Wu et Xiaolin Lu; 1 male, 1 female: 6 May 1993, 1 male, 1 female: 8 May 1993, Guangxi, Longzhou, Daqing Mountain, coll. Sikong Liu. Distribution. China (Province Guangxi).

A new monotypic genus of flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae), Selizitapia gen. nov., is described for Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. (type species) from the island of Madagascar. Habitus, male and female external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated and compared with similar taxa. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. is endemic to Madagascar where it is known to date only from one locality in the Central Plateau and is associated with tapia woodland formation.

Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE9BEDC2-9BD1-4E72-8E70-5E91C943E49E Figs 1–7 Diagnosis The only species in the genus. Etymology The species is dedicated to Dr Norm Penny (1946–2016) – outstanding researcher of Neuropterida, and collection manager at the Department of Entomology at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. He kindly provided us with invaluable material of Madagascan Flatidae making the previous and current studies possible. Material examined Holotype MADAGASCAR: ♂; “ MADAGASCAR, Province / Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, / 35 km SSE of Antsirabe / 20º10.40’S, 47º05.16’E / 8-24 April 2004 ”; “ California Acad of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin- Hala / malaise trap – in Uapaca / forest elev 1360 m / MA-24-45”; “CASLOT 044412”; “ HOLOTYPE ”; “ Selizitapia pennyi sp. nov. / Świerczewski & Stroiński det.”; CAS (dry-mounted, abdomen detached, dissected and stored in glycerol in a glass microvial under the specimen). Paratypes All specimens with the locality collection data the same as the holotype apart from the collection codes and the dates of collecting. All dry-mounted, abdomens of some specimens detached, dissected and stored in glycerol in a glass microvial under the specimen. MADAGASCAR – Fianarantsoa Province, Italaviana • 1 ♀; 9–19 Dec. 2002; MA-24-02; CASLOT 044446; CAS • 1 ♂; 30 Apr.–11 May 2003; MA-24-15; CASLOT 044453; CAS • 1 ♂; 28 Jan.–13 Feb. 2005; MA-24-57; CASLOT 044465; CAS • 1 ♀; 28 Jan.–13 Feb. 2005; MA-24-67; CASLOT 044465; CAS • 1 ♀; 30 Apr.–11 May 2003; MA-24-15, CASLOT 044463; MIZ • 1 ♀; 2–14 Oct. 2004; MA-24- 57; CASLOT 044485; CAS • 1 ♂; 30 Mar.–9 Apr. 2003; MA-24-12, CASLOT 044507; MIZ • 1 ♀; 30 Mar.–9 Apr. 2003; MA-24-12; CASLOT 044507; CAS • 1 ♀; 10–20 Mar. 2003; MA-24-10; CASLOT 044521; CAS • 1 ♀; 17–27 Sep. 2003; MA-24-29; CASLOT 044527; CAS • 1 ♀; 16–26 Oct. 2003; MA-24-32; CASLOT 044596; CAS. Description SIZE. Total length 6.8–7.0 mm. COLORATION. Mostly uniformly stramineous with costal area, apical cells and postclaval margin fuscous; dark brown markings between basal part MP and CuA; teeth of gonoplac dark brown (Fig. 1A–C). HEAD. Vertex: A/B = 16.67. Frons: C/E = 1.00; D/E = 1.20. THORAX. Pronotum: F/B = 8.33; mesonotum: G/F = 3.20; G/B+F = 2.86; G/H = 0.89; tegmen: I/J = 3.67; I/K = 2.39. MALE TERMINALIA. Anal tube, in lateral view, with ventral margin as obtuse angle and dorsal margin arcuate (Fig. 5A). Genital style with posterior margin weakly convex, ventral and dorsal margins almost straight, postero-ventral angle bluntly rounded, not extending to the posterior margin (Fig. 5A). Basal lobes of ventral periandrium small with sinuate margin (Fig. 5D). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite with anterior and posterior margins in median portion almost straight (Fig. 7A). Anal tube with apical margin, in dorsal view, strongly rounded (Fig. 7B); in lateral view, with basal part wider than apical part, anus placed almost at midlength (Fig. 7C). Gonoplacs with membranous part at ventral margin (Fig. 7D). Gonapophysis VIII with subapical 5 massive teeth at dorsal margin (Fig. 7E). Ductus receptaculi and diverticulum ductus widened distally (Fig. 7G). Distribution and habitat Madagascar; so far only known from one locality in the central part of the island (35 km SSE of Antsirabe). The type series was collected in a tapia woodland formation, in the season of 2003 from March to May and from September to October., Published as part of Świerczewski, Dariusz & Stroiński, Adam, 2021, Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar, pp. 124-139 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 (750) on pages 128-136, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1367, http://zenodo.org/record/5451685

Selizitapia gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7CB34782-C76D-43AE-808C-4911F4CB0A2E Figs 1–7 Type species Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis The new genus differs from other taxa of Selizini in Madagascar by the following characters: 1) wings subrectangular (wings strongly constricted apically in Stenocyarda Fennah, 1965); 2) frons with median carina not diverged (frons with Y-shaped median carina in Urana); 3) mesonotum without gibbosities (mesonotum with four gibbosities in Urana); 4) dorsal part of periandrium unilobate (dorsal part of periandrium bilobate in Lembakaria and trilobate in Kelyflata Świerczewski & Stroiński, 2019); 5) lateral split of periandrium exceeding ⅓ of its length (lateral split of periandrium reaching ⅓ of its length in Peyrierasus Stroiński & Świerczewski, 2013). Etymology The generic name is an arbitrary combination of the name of the tribe ‘Selizini’, which the new genus belongs to, and the name of the forest formation – ‘tapia’, which the insect is associated with. Gender feminine. Description HEAD. Head with compound eyes, in dorsal view, slightly narrower than thorax. Vertex transverse, constricted in middle, medially slightly overlapped by pronotum: posterior margin carinate and strongly elevated, anterior margin carinate medially, covered by posterior margin, lateral parts obsolete; lateral margins carinate and subparallel (Figs 1A, 2A, C–E). Frons convex, widest at its lower third in frontal view; lateral margins carinate, arcuate and elevated, without incisions; upper margin almost straight; disc of frons with single, well-visible, median carina, laterally with obsolete ridges; frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Figs 1B, 2A–B). Clypeus smooth, weakly convex, without carinae (Figs 1B, 2B). Rostrum with apical segment shorter than subapical one, apex reaching hind coxae level. Compound eyes oval, with narrow callus at posterior margin. Lateral ocelli present. Antennae placed very close to medioventral margin of eyes; scapus small, ring-like, with single setae; pedicel shorter than diameter of eye but distinctly longer than scapus, bulbous, functional area at the top and on dorsal surface with trichoid sensilla type 1, antennal plate organs present on apical concavity and basally delimiting lateral margins of dorsal functional surface (Figs 2F, 3A). THORAX. Pronotum, in dorsal view, shorter than mesonotum at midline: anterior margin arcuate with median portion almost straight, reaching anterior margin of compound eyes, posterior margin concave; disc of pronotum wrinkled, without carinae, with lateral impressions and central groove; postocular eminences conical (Figs 1A, 2A, C–E). Mesonotum with scutellum widely deltoid, wider than long at midline, scutellum with elevated apex; disc of mesonotum medially depressed with shallow groove; lateral carinae as ridges, only visible in posterior part and connected with posterior margin (Figs 1A, 2E). Tegmina longer than wide, subrectangular, with distinct venation and numerous transverse veinlets in apical part, without nodal line and with single apical line; costal margin sinuate, costal and sutural angle rounded, apical margin slightly rounded, postclaval sutural margin straight. Costal area short, with dense transverse veinlets, ending at the level of fusion of claval veins (Figs 1C, 3E–F). Costal cell about the same width as costal area, tapering apicad. Basal cell longer than wide. Tegmen with longitudinal veins ScP+RA and RP arising as short common stem from basal cell before bulla. Vein ScP+RA with fork distinctly after RP fork, ending on costal margin with 4 terminals; vein RP with fork before MP fork, ending on costal margin with 8–9 terminals; vein MP with fork distinctly apicad to CuA fork, ending on apical and postclaval margins; CuA with the first fork distinctly before RP fork. Apical cells subrectangular. Veins of apical half of tegmen wrinkled. Sensory and wax gland-plates concentrated on bulla and costal area, with a few scattered on the whole tegmen (Figs 1C, 3E–F). Clavus ending a bit before the end of costal area; Pcu and A1 joined slightly anterior to clavus apex; A1 slightly elevated; sensory and wax gland-plates concentrated on the area between Pcu and A 1 and basal part of the area after A 1 vein; single transverse veinlet after Pcu-A 1 connection (Figs 1C, 3E). LEGS. Pro- and mesofemora slightly shorter than tibiae, subrectangular in cross section. Pro- and mesotibiae with shallow groove on external side; apical tarsomere of anterior and median legs longer than cumulative length of second and basal tarsomeres. Metatibiae longer than metafemora, triangular in cross section with two lateral spines and apical row of spines – first lateral spine placed subapically, second lateral spine placed a bit after midlength, apical spines in formula 2 longer (external) + 5 shorter (internal); basitarsomere of metatarsus a bit longer than cumulative length of second and apical tarsomeres, with apical spines lined as semicircle – 2 external spines a bit longer than 7 shorter internal spines; each internal spine bearing single, distinct seta; second segment of tarsomere with two lateral spines and median pad with setae. Metatibiotarsal formula: 2-(2+5)/(2+7)/2 (Figs 3B–D). MALE TERMINALIA. Anal tube, in lateral view, elongate, with breaking point before anal opening, tapering apicad; anal opening placed a bit after midlength; basal part wider than apical part (Figs 4A–B, 5A); in dorsal view, rhomboid, with rounded apex (Figs 4C–D, 5B). Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorsal and ventral margin almost the same length, subparallel; anterior margin weakly concave, posterior margin convex. Genital style triangular, bearing short, hook-like capitulum with apex oriented anteriad (Figs 4A–B, E, 5A). PHALLIC COMPLEX. Periandrium without any additional processes; in lateral view, about as long as aedeagus; lateral split reaching ⅔ of periandrium (Fig. 5C). Dorsal part of periandrium, in dorsal view, a bit shorter than ventral part, unilobate, smooth, spearhead-shape. Ventral part of periandrium elliptic, tapering apicad, basally with lateral lobes (Fig. 5D). Aedeagus, in lateral view, long and narrow, oriented ventrad, medially with acute process oriented apicad (Fig. 5E); in dorsal view bipartite, symmetrical, with deep median split, reaching ¾ of its length (Fig. 5F). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite with lateral lobes distinctly separated (Figs 6A–B, 7A). Anal tube, in lateral view, covering gonoplac and reaching its posterior margin (Figs 6B, 7C); in dorsal view, elliptic (Figs 6C, 7B). Gonoplac unilobate, rounded posteriorly, oriented ventrad, covering gonapophysis VIII (Figs 6B, 7D); posterior margin with one row of stout teeth, positioned at some distance one from another; teeth of both gonoplacs fitting together in a zip-like manner (Figs 6E–F, 7D). Gonapophysis VIII widely triangular, flattened, slightly oblique in respect to longitudinal body axis (Fig. 7E); endogonocoxal process as long as gonapophysis, wide, tapering apicad, with spiniferous microsculpture. Gonospiculum as in Fig. 7H–I. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch, rounded, cells with weakly sclerotized central areas (Fig. 7F). Spermatheca well developed; ductus receptaculi longer than diverticulum ductus, both parts smooth (Fig. 7G). Tergites of abdomen membranous in median portion (Fig. 6C–D). Diversity and distribution The genus is monotypic and contains a single species from Madagascar., Published as part of Świerczewski, Dariusz & Stroiński, Adam, 2021, Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar, pp. 124-139 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 (750) on pages 126-128, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1367, http://zenodo.org/record/5451685, {"references":["Swierczewski D. & Stroinski A. 2019 a. Lembakaria gen. nov. - a new genus of Selizini from Madagascar spiny forest ecoregion (Hemiptera: Fulgoromoprha: Flatidae). Annales Zoologici 69 (3): 575 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2019.69.3.007"]}

A new monotypic genus of ricaniid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from New Georgia Island (Solomon Islands), Kazukurugen. nov., is described for K. zingiberissp. nov. (type species). Habitus, female, external and internal genital structures of the new species are described and illustrated.

Hagneia gen. nov. (Figs 1–68) Type species. Hagneia kallea sp. nov., here designated. Locus typicus (Figs 6–7). Vietnam, Province Cao B ằng, Nguyên Bình District, Nui Pia Oac Sud (22.594395, 105.885330). Etymology. Generic name is dedicated to my dearest best friend Agnieszka Gruszczyńska. Her given name derives from the Classic Greek ἁγνείη—(h)agnein, meaning pure, holy. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Hagneia gen. nov. can be distinguished by the combination of following characters: frontal disc with 3 carinae separated basally; clypeus with median carina; mesonotum with 5 carinae; costal area wider than postcostal cell; longitudinal veins ScP+RA, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separated; posterior part of tegmen with 2 lines of transverse veinlets; basitarsomere of metatarsus shorter than cumulative length of second and apical tarsomeres, with not fully developed row of apical teeth: ventral apical part of basitarsomere with pad of strong setae; aedeagus with 3 symmetrical pairs of well sclerotized apical spinose processes; female posterior margin of the gonoplac smooth (without any teeth). Description. HEAD. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view) narrower than mesonotum. Vertex (Figs1–5, 11–12, 14–15) transverse, with or without median carina, distinctly wider than long at midline, all margins well carinated. Frons (Figs 4, 15–16) with all margins well carinated; at upper margin longer than high at midline, widest at the level mid of compound eyes; lateral margins covering base of pedicel, incised near the level of antenna. Frontal disc with 3 carinae, distinctly separated basally; median carina distinctly surpassing half of disc, lateral carinae distinctly shorter, ending about the lower part of compound eyes (in some specimens weakly visible). Compound eyes with very small callus at postero-ventral margin and posterior margin. Ocelli present. Antenna (Figs 17–20): pedicel cylindrical, with functional area (trichoid sensilla type 1 and antennal plate organs) at the top and on the tip of frontal side surface. Clypeus (Figs15–16) distinctly narrower than frons, with median carina. Rostrum with apical segment a little shorter than subapical one. THORAX. Pronotum (Figs 1–5, 11–14) distinctly longer than vertex at midline; disc of pronotum with median carina and two lateral impressions. Mesonotum (Figs 1–5, 11–14) elongated, diamond shape, distinctly longer at midline than combined length of vertex and pronotum; median carina, lateral and antero-lateral carinae present; median carina and lateral carinae connected basally; median carina reaching scutellum, lateral carinae not reaching posterior margin; anterolateral carinae connected with lateral at the level of lateral angles, lateral angles placed before midlength. Tegmina (Figs 1–5, 21–26) membranous, elongately-triangular, flattened, with distinct venation and transverse veinlets. Costal margin weakly arcuate, apical angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin arcuate; tornus absent. Costal area with dense transverse veinlets ending before tip of clavus; wider than postcostal cell, wider in basal half, tapering apicad and with wave shape apex. Costal cell narrower than costal area, with transverse veinlets, in some specimens weakly incomplete and weakly visible. Basal cell elongately oval, distinctly longer than wide (about 2 times). Longitudinal veins ScP+RA, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separated; all first forks of longitudinal veins placed distinctly before half of tegmen; veins ScRA and RP arising as short common stem from basal cell (vein forked just after leaving basal cell); first fork RP before first fork ScRA and after first fork of MP 1+2; common stem of MP 1+2 and MP 3+4 longer than ScRA but shorter than CuA; first fork of MP 3+4 closer than MP 1+2, in few specimens forks at about the same levels. CuA with protruded model of forking. Tegmen with 2 lines of transverse veinlets, apical and subapical cells distinctly longer than wide, apical one shorter than subapical; nodal line absent; median portion of tegmen with numerous irregular transverse veinlets. Cubital cell with transverse veinlets at basal part. Clavus closed; CuP ending at margin, in some specimens fused with the last branch of CuA, which is very variable (single or bifurcate, straight or curved); claval veins fused after midlength of CuP vein; posterocubital cell (basal and posterior part) and postcubital cell with well visible transverse veinlets. Hind wing with precostal cell present; ScRA and MP forking distinctly after midlength of wing, CuA forking distinctly before half of wing; rp-m, m-cua and icu transverse veinlets present in distal part of wing. Hing legs (Figs 27–32): metatibia distinctly longer than metafemur, partly flattened and widened at distal part; metatibia with 2 lateral spines placed distally to each other in distal part; apical row of teeth of metatibia with 7 well developed spines different in size; external lateral spines bigger than internal lateral spines; 5 internal spines different in size with asymmetrical diastema in formula 1+4 (with external spines formula 2 +5); basitarsomere of metatarsus shorter than cumulative length of second and apical tarsomeres, with not fully developed row of apical teeth: 2 lateral teeth equal in size and big and 3 internal small placed externally/asymmetry 1(2)1; ventral apical part of basitarsomere with pad of strong setae; mesotarsomere with pad of strong setae on ventral side. MALE TERMINALIA (Figs 33–48). Anal tube (in lateral view, Figs 33–34, 42) elongate, massive, distinctly surpassing posterior margin of pygofer; posterior part narrower than basal one; anus placed before midlength, ventral margin straight. Anal tube (in dorsal view, Figs 35–36, 39) elongate, subrectangular, widest about midlength; anus place before midlength, postero-ventral angle widely rounded; posterior margin in dorsal view with median concavity, lateral margins slightly arcuate. Pygofer (in lateral view, Figs 35–36, 39) higher than wide; dorsal part narrower than ventral one, dorso-posterior angle with well-developed process. Genital styles (Figs 35–38, 40–41), in lateral view, longer than wide with sharp spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin; apical part wider than basal; ventral margin almost straight (in lateral view), weakly sinuate in ventro-lateral view; dorsal margin weakly convex, with small concavity before spine-like process; caudo-dorsal angle widely rounded and surpassing the base of process, posterior margin weakly convex. Phallix complex (Figs 43–48): periandrium (Figs 43–45) without any processes, elongate, with long lateral split surpassing the half of its length; dorsal part of periandrium a bit shorter than ventral one, median part partly membranous, apically with median split; ventral part with widened apex and additional small lateral lobes. Aedeagus (Figs 46–48) long and narrow, apically with 3 pairs of symmetrical,, well sclerotized, spinose processes and short median split. Median split asymmetrical: ventral split present only in 1/4 ending with elongate triangular lobe; dorsal split very deep, reaching almost basal part. All processes single armed and oriented basad: dorsal processes biggest than other, distinctly curved in 1/3 of its length, posterior part with membranous ventral margin; median processes shorter, massive and fully sclerotized; ventral processes with small membranous part at basal part on dorsal margin, with little curved tip. FEMALE TERMINALIA (Figs 49–68). Pregenital sternite with well-developed and distinctly separated lateral lobes; posterior margin medially with processes (Figs 49–51, 61). Anal tube (in lateral view, Figs 55–57, 63) not reaching the posterior margin of gonoplac; anal tube (in dorsal view, Figs 53–54, 62) ovoid, wider before anus; anus placed a bit after midlength; anal style (paraproct) and anal segment (epiproct) short. Gonoplac (Figs 49–50, 55–60, 64) well developed, unilobate, laterally flattened; posterior margin of the gonoplac smooth (without any teeth); membranous part of gonoplac placed basally on ventral margin. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 65) sabre-like, “v” shape in cross section, with teeth at dorsal margin; endogonocoxal process tapering apicad, shorter than gonapophysis VIII, with median sclerotized core surrounded by membranous part. Gonaphophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge well developed, as in Figs 66–67. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 68) of two pouches connected by narrow part; first pouch elongate, with cells and sclerotised ornamentation (except dorsal side); second pouch smaller, more oval than the first one, without cells but with sclerotized plates. Spermatheca (Fig. 68) well developed; ductus receptaculi elongate and narrow, ribbed; diverticulum ductus about as long as ductus receptaculi, with long narrow smooth ductus, apically with ovoid and smooth bulla. Distribution. Vietnam, Province Cao Bằng, Nguyên Bình District.

A new monotypic genus of ricaniid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae), Hagneia gen. nov., is described for Hagneia kallea sp. nov. (type species). Habitus, male and female external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated.

Hagneia kallea sp. nov. (Figs 1–68) Etymology. Specific epithet derives from Classical Greek κάλλος, ~εος kallos, ~eos meaning good, beauty, noble. Diagnosis. Only one species in the genus. Male: dorso-posterior angle of pygofer with process oriented dorsad; female: pregenital sternite medially with 2 separated processes at posterior margin. Description. Total length 0.8–1.3 cm. HEAD. Vertex: proportion A/B = 9.6–11.25; all margins slightly elevated; in dorsal view, lateral margins almost straight and parallel; anterior margin widely arcuate, posterior margin with major curvature than anterior one. Frons: proportion C/E = 1.25–1.32; proportion D/E = 1.43–1.5; upper margin straight, lateral margins weakly arcuate, distinctly curved to frontoclypeal suture in lower part. Frontal disc delicately rugose vertically, near the frontoclypeal suture concave; lateral carinae of disc parallel to lateral margins (in some specimens weakly visible). Frontoclypeal suture widely arcuate. Clypeus with short median carina present in median part, surface of clypeus in median part weakly convex. Rostrum reaching mid coxae. THORAX. Pronotum: proportion F/B = 2.3–2.75; disc of pronotum delicately rugose; anterior margin widely arcuate; posterior margin weakly concave. Mesonotum: proportion G/F+B = 6.5–6.85, proportion G/F = 9.04–9.5, proportion G/H = 1.12.–1.19. Tegmina: proportion I/J = 1.41–1.47. Hind wing ScRA with 3 terminals, MP with 2–3 terminals, CuA wit 7–11 terminals. MALE TERMINALIA. Dorso-posterior angle of pygofer with process oriented dorsad; posterior margin in 3/4 straight, in 1/4 convex (lower part). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite with posterior margin medially with 2 separated processes. COLORATION (Figs 1–5). Frons black with dark yellow lateral margins and narrow band alongside lateral margins. Clypeus and postclypeus medially dirty brown, lateral areas black; lateral part of head black with yellow narrow band alongside anterior margin and dark yellow patch around base of antenna. Compound eyes with irregular black and brown patches. Vertex black with lateral margins and narrow band alongside, lateral margins brown, pronotum (lateral lobes black with brown margin), mesonotum and tegulae black. Tegmina black with white tearshaped patch in middle and white-yellowish triangular patch near of end of costal area and huge transverse band alongside posterior margin. Hind wing with brown transverse band subapically posterior margin. Pro- and mesofemur on external and internal lateral side black, dorsally brown, pro-, mesotibia and tarsomeres brown. Metafemur, metatibia and metatarsus brown. Abdomen (male and females) black with brown narrow (dorsally) anterior margin (in females band bigger) of the tergites, ventral side of pygofer brown; terminalia black. Type material. Holotype, male: [Vietnam, Cao B ằng Province, / Nguyên Bình District, / Phia Oac National Parc, / 22°35’39.8”N 105°53’07.2”E], [1282–1290 m a.s.l., 8– 12.07.2019, / day and light trapping / leg. T. Bourgoin, J. Gunczy, G. / Kunz, A. Soulier and A. Stroiński]—deposited in MIZ. Praratypes, 6 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀: [Vietnam, Cao B ằng Province, / Nguyên Bình District, / Phia Oac National Parc, / 22°35’39.8”N 105°53’07.2”E], [1282–1290 m a.s.l., 8– 12.07.2019, / day and light trapping / leg. T. Bourgoin, J. Gunczy, G. / Kunz, A. Soulier and A. Stroiński]— 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ deposited in MIZ, 1 ♂, 1♀ deposited in MNHN. 4 ♀♀ preserved in MIZ were used for endosymbiotic studies and they lack abdomens. Distribution. Vietnam: Cao Bằng Province, Nguyên Bình District, Phia Oac National Parc— 22°35’39.8”N 105°53’07.2”E (22.594395, 105.885330).

A new genus of flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae), Kelyflata gen. nov., is described for Kelyflata capensis sp. nov. (type species) and Kelyflata ilakakae sp. nov. from the island of Madagascar. Habitus, male external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated. Kelyflata is probably endemic to Madagascar where it is known to date, only from a southern part of the island.

Medleria gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:046D8065-578C-42B8-AB5E-E6CF13AE92D3 Type species Medleria caudata gen. et sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis The new genus differs from similar flatid taxa so far known from Socotra, the Middle East and Africa by the following characters: vertex short and broad, lacking carinae or grooves on its disc (Figs 1E, 2C–E); frons broad, tricarinate with median and lateral carinae basally separated (Figs 1D, 3C–D); mesonotum with double median carina (Figs 2C–D, 3A–B); sutural angle of tegmen produced into a short, apically subacute, finger-like tail covered with tubercles and sensory structures (Figs 2A, 4A–F); male anal tube deeply split dorsally (Figs 5C–D, 6B), with obtuse apical lobe oriented ventrad (Figs 5A– B, 6A); periandrium with single appendage on each side subapically which is strongly curved apicad and ramified into four well-sclerotized, long spine-like processes (Fig. 6D–E). Etymology The genus is named to honour Dr. John T. Medler (1914–2006), an outstanding expert in the taxonomy of the world Flatidae. Gender feminine. Description HEAD. Head with compound eyes, in dorsal view, broad, slightly narrower than thorax (Figs 1B, E, 2B– C, E). Vertex transverse, distinctly narrower and shorter at midline than pronotum, with all margins carinate; disc of vertex without carinae (Figs 1 E, 2 C – F). Frons widest at its basal (lowest) third, with upper margin almost straight; lateral margins arcuate and elevated, in median portion partly flattened, without incisions, in lower part strongly curved to frontoclypeal suture; disc of frons tricarinate, all carinae basally separated; frontoclypeal suture slightly arcuate (Figs 1D, 3 C –D). Clypeus smooth, without carinae (Figs 1D, 3 C –D). Rostrum with apical segment shorter than subapical one, apex reaching between hind coxae (Fig. 3 F). Compound eyes elongately oval, with very small callus at posterior margin. Lateral ocelli present (Fig. 1 C). Antenna inserted very close to medio-ventral margin of eye; scapus small, ring-like, without setae; pedicel shorter than diameter of eye but distinctly longer than scapus, club-like, apical part concave, functional area at the top and on dorsal surface with trichoid sensilla type 1, antennal plate organs present on apical concavity and basally delimiting lateral margins of dorsal functional surface (Fig. 3D– E). THORAx. Pronotum shorter than mesonotum at midline; anterior margin surpassing the midlength of compound eyes in dorsal view; pronotum disc with depression alongside anterior margin, median gibbosity and lateral impressions; postocular eminences crest-shaped with acute top (Figs 1 B, E, 2 C – F). Mesonotum with scutellum widely deltoid, wider than long at midline; disc of mesonotum with double median carina medially separated by deep groove; lateral carinae arcuate, reaching posterior margin; scutellum flat with acute, elevated apex (Figs 1 E, 2 C –D, F). Tegmen coriaceous, partly convex, longer than wide, with distinct venation apart from apical part, tapering apicad; costal margin strongly arcuate, costal angle widely rounded, sutural angle produced in a form of short tail covered with tubercles and sensory structures, postclaval sutural margin long (Figs 2A–B, 4A–E). Costal area as wide as postcostal cell, with transverse veinlets, terminating at the level of end of clavus; area between veinlets membranous, each with one or two tubercles; postcostal cell with one transverse veinlet in apical part; apical line absent (Figs 2A with labelled longitudinal veins, 4A). Basal cell long and narrow; ScRA+RP leaving basal cell with short common stem; ScRA elevated, passing the top of bulla; RP in basal part obsolete, with first fork before posterior margin; MP forking after Cu fork but before claval veins joint, MP terminals ending in the tail of tegmen; CuA terminals ending at postclaval margin, anterior to tail. Clavus in basal half elevated and covered with tubercles, posterior part concave, without tubercles; A1 weakly elevated; Pcu and A1 joined slightly anterior to clavus apex. Whole tegmen covered with scattered tubercles with their concentration in the following parts: transverse veinlets of costal area, bulla between ScP+RA, RP and MP, basal part of clavus – between Pcu and A1, and A1 and A2 (Figs 2A–B, 4A–B). Hindwing well developed. LEgS. Pro- and mesotibia with shallow groove on external side, about as long as pro- and mesofemur, respectively; apical tarsomere of both legs longer than cumulative length of second and basal tarsomeres. Metatibia longer than metafemur, with two lateral spines placed close to each other in distal part and apical row of spines; basitarsomere of metatarsus about as long as cumulative length of second and apical tarsomeres, with apical spines V-lined; second tarsomere with lateral spines and median pad with setae. MALE TERMINALIA. Anal tube, in lateral view, distinctly elongate, basal part narrower than apical part; anus placed anterior to midlength; apical part with obtuse lobe projected ventrad (Figs 5A–B, 6A); in dorsal view, anal tube elongate and narrow; basal part constricted laterally, apical part with deep split dorsally, closed ventrally (Figs 5C–F, 6B). Pygofer, in lateral view, subrectangular, dorsal margin shorter than ventral margin, anterior margin sinuate, posterior margin produced into a lobe forming obtuse angle postero-dorsally (Figs 5A–B, 6A). Genital style longer than wide, widening apicad, bearing long and straight capitulum with subacute apex oriented dorsad (Figs 5A–B, E–F, 6A, C). PHALLIC COMPLEx. Periandrium elongate, almost straight, as long as aedeagus, apical part narrower than basal part; lateral split distinctly exceeding midlength (Fig. 6D–E). Dorsal part of periandrium, in lateral view, longer than ventral part, widening apicad, with single appendage on each side subapically; appendage strongly curved apicad with four well sclerotized, long spine-like processes; dorsal side apically membranous with three small lobes (Fig. 6D–E). Ventral part of periandrium unilobate, tapering apicad, with curved apex; ventral side with distinct triangular keel (Fig. 6F). Aedeagus, in lateral view, long and curved, with apical, bulb-like, sclerotized appendages; in ventral view, with deep median split, not exceeding midlength, lateral parts connected with membrane (Fig. 6G–H). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite with asymmetrically X-shaped sclerotization; upper arms shorter than lower ones, median portion weakly sclerotized; lateral lobes separated (Figs 7E–F, 8A–B, 9A). Anal tube, in lateral view, covering gonoplac and reaching its posterior margin; basal part wider than apical part (Figs 7C–D, 9C); in dorsal view, elongately oval (Figs 7A–B, 9B). Gonoplac elongate, oriented horizontally, not covering gonapophysis VIII (Figs 8C, E–F, 9E–F); posterior margin with two rows of alternately placed teeth – large internally and small externally; large teeth of both gonoplacs fitting together in a zip-like manner (Fig. 8D). Gonoplac divided by strongly sclerotized strip into two parts – dorsal and ventral; ventral membranous part very narrow, extending from the teeth to base (Fig. 9E). Gonapophysis VIII relatively slender and narrow, curved, laterally flattened (Fig. 9D); median part of dorsal margin and subapical part of ventral margin with a few (3–4) teeth; endogonocoxal process as long as gonapophysis, tapering apicad, with finger-like apex and spiniferous microsculpture on internal side. Gonospiculum as in Fig. 9G–H. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch, kidney-shaped, cells with weakly sclerotized central areas with microsculpture on the surface (Fig. 9I). Spermatheca well developed, ductus receptaculi longer than diverticulum ductus (Fig. 9J). Diversity and distribution The genus is described as monotypic for a single species from Socotra Island.

Medleria caudata gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BF1F8ADE- 2703-41 DE-B80F-FDE9F50F452C Figs 1–10 Diagnosis The only species in the genus; see diagnosis for the genus. Etymology From the Latin adjective ‘ caudatus ’ (= tailed, caudate). The specific epithet refers to the prolonged apical part of the tegmen. Type material examined Holotype YEMEN: ♂, [YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam Plateau, 850-920m / N 12°31′24″, E 53°58′29″ / 5.ii.2010 / L. Purchart & J. Vybiral leg.], [COLLECTIO / Moravské museum / Brno], dry-mounted, abdomen detached, dissected and stored in glycerol in a glass microvial (MMBC). Paratypes YEMEN: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, all specimens with the same collecting data as for the holotype, all dry-mounted, abdomens of some specimens detached, dissected and stored in glycerol in a glass microvial (MMBC: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; NMPC: 1 ♂, 1 ♀). Description SIZE. Total length 4.02–4.07 mm. COLORATION. Ochreous, mottled with small dark brown to black markings on upper part of frons, lateral parts of mesonotum and scutellum, median portion of tegmen, tubercles on clavus and bulla, apical part of tegmen largely dark; abdominal sternites dark brown with yellow margins, legs brownish (Fig. 1A–E). HEAD. Vertex: A / B = 3.00–4.29; anterior margin delicately arcuate; lateral margins almost straight and parallel, posterior margin sharp and elevated, almost straight; disc of vertex weakly depressed (Figs 1E, 2D–F). Frons: C / E = 0.83–1.00; D / E = 1.17–1.41; median carina reaching frons middle, lateral carinae distinctly longer than median one; area between bases of median and lateral carinae as well as area between lateral carinae and lateral margins depressed (Figs 1D, 3C–D). Disc of clypeus flattened. THORAx. Pronotum: F / B = 1.50–2.14; anterior margin medially produced and flattened, posterior margin widely concave (Fig. 2C–E). Mesonotum: G / F = 2.00–2.31; G / B+F = 1.25–1.61; G / H = 0.70–0.75; area between median and lateral carinae depressed (Fig. 2C–F). Tegmen: I / J = 1.59–2.08. Metatibia with apical row of seven well-developed spines, external spines longer than ventral ones; basitarsomere with 7 apical spines; second tarsomere with two lateral spines. MALE TERMINALIA. Anal tube, in lateral view, with ventral margin weakly convex and dorsal margin weakly concave in median portion, postero-dorsal angle right (Fig. 5A–B). Genital style with posterior margin straight, ventral and dorsal margins almost straight, subparallel, postero-ventral angle bluntly rounded, not extending the posterior margin (Fig. 6A–C). Appendage of dorsal periandrium with well-sclerotized small teeth in its median curved part (Fig. 6E). Dorsal part of aedeagus membranous (Fig. 6G). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite with posterior margin convex medially, anterior margin concave (Fig. 9A). Anal tube, in lateral view, tapering apicad, with bluntly rounded apex; anus placed anterior to midlength; ventral margin medially weakly arcuate (Fig. 9C); in dorsal view, anal tube widest in its median portion, apically truncate, posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 9B). Gonoplac with its dorsal part with membranous base, strongly sclerotized median portion and two rows of teeth placed posteriorly–external teeth small and flat, internal teeth huge and hook-like; ventral part weakly sclerotized (Figs 8D, 9E). Gonapophysis VIII with dorsal margin bearing three teeth, ventral margin subapically slightly up-folded with four teeth; basal part of gonocoxal process with strongly sclerotized strip (Fig. 9D). Spermatheca with ductus receptaculi not divided into two parts, ribbed, widened apically; diverticulum ductus smooth, with narrow basal part and elongate apical bulba (Fig. 9J). Two large eggs (1.2 mm) in ventro-dorsal position were discovered during dissection of the female abdomen. Host plant and habitat The type series was collected by beating shrubs on a warm and sunny day, in a sparse semi-arid shrubland on a coarse, stony substrate of a montane limestone plateau (Fig. 10A–B). The vegetation was almost uniformly composed of Croton cf. socotranus Balf. f. (Euphorbiaceae). This plant species is thus a probable host of M. caudata gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 10C). Distribution Yemen: Socotra Island; so far only known from the Dixam montane plateau (12°31′24″ N, 53°58′29″ E) in the central part of the island.

A new monotypic genus of flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae), Medleria gen. nov., is described for Medleria caudata gen. et sp. nov. (type species) from the island of Socotra (Yemen). Habitus, male and female external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated and compared with similar taxa. Medleria caudata gen. et sp. nov. is probably endemic to Socotra where it is known to date from a small area of the Dixam mountain plateau only

Socoflata gen. nov. (Figs 1–62) Type species. Socoflata histrionica sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis. Socoflata gen. nov. can be distinguished from other genera of Flatidae by the combination of following characters: Body small, ovoid, habitus issid-like. Vertex transverse, distinctly shorter than pronotum at midline, with all margins carinate, fore margin truncate. Disc of frons tricarinate, all carinae sharp and well distinct, reaching almost frontoclypeal suture, basally separated. Tegmen short, coriaceous, with sutural angle rounded. Male anal tube, in lateral view, elongate and curved, with ventral margin strongly concave. Male genital style widening apicad; postero-dorsal angle with long and curved capitulum, postero-ventral angle produced into a large tooth. Periandrium bearing 3-armed appendage oriented antero-ventrad; posterior arm simple, oriented dorsoposteriad; median arm stout, diverged into two processes, upper process with 0–3 ventral spine-like ramifications; anterior arm simple, movable. Female gonapophysis VIII stout, laterally flattened, ventral margin sinuate. Description. Body robust, ovoid (Figs 1–11, 61, 62). Head truncate, with compound eyes, in dorsal view, slightly narrower than pronotum but almost as wide as mesonotum (Figs 12–13). Vertex transverse, distinctly shorter than pronotum at midline, with all margins carinate; posterior margin elevated and medially covered by pronotum; disc of vertex without carinae; anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins almost straight and subparallel, posterior margin medially concave; disc of vertex flattened (Figs 12–14, 16). Frons widest at lower third, with upper margin almost straight; lateral margins, in frontal view, strongly carinate and slightly arcuate, broadly curved to frontoclypeal suture in lower third, without incisions; in lateral view, margins of frons and vertex forming a distinct obtuse angle (Fig. 20); disc of frons tricarinate, all carinae sharp and well distinct, equal in length, reaching almost frontoclypeal suture, basally separated; lateral carinae almost parallel to lateral margins; frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Figs 18, 19). Clypeus without carinae, convex (Fig. 18). Rostrum with apical segment shorter than subapical one, apex between hind coxae. Compound eyes hemispherical in lateral and frontal views, with callus at posterior margin. Lateral ocelli present (Fig. 20). Antenna located below eye, close to ventral margin of callus, scapus and pedicell together distinctly shorter than diameter of eye; scapus small, ring-like, with sparse setae; pedicell distinctly longer than scapus, club-like, apical part concave, functional area at the top and on dorsal surface with trichoid sensilla type 1, antennal plate organs present on apical concavity and delimiting functional surface (Figs 20–22). Thorax. Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum at the same level (Fig. 11). Pronotum slightly shorter than mesonotum at midline, wide, strongly protruded anteriad, with anterior margin exceeding the midlength of compound eyes and forming two small obtuse lobes separated by a shallow median incision; disc with median suture distinct anteriorly (reaching the level of lateral impressions) and lateral impressions; postocular eminences crest-shaped (Figs 12–16). Mesonotum with scutellum widely deltoid, wider than long at midline; disc of mesonotum without median carina; lateral carinae separated at base, elevated, weakly curved outwards posteriorly, reaching posterior margin; scutellum elevated, pointed; disc and lateral parts of mesonotum depressed, wrinkled (Figs 12–15). Tegmen relatively short, approximately twice longer than wide, coriaceous, weakly convex, with bulla and distinct venation; costal margin arcuate, costal angle widely rounded, apical margin convex, sutural angle rounded, postclaval sutural margin absent (Figs 11–12, 24–28). Costal area with transverse veinlets, terminating anteriorly of the level of clavus apex; postcostal cell basally much wider than costal area, tapering apicad, with several transverse veinlets starting from the level of bulla; apical line present (Figs 25–28). Basal cell narrow, all longitudinal veins leaving basal cell separately. ScP+R leaving basal cell with short common stem, with fork before bulla; ScP+RA elevated, passing the top of bulla, terminating at the level of clavus apex. RP obsolete in basal part, with the first fork at nodal line. MP forking posteriorly of CuA fork; first fork of MP1+2 close to MP fork, first fork of MP3+4 situated much more posteriorly of MP1+2 fork, MP ending at apical margin. CuA with the first fork more anteriorly than MP fork, ending at sutural angle. Clavus in anterior part slightly to strongly elevated, convex, in posterior part slightly to strongly concave; Pcu and A1 fusing in apical third of clavus. Tubercles concentrated in the following areas: costal area, bulla—between ScP+RA, RP and MP, basal part of clavus—between Pcu and A1, with single tubercles located also in C1–5 cells (Figs 25–28). Hindwing well developed, narrow, with anal lobe (Fig. 60). ScP+R and MP single, with common stem; CuA single, transverse veinlets absent. Anal lobe without veins. Pro- and mesotibiae with groove on the external side, about as long as pro- and mesofemora; apical tarsomeres of both fore and middle legs longer than cumulative length of basal and second tarsomeres (Fig. 23); metatibia longer than metafemur, with two lateral spines placed close to each other in distal part and apical row of 7–8 welldeveloped spines, external longer than internal; basitarsomere of metatarsus about as long as cumulative length of second and apical tarsomeres, with 8–9 small apical spines U-lined; second tarsomere with two lateral spines and median pad with setae. Male terminalia. Anal tube, in lateral view, elongate and curved, with ventral margin strongly concave, dorsal margin weakly convex; basal part wider than apical part; apical part oriented ventrad; anus placed posterior to the middle (Figs 31, 32, 35); in dorsal view, anal tube elongate, bowling pin-shaped; basal part strongly convex medially, apical part medially with groove (Figs 29, 30, 36). Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorsal margin narrower than ventral margin; anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex (Fig. 35). Genital style widening apicad; postero-dorsal angle with long and curved capitulum, postero-ventral angle produced into a large tooth (Figs 31– 34, 37, 38). Phallic complex: Periandrium elongate, slightly curved, almost as long as aedeagus; lateral split almost reaching base (Fig. 37). Dorsal part of periandrium, in lateral view, longer than ventral part, with apical prolongation and 3-armed appendage oriented antero-ventrad; posterior arm simple, oriented dorso-posteriad; median arm stout, diverged into two processes, upper process with 0–3 ventral spines; anterior arm simple, movable (Figs 39–42). Ventral part of periandrium unilobate, apically strongly curved dorsad; ventral side with long median keel, in lateral view, medially broken (Fig. 39). Aedeagus, in lateral view, long and slightly curved, with apical bulb-like sclerotized appendages; in ventral view, with deep median split, almost reaching base; dorsal and ventral parts of aedeagus membranous (Figs 43, 44). Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with asymmetrically X-shaped sclerotization (Fig. 51); posterior arms of this X shorter than anterior ones, area between anterior arms convex; lateral lobes well developed; posterior margin of pregenital sternite concave, medially with small protuberance; anterior margin regularly convex (Figs. 50, 51). Anal tube, in lateral view (Figs 45, 46, 53), covering gonoplac and reaching its posterior margin; tapering apicad: basal part wider than apical part, anus placed slightly anterior to the middle, ventral margin almost straight; in dorsal view, anal tube ovoid, widest in median portion (Fig. 52). Gonoplac subrectangular, not covering the base of gonapophysis VIII (Figs 45, 46, 49, 54); posterior margin with single row of well-developed teeth; teeth of both gonoplacs fitting together in a zip-like manner (Figs 47, 48); ventral margin of gonoplac with narrow membranous fold (Fig. 54). Gonapophysis VIII stout, laterally flattened, ventral margin sinuate (Figs 49, 55); dorsal margin with three lamellate, sharp teeth, ventral margin subapically slightly up-folded, with three blunt teeth oriented exteriad (Fig. 55); endogonocoxal process slightly shorter than gonapophysis, tapering apicad, with bluntly rounded apex and spiniferous microsculpture. Gonospiculum as in Figs 56, 57. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch, kidneyshaped, with cells (Fig. 58). Spermatheca with ductus receptaculi slightly shorter than diverticulum ductus; ductus receptaculi ribbed, widened subapically; diverticulum ductus smooth, narrow in basal third, widened in apical two thirds (Fig. 59). Etymology. The generic name is a combination derived from “ Socotra ” and “ Flata ” which is used here for a representative of the Flatidae family. Gender feminine. Distribution. Yemen: Socotra island.

A new genus of flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) is described from the island of Socotra (Yemen): Socoflata gen. nov., for S. aurolineata sp. nov. and S. histrionica sp. nov. (type species). Habitus, male and female external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated and diagnosed. Both Socoflata species are abundant and syntopic in the evergreen montane woodland and dwarf shrubland at high elevations in the Hagher mountains in central Socotra and are likely endemics of this area.

Key to identification of Socoflata species 1. Tegmen light brown, with dark brown markings in costal area basally, on bulla, around basal cell, in C4 cell, and in outer claval cell basally and apically, posterior (inner) claval cell brownish, not contrasting (Figs 1, 2, 62). Live specimens with tegmina covered with wax in a zig-zag pattern (Fig. 62). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum brownish with a pale yellow stripe extending from vertex only to the middle of mesonotum, scutellum dark (Figs 2, 62). Clavus basally and bulla strongly convex, outstanding of body outline. Cells in medial area of tegmen relatively large, irregular in shape (Figs 1, 2, 11, 12). Male genital style with posterior margin convex, capitulum relatively short and broad (Fig. 37). Dorsal part of periandrium, in lateral view, with dorsal margin bearing a small lobe-like extension medially (Fig. 39, arrow); median arm of periandrium appendage with lower process long, strongly curved, reaching the level of upper process ventral spines (Fig. 39). Larger species: total length 3.5–4.2 mm (mean 3.8) in males and 3.7–4.6 mm (mean 4.2) in females......................... S. histrionica sp. nov. -. Tegmen light brown with corium medially and clavus anteriorly and basally (in outer claval cell) dark brown, or tegmen almost uniformly pale yellow, but posterior (inner) claval cell always contrasting, bright orange-yellow (Figs 3–10). Live specimens with tegmina extensively covered with wax, except for posterior (inner) claval cell (Fig. 61). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum bright orange-yellow with a pale yellow median stripe extending from vertex to scutellum (Figs 4, 6, 8, 10, 61). Clavus basally and bulla weakly convex, hardly outstanding of body outline (Figs 3–10, 25, 26). Cells in medial area of tegmen narrow and mostly elongate (Figs 27, 28). Male genital style with posterior margin weakly sinuate (concave in basal half), capitulum relatively long and narrow (Fig. 38). Dorsal part of periandrium, in lateral view, with dorsal margin smoothly descending to basal part; median arm of periandrium appendage with lower process slightly curved or almost straight, not reaching the level of upper process ventral spines (Figs 41, 42). Smaller species: total length 3.1–3.8 mm (mean 3.4) in males and 3.3–4.1 mm (mean 3.7) in females................................................................. S. aurolineata sp. nov.

Socoflata histrionica sp. nov. (Figs 1–2, 11–22, 35–37, 39, 40, 43–60, 62) Diagnosis. Socoflata histrionica sp. nov. is generally larger and darker than S. aurolineata sp. nov. and differs from the latter also in a more delimited wax pattern on tegmen, the strongly convex claval base and bulla, the tegmen venation, the shape of the male genital style, and details of the periandrium (see the key above). Description. Measurements. Total length: males: 3.5–4.2 mm (mean 3.8; N = 50); females 3.7–4.6 mm (mean 4.2, N = 50). Ratios (N = 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀): Vertex: A/B = 1.89–2.47. Frons: C/E = 0.52–0.63, D/E = 0.75–0.98. Pronotum: F/B = 1.53–1.94. Mesonotum: G/F = 1.32–1.79, G/B+F = 0.87–1.10, G/H = 0.54–0.73. Tegmina: I/J = 3.38–4.00. COLORATION. Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum light brown, usually with a well-delimited to diffuse, continuous, whitish to light ochreous median stripe extending from apex of vertex to the middle of mesonotum, apical half of mesonotum and scutellum brown (Figs 2, 62; rarely, in some specimens, this pale median band can be completely absent and body midline dark brown). Frons brown (with both apex and base darker brown in some specimens), carinae lighter ochreous. Postclypeus entirely light ochreous to dark brown with narrowly light ochreous base at frontoclypeal suture and lateral margins; anteclypeus light ochreous to brown; rostrum light ochreous with apex narrowly to extensively dark brown. Genae ochreous to brown. Antennae ochreous, pedicellus apically and flagellum darker brown. Compound eyes grey to reddish. Legs ochreous with femora ventrally and tibiae laterally darker brown and apices of spines black. Tegmen membrane light brown, with diffuse to contrasting dark brown markings in costal area basally, on bulla, around basal cell, in C4 cell, and in outer claval (postcubital) cell basally and apically, and with light ochreous streaks along MP3+4, M3 and M4 veins in apical half of tegmen, along entire cubital cell and in posterior (inner) claval (anal) cell along postclaval (commissural) margin. Live specimens with wax on tegmen restricted to zig-zag streaks in the basal half of the outer claval cell, along CuP, across bulla, and along CuA and MP3+4 subapically (Fig. 62). Hind wing membrane grey, opaque. Abdomen with first two visible tergites light ochreous, other tergites extensively dark brown; sternites in males ochreous, darker brown medially; in females, sternites brown with light ochreous posterior margins. Male terminalia uniformly light ochreous; female terminalia mostly light ochreous, teeth on gonoplacs brown. STRUCTURE. Body robust, clavus basally and bulla strongly convex, outstanding of body outline (Figs 1–2, 12). Tegmen venation with ScP+RA with 3–4 terminals; RP with 2 terminals; MP with 8–9 terminals; CuA with a single terminal. Most cells in medial area of tegmen relatively large and irregular in shape (Figs 1, 11). Male terminalia: Genital style with dorsal margin almost straight, ventral and posterior margins weakly convex, capitulum relatively short and broad (Fig. 37). Dorsal part of periandrium, in lateral view, with dorsal margin descending to the basal part, with a small lobe-like extension medially (Fig. 39); median arm of periandrium appendage with lower process long, strongly curved, reaching the level of upper process ventral spines (Fig. 39). Apex of female anal tube, in dorsal view, narrowly rounded, not incised (Fig. 52). Type material. Holotype: ♂, YEMEN: Socotra island, Hagher mountains, Mt. Skand, 12°34.6’N, 54°01.5’E, 1450 m, 16.–18.vi.2012, I. Malenovský et al. leg. The holotype is dry-mounted, deposited in MMBC and bearing the following labels: [YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island /Hagher Mts., Scand Mt. env./ 12°34.6’N, 54°01.5’E, 1450 m / montane evergreen woodland/ 16.-18.vi.2012], [SOCOTRA expedition 2012 /I. Malenovský, P. Kment,/J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula,/ J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg.], [COLLECTIO/Moravské museum/Brno], [HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Socoflata / histrionica sp. nov. /det. A. Stroiński, I. Malenovský/& D. Świerczewski 2017]. Paratypes: 67 ♂♂, 83 ♀♀, same data and locality label as holotype (MMBC, MZPW, MNHN, NMPC, NMWC); 1 ♂, same data as holotype but 1300–1500 m, 12°34’33’N, 54°01’31’E, 31.i.–1.ii.2010, L. Purchart leg.—[YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island /Scant area, 1300–1500m /N12°34’33’, E54°01’31’, / 31.i.-1.ii.2010 /L. Purchart leg.] (MMBC). All paratypes are also labelled as: [PARATYPUS ♂ (or ♀)/ Socoflata / histrionica sp. nov. /det. A. Stroiński, I. Malenovský/& D. Świerczewski 2017]. Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin adjective “ histrionicus ” (= acting, pertaining to actors), referring to the checkered multicoloured habitus of the adults of the new species (especially when alive, Fig. 62), humpbacked appearance due to the strongly convex clavus, and agility, features reminding of the Harlequin character from the 16–17th century Italian Comedia dell’arte theatre plays. Distribution. So far only recorded from the Hagher mountains in central Socotra. Compared to S. aurolineata sp. nov., its distribution might be more restricted as it was collected only at altitudes above 1300 m a. s. l. Habitat and host plants. On the peaks of the Hagher mountains, S. histrionica sp. nov. was syntopic in the same habitats with S. aurolineata sp. nov. and also seemed to share the same host plants. It was locally abundant in the montane evergreen woodland and dwarf shrub communities (Figs 63–67), especially on low shrubs (Hypericum scopulorum, Leucas hagghierensis, and Euryops arabicus), which are likely hosts.

Ren, Lan-Lan, Stroiński, Adam, Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China. Zootaxa 4168 (3): 557-569, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.7

Ricanula hainanensis sp. nov. (Figs 35–49) Etymology. The species was named after Hainan Island (South China)—the type locality. Description. Length (female, inc. teg.): 9.7 mm. Head. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view, Figs 35, 38) about as wide as widest part of mesonotum. Vertex (Figs. 35, 38) 7 times wider in the anterior margin than long in midline, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, posterior margin with larger curvature than anterior one. Frons (Fig. 37) wider then long in midline, 1.17 times wider at upper margin than long in midline and in widest part, below ocelli level 1.31 times; upper margin straight, lateral margins arcuate, elavated and without lateral incisions; disc of frons tricarinate, carinae separated at base; median carina extending half of length in midline, lateral carinae arcuate, partly parallel to lateral margins, finishing a little before the median one. Frontoclypeal suture distinctly arcuate. Clypeus distinctly narrower than frons, without carinae, median part convex. Compound eyes (Fig. 36) oval in lateral view, with small callus at posteroventral margin. Ocelli present. Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment shorter than subapical. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 35, 38) 2.16 times longer in midline than vertex; disc of pronotum with median carina and 2 lateral incisions; anterior margin arcuate, posterior margin with strongly curvation than anterior one. Mesonotum (Figs 35, 38) 1.12 times longer than wide between lateral angles and about 3.95 times longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; disc of mesonotum with median and lateral keel-shape carinae, connected at base, lateral carinae reaching almost posterior margin; anterolateral carinae present, short, not connected with lateral, almost parallel to lateral ones not surpassing the lateral angles of mesonotum. Tegmina (Figs 35–36, 39) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, anterior angle rounded, placed distad to claval angle, apical margin irregular. Costal area with sparse and curved transverse veinlets, wider than postcostal cell and wider apically, ending before apex of clavus; postcostal cell without transverse veinlets; basal cell elongate and wide; longitudinal veins ScP+RA, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separately; ScP+R veins and MP forked immediately after leaving basal cell, CuA forked before of connection of Pcu and A1. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused after midle of clavus with transverse veinlets present between CuP and Pcu, CuP and Pcu+A1 and between Pcu and A1. Tegmina with sparse transverse veinlets in median and posterior parts, veinlets below MP3+4 vein more dense, apical line of transverse veinlets present, apical cells distinctly longer than wide. Wings with elongate and narrow precostal cell; 2 transverse veinlets r-m and m-cu present (Fig. 35). Profemora about as long as tibiae, profemur partly laterally flattened more V shape in cross section, tibiae square in cross section; mesotibiae longer than mesofemora, femora laterally flattened, rectangular in cross section, tibiae square in cross section; metafemur shorter than metatibiae, curved, metatibiae partly flattened apically, with 2 lateral spines and 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere with 6 apical teeth, about as long than cumulative length of second and hind tarsomere. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/6. Coloration. Vertex yellow with 2 brown patches near the antero-lateral part and with 3 small light brown dots along anterior margin. Frons yellow, lateral part of head yellowish with 3 small brown patches at upper part, lower part brownish. Clypeus brownish with median yellow strip. Pronotum yellow. Median portion of mesonotum between lateral margins yellowish, lateral parts brown, scutellum dark brown. Tegmina piceous-brown with yellowish transverse veinlets below MP3+4 and on the clavus, costal margin with oblique dark brown stripes and yellow patches between; basal cell with dark brown patch near posterior margin; median portion of tegmen with rounded brown patch, postero-apical part with eyes-spot black cell. Wings and legs brownish. Abdomen light brown, basal sternits yellow. Male. Unknown. Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite (Fig. 41) with well developed, elongately-rounded and distinctly separated lateral lobes; anterior margin weakly concave, posterior margin medially with strong triangular and elongate process. Anal tube (in lateral view, Fig. 43) elongate, not surpassing posterior margin of the gonoplac; basal part narrower than posterior one; ventral margin arcuate, ventroposterior angle widely rounded; anus placed dorsally about midlength. Anal tube, in dorsal view (Fig. 42), rounded; with basal part distinctly narrower than posterior one, basal margin rounded, posterior margin widely concave medially; lateral margins arcuate; anus placed a bit before midlength. Gonoplac: laterally flattened, in lateral view (Fig. 44) with posterior part wider than at base, posterior margin with 2 rows of teeth (Fig. 45); membranous part of gonoplac well developed, placed medially on ventral margin. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 46) sabre-like, “v” shape in cross section, with 11 teeth at dorsal margin; endogonocoxal process with spiniferous microsculpture, well sclerotized medially, lateral parts membranous, tapering apicad, reaching apex of gonapophysis VIII. Gonaphophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge well developed as in Figs 47–48. Bursa copulatrix with widely connected two pouches; wall of first pouch with well visible cells and small central sclerotized ornamentation bearing single narrow teeth with sharp and curved apex, mostly placed at lower part, second pouch membranous with very weakly visible cells and without ornamentation. Spermatheca (Fig. 49) well developed; ductus receptaculi elongate and ribbed, tapering apicad; diverticulum ductus a bit shorter than ductus receptaculi, with smooth basal ductus and elongate smooth bulba at apex. Type material. Holotype, 1♀, labeled (Fig. 40): [Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May 1903]. Distribution. China: Hainan Province (Hainan Island).

Key to species of Ricanula (females) from China 1. Pregenital sternite with posterior margin almost straight, medially slightly incised (Fig. 17)............. R. unica sp. nov. - Pregenital sternite with posterior margin convex medially..................................................... 2 2. Median portion of the posterior margin with strong process (Fig. 41)............................ R. hainanensis sp. nov. - Median portion of the posterior margin without single strong process........................................... 3 3. Median portion of posterior margin with bilobate process....................................... R. pulverosa (Stål) - Median portion of posterior margin without process (Fig. 34).................................. R. fujianensis sp. nov.

Ricanula fujianensis sp. nov. (Figs 18–34) Etymology. The species name is derived from the type locality, Fujian Province. Diagnosis. Ricanula fujianensis sp. nov. is similar to R. pulverosa (Stål), but differs from the latter in having numerous yellowish transverse veinlets in inner half of tegmina (with few transverse veinlets on basal portion in R. pulverosa); ventral periandrium of the new species bearing a pair of processes (ear-like structure with almost transparent bar-like process beyond it), bending dorsal and oriented to phallic complex (ventral periandrium without processes in R. pulverosa); apical spinose processes of aedeagus long, surpassing half length of the phallic complex (apical spinose processes short, not reaching half length of the phallic complex in R. pulverosa). Description. Length (inclu. teg.): male 8.7–9.8 mm, female 9.3–10.8 mm. Head. Head with compound eyes nearly as wide as the widest part of mesonotum (Fig. 20). Vertex narrower than pronotum, about 6.0 times wider at the anterior margin than long in midline, all margins well carinate, posterior margin arcuate more strongly than anterior margin; disc of vertex without median carina, from anterior to posterior margins downwardly sloped (Fig. 20). Frons 1.31 times wider at widest part (about the level of lower margin of ocelli), than long in midline, a little longer at upper margin than high in midline; upper margin slightly arcuate, lateral margins arcuate, in lower part curved to frontoclypeal suture; frontal disc with 3 carinae separated basally, lateral carinae arcuate, reaching the level of the midlength of the median carina (Fig. 21); frons oriented postero-ventral (Fig. 19). Frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Fig. 21). Clypeus ecarinate, triangular, not in the same plane than frons and distinctly narrower, median portion convex (Fig. 21). Compound eyes oval, with callus at lower margin (Figs 18–21). Ocelli present (Figs 19, 21). Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment shorter than subapical. Thorax. Pronotum distinctly longer in midline than vertex; disc of pronotum with median carina, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, in median portion almost parallel (Fig. 20). Mesonotum about 4.2 times longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; median carina keel-shaped, almost reaching scutellum; lateral carinae not connected basally, almost reaching posterior margins; anterolateral carinae not fused with lateral carinae, not surpassing the lateral angles of mesonotum (Fig. 20). Tegmina (Figs 18–19, 22) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, slightly incised near apical angle, anterior angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin almost straight. Costal area with sparse transverse veinlets, a little wider than postcostal cell and a little widened apically, postcostal cell without transverse veinlets; basal cell small, widely rounded; veins ScP+R, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separated. ScP+R vein forked just after leaving basal cell, MP dividing into MP1+2 and MP3+4 basally, CuA forked before middle of clavus. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused about midlength of clavus. Tegmen without lines of transverse veinlets, in inner half with numerous irregular transverse veinlets. Wings small, costal area present and small; postcostal cell distinctly longer than wide, 2 transverse veinlets r-m and m-cu present (Fig. 22). Pro- and mesofemora as long as pro- and mesotibia, both square in cross section; metafemur square, shorter than metatibiae, metatibiae partly flatted, with 2 lateral spines and 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere with 6~8 apical teeth, a little longer than cumulative length of second and hind tarsomere. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/6–8. Coloration. General color of body dark brown to dark (Figs 18–19). Vertex with 2 brown reddish stains at each posterolateral corner, lateral margins pale yellow (Fig. 20). Pronotum brown (Fig. 20). Mesonotum dark brown, sometimes with 2 brown reddish spots anterolaterally (Fig. 20). Frons brown, clypeus and rostrum brownish (Fig. 21). Eyes sordid brown, ornamented with irregular black patches (Figs 18–21). Ocelli red. Gena light brown with three pale white spots. Tegmina piceous-brown, costal margin with about 10 transverse black stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the stripes filled with greyish-white patches, submedially with a large pale flavescent or greyish-white spot marked by two central transverse black lines, the inner half of tegmina filled with numerous pale yellowish transverse veinlets (Figs 19, 22). Wings brown, A2 ornamented with longitudinal grayish band on both sides (Fig. 23). Pro-, mesofemora and tibiae brown. Metafemora and metatibiae brown yellowish. Abdomen dark brown. Male terminalia. Anal tube, in dorsal margin, with basal margin, shorter than posterior margin, posterior margin concave, basal margin straight, lateral margins arcuate, anus placed in middle, paraproct not surpassing the posterior margin (Fig. 30). Anal tube, in lateral view, far surpassing the end of pygofer; ventral margin convex (Fig. 24). Pygofer, in lateral view, higher than wide; dorsally narrower than ventrally, posterior margin almost straight; posterior-dorsal angle without process, caudo-dorsal angle not angulate (Fig. 24). Genital styles in lateral view obviously longer than wide, with a spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin; upper margin convex, lower margin mostly straight; ventral margin in caudo-dorsal angle widely rounded and surpassing the posterior margin of process (Fig. 24). Phallic complex. Phallic complex, in lateral view, broad and short, bent at middle; periandrium with lateral split longer than half of its length, lateral lobes present; periandrium, in dorsal view, longer than aedeagus, upper margin of dorsal periandrium divided in middle, lateral lobes slightly bent inside; in ventral view the upper of ventral margin with 2 ear-shaped lobes, the apical lobe bearing bar-shaped transparent process (in lateral and dorsal views), basal part of periandrium without any additional structures; dorsal periandrium shorter than ventral (Figs 31–33). Aedeagus shorter than periandrium, with 2 pairs of well sclerotized, smooth and spinose processes in lateral view, each process with a single apex, apical process longer than subapical one. Processes long, a little shorter than periandrium, both oriented basad (Figs 31–33). Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with lateral lobes well developed, median portion strongly narrow; anterior margin weakly concave medially; posterior margin straight with slightly convex median portion (Fig. 34). Anal tube in lateral view short, ventral margin convex (Fig. 25). Anal tube in dorsal view, 1.3 times longer in midline than wide at widest part (widest submedially), lateral margins convex, basal margin slightly concave, posterior margin concave, anus placed after midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin of anal tube (Fig. 29). Gonoplac: posterior margin bearing 2 well visible rows of blunt and short teeth (the upper margin 2-3 melt rows), posterior ventral part partly membranous (Fig. 26). Gonapophysis VIII partly flattened laterally, tapering apicad; dorsal margin slightly concave, with sharp apex and well visible teeth at posterodorsal margin, near apex with spiniferous microsculpture; endogonocoxal process narrower and shorter than gonaphophysis VIII, smooth (Fig. 28). Gonapophysis IX with posterior connective lamina sclerotized, gonospiculum bridge finger-like caudodorsally, needle-like ventro-dorsally (Fig. 26). Type material. Holotype, 1♂: [China: Fujian, Wuyi mountain, Tongmucun, 850 m, coll. Manqiang Wang and Bin Xiao, 16 Aug. 2008]. Paratypes: 6♂♂ and 5♀♀, same data as holotype; 9♂♂ and 10♀♀: [Fujian, Sanming, Longxi mountain, 725 m, col. Fengjuan Ren, 2 Aug. 2013]. Distribution. China: Fujian Province.

Key to species of Ricanula (males) from China excluding R. hainanensis (male unknown) 1. Postero-ventral angle of anal tube elongate and sharp (Fig. 7), periandrium elongate and narrow dorso-ventrally.......... 2 - Postero-ventral angle of anal tube widely rounded (Fig. 24), periandrium short and wide (Fig. 31).... R. fujianensis sp. nov. 2. Postero-dorsal angle of pygofer with lobe (Fig. 7), apical processes of aedeagus single.................. R. unica sp. nov. - Postero-dorsal angle of pygofer without lobe (rounded), apical processes of aedeagus with 2 pairs of apical processes............................................................................................. R. pulverosa (Stål)

Ricanula unica sp. nov. (Figs 1–17) Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word “unicus” (single), referring to only one pair of apical processes of the aedeagus. Diagnosis. Ricanula unica sp. nov. is similar to Ricanula pulverosa (Stål), but differs from the latter in having only one pair of apical spinose processes of aedeagus (with two pairs of apical spinose processes of aedeagus in R. pulverosa). Description. Length (inclu. teg.): male 9.3–10.5 mm, female 9.7–11.3 mm. Head. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view) a little narrower than the widest part of mesonotum (Fig. 3). Vertex short, 7.3 times wider at the anterior margin than long in midline, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, posterior margin arcuate more than anterior margin; disc of vertex without median carina, from anterior to posterior margins downward sloped (Fig. 3). Frons at upper margin as wide as high in midline, 1.29 times wider at widest part (about the level of lower margin of compound eyes) than long in midline; upper margin slightly convex, lateral margins arcuate, not incised near ocelli, in lower part slightly curved to frontoclypeal suture; frontal disc with 3 carinae separated basally, lateral carinae arcuate, almost parallel to lateral margins and finishing basally at the same level than the median carina, reaching the level of antennae (Fig. 4); frons not in the same plane, the apical part below the level of antenna strongly sloped downward, oriented postero-ventral (Fig. 4). Compound eyes oval, with callus at lower margin (Figs 1–4). Pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped (Fig. 2). Ocelli present (Figs 2, 4). Frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Fig. 4). Clypeus ecarinate, distinctly narrower than frons, disc with median portion convex longitudinally (Fig. 4). Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment distinctly shorter than subapical. Thorax. Pronotum distinctly longer in midline than vertex; anterior and posterior margins arcuate, almost parallel in median portion (Fig. 3). Mesonotum elongate, distinctly longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; median carina keel-shaped, almost reaching scutellum; lateral carinae not connecting with anterior margin, almost reaching posterior margins; anterolateral carinae connected with anterior margin, not connected with lateral carinae (Fig. 3). Tegmina (Figs 1, 2, 5) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, apical angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin arcuate. Costal area of tegmina with sparse transverse veinlets, a little wider than postcostal cell and widened apically, postcostal cell narrower than costal area, without transverse veinlets; basal cell small, widely rounded; veins ScP+R, MP1+2, MP3+4 and CuA leaving basal cell separated. ScP+R vein forked just after leaving basal cell, CuA forked before middle of clavus. Tegmen without lines of transverse veinlets. Cubital cell with transverse veinlets, icu veinlets present. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused about midlength of clavus. Transverse veinlets present in the median portion of tegmen closing inner margin. Wings small, costal area present, small; postcostal cell distinctly longer than wide, and 2 transverse veinlets rm and m-cu present (Fig. 6). Pro- and mesofemora as long as pro- and mesotibia tibiae, both square in cross section; metafemur square, shorter than metatibiae. Metatibia with 2 lateral spines and 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere a little longer than cumulative length of second and hind tarsomere, with 5–7 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/5–7. Coloration. General color of body dark brown to dark (Figs 1–2). Lateral margins of vertex creamy (Fig. 3); apical margin of frons near frontoclypeal suture with brown yellowish band, median portion of clypeus and rostrum brown (Fig. 4). Eyes sordid brown, ornamented with irregular black patches (Figs 3–4). Gena light brown with three pale yellowish spot. Tegmina piceous-brown, costal margin with about 14 transverse black stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the transverse black stripes filled with greyish-white stripes, near middle a large pale flavescent or greyish-white spot marked by two central transverse back lines, disc of tegmina near posterior margin with pale yellowish transverse veinlets (Fig. 5). Wings brown, each side of A2 with a grayish narrowed band longitudinally (Fig. 6). Pro- and mesofemora brown, both tibiae brown yellowish. Metafemora and metatibiae brown yellowish. Abdomen dark brown. Male terminalia. Anal tube elongate; basal margin, in dorsal view, about twice shorter than posterior margin, posterior margin strongly concave, basal margin slightly convex, lateral margins straight, anus placed a bit after midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin (Fig. 12). Anal tube, in lateral view, strongly extending the end of the pygofer, ventral margin slightly concave (Fig. 7). Pygofer in lateral view higher than wide; dorsally narrower than ventrally, posterior margin almost straight, posterior-dorsal angle with process, caudodorsal angle angulate (Fig. 7). Genital styles, in lateral view, obviously longer than wide and bearing spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin; both lower and upper margins convex; ventral margin in caudo-dorsal angle widely rounded and surpassing the posterior margin of process, hind margin straight (Fig. 7). Phallic complex. Phallic complex slender, arcuate in lateral view (Figs 7, 14). In apical part, periandrium shorter than aedeagus, upper margin of dorsal periandrium “w” shaped with split in middle line, surpassing the half length of periandrium; lateral margin of dorsal periandrium, in ventral view, bending ventral and slightly inside-out forming two small crescented lobes. Basal part of periandrium without any additional structures, dorsal periandrium shorter than the ventral one, middle part of upper margin of ventral periandrium slightly concave (Figs 14–16). Aedeagus longer than periandrium, with pair of well sclerotized, smooth and spinose processes; each process with a single apex; processes bending from dorsal to ventral side, about one third of phallic complex, oriented ventrally (Figs 14–16). Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with lateral lobes well developed, median portion distinctly narrower than lateral lobes; anterior margin weakly convex medially; posterior margin almost straight with middle portion slightly incised (Fig. 17). Anal tube in lateral view elongate, reaching a half of the upper margin of gonoplac, ventral margin convex (Fig. 8). Anal tube, in dorsal view, 1.87 times longer in midline than wide at the widest part, the widest near median portion, lateral margins convex, basal margin slightly concave, posterior margin arcuate, anus placed after midlength, paraproct distinctly surpassing the posterior margin of anal tube (Fig. 13). Gonoplac with posterior margin bearing 2–3 well visible rows of blunt and short teeth; posterior ventral part partly membranous (Fig. 9). Gonapophysis VIII partly laterally flattened, tapering apicad, dorsal margin slightly concave with sharp apex and well visible teeth at the posterior-dorsal margin, with spiniferous microsculpture near apex; endogonocoxal process narrower and shorter than gonaphophysis VIII, smooth (Fig. 11). Gonapophysis IX as in Fig 10, ventral portion membraneous, dorsal portion sclerotized; gonospiculum bridge flatted caudo-dorsally, needle-like ventro-dorsally. Bursa copulatrix with two widely connected white, circular and partly wrinkled pouches; the first pouch with well visible cells and sclerotized ornamentation, the second one without cells but with well visible numerous surface pores (Fig. 8). Spermatheca well developed; ductus receptaculi wrinkled, longer than diverticulum ductus. Type materials. Holotype, male: [China: Guangxi, Guilin, Huaping National Nature Reserve, 1000 m, coll. Yinfeng Meng, 26 Jul. 2014]. Paratypes: 1♂ and 3♀♀, same data as holotype; 4♂♂ and 6♀♀: [China: Guangxi, Langping, Cenwanglao mountain, coll. Yinfeng Meng and Ye Xu, 11 Aug. 2014]; 4♂♂ and 12♀♀: [China: Guangxi, Guilin, Huaping National Nature Reserve, coll. Lanlan Ren, 18 Jul. 2015]; 9♂♂ and 18♀♀: [China: Guizhou, Duyun, Dongpeng mountain, coll. Lanlan Ren, 3 Jul. 2015]. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guizhou).

Dixamflata gen. nov. (Figs 1–52) Type species. Dixamflata petri sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis. Frons with large, apically broadly rounded crown in upper part, median carina, and intermediate carinae present as ridges forming horseshoe shaped bulge anteriorly. Tegmina short (“sub-brachypterous”), coriaceous with apical part produced and several groups of sensory sensilla (tubercles) on the surface; clavus with A1 basally strongly elevated. Male and female anal tube, in lateral view, elongate and curved, tapering apicad; in dorsal view basal part wider than apical part, anus situated near midlength in males, in basal half in females. Genital style with short ventroapical tooth-like process on inner side. Dorsal part of periandrium with a single one-armed process; ventral part with median keel. Female anal tube reaching posterior margin of gonoplac. Gonoplac unilobate, sub-rectangular, posterior margin with two rows of teeth. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch. Description. Head. Head with compound eyes, in dorsal view, narrower than thorax (Figs 3, 10, 11). Vertex transverse, shorter than pronotum, trapezoidal, with posterior margin carinate, lateral margins obsolete, anterior margin visible as transverse ridge at mid-length of head in dorsal view; disc without carina (Figs 4, 9–13). Frons with well-developed crown in dorsal view – semicircular, longer than vertex in midline, dorsal portion depressed medially and with short median ridge in anterior part that is visible in oblique anterior view; lateral margins of frons carinate, regularly arcuate in both lateral and ventral views, without incisions (Figs 5, 7, 8, 13–16); disc of frons, in ventral view, with intermediate carinae developed as obsolete ridges and forming horseshoe-shaped bulge anteriorly, median carina present; frontoclypeal suture arcuate, ventral margin of frons slightly concave (Figs 5, 6, 15, 16). Clypeus without carinae (Figs 15, 16). Rostrum with apical segment shorter than subapical one, narrowing to apex, apex reaching hind coxae (Fig. 17). Compound eyes rounded, with small callus at posterior and ventral margins. Lateral ocelli absent (Figs 1, 2, 7–9, 13, 14). Antenna located ventrally in respect to eye; scapus distinctly shorter than diameter of eye, cylindrical, scarcely covered with short setae; pedicel shorter than diameter of eye but distinctly longer than scapus, barrel-shaped, apical part concave, functional area at the top and on dorsal surface with trichoid sensilla type 1, antennal plate organs present on apical concavity and delimiting laterally dorsal functional surface (Figs 7, 18, 19). Thorax. Pronotum disc with median ridge and lateral gibbosities, not reaching posterior and anterior margins; area between median ridge and gibbosities depressed; postocular eminences small and conical; anterior margin of pronotum medially produced till half of eye length, with median incision; posterior margin widely and shallowly concave (Figs 3, 4, 10–13). Mesonotum triangular; short keel-shaped median carina present only in median portion; lateral carinae in form of ridges, subparallel, reaching both anterior and posterior margins; area between median carina and lateral ridges depressed; scutellum posteriorly sharply angled (Figs 3, 4, 10–13). Tegmen coriaceous, irregularly convex with distinct venation; costal margin strongly arcuate, convex, weakly concave in apical one fifth, costal angle widely, bluntly rounded; sutural angle bearing a large, rounded hump produced dorsally, postclaval sutural margin short, ending a bit posterior to second ScRA terminal; apical part of tegmen produced posteriorly and narrowly rounded, relatively longer and slender in males, shorter and more robust in females (Figs 22–28). Costal area narrower than postcostal cell, with ca. 14–20 transverse veinlets, terminating anterior to level of clavus apex; postcostal cell with several (ca. 4) transverse veinlets. Basal cell long and narrow; ScRA+RP leaving basal cell with common stem, ScRA elevated, RP between basal cell and bulla obsolete; ScRA ending with two terminals, not extending to the level of clavus; RP single, terminating at posterior margin posterior to clavus apex; MP forking posterior to the sensory area, ending with 4–5 obsolete terminals; CuA single, terminating at postclaval margin. Clavus with A1 basally strongly elevated, area between Pcu and A1 concave; Pcu and A1 fused anterior to clavus apex; several transverse veinlets between A1 and A2. Tubercles present on the whole tegmen with concentration in the following parts: basal part of clavus – between A1 and A2 and between Pcu and A1, basal part of costal membrane, and on bulla between ScRA and RP (Figs 22, 24, 28). Sensory sensilla long and thin with blunt apex, present on whole tegmen except apical part, where shorter and thicker sensilla with sharp apex are present (mostly broken-off on dry specimens) (Figs 29, 30). Hindwing well developed. Femora shorter than tibiae; hind tibiae weakly curved, triangular in cross section, with two lateral spines placed in distal half, apically with row of seven well-developed spines (5 short + 2 long); basitarsomere slightly longer than cumulative length of tarsomeres 2 and 3, with row of eight apical spines and setae; second tarsomere with two lateral spines and median pad with thick setae (Figs 20, 21). Male terminalia. Anal tube, in lateral view, elongate and curved, tapering apicad; anus placed at midlength (Figs 31, 32, 35); in dorsal view elongate, tapering apicad, apically concave in median portion, widest slightly anterior to anus (Figs 33, 34). Pygofer, in lateral view higher than long, dorsal part narrower than ventral part, anterior and posterior margins arcuate (Figs 31, 32, 35). Genital styles longer than wide and bearing long, dorsocaudal, arcuate capitulum; dorsal margin straight without concavity and extra fold, posterior and ventral margins weakly convex, posteroventral angle with short, blunt process on inner side (Figs 31, 32, 35). Phallic complex. Periandrium elongate, upcurved, slightly longer than aedeagus, apical part wider than basal part; lateral split not reaching midlength (Figs 36, 37). Dorsal part of periandrium almost as long as ventral part, apically with distinct appendage divided into short base and one-armed process. Ventral part of periandrium, in cross-section, V-shaped, with additional distinct, median keel in apical two thirds; in ventral view, unilobate, tapering apicad, with lateral margins serrate. Basal part of periandrium with long and narrow lateral lobe.Aedeagus long, with apical, bulb-like, sclerotized appendages; deep median split reaching basal part; shaft of aedeagus curved (Figs 38, 39). Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with X-shaped, strong sclerotization in median portion; posterior margin with long and narrow, arcuate fold (Figs 42, 43, 46). Anal tube, in lateral view (Figs 41–43), curved ventrad, tapering apicad, with bluntly rounded apex; anal tube covering gonoplac and reaching its posterior margin; anus placed in basal half; in dorsal view, elongately oval; posterior margin in median portion with shallow incision (Figs 40, 44, 45). Gonoplac unilobate, sub-rectangular; posterior margin with two rows of teeth; dorsal part of posterior margin to the level of teeth limit well sclerotised, ventral part membranous without setae (Figs 41–43, 45, 47). Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 48) triangular, laterally flattened; dorsal margin sinuate, ventral margin arcuate and slightly up-folded; both margins with subapical teeth; endogonocoxal process about as long as gonapophysis, distinctly tapering apicad, membranous with distinct spiniferous microsculpture. Gonospiculum as in Figs 49–50. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch, kidney-shaped, cells with weakly sclerotized central areas with microsculpture on the surface (Fig. 51). Spermatheca well developed, ductus receptaculi slightly longer than diverticulum ductus (Fig. 52). Remarks. Dixamflata differs from the two flatid genera so far recorded from Socotra, i.e. Mosiona and Kirkamflata, in a much smaller size, short coriaceous tegmina and coloration (both Mosiona and Kirkamflata are large, macropterous, with membranous tegmina, and uniformly dark brown or yellowish-green, respectively: MELICHAR 1923, ŚWIERCZEWSKI et al. 2014). Dixamflata is similar in habitus to Kesaflata gen. nov. described here below – see the Remarks section under the latter for diagnostic characters as well as the Discussion for a comparison with other similar genera in a wider region. Etymology. The generic name is a combination derived from “ Dixam ”, a local name of the highland plateau on southern slopes of the Hagher mountains where the type species was collected, and “ Flata ” which is used here for a representative of the Flatidae family. Gender feminine. Distribution. Yemen: Socotra island.

Kesaflata gen. nov. (Figs 53–74) Type species. Kesaflata lubosi sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis. Frons not produced anteriad, with median carina, and short sinuate intermediate carinae. Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum with a median groove. Tegmina short (“sub- brachypterous”), coriaceous, with apex narrowly rounded; clavus with A1 basally strongly elevated. Female anal tube, in lateral view, with convex lateral lobes, reaching posterior margin of gonoplac; in dorsal view, widest medially, anus placed in posterior half. Gonoplac unilobate, sub-rectangular, posterior margin with two rows of teeth, ventral margin with large membranous lobe. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch. Description. Head with compound eyes, in dorsal view, narrower than thorax (Figs 54, 57, 60–62). Vertex transverse, shorter than pronotum; anteriorly produced anterior margin obsolete; lateral margins elevated, carinate, parallel; posterior margin weakly concave; disc without carina, but with median groove (Figs 54, 57, 60–62). Frons without protrusion in dorsal view, with median and short intermediate carinae; median and intermediate carinae connected at base, point of connection elevated (Figs 56, 65); in lateral view, lateral carinae of frons joining lateral carinae of vertex in right angle (Fig. 64); frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Figs 56, 65). Clypeus without carinae (Figs 56, 65). Rostrum with apical segment shorter than subapical, reaching hind coxae. Compound eyes rounded, with small callus at posterior and ventral margins; lateral ocelli absent (Figs 53, 55, 58, 64). Antenna located ventral in respect to eye; scapus distinctly shorter than diameter of eye, cylindrical, scarcely covered with short setae; pedicel shorter than diameter of eye, slightly longer than scapus, barrel-shaped, apical part concave, functional area at the top and on dorsal surface with trichoid sensilla type 1 on apical and dorsal surface, antennal plate organs present on apical concavity and delimiting laterally dorsal functional surface (Figs 58, 64, 65). Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin medially produced till half of eye length; disc with median groove; postocular eminences bluntly rounded; posterior margin concave (Figs 54, 57, 59–63). Mesonotum triangular, with groove in median portion; lateral carinae as ridges, obsolete, connected at base in form of horseshoe; area between median groove and ridges depressed; scutellum bluntly rounded apically (Figs 54, 57, 59–63). Tegmen coriaceous, irregularly convex with distinct venation; costal margin strongly arcuate medially, relatively straight in basal half and posterior portion, costal angle widely, bluntly rounded, sutural angle obtuse, postclaval sutural margin absent (Figs 53, 54, 66–69). Costal area narrower than postcostal cell, with transverse veinlets (Figs 58, 68), terminating posterior to the level of apex of clavus; postcostal cell with several transverse veinlets. Basal cell long and narrow; ScRA+RP leaving basal cell with common stem, ScRA elevated, RP at the level of bulla obsolete; ScRA ending with two terminals; RP forking posterior to clavus apex, ending with four terminals at posterior margin; MP forking posterior to CuA fork, ending with four terminals; CuA with fork anterior to apex of bulla. Clavus with A1 basally strongly elevated, disc between Pcu and A1 and posterior to it depressed (Figs 58–60, 66–69); Pcu and A1 fused anterior to apex of clavus; several transverse veinlets between A1 and A2. Tubercles scattered on the whole tegmen with concentration in the following parts: basal part of clavus – between A1 and A2 and between Pcu and A1, basal part of costal membrane, and on bulla between ScRA and RP. Sensory sensilla on tegmen absent. Hindwing well developed. Femora shorter than tibiae; hind tibiae almost straight, triangular in cross section, with two lateral spines placed in apical half, apically with row of seven well-developed spines (5 short + 2 long); basitarsomere slightly longer than cumulative length of tarsomeres 2 and 3, with row of eight apical spines and setae; second tarsomere with two lateral spines and median pad with thick setae. Male unknown. Female terminalia and genitalia. Pregenital sternite with X-shaped strong sclerotization in median portion, without fold. Anal tube, in lateral view (Fig. 70) slightly curved ventrad, tapering apicad, with nearly pointed apex and large convex lateral lobes; anal tube covering gonoplac and reaching its posterior margin; anus placed posterior to midlength; in dorsal view (Fig. 71) elongately oval, posterior margin with shallow incision medially. Gonoplac unilobate, sub-rectangular (Fig. 72); posterior margin with two rows of teeth; dorsal part of posterior margin to the level of teeth limit well sclerotized, ventral part with wide membranous, wrinkled lobe. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 73) sabre-shape, laterally flattened; dorsal margin sinuate, with subapical, sharp teeth; ventral margin arcuate, slightly up-folded with keels, ending with teeth; endogonocoxal process about as long as gonapophysis, distinctly tapering apicad, membranous with distinct spiniferous microsculpture. Gonospiculum as in Dixamflata. Bursa copulatrix with single pouch, with cells, but without sclerites. Spermatheca (Fig. 74) well developed; ductus receptaculi about the same length as diverticulum ductus. Remarks. Within the Socotran fauna of Flatidae, Kesaflata is similar to Dixamflata gen. nov. in the following characters: frons with median keel, tegmen short, coriaceous, clavus with A1 basally strongly elevated, gonoplac unilobate, sub-rectangular, posterior margin with two rows of teeth. Kesaflata differs from Dixamflata in the following characters: vertex, pronotum and mesonotum with median groove (with median keel in Dixamflata), frons not produced anteriad (with a large, rounded crown in Dixamflata), apical part of tegmen not produced (with a finger-like apex in Dixamflata), tegmen lacking sensory sensilla on most of its surface (with numerous sensilla arranged in several groups over the tegmen surface in Dixamflata), female anal tube with large convex lateral lobes and anus placed posterior to midlength (ventrolaterally concave, lacking lateral lobes and with anus placed in basal half in Dixamflata), ventral part of gonoplac with membranous lobe (lacking such a lobe in Dixamflata). See also the Discussion for a comparison with other similar taxa in a wider region. Etymology. The generic name is derived from “ Qeysoh ” (sometimes also spelled as “ Kesa ”), a local name of the settlement in Socotra near where the type species was collected, and “ Flata ” which is used here for a representative of the Flatidae family. Gender feminine. Distribution. Yemen: Socotra island.

Kesaflata lubosi sp. nov. (Figs 53–74) Type locality. Yemen, north-western Socotra, 5.5 km SW Qalansiyah, Qeysoh settlement environs, northern foothills of Maaleh hills, 12°39′37″N 53°26′42″E, 220–300 m a.s.l. (Figs 78, 79). Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀ “ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island, Kesa env., 220-300m, N 12°39′37″ E 53°26′42″, 28.- 29.i.2010, L. Purchart leg. // HOLOTYPE / Kesaflata / lubosi sp. nov. / det. A. Stroiński, I. Malenovský / & D. Świerczewski 2016” (MMBC, dry-mounted, abdomen detached, dissected and stored in a plastic vial with glycerol under the specimen). Diagnosis. The only species in the genus. Description. Measurements. Total length 5.65 mm. Vertex: A/B 2.33. Frons: C/ E 0.50; D/ E 0.93. Pronotum: F/B 2.20. Mesonotum: G/F 2.27, G/B+F 1.56, G/H 0.70. Tegmina: I/J 2.25. Coloration. General coloration light brown with darker patches on the apical top of frons, lateral margins of vertex, pronotum and mesonotum as well as tegmen – alongside sutural angle and MP vein and on claval disc and depression; abdomen brownish (Figs 53–57). Structure. Head. Median carina of frons sharp, lateral carinae short, sinuate, apically curved to lateral margins (Figs 56, 65). Clypeus convex (Fig. 56). Thorax. Posterior margin of pronotum deeply concave. Groove of mesonotum short (Figs 57, 61–63). Male unknown. Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with anterior margin weakly arcuate and posterior margin convex. Gonoplac posterior margin with row of larger teeth and row of smaller teeth (Fig. 72). Gonapophysis VIII with keels of ventral margin short and parallel; ventral margin ending with blunt teeth (Fig. 73). Spermatheca with ductus receptaculi ribbed, widening apicad; diverticulum ductus smooth, basal part tubular, apical part widened with subapical, shallow incision (Fig. 74). Etymology. Named after our dear colleague Luboš Purchart (Mendel University, Brno) who collected the holotype. Habitat and occurrence in Socotra. The only specimen available was collected in a semi- arid shrubland dominated by Jatropha unicostata, Croton socotranus, Euphorbia arbuscula, Adenium obesum, Dendrosicyos socotrana, Sterculia africana, and Cissus subaphylla on lower altitude rocky slopes at foothills of the Maaleh hills at the north-western coast of Socotra (Figs 78, 79). Distribution. So far only known from the semi-arid zone of north-western Socotra.

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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (Nouvelle Serie) 26: 555-564.","BOURGOIN T., WANG R.-R., ASCHE M., HOCH H., SOULIER-PERKINS A., STROINSKI A., YAP S. & SZWEDO J. 2015: From micropterism to hyperpterism:recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology 134: 63-77.","BROWN G. & MIES B. A. 2012: Vegetation Ecology of Socotra. Springer, Dordrecht - Heidelberg - New York - London, 379 pp.","CARAYON J. 1969: Emploi du noir chlorazol en anatomie microscopique des insectes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (Nouvelle Serie) 5: 179-193.","DISTANT W. 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Notulae Entomologicae 39: 18-21.","LINDBERG H. 1960: Supplementum Hemipterorum Insularum Canariensium. Commentationes Biologicae 22(6): 1-20.","LINDBERG H. 1961: Hemiptera Insularum Madeirensium. Commentationes Biologicae 24(1): 1-82.","LINDBERG H. 1962: Die Gattung Cyphopterum (Hom. Flatidae) und ihre atlantische Verbreitung. Notulae Entomologicae 42: 85-93.","LINDBERG H. 1963: Zur Kenntnis der Zikadenfauna von Marokko I. Notulae Entomologicae 43: 21-37.","LINDBERG H.1965a: Die Cyphopterum-Arten (Hom. Flatidae) der Purpurarien.Zoologische Beitrage 11: 129-135.","LINDBERG H. 1965b: Eine kleine Zikaden-Ausbeute (Hom., Cicadina) aus Aaaiun in Spanisch-Sahara. Notulae Entomologicae 45: 13-16.","MELICHAR L. 1902: Monographie der Acanaloniiden und Flatiden (Homoptera). Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koniglich Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 17: 1-256.","MELICHAR L. 1905: Genera tria Fukgoridarum mundi antiqui. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 3: 473-477.","MELICHAR L. 1923: Homoptera, fam.Acanaloniidae, Flatidae et Ricaniidae. Genera Insectorum (Bruxelles) 182: 1-185.","MILLER A. G. & MORRIS M. 2004: Ethnoflora of the Socotra Archipelago. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 759 pp.","O'BRIEN L. B. 2002: The wild wonderful world of Fulgoromorpha. Denisia 4: 83-102.","RAZZETTI E., SINDACO R., GRIECO C., PELLA F., ZILIANI U., PUPIN F., RISERVATO E., PELLITTERI-ROSA D., BUTIKOFER L., SULEIMAN A. S., AL-ASEILY B. A., CARUGATI C., BONCOMPAGNI E. & FASOLA M. 2011: Annotated checklist and distribution of the Socotran Archipelago Herpetofauna (Reptilia). Zootaxa 2826: 1-44.","STROINSKI A., GNEZDILOV V. M. & BOURGOIN T. 2011: Sub-brachypterous Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of Madagascar with morphological notes for these taxa. Zootaxa 3145: 1-70.","SWIERCZEWSKI D., MALENOVSKY I. & STROINSKI A. 2014: Kirkamflata, a new planthopper genus from Socotra Island (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 64: 517-534.","VAN DAMME K. & BANFIELD L. 2011: Past and present human impacts on the biodiversity of Socotra Island (Yemen): implications for future conservation. In: Biodiversity Conservation in the Arabian Peninsula. Zoology in the Middle East, Supplementum 3: 31-88.","WRANIK W. 2003: Fauna of the Socotra archipelago. Field guide. Universitat Rostock, Rostock, 542 pp."]}

Dixamflata petri sp. nov. (Figs 1–52) Type locality. Yemen, central Socotra, southern slopes of the Hagher mountains on the edge of the Dixam plateau, Tudhen, 12°32.7′N, 53°59.9′E, 1135 m a.s.l. (Fig. 75). Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♁, “ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam Plateau, Tudhen / 12°32.7′N, 53°59.9′E, 1135 m / montane shrubland with / Commiphora planifrons, 22.vi.2012 // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / I. Malenovský, P. Kment, / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. // HOLOTYPE / Dixamflata / petri sp. nov. / det. A. Stroiński, I. Malenovský / & D. Świerczewski 2016” (MMBC, dry-mounted, abdomen detached, dissected and stored in plastic vial with glycerol under the specimen). PARATYPES: 13 ♁♁ 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype (6 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀ MMBC, 3 ♁♁ 1 ♀ MZPW, 4 ♁♁ 1 ♀ NMPC); 1 ♁, “ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Hagher Mts., wadi Madar / 12°33.2′N, 54°00.4′E, 1170 m / montane shrubland with / Cephalocroton socotranus, 18.vi.2012 // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / I. Malenovský, P. Kment, / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula / J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg. (MMBC); 1 ♁, “ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island, Zemhom area [= Aloove village env., see BEZDĚK et al. (2012)], 270-350m, N 12°30′58″ E 54°06′39″, 3.-4.ii.2010, at light, L. Purchart & J. Vybiral leg.” (MMBC); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, “ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island, Scant area, 1300-1500m, N 12°34′33″ E 54°01′31″ E, 31.i.-1.ii.2010, L. Purchart ” (MMBC). Each paratype bearing “ PARATYPE / Dixamflata / petri sp. nov. / det. A. Stroiński, I. Malenovský / & D. Świerczewski 2016” label. Diagnosis. The only species in the genus. Description. Measurements . Total length 3.1–3.8 mm. Vertex: A/B 2.50–3.64. Frons: C/ E 0.58 –0.71; D/ E 0.88 –1.02. Pronotum: F/B 1.43–2.45. Mesonotum: G/F 1.33–1.80; G/B+F 0.90–1.11; G/H 0.50–0.62. Tegmina: I/J 1.62–2.09. Coloration. General coloration light brown, mottled darker brown (Figs 1–7); darker spots concentrating and fusing into dark bands in some specimens, especially on tegmen subapically and apically, along sutural margin of clavus and costal margin (Fig. 3), as well as on head and thorax along dorsal midline (Figs 3, 4). Legs ochreous, outer surface of tibiae mottled dark brown. Male abdomen dark yellow to brown, terminalia lighter than abdomen, ochreous; female abdomen light brown. Structure. Head. Vertex slightly widening anterior to eyes; disc weakly depressed in median portion (Figs 4, 12, 13). Frons with median carina distinct only in median portion (Figs 15, 16). Clypeus weakly convex (Figs 16, 17). Thorax. Pronotum with median ridge weakly visible, incision of anterior margin shallowly depressed (Figs 12, 13). Male genitalia. Process of periandrium well-sclerotized, long, oriented ventro-basad with apical part bent posteriorly (Fig. 36). Lateral lobe of periandrium less chitinized than ventral periandrium. Ventral and dorsal margins of aedeagus denticulate (Fig. 38). Female terminalia and genitalia. Pregenital sternite with anterior margin weakly arcuate and posterior margin shallowly concave (Fig. 46). Gonoplac with row of larger teeth and row of smaller teeth (Figs 42, 45, 47). Gonapophysis VIII with teeth of ventral margin placed more distally than teeth of dorsal margin (Fig. 48). Bursa copulatrix kidney-shaped, cells with weakly sclerotized central areas with microsculpture on the surface (Fig. 51). Spermatheca with ductus receptaculi ribbed, with narrow basal part and widened apical part; diverticulum ductus smooth, widening apicad (Fig. 52). Etymology. Dedicated to our friend and colleague Petr Kment (National Museum, Prague) in acknowledgement of his vital help to Igor Malenovský on the field trip to the Hagher mountains during which the major part of the type series was collected. Habitat and occurrence in Socotra. Probably hygrophilous and confined to herbaceous vegetation in open marshy patches at high altitudes of the Hagher mountains in central Socotra. All specimens from the type locality (Tudhen) were found in a relatively small open area of a helocrene spring, where they were collected by suction sampling and sweeping from herbaceous vegetation dominated by rigid tussocks of Juncus socotranus (Juncaceae), swards of Cyperus sp. (Cyperaceae), and low dense cushions of Bacopa monieri (Plantaginaceae) and Exacum caeruleum (Gentianaceae), some of which may be the host plant(s). The area was grazed by cattle and situated within an extensive sparse montane shrubland dominated by Commiphora planifrons, Cephalocroton socotranus, Croton sulcifructus, and Croton socotranus (Figs 75–76). Another specimen was collected in very similar conditions in a small marsh along a mountain brook (wadi Madar, Fig. 77). Distribution. So far only known from the highlands in central Socotra.

Świerczewski, Dariusz, Stroiński, Adam (2015): Revision of the endemic genus Perinetella (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from Madagascar. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2): 539-558, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372707, {"references":["BOURGOIN T. 1988: A new interpretation of the homologies of the Hemiptera male genitalia, illustrated by the Tettigometridae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Pp.113-120.In: VIDANO C. & ARZONE A. (eds.): Proceedings of the 6th Auchenorrhyncha Meeting, Turin, Italy, September 7-11, 1987.Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Special Project IPRA, Turin, 652 pp.","BOURGOIN T.1993: Female genitalia in Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha, morphological and phylogenetic data.Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 29: 225-244.","BOURGOIN T. 2015: FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8. Available online at http://hemiptera-databases.org/flow/ [updated 20.ii.2015].","BOURGOIN T. & HUANG J. 1990: Morphologie comparee des genitalia males des Trypetimorphini et remarques phylogenetiques (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 26: 555-564.","BOURGOIN T.,WANG R.-R.,ASCHE M., HOCH H., SOULIER-PERKINS A., STROINSKI A., YAP S. & SZWEDO J. 2015: From micropterism to hyperpterism:recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology 134: 63-77.","BURNEY D. A. 1997: Theories and facts regarding Holocene environmental change before and after human colonization. Pp. 75-89. In: GOODMAN S. M. & PATTERSON B. D. (eds.): Natural change and human impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., xiii + 432 pp.","CARAYON J. 1969: Emploi du noir chlorazol en anatomie microscopique des insectes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 5: 179-193.","GANZHORN J. U., LOWRY II P. P., SCHATZ G. E. & SOMMER S. 2001: The biodiversity of Madagascar: one the world's hottest hotspots on its way out. Oryx 35: 346-348.","LOSOS J. B. & GLOR R. E. 2003: Phylogenetic comparative methods and the geography of speciation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 220-227.","LOWRY II P. P., SCHATZ G. E. & PHILLIPSON P. P. 1997: The classification of natural and anthropogenic vegetation in Madagascar. Pp. 93-123. In: GOODMAN S. M. & PATTERSON B. D. (eds.): Natural change and human impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., xiii + 432 pp.","MAKOL J., MONIUSZKO H., SWIERCZEWSKI D. & STROINSKI A. 2014: Planthopper (Hemiptera: Flatidae) parasitized by larval erythraeid mite (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) - a description of two new species from western Madagascar. Journal of Insect Science 14: 1-12.","MEDLER J. T. 1993a: Types of Flatidae. XX. Lectotype designations and taxonomic notes on species in the MNHN Paris. Part 2. (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, Nouvelle Serie 15: 49-60.","MEDLER J. T. 1993b: Types of Flatidae. XV.A review of types in the Musee royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Journal of African Zoology 107: 19-37.","MELICHAR L. 1902: Monographie der Acanaloniiden und Flatiden (Homoptera) (Fortsetzung). Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koniglich Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien 17: 1-253.","SCHMIDT E. 1906: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fulgoriden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 67: 183-213.","SIGNORET V. 1860: Faune des hemipteres de Madagascar. 1ere partie. Homopteres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3 8: 177-206.","SMITH T. B., WAYNE R. K., GIRMAN D. J. & BRUFORD M. W.1997:A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity. Science 276: 1855-1857.","STOREY M., MAHONEY J. J., SOUNDERS A. D., DUNCAN R.A., KELLEY S. P.& COFFIN M.F. 1995: Timing of hot spot-related volcanism and the breakup of Madagascar and India. Science 267: 852-855.","STROINSKI A. & SWIERCZEWSKI D. 2012: Revision of an extraordinary Selizini genus Urana Melichar, 1902 from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae). Journal of Natural History 46: 2577-2593.","STROINSKI A. & SWIERCZEWSKI D. 2013: Peyrierasus gen. nov. - a new genus of Flatidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from southeastern Madagascar. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 63: 251-262.","STROINSKI A. & SWIERCZEWSKI D. 2014a: Sogalabana ochracea gen. et sp. nov. from Tsaratanana massif in northern Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae). Journal of Natural History 48: 1853-1865.","STROINSKI A. & SWIERCZEWSKI D. 2014b: Griveaudus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from Tsaratanana Massif supports the biodiversity of montane flatids in Madagascar. Zootaxa 3861: 61-75.","STROINSKI A., GNEZDILOV V. & BOURGOIN T. 2011: Sub-brachypterous Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of Madagascar with morphological notes for these taxa. Zootaxa 3145: 1-70.","SYNAVE H. 1956: Les Flatidae de Madagascar (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Memoires de l'Institut des Sciences de Madagascar, Serie E 7: 197-217.","SYNAVE H. 1980: Liste du material typique conserve dans les collections entomologiques de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Homoptera - 11-16 - Flatidae, Ricaniidae, Acanaloniidae, Eurybrachidae, Issidae, Lophopidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 52: 1-32.","SWIERCZEWSKI D. & STROINSKI A. 2012a: A new species of Phlebopterum Stal, 1854 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 62: 577-592.","SWIERCZEWSKI D. & STROINSKI A. 2012b: A new species of the genus Latois Stal, 1866 from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 55: 65-77.","SWIERCZEWSKI D. & STROINSKI A. 2013: Madagascar Flatidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha): state-of-the-art and research challenges. Pp. 293-301.In:POPOV A. S., GROZEVA N., SIMOV E. & TASHEVA (eds.):Advances in Hemipterology. ZooKeys 319: 1-391.","WILME L., GOODMAN S. M. & GANZHORN J. U.2006:Biogeographic evolution of Madagascar's microendemic biota. Science 312: 1063-1065."]}

Perinetella flavomarginata sp. nov. (Figs 58–67) Type locality. Madagascar, former Mahajanga province, Melaky region, Antsalova district, Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve, Antsingy forest. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, “Andobo 190m forêt Antsingy det Antsalova –II- 57 P. Griv. // Flatopsis basipunctata (Schm.) Det. J.T.Medler 1991 // Flatopsis nivea (Signoret) det. J. T. Medler, 2000 // 233” (IRSNB). PARATYPES: 1 J, “Andobo 190m forêt Antsingy det Antsalova –II- 57 P. Griv. // H. Synave det., 1962 Flatopsis // Flatopsis basipunctata (Schm.) Det. J.T.Medler 1991 // Flatopsis nivea (Signoret) det. J. T. Medler, 2000”; 1 J, “Andobo 190m forêt Antsingy det Antsalova –II- 57 P. Griv. // Plesiotype Phyma basipunctata Schmidt Desig. J.T. Medler, 1991 // Flatopsis basipunctata (Schmidt) Det. J.T.Medler 1991 // Flatopsis nivea (Signoret) det. J. T. Medler, 2000 // 235” (both IRSNB). 1J, “ Museum Paris Madagascar 2005 Bourgoin, Ouvrard, Atté, Soulier-Perkins // 21/XI/2005 région lac Alaotra, RN 33 pk 40, 1083 m 17°41 559’S 47°55 521’E // entre Ambakireny et Morano-Chrome, ilots de forêt en bord riv. Mavolava ” (MNHN). Diagnosis. Perinetella flavomarginata sp. nov. differs from P. nigroflava and P. fiedleri sp. nov. in the following characters: coloration, tegmen with its sutural angle acute and slightly produced, male terminalia with apical part of anal tube rounded and lower part of posterior margin of stylus widely rounded. Description. Measurements. Total length: 15.3–16.3 mm. Vertex: A/B 7.00–7.83. Frons: C/ E 0.66 –0.69; D/ E 0.86 –0.88. Pronotum: F/B 3.67–4.17. Mesonotum: G/F 5.08–5.95; G/ B+F 4.10–4.68; G/H 1.06–1.14. Tegmina: sutural angle acute and slightly produced, I/J 1.73–1.80. Coloration. General coloration milky white. Tegmen with costal, apical and postclaval margins yellow; black dot at the base (Figs 64–66). Male terminalia. Anal tube, in lateral view, with apical part tapering apicad (Fig. 58); in dorsal view, with apical part rounded (Fig. 59). Genital style with strongly convex dorsal margin, lower part of posterior margin widely rounded, ventral margin weakly arcuate; capitulum long and sharp (Fig. 58). Periandrium with ventral margin of dorsal part with weakly developed lobe; apical process of dorsal periandrium with two arms; anterior arm single and distinctly shorter than posterior one, oriented dorsad; posterior arm bifurcate, oriented ventro-basad, lower process shorter than upper one (Figs 60–61). The specimen from MNHN has partly damaged genital capsule with right apical process of dorsal periandrium missing; left apical process with posterior arm not bifurcated and slightly more widened than in specimens from Andobo. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet comes from a combination of the Latin adjectives: flavus – yellow and marginatus – bordered, referring to the coloration of the tegmen. Distribution. Madagascar: former Toamasina and Mahajanga provinces (Fig. 67). Remark. After the examination of the holotype (female) of Phyma basipunctata Schmidt, 1906 from the collection of the Musée royal de l’Afrique Centrale in Tervuren, we can confirm the statement of MEDLER (1993b) that Ph. basipunctata is a junior synonym of Flatopsis nivea (Signoret, 1860). However, the specimens from Andobo (collection of IRSNB) determined by Medler as Flatopsis nivea were wrongly assigned to this species and in fact represent Perinetella flavomarginata sp. nov., Published as part of Świerczewski, Dariusz & Stroiński, Adam, 2015, Revision of the endemic genus Perinetella (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from Madagascar, pp. 539-558 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2) on pages 553-556, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5372707, {"references":["SCHMIDT E. 1906: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fulgoriden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 67: 183 - 213.","MEDLER J. T. 1993 b: Types of Flatidae. XV. A review of types in the Musee royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Journal of African Zoology 107: 19 - 37.","SIGNORET V. 1860: Faune des hemipteres de Madagascar. 1 ere partie. Homopteres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3 8: 177 - 206."]}

Key to species of Euricania from China (males) 1. Clypeus with median carina........................................................ E. xizangensis Chou et Lu - Clypeus without median carina......................................................................... 2 2. Tegmina without transverse fasciae...................................................................... 3 - Tegmina with transverse fasciae......................................................................... 4 3. Aedeagus with apical spinose process longer than half length of periandrium in midline at about 1: 2.. E. paraclara sp. nov. - Aedeagus with apical spinose process shorter than half length of periandrium in midline at about 1: 3........ E. clara Kato 4. Tegmina without brown ringlet fasciae................................................................... 5 - Tegmina with brown ringlet fasciae...................................................................... 6 5. Lateral carinae of frons shorter than median carina at about 1: 3.4........................ E. 1 onga Xu, Liang et Jiang - Lateral carinae of frons shorter than median carina at about 1: 1.4................................ E. facialis Melichar 6. Aedeagus with apical process longer than half length of periandrium in middle line at about 1: 2; subapical lateral process shorter than dorsal process at about 1: 5...................................................... E. ocellus Walker - Aedeagus with apical spinose process shorter than half length of periandrium in midline at about 1: 3, subapical lateral process shorter than dorsal process at about 1: 2.......................................... E. brevicula Xu, Liang et Jiang

Tupala occulta sp. nov. (Figs 1 –50, 55) Etymology. Specific epithet is derived from Latin ‘ occultus ’, meaning figuratively secret and refers to unclear provenance of the taxon (see Discussion). Diagnosis. Face with lateral portions of frons yellowish; clypeus black. Tegmen with cell C 1 shorter than cell C 3; cell C 5 more than twice as long as cell C 3. Description. General coloration dark brown. Lateral portion of frons yellowish, median streak brown; clypeus black. Lateral portion of head brownish, anterior portion of gena yellowish anteriorly; lora dark brown. Posterior margin of scutellum yellowish. Wings transparent, with brownish veins, indistinct lighter spots in median portion. Legs dark brown; metatibia brownish at base, yellowish toward apex. Ventral side of abdomen brown, dorsal side with pattern of spots and streaks. Anal tube brown, with lighter median band and yellowish apical margin. Genital styles brownish. Total length 0.74–0.86 mm. Head. Vertex: proportion A/B = 0.37– 0.47, Frons: proportion C/E = 0.15–0.16, proportion D/E = 0.38–0.40. Thorax. Pronotum: proportion F/B = 0.30–0.33; Mesonotum: proportion G/F = 2.82–2.85, proportion G/B+F = 0.55–0.70, proportion G/H = 0.68–0.70. Tegmina: proportion I/J = 2.95–3.11. Type locality and occurrence. Madagascar, Antsiranana Province, Sava Region, Maroantsetra (Fig. 55). Type material. Holotype male and 2 male paratypes, all labeled: [Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. / Madagascar / Maroantsetra II- 1919 / Ex. Coll. Le Moult]. Specimens deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.