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Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12–17) Macronemus filicornis; Touroult et al., 2010: 19; Giuglaris, 2012: 59 fig. 38 (not Thomson, 1861; misidentification). Male. Integument dark-brown to black. Ventral region covered with yellowish and whitish scaly pubescence. Head mostly with yellowish scaly pubescence except bands of whitish scaly pubescence on frons. Labrum covered with short brown pilosity and long brown setae. Antennomere 11 about 2.0x longer than 3. Scape with whitish scaly pubescence intercalated with dark-brown and yellowish scaly pubescence; pedicel with whitish scaly pubescence on apical half and dark-brown scaly pubescence on basal half; antennomere 3 with whitish scaly pubescence on apical and basal ends and a large median band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; antennomeres 4–11 with brown scaly pubescence. Prothorax about 1.6 x as wide as long. Pronotum covered with spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence on outer side of each tubercle and a narrow line of whitish scaly pubescence on the disc; coarse and sparse punctures between the tubercles. Mesosternal process as wide as coxal cavity. Scutellum with yellowish scaly pubescence in median region and dark-brown scaly pubescence on margins. Elytra about 3.0x as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with small sparse fine punctures. General scaly pubescence, mostly yellowish and whitish, except: basal third with a curved band of brown scaly pubescence, reaching the suture; antemedian region with a small triangular band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; lateromedian region with two spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence (one spot crescent and the other drop-shaped); postmedian region with an inclined, linear band of dark-brown scaly pubescence, not reaching the suture; apical third with irregular, dense spots of whitish scaly pubescence. Profemora with whitish scaly pubescence except large, round glabrous spot on inner surface delimited by yellowish scaly pubescence; inferior margin projected near base and with longitudinal, glabrous band where the protibial spine fits and an apical band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; meso- and metafemora with two bands of dark-brown scaly pubescence intercalated with whitish and yellowish scaly pubescence. Tibiae with white, sparse, short setae throughout and two bands of whitish scaly pubescence, intercalated with dark-brown scaly pubescence; protibiae with a single spur and a long apical spine (Fig. 16). Fifth urosternite apical margin strongly bisinuate (Fig. 14). Female. Protibiae with two spurs and apex slightly projected, without spine; fifth urosternite with narrow longitudinal sulcus (Figs 15, 17). Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 7.3–8.8 / 8.2–9.2; prothorax length, 1.6 –2.0/ 1.8 –2.0; prothorax width, 2.6–3.2 / 2.8–3.2; elytral length, 5.0–6.0/ 5.6–6.3; humeral width, 3.0– 3.6 / 3.4–3.7. Etymology. The species is named after Sr. Jean Louis Giuglaris for kindly sending the specimens. Comments. Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12–17) differs from all other species of the genus by the antennae exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomere 6. Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. can be confused with M. filicornis (Thomson, 1861), as in papers: Giuglaris (2012, fig. 38) and Touroult et al. (2010). Despite Touroult et al. (2010) paper is an inventory, the authors were contacted and a picture (Fig. 13) of the specimens cited in their list is published in this paper. Macronemus filicornis (Figs 27–32) can be distinguished by elytral basal third with a straight band of darkbrown scaly pubescence and a large triangular band, parallel to the suture, filled with dark-brown scaly pubescence; elytral median region with one pair of transverse, dense bands of whitish scaly pubescence; elytral apex with one pair of subparallel bands of whitish scaly pubescence. In M. giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12–17) the basal third has a curved band of brown scaly pubescence and the large triangular band, parallel to the suture is concolor with the body, with a small triangular band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; the elytral median region does not have any transverse, dense bands of whitish scaly pubescence; the elytral apex has irregular, dense spots of whitish scaly pubescence. Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12–17) resembles M. rufescens (Bates, 1862) (Figs 5–11) by the profemora with inferior margin projected near base and with a longitudinal, glabrous band where the protibial spine fits (Figs 11, 16– 17); males with fifth urosternite apical margin strongly bisinuate (Figs 7, 14) and protibiae with a single spur and a long apical spine (Figs 8, 16). Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. differs from the integument darkbrown to black; the elytra without a triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and the elytral basal third with a curved band of brown scaly pubescence, reaching the suture. In M. rufescens (Bates, 1862) the integument is brown; the elytra has a triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and the elytral basal third lacks a defined band of brown scaly pubescence. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas) and French Guiana. Type material. Male holotype. FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Roura, Bélizon, 15.I. 2007, Ex Larva, JL. Giuglaris leg. (MNRJ). Paratypes: FRENCH GUIANA: Bélizon, male and female, 15.I. 2007, Ex Larva, JL. Giuglaris leg. (MNRJ); female, 23.III. 2007, JL. Giuglaris leg. (JLGC). BRAZIL: Amapá, Serra do Navio (Assentamento), female, IX. 1996, Paulo R. Magno leg. (MNRJ); Amazonas: Borba, Jutaí, female, 2.XI. 1977, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, 28.IX. 1978, J. Becker leg. (MNRJ); Estirão do Equador, R. Javari, female, VIII– IX. 1958, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ).

Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12���17) Macronemus filicornis; Touroult et al., 2010: 19; Giuglaris, 2012: 59 fig. 38 (not Thomson, 1861; misidentification). Male. Integument dark-brown to black. Ventral region covered with yellowish and whitish scaly pubescence. Head mostly with yellowish scaly pubescence except bands of whitish scaly pubescence on frons. Labrum covered with short brown pilosity and long brown setae. Antennomere 11 about 2.0x longer than 3. Scape with whitish scaly pubescence intercalated with dark-brown and yellowish scaly pubescence; pedicel with whitish scaly pubescence on apical half and dark-brown scaly pubescence on basal half; antennomere 3 with whitish scaly pubescence on apical and basal ends and a large median band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; antennomeres 4���11 with brown scaly pubescence. Prothorax about 1.6 x as wide as long. Pronotum covered with spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence on outer side of each tubercle and a narrow line of whitish scaly pubescence on the disc; coarse and sparse punctures between the tubercles. Mesosternal process as wide as coxal cavity. Scutellum with yellowish scaly pubescence in median region and dark-brown scaly pubescence on margins. Elytra about 3.0x as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with small sparse fine punctures. General scaly pubescence, mostly yellowish and whitish, except: basal third with a curved band of brown scaly pubescence, reaching the suture; antemedian region with a small triangular band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; lateromedian region with two spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence (one spot crescent and the other drop-shaped); postmedian region with an inclined, linear band of dark-brown scaly pubescence, not reaching the suture; apical third with irregular, dense spots of whitish scaly pubescence. Profemora with whitish scaly pubescence except large, round glabrous spot on inner surface delimited by yellowish scaly pubescence; inferior margin projected near base and with longitudinal, glabrous band where the protibial spine fits and an apical band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; meso- and metafemora with two bands of dark-brown scaly pubescence intercalated with whitish and yellowish scaly pubescence. Tibiae with white, sparse, short setae throughout and two bands of whitish scaly pubescence, intercalated with dark-brown scaly pubescence; protibiae with a single spur and a long apical spine (Fig. 16). Fifth urosternite apical margin strongly bisinuate (Fig. 14). Female. Protibiae with two spurs and apex slightly projected, without spine; fifth urosternite with narrow longitudinal sulcus (Figs 15, 17). Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 7.3���8.8 / 8.2���9.2; prothorax length, 1.6 ���2.0/ 1.8 ���2.0; prothorax width, 2.6���3.2 / 2.8���3.2; elytral length, 5.0���6.0/ 5.6���6.3; humeral width, 3.0��� 3.6 / 3.4���3.7. Etymology. The species is named after Sr. Jean Louis Giuglaris for kindly sending the specimens. Comments. Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12���17) differs from all other species of the genus by the antennae exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomere 6. Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. can be confused with M. filicornis (Thomson, 1861), as in papers: Giuglaris (2012, fig. 38) and Touroult et al. (2010). Despite Touroult et al. (2010) paper is an inventory, the authors were contacted and a picture (Fig. 13) of the specimens cited in their list is published in this paper. Macronemus filicornis (Figs 27���32) can be distinguished by elytral basal third with a straight band of darkbrown scaly pubescence and a large triangular band, parallel to the suture, filled with dark-brown scaly pubescence; elytral median region with one pair of transverse, dense bands of whitish scaly pubescence; elytral apex with one pair of subparallel bands of whitish scaly pubescence. In M. giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12���17) the basal third has a curved band of brown scaly pubescence and the large triangular band, parallel to the suture is concolor with the body, with a small triangular band of dark-brown scaly pubescence; the elytral median region does not have any transverse, dense bands of whitish scaly pubescence; the elytral apex has irregular, dense spots of whitish scaly pubescence. Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. (Figs 12���17) resembles M. rufescens (Bates, 1862) (Figs 5���11) by the profemora with inferior margin projected near base and with a longitudinal, glabrous band where the protibial spine fits (Figs 11, 16��� 17); males with fifth urosternite apical margin strongly bisinuate (Figs 7, 14) and protibiae with a single spur and a long apical spine (Figs 8, 16). Macronemus giuglarisi sp. nov. differs from the integument darkbrown to black; the elytra without a triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and the elytral basal third with a curved band of brown scaly pubescence, reaching the suture. In M. rufescens (Bates, 1862) the integument is brown; the elytra has a triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and the elytral basal third lacks a defined band of brown scaly pubescence. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amap��, Amazonas) and French Guiana. Type material. Male holotype. FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Roura, B��lizon, 15.I. 2007, Ex Larva, JL. Giuglaris leg. (MNRJ). Paratypes: FRENCH GUIANA: B��lizon, male and female, 15.I. 2007, Ex Larva, JL. Giuglaris leg. (MNRJ); female, 23.III. 2007, JL. Giuglaris leg. (JLGC). BRAZIL: Amap��, Serra do Navio (Assentamento), female, IX. 1996, Paulo R. Magno leg. (MNRJ); Amazonas: Borba, Juta��, female, 2.XI. 1977, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, 28.IX. 1978, J. Becker leg. (MNRJ); Estir��o do Equador, R. Javari, female, VIII��� IX. 1958, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on pages 166-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Macronemus mimus sp. nov. (Figs 18���26) Male. Integument reddish brown to dark brown. Ventral region covered with yellowish and whitish scaly pubescence. Head with yellowish scaly pubescence except spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence near inner margin of lower eye lobe and between upper lobes. Antennomere 11 about 2.5 x longer than 3. Scape with two bands of yellowish scaly pubescence intercalated with brown scaly pubescence and some spots of whitish scaly pubescence on ventral region near apex; pedicel with yellowish scaly pubescence in dorsal region and whitish scaly pubescence in ventral and lateral regions; antennomeres 3���11 with whitish and yellowish scaly pubescence on apical and basal halves and median band of brown scaly pubescence. Prothorax about 1.7 x as wide as long. Pronotum with one pair of projections flattened at apex, covered with spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence on outer side of each tubercle and narrow lines of whitish scaly pubescence; coarse and sparse punctures between the tubercles. Scutellum with yellowish scaly pubescence in median region and dark-brown pubescence on margins. Elytra about twice as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with small sparse punctures, and dense coarse punctures between cristae and eye-shaped spots. General scaly pubescence, concolor with body, except narrow lines of whitish scaly pubescence; basal third with two eye-shaped spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence; median region with two spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence (one spot crescent and the other drop-shaped); apical third with two diagonal bands (one of dark-brown and the other of yellowish scaly pubescence) descending toward apex, not reaching suture. Femora with median band of brown scaly pubescence delimited by whitish scaly pubescence intercalated with yellowish and dark-brown scaly pubescence; tibiae with white, sparse, short setae throughout and two bands of whitish scaly pubescence, intercalated with dark-brown scaly pubescence; inner protibial spur may be subequal to outer spur (Fig. 22) or longer and curved (Fig. 23). Female. Apex of fifth urosternite deeply excavated. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 7.6 ���14.0/ 7.8���14.4; prothorax length, 1.6���2.8 / 1.6 ���3.0; prothorax width, 2.2���4.7 / 2.4���4.7; elytral length, 5.3���10.5 / 5.7���10.6; humeral width, 2.7���5.8 / 2.9���5.8. Etymology. Greek, imitator, the specific epithet refers to the defensive behavior, possibly imitating bird dropping. Comments. Macronemus mimus sp. nov. (Figs 18���26) differs from all other species of the genus in having general scaly pubescence concolor with the body, somewhat uniform; elytral basal third with two eye-shaped spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence; and by the pronotum projection flattened at apex (Fig. 24). Biological note. This species was observed (Figs 25���26) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. It possibly mimics a bird dropping, which we believe is a defense or a cryptic behavior. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina) and Argentina (Misiones). Type material. Male holotype. BRAZIL, Bahia: Itapetinga, XI. 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ). Paratypes, BRAZIL, male (BMNH); Bahia, 2 females, ���Fry Coll���. 1905.100 (BMNH); Itapetinga, male, XI. 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Encruzilhada Estr. RJ-BA Km 965 Motel da Divisa 960 m, female, XI. 1972, Seabra & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Minas Gerais: Funil, Manhumirim, S��o Domingos do Chal��, female, XII. 1921, W. Saar leg. (CEIOC); Juiz de Fora, male, XII. 1981, G.S. Andrade leg. (MNRJ); Pedra Azul, male, XI. 1972, Seabra & Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Po��os de Caldas, male, female, XII. 1976, M.A. Monn�� leg. (MNRJ); Virg��nia Faz. Campos 1500 m, male, 24.II. 1920, J.F. Zik��n leg. (CEIOC); Esp��rito Santo: Barra do S��o Francisco, C��rrego It��, 2 males, XI. 1954, W. Grossmann leg. (MNRJ); female, XI. 1956, W. Grossmann leg. (MNRJ); Linhares (Parque Sooretama), female, X. 1963, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1967, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); 2 females, XI. 1967, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1967, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1968, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, II. 1969, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, female, X. 1969 (MNRJ); male, V. 1970, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, XI. 1971, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, female, X. 1972, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, X. 1972, Roppa & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, female, XI. 1972, P.C. Elias (MZSP); female, XI. 1972, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1973, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: (Botafogo), female, IV. 1933, L.T.F. leg. (CEIOC) ���Coll. Costa Lima���; (Corcovado), female, 30.XI. 1957, D. Zajciw leg. (MNRJ); female, 5.XI. 1958, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 14.XI. 1958, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, 14.I. 1959, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 30.IX. 1959, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1959, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, IX. 1961, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1962, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 9.X. 1963, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, female, 15.X. 1963, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 22.X. 1963, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 2.X. 1966, S.A.F. leg. (MNRJ); female, 6.X. 1974, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 3.XII. 1976, M.A. Monn�� leg. (MNRJ); female, 2.II. 1977, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 4.X. 1977, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 26.I. 1980, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); (Floresta da Tijuca) luz, male, 2.II. 1959, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1967, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, IV. 1970, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, I. 1971, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, IV. 1982, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, 14.X. 1990, A.S. leg. (CEIOC); Represa Rio Grande, male, 1���15.IX. 1960, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); female, I. 1968, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); 5.X. 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); (Floresta do Macaco), male, I. 1958, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1958, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); female, X. 1959, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1961, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); Itatiaia (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia) 700 m, female, 21.I. 1937, J.F.Zik��n leg. (CEIOC); male, Fragoso leg. (MNRJ); 1250 m female, 26���30.XII. 2008, M.L. & M.A. Monn�� leg. (MNRJ); Nova Friburgo, male, female, III. 1969, Fragoso leg. (MNRJ); Teres��polis (Parque Nacional da Serra dos ��rg��os), male, 21.XI. 1955, Zajciw leg. (MNRJ); S��o Paulo: Amparo, male (MNRJ); (Cantareira), male, 10.I. 1941, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); female, 16.XI. 1941, Dr. Nick leg. (MNRJ); Ilha da Vit��ria, male, 24.III��� 6.IV. 1965, Exp. Dep.Zool. (MZSP); Peru��be, male, XII. 1944, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Paran��: Curitiba Campina Grande, female, 15.II. 1966 H. & M. Townes leg. (MNRJ); female, 21.II. 1966 H. & M. Townes leg. (MNRJ); Santa Catarina: Anita Garibaldi, female, XII. 1940, ���Col. Dirings��� (MZSP); Col��nia Neudorf, female, J.M. Bosq. leg. (MNRJ); female, 14.I. 1940 (MNRJ); male, female, 20.I. 1960 (MNRJ); Corup��, male, female, I. 1938, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, female, III. 1938, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1939, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, II. 1945, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, III. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); 60 m, male, XI. 1960 (MNRJ); 60 m, 2 females, I. 1963 (MNRJ); Mafra, female, XII. 1941, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Rio Natal, male, I. 1957, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Rio Vermelho (Corup��), female, IV. 1965, S.A.F. leg. (MNRJ); Seara (Nova Teut��nia), 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), male, 18.XI. 1940, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), male, XII. 1940, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), male, 10.XII. 1940, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), female, I. 1941, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); male, 24.I. 1942, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 300���500 m 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), male, 18.I. 1966, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 300���500 m 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), female, 25.I. 1966, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), female, I. 1974, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); Timb��, female, XII. 1940, ���Col. Dirings��� (MZSP). ARGENTINA: Misiones, Loreto, female, Dr. A.A. Oglobin leg. (MNRJ)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on pages 169-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Machado, Vanessa S., Monné, Marcela L. (2013): The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 163-181, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3

Macronemus filicornis (Thomson, 1861) (Figs 27���32) Aethomerus filicornis Thomson, 1861: 338. Macronemus filicornis; Lane, 1973: 140 (syn.); Monn�� et al., 2010: 246 (distr.); Touroult et al., 2010: 19 (distr.) (misidentified); Giuglaris, 2012: 59 (distr.) (misidentified). Aethomerus cretatus Pascoe, 1866: 281. Geographical distribution. This species was recorded for Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul). The distribution is here extended to Argentina and Paraguay. Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Esp��rito Santo: Linhares, (Parque Sooretama), male, XII. 1957, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, X. 1968, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1968, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1969 (MNRJ); male, XI. 1971, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, female, XII. 1973, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Barra de S��o Jo��o, male, 9.X. 1990, O. Roppa leg. (MNRJ); (Corcovado), male, 8.X. 1959, Alvarenga & Seabra leg. (MNRJ); (Floresta da Tijuca), male, female, I. 1961, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 20.X. 1981, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); Itatiaia (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia), male, 5.XII. 1958 (MNRJ); female, 7.IV. 1938, J.F. Zik��n leg. (MNRJ); 1200m female, 23���27.XII. 2005, M.L. & M.A. Monn�� leg. (MNRJ); Nova Friburgo, female, XII. 1933, P. Arps leg. (MNRJ); (Represa Rio Grande), male, III. 1962, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); S��o Paulo: (Cantareira), female, 4.I. 1938, Zellibor-Hauff leg. (MNRJ); male, 20.XI. 1939, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); male, 25.II. 1940, Dr. Nick leg. (MNRJ); female, 10.XII. 1940, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); female, I. 1942, Dr. Nick leg. (MNRJ); male, 4.XII. 1950, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); male, 4.I. 1953, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); male, 10.I. 1953, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Campos do Jord��o, female, XII. 1957, K. Lenko leg. (MNRJ); female, II. 1958, K. Lenko leg. (MNRJ); Jabaquara, male, 7.XII. 1943, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); female, 7.I. 1949, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Peru��be, male, 10.XII. 1941, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1944, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Paran��: Ponta Grossa (Parque Estadual de Vila Velha) 965m 25 �� 13 ��� 49 ��� S 49 �� 59 ��� 65 ��� W, female, 25.XI. 2011 A.C. Domahovski leg. (MNRJ); Santa Catarina: Corup��, female, XII. 1937, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1938, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, III. 1939, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, III. 1941, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, XI. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, 2 females, XII. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, III. 1956, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); 60m, female, XII. 1957 (MNRJ); 60m, male, XI. 1959 (MNRJ); 60m, female, X. 1961 (MNRJ); female, III. 1965, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1970 (MNRJ); Mafra, female, XII. 1941, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Rio Natal, male, I. 1957, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Rio Vermelho (Corup��), male, XII. 1968 (MNRJ); Seara (Nova Teut��nia), male, 2.III. 1937, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); female, 13.II. 1941, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); male, 29.XII. 1941, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 300���500m 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), 2 males, 17.I. 1968, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 300��� 500m 27 �� 11 ���B 52 �� 23 ���L (27 �� 11 ���S 52 �� 23 ���W), female, XI. 1973, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ). PARAGUAY: Hohenau, female, X. 1953, Foerster leg. (MNRJ); Departamento Caaguaz�� Ypejh�� Cordillera del Amambay, male, I. 1949 (MNRJ). ARGENTINA: Misiones Departamento de Concepci��n Santa Mar��a, male, X. 1944, M.J. Viana leg. (MNRJ)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on pages 173-174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Macronemus rufescens (Bates, 1862) (Figs 5���11) Aethomerus rufescens Bates, 1862: 119. Macronemus rufescens; Monn��, 1994: 43; Monn��, 2005: 177. Geographical distribution. French Guiana, Brazil (Par��, Rond��nia). It is reported herein from Peru and Brazil (Amazonas). Specimens examined. PERU: Napo River, female, 29.VI. 20 (MZSP). BRAZIL: Par��: Bel��m, Campus do MPEG, female, 11.XI. 2004, ���MPEG Col. 15009917 ���, R.M.Valente leg. (MPEG); Amazonas: Fry Coll. 1900.100 (BMNH); Manaus, male, 16.III. 1982, A.T.S. Jatahy leg. (INPA); INPA, male, 19.III. 1990, Andrea, R. leg. (INPA)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Key to species of Macronemus 1. Elytra with large band of whitish scaly pubescence on apical 1 / 4; protibiae slightly curved, almost linear. Brazil (Esp��rito Santo, Rio de Janeiro) (Figs 1���4)...................................................... M. analis (Pascoe, 1866) - Elytral scaly pubescence otherwise colored; protibiae curved................................................... 2 2. Profemora with inferior margin projected near base and with longitudinal, glabrous band where the protibial spine fits (Figs 11, 16��� 17); males with protibiae with a single spur and a long apical spine (Figs. 8, 16) and with fifth urosternite apical margin strongly bisinuate (Figs 7, 14)............................................................................ 3 - Profemora without inferior margin projected near base and without glabrous band; protibiae with two spurs, without a spine (Figs 22���23) and males with fifth urosternite apical margin from straight to slightly sinuous (Fig. 3).................... 4 3 (2). Integument brown; antennae, exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomere 5; elytra with triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and elytral basal third without defined band of brown scaly pubescence. Peru, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Par��, Rond��nia) (Figs 5���11)................. M. rufescens (Bates, 1862) - Integument dark-brown to black; antennae, exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomere 6; elytra without triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and elytral basal third with a curved band of brown scaly pubescence, reaching the suture. Brazil (Amap��, Amazonas), French Guiana (B��lizon) (Figs 12���17).................................................................................................... M. giuglarisi sp. nov. 4 (2). Pronotum with one pair of projections flattened at apex (Fig. 24); elytral basal third with two eye-shaped spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence. Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina), Argentina (Figs 18���26)......................... M. mimus sp. nov. - Pronotum with one pair of projections rounded at apex; elytral basal third otherwise colored.......................... 5 5 (4). Elytral apex with one pair of subparallel bands of whitish scaly pubescence; apex of fifth urosternite in females almost not excavated (Figs 10, 15). Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Figs 27���32).. M. filicornis (Thomson, 1861) - Elytral apex with one or more pairs of oblique bands of whitish scaly pubescence; apex of fifth urosternite in females deeply excavated (Fig. 4)..................................................................................... 6 6 (5). Elytral dorsal and lateral surfaces thickly rugose. Mexico (Veracruz) to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia (Figs 33���38).......................................................................... M. asperulus White, 1855 - Elytral dorsal and lateral surfaces semismooth to slightly rugose. Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil (Amap��, Amazonas, Par��, Rond��nia) (Figs 39���42)....................................................... M. antennator (Fabricius, 1801), Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on page 166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Macronemus asperulus White, 1855 (Figs 33���38) Macronemus asperulus White, 1855: 376, pl. 9, fig. 8; Monn��, 2005: 177. Aethomerus asperulus; Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3142. Aethomerus verrucosus Pascoe, 1866: 281 Syn. nov. Macronemus verrucosus; Monn��, 1994: 43 (cat.); Monn��, 2005: 178. Macronemus asperulus was described from Venezuela, and Aethomerus verrucosus from Magdalena in Colombia. Pascoe (1866) treated A. verrucosus similar to A. asperulus but more uniformly colored, the tubercles on the sides slender and prominent, and the spaces between the lines of tubercles on the disc more deeply excavated. Examination of the male holotype (Figs. 33���34) of M. verrucosus, the female holotype of M. asperulus (Fig. 35), and also a series of specimens (Figs. 36���38) revealed variations in the color pattern, the degree of excavation of the pronotum disc, the shape of the prothorax lateral tubercle, the granules, and the punctures on the elytra. Based on this variation, we propose the new synonymy. Geographical distribution. Mexico (Veracruz) to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia. Specimens examined. MEXICO: Cordoba, female, ���B.C.A. col. V.��� (BMNH). GUATEMALA, female, ���ex. ANSP 1983 ���, L. Conradt leg. (MNRJ). COSTA RICA: San Pedro Po��s, male, 17.V. 1941, Nevermann leg. (MZSP). PANAMA: Chiriqui, female, ���ex. ANSP 1983 ��� (MNRJ); V. de Chiriqui, 2���3000 ft (609.6���914.4m), female, ���B.C.A. col. V.���, Champion leg. (BMNH). COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Santa Marta, male (holotype of Macronemus verrucosus), ���Pascoe Coll.��� (BMNH). VENEZUELA: female (holotype of Macronemus asperulus) (BMNH); female, Bowr. Chevr. 63.47 * (BMNH)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on pages 174-177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Macronemus Dejean, 1835 Macronemus Dejean, 1835: 337; Monn��, 2005: 177; Monn��, 2012: 78. Type species: Lamia antennator Fabricius, 1801, by monotypy. Aethomerus Thomson, 1861: 338. Type species: Aethomerus filicornis Thomson, 1861, by monotypy. Eyes coarsely faceted. Frons vertical with decumbent setae near base, and few brown decumbent and erect setae between lower ocular lobe and base of the antennal tubercles. Lower ocular lobes oval. Apical segments of labial and maxillary palps distinctly acuminate at apex. Genae slightly projected. Antennal tubercles projected and directed posteriorly. Antennae filiform, long, exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomeres 5 or 6.with short, erect brown setae throughout. Scape at least 2.0x as long as antennomere 3; antennomere 3 at least subequal to 4 in length; antennomeres 4���6 subequal in length; antennomeres 7���11 increasing in length; antennomere 11 about 2.0x longer than 3. Scape clavate, short, narrowed at base. Pedicel short, cylindrical. Prothorax transverse; armed with lateral tubercle. Pronotum with pair of antemedian tubercles; row of punctures on posterior and anterior margins; punctures between the tubercles. Prosternal process narrow, about 4.0x as broad as coxal cavity; anterior coxal cavities closed behind. Intermediate coxal cavities open to epimera. Scutellum truncated or rounded at apex. Elytra about 3.0 or 4.0x as long as prothorax, with cristae at base, wider than prothorax on the base, slightly depressed in median region, gradually narrowing toward apices; fine punctures throughout. Humeri rounded and slightly prominent. Mesolegs longer than pro- and metalegs. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded; procoxae more prominent, with sulcus. Femora pedunculate-clavate with rounded, glabrous spot on inner dorsal surface. Profemora clavate, more swollen than others. Mesofemora with short peduncle. Metafemora with elongate peduncle. Protibiae curved, with longitudinal median sulcus in ventral region; meso- and metatibiae linear. Tibiae and femora subequal in length. First segment of metatarsus twice longer than second. First urosternite at least 2.5 x longer than next; 2���4 subequal in length. Fifth urosternite with sexual dimorphism: in males, basal third with continuous pilosity and apex not excavated (Figs. 3, 7, 14); in females, with narrow longitudinal glabrous and smooth band and apex excavated (Figs. 4, 10, 15). Comments. Lacordaire (1872) considered Aethomerus similar to Alphus White, 1855 (Alphus similis Martins, 1985, Figs. 43���47), the latter differing in being smaller and notably narrower, and the elytra with cristae at the base and granules. Macronemus is similar to Alphus with respect to the absence of long hairs on the body, the procoxae with a longitudinal median sulcus, and the pronotum and sides of the prothorax with tubercles. Macronemus differs from Alphus in the extremely long antennae, exceeding the elytral apices at antennomere 5 or 6, without sexual dimorphism, and antennomere 11 at least 2.0x longer than 3; scaly pubescence; protibiae curved and fifth urosternite with sexual dimorphism. In Alphus the antennae are long, exceeding the elytral apices at antennomere 7, with sexual dimorphism, males with antennomere 11 modified at the apex (Fig. 45) and about 1.3 x shorter than 3; pubescence filiform, not scaly; protibiae linear; procoxae with longitudinal median sulcus and fifth urosternite without sexual dimorphism (Figs 44, 47). Tippmann (1953) considered Pseudaethomerus (Pseudaethomerus lacordairei Bates, 1862, Figs 48���51) similar to Aethomerus, a synonym of Macronemus, because of the femora having large, planar, well-defined spots, shaped like a mirror; the latter differing in having the antennae shorter and stronger; antennomere 11 shorter and subequal to 3 in length; and the body thicker and robust. Macronemus is similar to Pseudaethomerus with respect to the prothorax armed with a lateral tubercle; the pronotum with a pair of projections; the femora with a rounded, glabrous spot on the inner surface; and the apex of the fifth urosternite of the females excavated and with a glabrous band at the base. Macronemus differs from Pseudaethomerus by the narrow antennomeres 3���4; the profemora without a rounded, glabrous spot on the outer surface; and the protibiae curved. In Pseudaethomerus (Figs 48,50) antennomeres 3���4 are thick; the profemora have a rounded, glabrous spot on the outer surface, and are robust; and the protibiae are linear., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on pages 164-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Macronemus antennator (Fabricius, 1801) (Figs 39���42) Geographical distribution. This species was known from French Guiana and Brazil (Amazonas, Par��, Rond��nia). The distribution is herein extended to Surinam and Brazil (Amap��). Specimens examined. FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenna, female, Fry Coll. 1900.100 (BMNH). SURINAM: Riv. Suriname, female, ���ex. ANSP 1983 ��� (MNRJ). BRAZIL: Amap��, Porto Santana, female, 26.VII. 1961, J. & B. Bechyn�� leg. (MNRJ); Par��: Jacareacanga, female, XII. 1968, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); ��bidos, female, III. 1958, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Tucuru��, 3 males, I. 1979, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); 3 males and 4 females, I. 1980, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Amazonas: AM 0 10 Km 268, female, 1���18.1972, B. C. Ratcliffe leg. (INPA); Estir��o do Equador, female, VII. 1958, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Fonte Boa, 02�� 32 �� 27 ��S, 66 ��04��0 8 ��W, female, 27.IX. 2005, F. F. Xavier leg. armadilha de Malaise (INPA); Humait��, male, VIII. 1980, G. S. Andrade leg. (MNRJ); S��o Paulo de Oliven��a, Campina, 03�� 28 �� 50 ��S, 68 �� 55 �� 25 ��W, male, J. A. Rafael & F. F. Rafael leg. coleta manual (INPA); Solim��es, Igarap�� Ja��an��, male, III. 1963, Carvalho & Lacombe leg. (MNRJ); Tabatinga, 2 males, X. 1977, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Tef��, female (BMNH); male, XII. 1957, R. Carvalho leg. (MNRJ); Rond��nia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, female, XII. 1983, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1986, O. Roppa, P. Magno & J. Becker leg. (MNRJ)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2013, The genus Macronemus Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): two new species, new records and a new synonymy, pp. 163-181 in Zootaxa 3693 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/220568

Macronemus mimus sp. nov. (Figs 18–26) Male. Integument reddish brown to dark brown. Ventral region covered with yellowish and whitish scaly pubescence. Head with yellowish scaly pubescence except spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence near inner margin of lower eye lobe and between upper lobes. Antennomere 11 about 2.5 x longer than 3. Scape with two bands of yellowish scaly pubescence intercalated with brown scaly pubescence and some spots of whitish scaly pubescence on ventral region near apex; pedicel with yellowish scaly pubescence in dorsal region and whitish scaly pubescence in ventral and lateral regions; antennomeres 3–11 with whitish and yellowish scaly pubescence on apical and basal halves and median band of brown scaly pubescence. Prothorax about 1.7 x as wide as long. Pronotum with one pair of projections flattened at apex, covered with spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence on outer side of each tubercle and narrow lines of whitish scaly pubescence; coarse and sparse punctures between the tubercles. Scutellum with yellowish scaly pubescence in median region and dark-brown pubescence on margins. Elytra about twice as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with small sparse punctures, and dense coarse punctures between cristae and eye-shaped spots. General scaly pubescence, concolor with body, except narrow lines of whitish scaly pubescence; basal third with two eye-shaped spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence; median region with two spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence (one spot crescent and the other drop-shaped); apical third with two diagonal bands (one of dark-brown and the other of yellowish scaly pubescence) descending toward apex, not reaching suture. Femora with median band of brown scaly pubescence delimited by whitish scaly pubescence intercalated with yellowish and dark-brown scaly pubescence; tibiae with white, sparse, short setae throughout and two bands of whitish scaly pubescence, intercalated with dark-brown scaly pubescence; inner protibial spur may be subequal to outer spur (Fig. 22) or longer and curved (Fig. 23). Female. Apex of fifth urosternite deeply excavated. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 7.6 –14.0/ 7.8–14.4; prothorax length, 1.6–2.8 / 1.6 –3.0; prothorax width, 2.2–4.7 / 2.4–4.7; elytral length, 5.3–10.5 / 5.7–10.6; humeral width, 2.7–5.8 / 2.9–5.8. Etymology. Greek, imitator, the specific epithet refers to the defensive behavior, possibly imitating bird dropping. Comments. Macronemus mimus sp. nov. (Figs 18–26) differs from all other species of the genus in having general scaly pubescence concolor with the body, somewhat uniform; elytral basal third with two eye-shaped spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence; and by the pronotum projection flattened at apex (Fig. 24). Biological note. This species was observed (Figs 25–26) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. It possibly mimics a bird dropping, which we believe is a defense or a cryptic behavior. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina) and Argentina (Misiones). Type material. Male holotype. BRAZIL, Bahia: Itapetinga, XI. 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ). Paratypes, BRAZIL, male (BMNH); Bahia, 2 females, “Fry Coll”. 1905.100 (BMNH); Itapetinga, male, XI. 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Encruzilhada Estr. RJ-BA Km 965 Motel da Divisa 960 m, female, XI. 1972, Seabra & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Minas Gerais: Funil, Manhumirim, São Domingos do Chalé, female, XII. 1921, W. Saar leg. (CEIOC); Juiz de Fora, male, XII. 1981, G.S. Andrade leg. (MNRJ); Pedra Azul, male, XI. 1972, Seabra & Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Poços de Caldas, male, female, XII. 1976, M.A. Monné leg. (MNRJ); Virgínia Faz. Campos 1500 m, male, 24.II. 1920, J.F. Zikán leg. (CEIOC); Espírito Santo: Barra do São Francisco, Córrego Itá, 2 males, XI. 1954, W. Grossmann leg. (MNRJ); female, XI. 1956, W. Grossmann leg. (MNRJ); Linhares (Parque Sooretama), female, X. 1963, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1967, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); 2 females, XI. 1967, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1967, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, X. 1968, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, II. 1969, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, female, X. 1969 (MNRJ); male, V. 1970, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, XI. 1971, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, female, X. 1972, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); female, X. 1972, Roppa & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, female, XI. 1972, P.C. Elias (MZSP); female, XI. 1972, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1973, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: (Botafogo), female, IV. 1933, L.T.F. leg. (CEIOC) “Coll. Costa Lima”; (Corcovado), female, 30.XI. 1957, D. Zajciw leg. (MNRJ); female, 5.XI. 1958, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 14.XI. 1958, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, 14.I. 1959, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 30.IX. 1959, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1959, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, IX. 1961, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1962, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 9.X. 1963, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, female, 15.X. 1963, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 22.X. 1963, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); male, 2.X. 1966, S.A.F. leg. (MNRJ); female, 6.X. 1974, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 3.XII. 1976, M.A. Monné leg. (MNRJ); female, 2.II. 1977, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 4.X. 1977, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 26.I. 1980, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); (Floresta da Tijuca) luz, male, 2.II. 1959, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1967, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, IV. 1970, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, I. 1971, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, IV. 1982, Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, 14.X. 1990, A.S. leg. (CEIOC); Represa Rio Grande, male, 1–15.IX. 1960, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); female, I. 1968, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); 5.X. 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); (Floresta do Macaco), male, I. 1958, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1958, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); female, X. 1959, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1961, Altamiro B. Pereira leg. (MNRJ); Itatiaia (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia) 700 m, female, 21.I. 1937, J.F.Zikán leg. (CEIOC); male, Fragoso leg. (MNRJ); 1250 m female, 26–30.XII. 2008, M.L. & M.A. Monné leg. (MNRJ); Nova Friburgo, male, female, III. 1969, Fragoso leg. (MNRJ); Teresópolis (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos), male, 21.XI. 1955, Zajciw leg. (MNRJ); São Paulo: Amparo, male (MNRJ); (Cantareira), male, 10.I. 1941, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); female, 16.XI. 1941, Dr. Nick leg. (MNRJ); Ilha da Vitória, male, 24.III– 6.IV. 1965, Exp. Dep.Zool. (MZSP); Peruíbe, male, XII. 1944, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Paraná: Curitiba Campina Grande, female, 15.II. 1966 H. & M. Townes leg. (MNRJ); female, 21.II. 1966 H. & M. Townes leg. (MNRJ); Santa Catarina: Anita Garibaldi, female, XII. 1940, “Col. Dirings” (MZSP); Colônia Neudorf, female, J.M. Bosq. leg. (MNRJ); female, 14.I. 1940 (MNRJ); male, female, 20.I. 1960 (MNRJ); Corupá, male, female, I. 1938, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, female, III. 1938, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1939, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); male, II. 1945, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, III. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); female, XII. 1953, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); 60 m, male, XI. 1960 (MNRJ); 60 m, 2 females, I. 1963 (MNRJ); Mafra, female, XII. 1941, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Rio Natal, male, I. 1957, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Rio Vermelho (Corupá), female, IV. 1965, S.A.F. leg. (MNRJ); Seara (Nova Teutônia), 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), male, 18.XI. 1940, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), male, XII. 1940, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), male, 10.XII. 1940, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), female, I. 1941, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); male, 24.I. 1942, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 300–500 m 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), male, 18.I. 1966, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 300–500 m 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), female, 25.I. 1966, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); 27 º 11 ’B 52 º 23 ’L (27 º 11 ’S 52 º 23 ’W), female, I. 1974, F. Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); Timbó, female, XII. 1940, “Col. Dirings” (MZSP). ARGENTINA: Misiones, Loreto, female, Dr. A.A. Oglobin leg. (MNRJ).

Key to species of Macronemus 1. Elytra with large band of whitish scaly pubescence on apical 1 / 4; protibiae slightly curved, almost linear. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro) (Figs 1–4)...................................................... M. analis (Pascoe, 1866) - Elytral scaly pubescence otherwise colored; protibiae curved................................................... 2 2. Profemora with inferior margin projected near base and with longitudinal, glabrous band where the protibial spine fits (Figs 11, 16– 17); males with protibiae with a single spur and a long apical spine (Figs. 8, 16) and with fifth urosternite apical margin strongly bisinuate (Figs 7, 14)............................................................................ 3 - Profemora without inferior margin projected near base and without glabrous band; protibiae with two spurs, without a spine (Figs 22–23) and males with fifth urosternite apical margin from straight to slightly sinuous (Fig. 3).................... 4 3 (2). Integument brown; antennae, exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomere 5; elytra with triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and elytral basal third without defined band of brown scaly pubescence. Peru, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia) (Figs 5–11)................. M. rufescens (Bates, 1862) - Integument dark-brown to black; antennae, exceeding elytral apices, in both sexes, at antennomere 6; elytra without triangular postmedian band, parallel to the suture of dark-brown scaly pubescence and elytral basal third with a curved band of brown scaly pubescence, reaching the suture. Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas), French Guiana (Bélizon) (Figs 12–17).................................................................................................... M. giuglarisi sp. nov. 4 (2). Pronotum with one pair of projections flattened at apex (Fig. 24); elytral basal third with two eye-shaped spots of dark-brown scaly pubescence. Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina), Argentina (Figs 18–26)......................... M. mimus sp. nov. - Pronotum with one pair of projections rounded at apex; elytral basal third otherwise colored.......................... 5 5 (4). Elytral apex with one pair of subparallel bands of whitish scaly pubescence; apex of fifth urosternite in females almost not excavated (Figs 10, 15). Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Figs 27–32).. M. filicornis (Thomson, 1861) - Elytral apex with one or more pairs of oblique bands of whitish scaly pubescence; apex of fifth urosternite in females deeply excavated (Fig. 4)..................................................................................... 6 6 (5). Elytral dorsal and lateral surfaces thickly rugose. Mexico (Veracruz) to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia (Figs 33–38).......................................................................... M. asperulus White, 1855 - Elytral dorsal and lateral surfaces semismooth to slightly rugose. Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia) (Figs 39–42)....................................................... M. antennator (Fabricius, 1801)

Key to species of Anoreina 1. Elytra with two short, zigzag, blue-grey bands, one before and the other after the middle region; each side at middle with a tawny spot, encircled by a whitish ring. Brazil (Amazonas), Peru. (Figs 92���93).......... Anoreina biannulata (Bates, 1866) - Elytral pubescence otherwise colored...................................................................... 2 2 (1). Body with white modified setae, contrasting with the pubescence that covers the integument (Fig. 89); basal third of elytra with spots of yellowish pubescence; triangular median band of whitish pubescence, reaching the suture, bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence. (pronotum anterior margin straight, with sparse punctures or without punctures; elytral apex rounded). Brazil (Amazonas, Par��, Mato Grosso, Rond��nia), Colombia (Figs 98���101).................................................. Anoreina triangularis (Martins & Galileo, 2005) - Body without white modified setae, contrasting with the pubescence that covers the integument; elytra with another pattern. 3 3 (2). Elytral basal third with a longitudinal band of black integument next to humeri..................................... 4 - Elytral basal third without a longitudinal band of black integument next to humeri.................................. 5 4 (3). Elytral pubescent band clearly visible; integument reddish brown; elytra with band of whitish pubescence, little contrasting with the pubescence, beginning in the posthumeral region and extending to the median region, reaching the suture; postmedian region of elytra with irregular spots of reddish brown intercalated with yellowish pubescence. Ecuador (Figs 90���91).............................................................................. Anoreina ayri Martins & Galileo, 2008 - Elytral pubescent band not clearly visible, interspersed with the pubescence; integument dark brown; elytra with a band of whitish pubescence, contrastive with the pubescence, and, in this, a spot of yellowish pubescence next to epipleura; postmedian elytral region with thin irregular bands of whitish and yellowish pubescence. Brazil (Par��, Amazonas, Rond��nia, Amap��), Peru, French Guiana (Fig. 95)..................................................... Anoreina nana (Bates, 1861) 5 (3). Pronotum anterior margin without a row of coarse punctures; total length not exceeding 6 mm (elytra with a median band of whitish pubescence, reaching the suture, little contrasting with the pubescence, bordered by yellowish pubescence; apical 1 / 4 with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence). Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rond��nia) (Fig. 96)................................................................................................ Anoreina helenae, new species - Pronotum anterior margin with a row of coarse punctures, continued or interrupted, on median region; total length exceeding 6 mm................................................................................................. 6 6 (5). Elytral apex obliquely truncate; pronotum anterior margin distinctly sinuous; a narrow, longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the median region to the apex; elytra with a large, median, irregular band of yellowish pubescence bordered by whitish and dark brown pubescence. Brazil (Mato Grosso) (Fig. 97).................... Anoreina roosevelti, new species - Elytral apex rounded; pronotum anterior margin slightly sinuous; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the basal third to the apex; elytra with a median triangular band of whitish pubescence, not reaching the suture, and postmedian with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence. Brazil (Par��, Rond��nia), Ecuador (Fig. 94)....................................................................................... Anoreina piara Martins & Galileo, 2008, Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Bates, H. W. (1866) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 17, 425 - 435.","Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2005) Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) da Colombia. VII. Novos taxons, novos registros, nova sinonimia, nova combinacao e novo nome. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22 (1), 5 - 18.","Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2008) Notas e novos taxons em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). III. Generos semelhantes a Anoreina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 48 (10), 69 - 73.","Bates, H. W. (1861) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 8, 147 - 152."]}

Key to species of Zikanita 1. Intercoxal process of mesosternum tuberculate.............................................................. 2 - Intercoxal process of mesosternum planar.................................................................. 3 2 (1). Elytra slightly elevated at base, without cristae, lacking setae, apices sinuous and not spinose; integument dark brown. Brazil (Mato Grosso and Goiás) (Fig. 1)......................................................... Z. plumbea sp. nov. - Elytra with a prominent basal cristae, with setae, apices sinuous and spinose; integument reddish brown. Brazil (Minas Gerais to São Paulo) (Fig. 2).............................................................. Z. perpulchra Lane, 1943 3 (1). Apical 1 / 4 of elytra with whitish pubescence and a rounded dark brown spot; basal cristae prominent, with sparse setae. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador (Fig. 3)....................................................... Z. biocellata (Tippmann, 1960) - Apical 1 / 4 of elytra with predominantly whitish pubescence; basal cristae shallow, with a tuft of setae. Brazil, Peru (Fig. 4)................................................................... Zikanita argenteofasciata (Tippmann, 1960)

Anoreina triangularis (Martins & Galileo, 2005) (Figs 50���52; 53���58; 89; 98���100; 111) Xenofrea triangularis Martins & Galileo, 2005: 12, fig. 7; Monn��, 2005: 662 (catalogue). Anoreina triangularis; N��ouze & Tavakilian, 2005: 132; Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Male. Integument dark brown to black. Head with yellowish pubescence. Frons with two setae near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Dorsal region of the head covered with white modified setae (Fig. 98). Lower eye lobe about 1.5 times wider than the upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palpi as long as preceding and the basal about half as long as following. Apical segment of maxillary palps about 1 / 3 longer than preceding. Antennae with sexual dimorphism; long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 6 in males and 7 in females. Scape and pedicel covered with yellowish pubescence and white modified setae. Antennae, except 6���11, covered with dark brown pubescence and white modified setae. Prothorax about twice as wide as long. Pronotum covered with dark brown pubescence with irregular yellowish spots and white modified setae; anterior margin straight with sparse punctures or without punctures; some punctures near posterior margin. Mesosternum and mesepimeron with smooth surface covered with dark brown pubescence and white modified setae. Mesepisternum covered with orangish pubescence and white modified setae. Metasternum with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin, with orangish pubescence at sides, and white modified setae. Metepisternum covered with dark brown pubescence and two regions (one median the other posterior) with spots of yellowish pubescence and white modified setae. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 3.5 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with dark brown or reddish pubescence and white modified setae, except: basal third with spots of yellowish pubescence; median triangular band, reaching the suture, of whitish pubescence bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the apical third to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence and white modified setae; tibiae with long black setae intercalated with dark brown pubescence. Urosternite 5 truncate and rounded at apex in both sexes; laterally covered with white modified setae. Male terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 54) membranous, except in the apical region, sinuous at apex; apophysis narrow and about half as long as the apical region of the sternite. Tergite 8 (Fig. 53) membranous, except in the apical region, slightly sinuous at apex. Median lobe (Figs 57���58) curved; dorsal lobe shorter than ventral, both acuminate at apex; basal apophyses shorter than apical, both truncate at apex; internal sac with three sclerotized pieces, two parallel "half moon-like", the other arched. Tegmen (Fig. 55) and median lobe subequal in length; apical region narrow and divided into lobes, apices rounded with erect, long and short setae; ring piece elongate, and truncate at apex. Ventral arc (Fig. 56) fork-shaped, apophysis about 1 / 3 longer than the arm; curved at apex. Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 51) rectangular with one pair of tufts of short setae near apical margin; sternal apophysis about 4.0 times as long as the apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 50) with tergal apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber about half as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 52) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with a little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 52): two vaginal plates, foliaceus between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, rounded at the end; spermathecal duct short and spermatheca curved and widened at the base, narrowing towards the end, a little more enlarged; spermathecal gland short, about 1 / 3 as long as spermatheca. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 5.3���7.8 / 5.8 ���8.0; prothorax length, 1.0��� 1.4 /1.0��� 1.4; prothorax width, 1.7���2.6 / 1.8���2.6; elytral length, 3.8���5.6 / 4.2���5.7; humeral width, 2.4���3.5 / 2.6���3.8. Type material. We examined the female holotype (Figs 98���101), from Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu (Mocagua, 3 �� 23 ���S, 70 ��06���W, 150 m), Colombia (IAHC). Comments. Martins & Galileo (2005) described Xenofrea triangularis and considered it similar to X. albofasciata Galileo & Martins, 2001, described from Brazil (Paran��, Santa Catarina), by the large band of whitish pubescence in the middle of the elytra. The two species differed by several characteristics: in X. triangularis the upper eye lobes are separated from each other by the width of a lobe and the pronotum is smooth with spots of orangish pubescence; in X. albofasciata the upper eye lobes are separated from each other by two times the width of a lobe and the pronotum is densely punctate, without spots of pubescence at sides. N��ouze & Tavakilian (2005) delimited the tribe Xenofreini, providing several characteristics: scape subcylindrical, antennomeres 3���4 with a sensory apical latero-external pit, metasternum depressed in males, and protibiae with three apical spurs, the median being moveable. Since Xenofrea triangularis did not have those characteristics, it was transferred to the Acanthoderini and included in the genus Anoreina. The presence in Anoreina triangularis of white, modified setae (Figs. 89, 98��� 101) on the body and the elytra on basal third with spots of yellowish pubescence, a median triangular band, reaching the suture, of whitish pubescence bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence, allows easy recognition of this species, distinguishing it from the others. Martins & Galileo (2005) described the holotype as a male but N��ouze & Tavakilian (2005) called it a female. In Anoreina, the urosternite 5 presents sexual dimorphism: females have a narrow longitudinal median, smooth and glabrous band on basal third, and in males the pilosity is continuous. Analyzing the photo of the urosternite 5 of the holotype (Fig. 100), we noted the presence of a narrow longitudinal median, smooth and glabrous band; thus, we can affirm, it is a female, as stated by N��ouze & Tavakilian (2005). Martins & Galileo (2005), when they described the species, referred to the sparse structures present on the dorsal surface of the body as scales. Torre-Bueno (1937) and Gordh & Headrick (2001) defined a scale as a flattened cuticular projection present in the integument of many insects. After SEM analysis (Fig. 89), we can denote that it is a dilated seta in almost its entire length, except at the apex. Therefore, we consider it more accurate to refer to these structures as modified setae rather than scales. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Rond��nia, Mato Grosso) and Colombia. It is reported herein from Brazil (Par��, Amazonas) (Fig. 111). Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Par��, Jacareacanga, 2 males and 2 females; male and female, XII. 1968, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, V. 1969, F. R. Barbosa leg. (MNRJ); female, VI. 1970, F. R. Barbosa leg. (MNRJ); Amazonas: Estir��o do Equador, R. Javari, male and female, VIII���IX. 1958, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Mato Grosso: Ju��na, female, V. 1986, O. Roppa & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Rond��nia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, female, X. 1983, Becker, O. Roppa & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Ariquemes, 62 Km SW, Fazenda Rancho Grande, male, 4��� 16.XI. 1997, J. E. Eger leg. light trap (MZSP)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2005) Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) da Colombia. VII. Novos taxons, novos registros, nova sinonimia, nova combinacao e novo nome. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22 (1), 5 - 18.","Neouze, G. L. & Tavakilian, G. L. (2005) Materiaux pour une revision des Xenofreini - I. Especes nouvelles de Guyane (Lamiinae). Coleopteres, 11 (13), 129 - 164.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 460 pp.","Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la (1937) A Glossary of Entomology. Brooklyn Entomological Society. Brooklyn, New York, 336 pp.","Gordh, G. & Headrick, D. H. (2001) A Dictionary of Entomology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, U. K., 1032 pp."]}

Anoreina nana (Bates, 1861) (Figs 1���46; 84���87; 90���91; 111) Oreodera (Anoreina) nana Bates, 1861: 149; Aurivillius, 1923: 378 (catalogue); Gilmour, 1965: 606 (catalogue); Monn��, 1994: 33 (catalogue). Oreodera nana; Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3140 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 608 (catalogue). Anoreina nana; Monn�� & Giesbert, 1994: 233 (checklist); Monn�� & Giesbert, 1995: 240 (checklist); Monn��, 2005: 168 (catalogue); Morvan & Morati, 2006: 35 (distribution); Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Male. Integument dark brown. Ventral region of the body and head with yellowish pubescence. Frons (Figs 1���4) with one seta near inner margin of the lower ocular lobe. Lower eye lobe about twice to 2.5 times wider than the upper lobe (Figs 1���4). Labrum (Fig. 7) almost as wide as long, apical margin rounded with two pairs of lateral, long setae and short, dense setae throughout, central-median region with one pair of long setae. Mandibles (Figs 5��� 6) triangular, symmetrical and acuminated at apex; about a little shorter than the width across the base; rounded externally, with short setae and a long seta in the antemedian region; the inner cutting edge without teeth or setae fringe. Maxillae (Fig. 9): cardo and stipes well developed; galea narrow and elongate, enlarged at apex; apical third with long and dense setae, feebly curved towards lacinia; lacinia developed with sparse setae; palpi basal segment cylindrical, curved, short and about 1 / 3 as long as apical; second and third segments enlarged at apex, narrowing towards base, subequal in length and the second with a long seta; the apical segment acuminate at apex. Labium (Fig. 8): mentum trapezoidal; ligula semicoriaceous, diverging at sides to the apical region; apical portion divided into two rounded lobes; short pilosity concentrated on the anterior and inner margins of the lobes; the apical segment of the palpi acuminate at apex, with a long seta, about 1 / 3 shorter than preceding and this curved, enlarged with a long seta. FIGURES. 1���9. Anoreina nana (Bates, 1861) male: 1���4, head, dorsal, ventral, frontal, lateral; 5���6, mandible, dorsal, ventral; 7, labrum, dorsal; 8, labium, dorsal; 9, maxilla, dorsal. Antennae (Figs 10, 90) with sexual dimorphism; long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 7 in males and, antennomere 8 in females. Antennae covered with light-brown pubescence, except antennomeres 4���6 with whitish pubescence on half or basal third. Prothorax (Figs 11 ���14, 84��� 86) almost twice as wide as long; covered with yellowish pubescence concentrated on the median region and sides of prothorax, and dark brown pubescence. Pronotum with anterior margin slightly sinuous, with interrupted row of coarse punctures; three or four pairs of punctures near posterior margin. Prosternal process (Fig. 86) with microsculptured surface and sparse pores. Metasternum (Figs 15���16) with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin. Proendosternite (Figs 11, 14, 84, 86) developed and directed towards the posterior region of the body; large at the base, gradually narrowing to the apex; apex rounded. Mesendosternite (Fig. 17) obliquely directed towards the mesepimeron and entirely fused to the inner wall of the mesosternum; projections for tendons insertion well developed and fused to them, reaching the metendosternite. Metendosternite (Figs 17, 19) hylecoetoid, with elongate and cylindrical lamina, separated by large and rounded chamfer; arms perpendicular to lamina and divergent to each other; peduncle and lamina subequal in length. Scutellum with yellowish and dark brown pubescence. Stridulatory plate (Fig. 18) short, somewhat triangular, rounded at sides. FIGURES. 10���14. Anoreina nana male: 10, antenna dorsal; 11���14, prothorax, dorsal, lateral, ventral, posterior. pr=proendosternite. Scale= 1 mm. Elytra (Figs 20���21) about 3.5 to 4.5 times as long as prothorax; apices acuminated; covered with dark brown pubescence, except: basal third with a longitudinal band of black integument, near humeri, not clearly visible, confounding with the pubescence; post-scutellum region with yellowish pubescence; median band of whitish pubescence and, in this, one spot of yellowish pubescence, near epipleura; postmedian with narrow irregular bands of yellowish and whitish pubescence. A narrow longitudinal ridge (Fig. 20), after median band, follows the elytral suture until the apex. Wings (Fig. 22) with length about three times its bigger width; Subcosta (Sc) restricted to 1 / 4 basal; Radius base (R) presents a carinate area (ca), Radius cell closed and oval; s-m developed, not reaching Cubitus (Cu); the apical section of the Anterior Media (AM) is present; Plical (P) reduced; Empusal (E) base attached to the 1 st Anal (1 A); branch a of Empusal (Ea) developed; 1 st and 2 nd Anal (1 A e 2 A) developed, transversal; 2 Aa present and oblique; Jugal (Ju) long. Legs (Figs 23���35) with yellowish pubescence; tibiae apical half with dark brown pubescence and black, short setae more concentrated in the apical third. Empodium (Fig. 35) reduced, triangular, without setae. Fifth urosternite with apical margin rounded (Figs 43, 87) in females and truncate (Figs 36, 87) in males. Male terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 38) membranous, except in the apical region. Median lobe (Figs 41���42) curved; dorsal lobe shorter than ventral lobe, both acuminate at apex; the apical region about 2 / 3 as long as the basal apophyses, rounded at apex; internal sac with two parallel sclerotized pieces "half moon-like". Tegmen (Fig. 39) almost as long as median lobe; apical region narrow and divided into lobes, base of the parameres with a row of short setae; rounded at apex with erect, long and short setae; ring piece elongate, and truncate at apex. Ventral arc (Fig. 40) fork-shaped, apophysis about twice as long as arm; curved at apex. Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 45) rectangular with one pair of tuft of long setae near the apical margin; sternal apophysis about three times as long as apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 44) with tergals apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 (Fig. 44) membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber, about 1 / 4 as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 46) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with a little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 46): two triangular vaginal plates between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, rounded at the end; spermathecal duct short and spermatheca straight and elongate at the base, this, slightly, wider; spermathecal gland short, about 1 / 3 as long as spermatheca. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 4.9 /6.0���7.0; prothorax length, 0.9 / 1.1���1.2; prothorax width, 1.7 / 2.2; elytral length, 3.4 /4.0���5.0; humeral width, 2.0/ 2.7. FIGURES. 15���19. Anoreina nana male: 15���16, mesosternum and metasternum, ventral and lateral; 17, meso- and metendosternite fused; 18, mesoscutum and scutellum; 19, metendosternite, ventral. te=tendon, me=mesendosternite, a=arm, la=lamina, sp=stridulatory plate. FIGURES. 20���22. Anoreina nana male: 20���21, elytra, dorsal, lateral; 22, wing. Lr=Longitudinal ridge, C=Costa, Sc=Subcosta, ca=carinate area, E=Empusal, Ea= branch a of Empusal, Ju=Jugal, R=Radius, Cu=Cubitus, AM=Anterior Media, PM=Posterior Media, P=Plical, 1 A= 1 st Anal, 2 A= 2 nd Anal. Type material. During the study of the type material of the MNHN we found two specimens of Oreodera (Anoreina) nana Bates, 1861, with no holotype selected. In order to promote nomenclatural stability a lectotype is designated for the name Anoreina nana (Bates, 1861). Comments. Anoreina nana (Fig. 90) resembles A. piara (Fig. 90), A.triangularis (Fig. 98) and A. roosevelti (Fig. 97) due to the visible median band of whitish or yellowish pubescence on the elytra. However, it differs from A. piara mainly by the body integument being dark brown, from A. triangularis by the absence of white modified setae on the body, and from A. roosevelti by the elytral apex being acuminate. Anoreina piara has the body integument reddish brown, A. triangularis has white modified setae on the body, and A. roosevelti has the elytral apex obliquely truncate. Concerning the studies of male terminalia, Anoreina nana is the only one that has a row of short setae on the base of the parameres. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Par��, Amazonas), Peru, and French Guiana. It is reported herein from two new states in Brazil: Amap�� and Rond��nia (Fig. 111). FIGURES. 23���34. Anoreina nana male: legs. 23���24, protibia and profemur; 25���26, protarsus dorsal, lateral; 27���28, mesotibia and mesofemur; 29���30, mesotarsus dorsal. lateral; 31���32, metatibia and metafemur; 33���34, metatarsus dorsal e lateral; 35, empodium. Scale= 1mm. FIGURES. 36���42. Anoreina nana male: 36, abdomen ventral; 37, tergite 8; 38, sternite 8; 39, tegmen; 40, ventral arc; 41���42, median lobe, dorsal, lateral. dl=dorsal lobe, vl=ventral lobe. FIGURES. 43���46. Anoreina nana female: 43, abdomen ventral; 44, tergite 8 + segment 9; 45, sternite 8; 46, spermathecal complex. seg IX=segment 9, ta=tergal apodeme, tg VIII=tergite 8, sg=spermathecal gland, sp=spermatheca, bc=bursa copulatrix, vp=vaginal plate, co=commom oviduct, cx=coxite, st=stylus, sa=sternal apodeme, ts=tuft of setae. Scale= 1mm. Specimens examined. FRENCH GUIANA, Track B��lizon, PK 15 +17, 3 females and 2 males, I���III. 2007, J. L. Giuglaris leg. (MNRJ). BRAZIL, Par��: lectotype, 1 female (figs. 90, 91) (present designation): ��� nana /Bates ann N. H.��� ��� Type ��� ��� Anoreina / nana /Par�� Bates���, ���Museum Paris/Coll. H. W. Bates/ 1952 ���; Amap��: Serra do Navio (Assentamento), male and female, IX. 1996, Paulo R. Magno leg. (MNRJ); Rond��nia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, male, XI. 1983, O. Roppa, J. Becker & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ). FIGURES. 47���52. Anoreina piara female: 47, tergite 8 +segment 9; 48, sternite 8; 49, female terminalia. Anoreina triangularis female: 50 tergite 8 + segment 9; 51, sternite 8; 52, spermathecal complex. Scale= 1 mm. FIGURES. 53���58. Male terminalia, Anoreina triangularis, 53, tergite 8; 54, sternite 8; 55, tegmen; 56, ventral arc; 57���58, median lobe dorsal, lateral., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 7-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Bates, H. W. (1861) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 8, 147 - 152.","Aurivillius C. (1923) Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 74, Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. W. Junk, Berlin, 323 - 704.","Gilmour, E. F. (1965) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde (Col., Cerambycidae). 8 Lief. Museum G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, 559 - 655.","Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. (1873) Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Gummi, Monachii, 10, 2989 - 3232.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1946) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 551 - 763.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 410 pp.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1995) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 420 pp.","Morvan, O. & Morati, J. (2006) Contribution a la commaisance des Cerambycidae de la montagne de Kaw, Guyane Francaise (Coleoptera). Lambillionea, 106 (3), suppl. 2, 3 - 63.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 460 pp."]}

Zikanita plumbea sp. nov. Fig. 1 Description. Female holotype. Integument dark brown. Body mostly lead-gray and covered with shiny silver metallic pubescence under light and sparse erect white hairs. Antennomeres IV–XI decreasing in length; antennomere XI about half length of antennomere III. Prothorax about 2 / 3 broader than long. Pronotum with a spot of black pubescence at outer side of each tubercle. Intercoxal process of mesosternum with rhomboid tubercle. Sulcus of metasternum almost reaching anterior margin. Elytra about 4 x as long as prothorax, slightly elevated at base, without cristae. Elytral apices sinuous, with outer angles feebly projected. General pubescence concolor with body, except two oblique black bands, one medial and one on apical one-third; a narrow longitudinal carinae follows the elytral suture from the basal third nearly to the apex. Male. Very similar to female, differing in the antennae exceeding elytral apices at antennomere VIII. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length (from head to elytral apices), 18.0/17.0– 19.6; prothorax length, 3.5 / 2.6–3.6; prothorax width, 6.0/5.0–6.0; elytral length, 13.0/12.0–14.0; humeral width, 7.2 / 6.9–8.4. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the color of the pubescence of this species. Type material. Female holotype, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Rondonópolis, 300 m (no date and collector) (MNRJ). Paratypes, Goiás: Jataí, female, 1847, M. de Castelnau col. (MNHN); male, female, XII. 1897 – I. 1898, Pujol col. (MNHN). Remarks. Zikanita plumbea sp. nov. (Fig. 1) differs from all other species of the genus in the color of the pubescence and the integument and the elytral apices not spinose. Zikanita plumbea sp. nov. may be confounded with Psapharochrus nigricans (Lameere, 1885). Psapharochrus nigricans (Fig. 5) can be distinguished by the elytral apex with a prominent spine, the planar intercoxal process of the mesosternum, the elytra lacking black setae and white hairs on the entire the body, the posterior median region of the pronotum with a band of whitish pubescence and the apical margins of the scutellum not elevated. In Z. plumbea (Fig. 1) the elytral apex is only slightly projected and lacks a spine, the intercoxal process of mesosternum is tubercled, the elytra has black setae and the body white hairs, the posterior median region of the pronotum lacks a band of whitish pubescence and the apical margins of the scutellum are slightly elevated.

Oreodera simplex Bates, 1861 (Figs 76���83; 106���110) Oreodera simplex Bates, 1861: 148; Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3141 (catalogue); Aurivillius, 1923: 377 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 609 (catalogue); Gilmour, 1965: 605 (catalogue); Monn�� & Giesbert, 1994: 236 (checklist); Monn��, 1994: 32 (catalogue); Monn�� & Giesbert, 1995: 243 (checklist); Berkov & Tavakilian, 1999: 188 (host plant); Berkov et al., 2000: 445 (host plant); Monn��, 2001 b: 46 (catalogue); Morvan & Morati, 2006: 37 (distribution). Anoreina pinimaiuba Martins & Galileo, 2008: 72, fig. 4. Syn. nov. Host plant: Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S. A. Mori (Lecythidaceae). Bates (1861) described Oreodera simplex (Figs 108���110) from Brazil (Amazonas), based on one specimen: a male. Martins & Galileo (2008) described Anoreina pinimaiuba (Figs. 106, 107) from Brazil (Amazonas), based on two specimens: a male and a female. Examination of the male holotype (Fig. 106) and female paratype (Fig. 107) of Anoreina pinimaiuba, the photograph of the holotype of Oreodera simplex, and the original descriptions and 23 specimens of Oreodera simplex, revealed two differences between the holotypes: the aspect of the yellowish pubescence and the punctation. Analyzing 25 specimens, including the paratype of Anoreina pinimaiuba, revealed considerable variation in the color pattern of the elytra (Figs. 106���110) which can form isolated spots to transverse bands, and the elytral punctation, which can be restricted to the basal half or extend to the apices. We conclude that Anoreina pinimaiuba is an extreme morphological variant of Oreodera simplex, and this was only possible to be observed through an examination of a series of specimens. Its presence in Oreodera is confirmed by the presence on the pronotum of one pair of slightly prominent tubercles along with having the elytral disc depressed. Despite Bates (1861) and Martins & Galileo (2008) considered the pronotum without tubercles, it is possible to observe one pair of slightly prominent tubercles, unlike other species of Anoreina. Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Amap��: Serra do Navio (Assentamento), female, IX. 1996, Paulo R. Magno leg. (MNRJ); male and 4 females, X. 1996, Paulo R. Magno leg. (MNRJ); Par��: Jacareacanga, female, XII. 1968, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); female, Acc n�� 2966, Julho (MZSP); Amazonas: Estir��o do Equador, R. Javari, female, XI. 1958, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male (holotype of Anoreina pinimaiuba), Manaus (Reserva Ducke, AM 0 10, Km 26), 25.VII. 1978, armadilha de Malaise (MZSP); female (paratype of Anoreina pinimaiuba), same locality of the holotype, 18.IV. 1978 J. Arias & N. Penny leg. armadilha de Malaise (INPA); Tabatinga, 2 males, X. 1958, F. M.Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, XI. 1958, F. M.Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, I. 1959, F. M.Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male and 2 females, X. 1977, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, XI. 1977, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); male, XII. 1977, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, VIII. 1978, B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Rond��nia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, females, X. 1983, O. Roppa, J. Becker & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); BOLIVIA, Cochabamba: Provincia Chapare, male, 8.XII. 1945, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Vila Tunari, female, 10���25.XI. 1992, G. Arriagada leg. (MZSP)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Bates, H. W. (1861) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 8, 147 - 152.","Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. (1873) Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Gummi, Monachii, 10, 2989 - 3232.","Aurivillius C. (1923) Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 74, Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. W. Junk, Berlin, 323 - 704.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1946) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 551 - 763.","Gilmour, E. F. (1965) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde (Col., Cerambycidae). 8 Lief. Museum G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, 559 - 655.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 410 pp.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1995) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 420 pp.","Berkov, A. & Tavakilian, G. (1999) Hosts utilization of the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) by sympatric wood-boring species of Palame (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 67, 181 - 198.","Berkov, A., Meurer-Grimes, B. & Purzycki, K. L. (2000) Do Lecythidaceae specialists (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) shun fetid tree species?. Biotropica, 32 (3), 440 - 451.","Monne, M. A. (2001) Catalogue of the Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) with known host plant - Part III: Subfamily Lamiinae, Tribes Acanthocinini to Apomecynini. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Nacional, 92, 1 - 94.","Morvan, O. & Morati, J. (2006) Contribution a la commaisance des Cerambycidae de la montagne de Kaw, Guyane Francaise (Coleoptera). Lambillionea, 106 (3), suppl. 2, 3 - 63.","Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2008) Notas e novos taxons em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). III. Generos semelhantes a Anoreina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 48 (10), 69 - 73."]}

Zikanita plumbea sp. nov. Fig. 1 Description. Female holotype. Integument dark brown. Body mostly lead-gray and covered with shiny silver metallic pubescence under light and sparse erect white hairs. Antennomeres IV���XI decreasing in length; antennomere XI about half length of antennomere III. Prothorax about 2 / 3 broader than long. Pronotum with a spot of black pubescence at outer side of each tubercle. Intercoxal process of mesosternum with rhomboid tubercle. Sulcus of metasternum almost reaching anterior margin. Elytra about 4 x as long as prothorax, slightly elevated at base, without cristae. Elytral apices sinuous, with outer angles feebly projected. General pubescence concolor with body, except two oblique black bands, one medial and one on apical one-third; a narrow longitudinal carinae follows the elytral suture from the basal third nearly to the apex. Male. Very similar to female, differing in the antennae exceeding elytral apices at antennomere VIII. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length (from head to elytral apices), 18.0/17.0��� 19.6; prothorax length, 3.5 / 2.6���3.6; prothorax width, 6.0/5.0���6.0; elytral length, 13.0/12.0���14.0; humeral width, 7.2 / 6.9���8.4. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the color of the pubescence of this species. Type material. Female holotype, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Rondon��polis, 300 m (no date and collector) (MNRJ). Paratypes, Goi��s: Jata��, female, 1847, M. de Castelnau col. (MNHN); male, female, XII. 1897 ��� I. 1898, Pujol col. (MNHN). Remarks. Zikanita plumbea sp. nov. (Fig. 1) differs from all other species of the genus in the color of the pubescence and the integument and the elytral apices not spinose. Zikanita plumbea sp. nov. may be confounded with Psapharochrus nigricans (Lameere, 1885). Psapharochrus nigricans (Fig. 5) can be distinguished by the elytral apex with a prominent spine, the planar intercoxal process of the mesosternum, the elytra lacking black setae and white hairs on the entire the body, the posterior median region of the pronotum with a band of whitish pubescence and the apical margins of the scutellum not elevated. In Z. plumbea (Fig. 1) the elytral apex is only slightly projected and lacks a spine, the intercoxal process of mesosternum is tubercled, the elytra has black setae and the body white hairs, the posterior median region of the pronotum lacks a band of whitish pubescence and the apical margins of the scutellum are slightly elevated., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Synopsis of Zikanita Lane (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2795 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277014

Anoreina helenae new species (Figs 59 –67; 96; 111) Male. Integument dark brown. Head with yellowish pubescence. Frons with two setae near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Lower eye lobe about twice as wide as upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palps slightly longer than preceding and basal about 1 / 3 as long as following. Apical segment of about 1 / 3 longer than preceding. Maxillary palps decreasing in length towards apex. Antennae (Figs 10, 96) with sexual dimorphism, long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 7 in males and 8 in females. Scape and pedicel with yellowish pubescence; antennomeres 3–11 covered with brown pubescence, except antennomeres 4–6 with whitish pubescence on half or basal third. Prothorax about twice as wide as long. Pronotum covered with yellowish pubescence, more concentrated in the median region and sides of prothorax, and sparse whitish pubescence. Pronotum anterior margin straight, without row of coarse punctures; one pair of coarse median punctures near posterior margin. Mesepisternum covered with whitish pubescence. Mesosternum and metepisternum covered with yellowish pubescence. Metasternum with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 4.3 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with reddish or dark brown pubescence, except: postscutellum region with yellowish pubescence and basal third with spots of whitish pubescence; median band of whitish pubescence, which reaches the suture, little contrastive with the pubescence, bordered by yellowish pubescence; apical 1 / 4 with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence. Narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the median region to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence; tibiae apical half with dark brown pubescence and short black erect setae. Urosternite 5 rounded at apex in both sexes. Male terminalia: sternite 8 membranous (Fig. 60), except in the apical region, sinuous at apex; apophysis narrow and about 1 / 3 as long as sternite. Tergite 8 membranous (Fig. 59) except at apex. Median lobe (Figs 63–64) lightly curved; dorsal lobe as long as ventral, both acuminate at apex; basal apophyses as long as apical portion, rounded at apex; internal sac with one sclerotized piece distinctly curved and tapered at end. Tegmen (Fig. 61) shorter than median lobe; apical region narrow and divided into lobes, rounded at apex with erect, long and short setae; ring piece elongate and truncate at apex. Ventral arc (Fig. 62) fork-shaped, apophysis as long as arm; curved at apex. FIGURES. 65–67. Female terminalia, Anoreina helenae sp. nov., 65, tergite 8 + segment 9; 66, sternite 8; 67, spermathecal complex. Scale= 1 mm. Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 66) rectangular with one pair of tuft of short setae near apical margin; sternal apophysis about 4 times as long as apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 65) with tergal apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 (Fig. 65) membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber about 1 / 3 as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 67) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 67): two triangular vaginal plates between common oviduct and bursa copulatrix, which is rounded at end. Spermathecal duct short and spermatheca curve and elongate at base, and rounded at the end. Spermathecal gland short about 1 / 3 as long as spermatheca. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 4.8–6.1 / 5.9 –6.0; prothorax length, 0.9–1.2 /1.0; prothorax width, 1.5–1.9 / 1.7–1.9; elytral length, 3.4–4.5 / 4.3; humeral width, 2.0– 2.5 / 2.4. Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to the first author’s mother, Maria Helena Machado, in recognition and acknowledgment for all her support and encouragement. Comments. Anoreina helenae (Fig. 96) differs from all other species of the genus in having the lower eye lobe about twice as wide as the upper lobe, having the frons with two setae near the inner margin of the lower eye lobe, having the anterior margin of the pronotum without a row of coarse punctures, having the elytra with a median band of whitish pubescence reaching the suture, contrasting little with the pubescence, bordered by yellowish pubescence, and having the apical 1 / 4 with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence. Concerning the studies of male terminalia, Anoreina helenae has the median lobe only weakly curved, the dorsal lobe as long as ventral and both acuminate at apex, and the internal sac with one sclerotized piece distinctly curved and tapering toward apex. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rondônia) (Fig. 111). Type material. Holotype male, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Vera 12 º 46 ’S, 55 º 36 ’W, X. 1973, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Paratypes: Vera 12 º 46 ’S, 55 º 36 ’W, 4 males, X. 1973, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); SINOP, 12 º 31 ’S, 55 º 37 ’W (BR 163) Km 500 a 600, male and female, X. 1974, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); SINOP, 12 º 31 ’S, 55 º 37 ’W (BR 163) Km 500 a 600, male, X. 1975, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Rondônia: Vilhena, female, X. 1990, O. Roppa & J. Becker leg. (MNRJ). FIGURES. 68–75. Male terminalia, Oreodera glauca glauca, 68, tergite 8; 69, sternite 8; 70, tegmen; 71, ventral arc; 72–73, median lobe dorsal, lateral. Female terminalia, 74, sternite 8; 75, spermathecal complex. Scale= 1 mm.

Zikanita Lane, 1943 Zikanita Lane, 1943: 261; Marinoni & Martins, 1978: 184 (syn.); Monn��, 2005: 223 (catalogue); Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 229 (checklist). Type-species: Zikanita perpulchra Lane, 1943 (monotypy and original designation). Acanthoderes (Trichacanthoderes) Tippmann, 1960: 176. Type-species: Acanthoderes (Trichacanthoderes) argenteofasciata Tippmann, 1960 (original designation). Redescription. Eyes coarsely faceted. Labrum covered by short brown pilosity and long brown decumbent hairs. Lower ocular lobes ovate. Antennal tubercles feebly prominent; directed posteriorly. Antennae filiform, unarmed, sexually dimorphic, long, exceeding elytral apices at antennomere VII in males and VIII in females, with short erect brown setae throughout. Prothorax distinctly transverse; sides of prothorax with median acute tubercles directed slightly dorsally. Pronotum with two median rhomboid tubercles on disk; pronotum elevated between the tubercles; a row of coarse punctures on posterior and anterior margins; punctures between the tubercles. Intercoxal process of prosternum about one-third as wide as procoxa, narrow, elevated on lateral margins. Procoxal cavities closed behind. Mesocoxal cavities open; mesepisternum triangular with base rounded; metepisternum narrow. Metasternum planar; with long erect hairs. Scutellum truncated at apex and apical margins slightly elevated. Elytra slightly convex, 1.6 x as long as prothorax, gradually narrowing toward apices; with cristae at base; coarse punctures only on basal one-third. Black, semidecumbent setae more concentrated in central region, and white, erect setae in lateral region. Humeri rounded and slightly projected anteriorly. Metalegs slightly longer than prolegs; pro- and mesocoxae rounded, the former much more prominent; tibiae and femora subequal in length with long white erect hairs. Femora pedunculate-clavate. Tibiae linear; metatibial spurs narrow, with inner spur about twice as long as outer spur; tibiae and femora subequal in length. Urosternites I���IV gradually narrowing to apex; V urosternite twice as wide as preceding urosternite; females with narrow longitudinal glabrous and smooth band on basal one-third; in males, entirely clothed by pilosity. Remarks. Lane (1943) considered Zikanita (Figs. 2, 3, 4) similar to Cosmotomidius (Machado & Monn��, 2009 Figs. 2, 5) the former differing by the scape and antennomere IV subequal in length and the mesosternal process tuberculate. Zikanita is similar to Cosmotomidius by the presence of dense long hairs over the body, the pronotum with median tubercles, sides of prothorax with tubercles and the elytra with black suberect setae. Zikanita differs from Cosmotomidius in total length, which reaches almost 20 mm, the elytra are 1.6 x wider than the prothorax at the base and the antennae are long exceeding the elytral apices at antennomere VII in males and VIII in females. In Cosmotomidius (Machado & Monn��, 2009 Figs. 2, 5) the total length does not exceed 14 mm, the elytra are 1.4 x wider than the prothorax at the base and the antennae exceed the elytral apices at antennomere VIII or IX in males and IX or X in females., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Synopsis of Zikanita Lane (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2795 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277014, {"references":["Lane, F. (1943) Um novo genero e especie de Acanthocininae (Col., Lamiidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 3 (19), 261 - 264.","Marinoni, R. C. & Martins, U. R. (1978) Notas sinonimicas e novas especies em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 31 (11), 173 - 193.","Monne, M. A. (2005) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Zootaxa, 1023, 1 - 759.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez (CA), 455 pp.","Tippmann, F. F. (1960) Studien uber neotropische Longicornier III (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 37 - 38, 82 - 217.","Machado, V. S. & Monne, M. L. (2009) Revision of the genus Cosmotomidius Melzer (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53 (3), 331 - 333."]}

Key to species of Anoreina 1. Elytra with two short, zigzag, blue-grey bands, one before and the other after the middle region; each side at middle with a tawny spot, encircled by a whitish ring. Brazil (Amazonas), Peru. (Figs 92–93).......... Anoreina biannulata (Bates, 1866) - Elytral pubescence otherwise colored...................................................................... 2 2 (1). Body with white modified setae, contrasting with the pubescence that covers the integument (Fig. 89); basal third of elytra with spots of yellowish pubescence; triangular median band of whitish pubescence, reaching the suture, bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence. (pronotum anterior margin straight, with sparse punctures or without punctures; elytral apex rounded). Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso, Rondônia), Colombia (Figs 98–101).................................................. Anoreina triangularis (Martins & Galileo, 2005) - Body without white modified setae, contrasting with the pubescence that covers the integument; elytra with another pattern. 3 3 (2). Elytral basal third with a longitudinal band of black integument next to humeri..................................... 4 - Elytral basal third without a longitudinal band of black integument next to humeri.................................. 5 4 (3). Elytral pubescent band clearly visible; integument reddish brown; elytra with band of whitish pubescence, little contrasting with the pubescence, beginning in the posthumeral region and extending to the median region, reaching the suture; postmedian region of elytra with irregular spots of reddish brown intercalated with yellowish pubescence. Ecuador (Figs 90–91).............................................................................. Anoreina ayri Martins & Galileo, 2008 - Elytral pubescent band not clearly visible, interspersed with the pubescence; integument dark brown; elytra with a band of whitish pubescence, contrastive with the pubescence, and, in this, a spot of yellowish pubescence next to epipleura; postmedian elytral region with thin irregular bands of whitish and yellowish pubescence. Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia, Amapá), Peru, French Guiana (Fig. 95)..................................................... Anoreina nana (Bates, 1861) 5 (3). Pronotum anterior margin without a row of coarse punctures; total length not exceeding 6 mm (elytra with a median band of whitish pubescence, reaching the suture, little contrasting with the pubescence, bordered by yellowish pubescence; apical 1 / 4 with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence). Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rondônia) (Fig. 96)................................................................................................ Anoreina helenae, new species - Pronotum anterior margin with a row of coarse punctures, continued or interrupted, on median region; total length exceeding 6 mm................................................................................................. 6 6 (5). Elytral apex obliquely truncate; pronotum anterior margin distinctly sinuous; a narrow, longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the median region to the apex; elytra with a large, median, irregular band of yellowish pubescence bordered by whitish and dark brown pubescence. Brazil (Mato Grosso) (Fig. 97).................... Anoreina roosevelti, new species - Elytral apex rounded; pronotum anterior margin slightly sinuous; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the basal third to the apex; elytra with a median triangular band of whitish pubescence, not reaching the suture, and postmedian with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence. Brazil (Pará, Rondônia), Ecuador (Fig. 94)....................................................................................... Anoreina piara Martins & Galileo, 2008

Anoreina helenae new species (Figs 59 ���67; 96; 111) Male. Integument dark brown. Head with yellowish pubescence. Frons with two setae near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Lower eye lobe about twice as wide as upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palps slightly longer than preceding and basal about 1 / 3 as long as following. Apical segment of about 1 / 3 longer than preceding. Maxillary palps decreasing in length towards apex. Antennae (Figs 10, 96) with sexual dimorphism, long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 7 in males and 8 in females. Scape and pedicel with yellowish pubescence; antennomeres 3���11 covered with brown pubescence, except antennomeres 4���6 with whitish pubescence on half or basal third. Prothorax about twice as wide as long. Pronotum covered with yellowish pubescence, more concentrated in the median region and sides of prothorax, and sparse whitish pubescence. Pronotum anterior margin straight, without row of coarse punctures; one pair of coarse median punctures near posterior margin. Mesepisternum covered with whitish pubescence. Mesosternum and metepisternum covered with yellowish pubescence. Metasternum with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 4.3 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with reddish or dark brown pubescence, except: postscutellum region with yellowish pubescence and basal third with spots of whitish pubescence; median band of whitish pubescence, which reaches the suture, little contrastive with the pubescence, bordered by yellowish pubescence; apical 1 / 4 with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence. Narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the median region to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence; tibiae apical half with dark brown pubescence and short black erect setae. Urosternite 5 rounded at apex in both sexes. Male terminalia: sternite 8 membranous (Fig. 60), except in the apical region, sinuous at apex; apophysis narrow and about 1 / 3 as long as sternite. Tergite 8 membranous (Fig. 59) except at apex. Median lobe (Figs 63���64) lightly curved; dorsal lobe as long as ventral, both acuminate at apex; basal apophyses as long as apical portion, rounded at apex; internal sac with one sclerotized piece distinctly curved and tapered at end. Tegmen (Fig. 61) shorter than median lobe; apical region narrow and divided into lobes, rounded at apex with erect, long and short setae; ring piece elongate and truncate at apex. Ventral arc (Fig. 62) fork-shaped, apophysis as long as arm; curved at apex. FIGURES. 65���67. Female terminalia, Anoreina helenae sp. nov., 65, tergite 8 + segment 9; 66, sternite 8; 67, spermathecal complex. Scale= 1 mm. Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 66) rectangular with one pair of tuft of short setae near apical margin; sternal apophysis about 4 times as long as apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 65) with tergal apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 (Fig. 65) membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber about 1 / 3 as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 67) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 67): two triangular vaginal plates between common oviduct and bursa copulatrix, which is rounded at end. Spermathecal duct short and spermatheca curve and elongate at base, and rounded at the end. Spermathecal gland short about 1 / 3 as long as spermatheca. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 4.8���6.1 / 5.9 ���6.0; prothorax length, 0.9���1.2 /1.0; prothorax width, 1.5���1.9 / 1.7���1.9; elytral length, 3.4���4.5 / 4.3; humeral width, 2.0��� 2.5 / 2.4. Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to the first author���s mother, Maria Helena Machado, in recognition and acknowledgment for all her support and encouragement. Comments. Anoreina helenae (Fig. 96) differs from all other species of the genus in having the lower eye lobe about twice as wide as the upper lobe, having the frons with two setae near the inner margin of the lower eye lobe, having the anterior margin of the pronotum without a row of coarse punctures, having the elytra with a median band of whitish pubescence reaching the suture, contrasting little with the pubescence, bordered by yellowish pubescence, and having the apical 1 / 4 with irregular spots of whitish and yellowish pubescence. Concerning the studies of male terminalia, Anoreina helenae has the median lobe only weakly curved, the dorsal lobe as long as ventral and both acuminate at apex, and the internal sac with one sclerotized piece distinctly curved and tapering toward apex. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rond��nia) (Fig. 111). Type material. Holotype male, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Vera 12 �� 46 ���S, 55 �� 36 ���W, X. 1973, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Paratypes: Vera 12 �� 46 ���S, 55 �� 36 ���W, 4 males, X. 1973, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); SINOP, 12 �� 31 ���S, 55 �� 37 ���W (BR 163) Km 500 a 600, male and female, X. 1974, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); SINOP, 12 �� 31 ���S, 55 �� 37 ���W (BR 163) Km 500 a 600, male, X. 1975, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Rond��nia: Vilhena, female, X. 1990, O. Roppa & J. Becker leg. (MNRJ). FIGURES. 68���75. Male terminalia, Oreodera glauca glauca, 68, tergite 8; 69, sternite 8; 70, tegmen; 71, ventral arc; 72���73, median lobe dorsal, lateral. Female terminalia, 74, sternite 8; 75, spermathecal complex. Scale= 1 mm., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490

Anoreina ayri Martins & Galileo, 2008 (Figs 95; 111) Anoreina ayri Martins & Galileo, 2008: 73, fig. 2; Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Male. Integument reddish brown. Head covered with yellowish pubescence. Frons with one seta near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Lower eye lobe about twice as wide as the upper lobe. Antennae long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 6 in males. Scape and pedicel covered with yellowish pubescence. Antennae covered with brown pubescence, except, antennomeres 4���6 with whitish pubescence on basal half. Prothorax twice as wide as long and covered with yellowish pubescence. Pronotum anterior margin slightly sinuous, with continuous row of coarse punctures; two or three pairs of punctures near posterior margin. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 4.2 to 4.3 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded or obliquely truncate; covered with reddish brown pubescence, except: basal third with longitudinal black integument band, near humeri, clearly visible; band of whitish pubescence, little contrastive with the elytral pubescence, beginning in the posthumeral region and extending to the median region, reaching the suture; postmedian with irregular spots of reddish brown intercalated with yellowish pubescence; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the apical third to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence; tibiae apical half with dark brown pubescence and black, short setae. Measurements, in mm, male. Total length, 4.4���5.4; prothorax length, 0.8 ���1.0; prothorax width, 1.3���1.7; elytral length, 3.1���3.9; humeral width, 1.7 ���2.0. Type material. We examined the holotype (Fig. 95) and the paratype, both males, from Sucumbios, Ecuador (MZSP). Comments. Anoreina ayri (Fig. 95) resembles Anoreina helenae (Fig. 96) by the elytra having a transverse median whitish band, contrasting little with the elytral pubescence and A. nana (Fig. 90) by the elytra basal third with a longitudinal black integumental band near humeri. Anoreina ayri differs from both by the pronotum having a continuous row of coarse punctures at the anterior margin. In Anoreina helenae the anterior margin of the pronotum lacks a row of coarse punctures and in A. nana the anterior margin of the pronotum has an interrupted row of coarse punctures. Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 111). Specimens examined. ECUADOR: Sucumbios, Rio Napo-Rio Aguarico (76 ����� 77 ��W), 2 males (holotype and paratype), IX���X. 1977, L. Pe��a leg. (MZSP)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2008) Notas e novos taxons em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). III. Generos semelhantes a Anoreina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 48 (10), 69 - 73.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 460 pp."]}

Key to species of Zikanita 1. Intercoxal process of mesosternum tuberculate.............................................................. 2 - Intercoxal process of mesosternum planar.................................................................. 3 2 (1). Elytra slightly elevated at base, without cristae, lacking setae, apices sinuous and not spinose; integument dark brown. Brazil (Mato Grosso and Goi��s) (Fig. 1)......................................................... Z. plumbea sp. nov. - Elytra with a prominent basal cristae, with setae, apices sinuous and spinose; integument reddish brown. Brazil (Minas Gerais to S��o Paulo) (Fig. 2).............................................................. Z. perpulchra Lane, 1943 3 (1). Apical 1 / 4 of elytra with whitish pubescence and a rounded dark brown spot; basal cristae prominent, with sparse setae. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador (Fig. 3)....................................................... Z. biocellata (Tippmann, 1960) - Apical 1 / 4 of elytra with predominantly whitish pubescence; basal cristae shallow, with a tuft of setae. Brazil, Peru (Fig. 4)................................................................... Zikanita argenteofasciata (Tippmann, 1960), Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Synopsis of Zikanita Lane (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2795 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277014, {"references":["Lane, F. (1943) Um novo genero e especie de Acanthocininae (Col., Lamiidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 3 (19), 261 - 264.","Tippmann, F. F. (1960) Studien uber neotropische Longicornier III (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 37 - 38, 82 - 217."]}

Anoreina Bates, 1861 Oreodera (Anoreina) Bates, 1861: 149; Aurivillius, 1923: 378 (catalogue); Monn��, 1994: 33 (catalogue). Anoreina; Monn�� & Giesbert, 1994: 233 (checklist); Monn�� & Giesbert, 1995: 239 (checklist); Monn��, 2005: 168 (catalogue); Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Type species: Oreodera (Anoreina) nana Bates, 1861, by monotypy. Frons vertical (Fig. 3) with row of brown setae near outer margin of lower ocular lobe and row of brown erect setae near base. Eyes coarsely faceted. Upper eye lobes (Figs 1, 3) separated from each other by width of upper lobe or more. Lower eye lobes (Figs. 2, 4) oval. Labrum (Fig. 7) covered with short, brown pilosity and long dark brown, decumbent, sparse setae. Apical segments of labial and maxillary palps (Figs 8, 9) distinctly acuminate at apex. Mentum (Fig. 3) transverse, sclerotized and slightly depressed. Genae (Fig. 3) slightly projected with apical margin rounded. Antennal tubercles (Fig. 10) feebly prominent, obliquely directed posteriorly and widely separated. Antennae long; exceeding elytral apices in both sexes; with short, erect brown setae throughout. Scape (Fig. 10) �� to 2 / 3 length of antennomere 3; antennomere 3 as long as or longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 4���11 decreasing in length; antennomere 11 about half or 1 / 3 shorter than 3. Scape long, cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the base. Pedicel (Fig. 10) short, cylindrical. Scape, pedicel, and antennomeres 3���6 or 7 with long, black, erect setae on inner margin. Prothorax (Figs 11 ���14, 84��� 86) distinctly transverse; with discrete lateral prominence and some coarse punctures ornamented with long, brown setae concentrated on postmedian region. Pronotum (Fig. 11) planar, without tubercles; posterior margin straight; with row of coarse punctures reaching side of prothorax. Intercoxal process of prosternum (Fig. 13) wide, about half as broad as coxal cavity; planar, but elevated on lateral margin; posterior margin truncate; anterior coxal cavities closed behind. Intercoxal process of mesosternum (Figs 15���16) about 1 / 3 wider than coxal cavity with posterior margin truncate; intermediate coxal cavities open to epimera. Mesepisternum triangular, with rounded base and smooth surface. Metasternum (Figs 15���16) planar, about twice as long as mesosternum, with longitudinal median sulcus. Metepisternum (Figs 15���16) narrow with glabrous surface. Elytra slightly convex (Figs 20���21), subplanar, without granules, with slight central-basal elevation, subparallel on outer margins and about 3.5 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; as wide as or wider than prothorax on the base, gradually narrowing toward apices; moderately dense coarse punctures from base or apex of scutellum to apical third. Humeri rounded and slightly prominent. Fore legs (Figs 23���26) slightly longer than hind legs. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded; procoxae more prominent. Trochanter (Figs. 24, 32) with one long brown seta. Profemora (Fig. 24) clavate and more swollen than others. Mesofemora (Fig. 28) with short peduncle. Metafemora (Fig. 32) with elongate peduncle. Tibiae linear (Figs 23, 27, 31); spurs short, subequal in length. Tibiae and femora subequal in length. Mesotibiae (Fig. 27) with oblique sulcus. Tarsi short (Figs 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34) with long, erect setae. First segment of metatarsus about 1 / 3 longer than second; fifth almost as long as others combined. First urosternite (Figs 36, 43) 1 / 3 longer than next; urosternites 2���4 subequal in length; urosternite 5 little longer than 4. Fifth urosternite with long black erect setae near apical margin. Females (Figs 43, 87) with narrow longitudinal glabrous and smooth band on basal third of fifth urosternite; males (Figs 36, 87), with continuous pilosity. Comments. Bates (1861) defined the subgenus Oreodera (Anoreina) by the elytra being somewhat convex. Subsequently, only two works mentioned Anoreina characters: Julio & Monn�� (2005) when describing Trichoanoreina and Martins & Galileo (2008) when describing Pyrianoreina. Julio & Monn�� (2005) highlighted several characteristics which Trichoanoreina and Anoreina had in common: the prothorax with discrete lateral prominence; pronotum planar on the disc; elytra subplanar with a slight centralbasal elevation and subparallel at the outer margins; femora clavate, profemora without a peduncle, mesofemora with a straight, short peduncle and metafemora with a curved, elongate peduncle. The authors also emphasized several characteristics that differed from Trichoanoreina and Anoreina: long, erect setae covering most of the body surface; antennae in males exceeding elytral apices by four antennomeres; prothorax margins with deep and coarse punctuation; metasternum with an anterior ���U��� shaped depression in the center; elytral surface with dense, deep and coarse punctation. In Anoreina, only the inner side of the basal antennomeres have long erect setae; the antennae in males exceed the elytral apices by at least five antennomeres; the punctation of the prothorax margins is thin and sparse; the metasternum is planar; and the elytral disc punctation is thin and sparse (if coarse and deep, restricted to the basal half). Martins & Galileo (2008) mentioned in their key to genera that Anoreina presented femora and tibiae without long setae, only with decumbent pubescence which differentiated it from Trichoanoreina and Pyrianoreina which both have long setae. Trichoanoreina is characterized by having a ���U��� shaped depression on the anterior intercoxal process of metasternum which is absent in Pyrianoreina. Of the various features outlined by Julio & Monn�� (2005) for Anoreina, only the ones related to antennal length and the prothorax margin punctation are not characteristic of the genus. Anoreina can be differentiated from Oreodera (Figs. 102, 106��� 110), Trichoanoreina (Figs 104���105) and Pyrianoreina (Fig. 103) by the following characteristics: antennae in males exceeding elytral apices at antennomeres 6 or 7 and in females, at antennomere 8; prothorax with discrete lateral prominence; pronotum planar, without tubercles; metasternum planar; elytra slightly convex, without granules and elytral disc punctation thin and sparse and, if coarse and deep, restricted to the basal half; femora and tibiae without long setae; profemora without peduncle. When Martins & Galileo (2005; 2008) described those species, they indicated that the elytral pubescence was a main characteristic to differentiate among them. In fact, it is possible to observe certain uniformity in the external morphology of the species being easily identifiable through the elytral pubescence. With detailed morphological study, it was possible to obtain other characteristics that assist in the differentiation among the species, such as: the integument coloration, the length of the lower eye lobe, the aspect and punctation of the anterior margin of the pronotum, the elytral apex, and the male terminalia. In Anoreina, we examined male and/or female terminalia of the following species: A. nana (male and female), A. piara (female), A. triangularis (male and female) and A. helenae (male and female), and considered the data insufficient to be included in the redescription of the genus. We observed a uniformity in female terminalia that also occurs in Oreodera glauca glauca (Figs 74���75) and O. simplex (Figs 82, 83), for example: sternite 8 (Figs 45, 48, 51, 66) rectangular, with an elongate apophysis, segment 8 (Figs 44, 47, 50, 65) has apodemes like two large plates, the ovipositor (Figs 46, 49, 52, 67) is long and the distal section has narrow and elongate coxites and cylindrical styli apically inserted, the spermathecal complex presents two sclerotized plates between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, the spermathecal duct is short. A single characteristic, found only in Anoreina species, is the bursa copulatrix (Figs 46, 49, 52, 67) rounded at the end and in Oreodera species, cylindrical (Figs 75, 83). The male terminalia, otherwise, differs greatly between species and can be used to separate them. In Anoreina species, the tegmen (Figs 39, 55, 61) has the ring piece elongate, the lateral arms fused apically and divided into lobes, and the apex truncate. The similarities with O. glauca glauca (Figs 70���73) and O. simplex (Figs 78, 81) are: the ventral arc fork-shaped with curved apex and the median lobe curved. Analyzing the SEM micrographs of urosternite 5 of A. nana (Fig. 87), we note that the sexual dimorphism is just a longitudinal, narrow, smooth and glabrous band on the basal third, which is present in females and absent in males. However, in A. piara, there is a well-demarcated sulcus (Fig. 88). Until now, the same area for all species, was treated by us and previous authors (Julio & Monn��, 2005; Machado & Monn��, 2009) as a sulcus., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Bates, H. W. (1861) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 8, 147 - 152.","Aurivillius C. (1923) Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 74, Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. W. Junk, Berlin, 323 - 704.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 410 pp.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1995) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 420 pp.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 460 pp.","Julio, C. E. A & Monne, M. A. (2005) Revisao do genero Sympleurotis Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 49 (3), 392 - 396.","Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2008) Notas e novos taxons em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). III. Generos semelhantes a Anoreina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 48 (10), 69 - 73.","Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2005) Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) da Colombia. VII. Novos taxons, novos registros, nova sinonimia, nova combinacao e novo nome. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22 (1), 5 - 18.","Machado, V. S. & Monne, M. L. (2009) Synopsis of the genus Meridiotroctes Martins & Galileo (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Zootaxa, 2261, 66 - 68."]}

Anoreina roosevelti new species (Figs 97, 111) Male. Integument reddish brown. Ventral region of the body with yellowish pubescence. Head with yellowish and whitish pubescence. Frons lacks erect seta near inner margin of lower ocular lobe. Lower eye lobe about twice as wide as the upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palp as long as preceding and basal about 1 / 3 as long as apical. Apical segment of maxillary palps twice as long as preceding. Antennae (Figs 10, 97) with sexual dimorphism, long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 7 in males and 8 in females. Scape with yellowish pubescence in dorsal region and whitish in ventral, pedicel with whitish pubescence on basal half and yellowish pubescence on apical half. Antennae with whitish pubescence, except: on apical third or half with brown pubescence and antennomeres 7 and 9 entirely brown. Prothorax almost twice as wide as long; covered with yellowish pubescence and pronotum with some spots of whitish pubescence. Pronotum anterior margin distinctly sinuous, with interrupted row of coarse punctures; two pairs of coarse punctures near posterior margin. Metasternum with longitudinal median sulcus reaching anterior margin. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 4.0 to 4.5 times as long as prothorax; apices obliquely truncate; pubescence mostly yellowish brown, except: basal 1 / 4 with narrow and irregular band of dark brown pubescence; large median irregular band of yellowish pubescence bordered by whitish and dark brown pubescence; irregular spots of whitish pubescence on apical third. Narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the median region to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence; tibiae apical half with dark brown pubescence and short black erect setae. Urosternite 5 rounded at apex in females, and truncate in males. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 7.3 / 8.4; prothorax length, 1.3 / 1.4; prothorax width, 2.3 / 2.6; elytral length, 5.3 / 6.3; humeral width, 3.3 / 3.6. Etymology. The specific epithet is a posthumous homage to the first author’s father, Roosevelt Machado, in recognition for his great human quality and love. Comments. Anoreina roosevelti (Fig. 97) differs from all other species of the genus in having the frons without erect setae near the inner margin of the lower eye lobe, having the lower eye lobe about twice as wide as the upper lobe, having the anterior margin of the prothorax distinctly sinuous, having the elytra with a large, median, irregular band of yellowish pubescence bordered by whitish and dark brown pubescence, and having the elytral apices obliquely truncate. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso) (Fig. 111). Type material. Holotype male, BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, Diamantino BR 163 (Km 200), X. 1979, O. Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Paratype female, Parque Nacional Xingu Jacaré, XI. 1961, Alvarenga & Werner leg. (MNRJ).

Anoreina biannulata (Bates, 1866) (Figs 92, 93, 111) Oreodera (Anoreina) biannulata Bates, 1866: 433; Aurivillius, 1923: 378 (catalogue); Gilmour, 1965: 606 (catalogue); Monn��, 1994: 33 (catalogue). Oreodera biannulata; Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3140 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 608 (catalogue). Anoreina biannulata; Monn�� & Giesbert, 1994: 233 (checklist); Monn�� & Giesbert, 1995: 239 (checklist); Monn��, 2005: 168 (catalogue); Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Female. Integument reddish brown to dark brown. Head covered with yellowish pubescence. Frons with single seta near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Lower eye lobe about 1.6 times as wide as upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palps as long as preceding and the basal about half as long as following. Apical segment of maxillary palps about 1 / 3 longer than preceding. Antennae exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 6 in females. Scape and pedicel covered with whitish pubescence; antennomere 3 covered with dark brown pubescence, except at apex, whitish; antennomeres 4���6 covered with whitish pubescence in half or basal third, the others antennomeres dark brown. Prothorax twice as wide as long. Pronotum covered with yellowish pubescence, more concentrated on disc; anterior margin straight with sparse punctures; some punctures near posterior margin. Mesosternum and mesepimeron with smooth surface covered with whitish pubescence. Metepisternum with yellowish pubescence. Metasternum with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin, with yellowish pubescence, more concentrated on the sides. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 3.5 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with a mixture of dark brown and tawny brown pubescence with two short, zigzag, blue-grey bands, one before, the other after the median region; each side in the median region with a tawny spot encircled by a whitish ring; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the apical third to the apex. Legs with whitish pubescence; tibiae with long, black setae intercalated with dark brown pubescence. Urosternite 5 truncate at apex. Type material. We examined the female holotype (Figs 92���93) from S��o Paulo de Oliven��a, Amazonas, Brazil (MNHN). Comments. This species can be distinguished from the others by the elytral pubescence (Fig. 92), with two short, zigzag, blue-grey bands, one before, and one after the median region; each side in the median region with a tawny spot encircled by a whitish ring. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) and Peru (Fig. 111). Specimen examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas: S��o Paulo de Oliven��a, female holotype (Figs 92���93), 1952, H. W. Bates leg. (MNHN)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Bates, H. W. (1866) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera: Longicornes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 17, 425 - 435.","Aurivillius C. (1923) Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 74, Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. W. Junk, Berlin, 323 - 704.","Gilmour, E. F. (1965) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde (Col., Cerambycidae). 8 Lief. Museum G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, 559 - 655.","Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. (1873) Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Gummi, Monachii, 10, 2989 - 3232.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1946) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 551 - 763.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 410 pp.","Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1995) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 420 pp.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 460 pp."]}

Anoreina piara Martins & Galileo, 2008 (Figs 47���49; 88; 94; 111) Anoreina piara Martins & Galileo, 2008: 72, fig. 3; Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Male. Integument reddish brown. Ventral region covered with yellowish pubescence. Head with yellowish pubescence. Frons with one erect seta near inner margin of lower eye lobe. Lower eye lobe about three times wider than upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palp slightly longer than preceding and basal about 1 / 3 as long as following. Apical segment of maxillary palps about 1 / 3 longer than preceding. Antennae, long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 7 in females. Scape with yellowish pubescence; pedicel with yellowish pubescence on apical half and whitish on basal half. Antennae covered with brown pubescence, except antennomeres 4���6 with whitish pubescence on basal half. Prothorax almost twice as wide as long; covered with yellowish pubescence concentrated on median and sides of prothorax. Pronotum anterior margin slightly sinuous, with interrupted row of coarse punctures; two or three pairs of coarse punctures near posterior margin. Metasternum with longitudinal median sulcus reaching anterior margin. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 4.0 to 4.5 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with reddish or dark brown pubescence, except: basal third with a median region covered with yellowish pubescence; median triangular band of whitish pubescence not reaching suture and postmedian region with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence. Narrow longitudinal ridge follows elytral suture from the basal third to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence; tibiae apical half with dark brown pubescence and short, black, erect setae. Urosternite 5 rounded at apex in females, and truncate in males. Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 48) rectangular, with one pair of tufted, long setae, fused near apical margin, and triangular; sternal apophysis about 3.6 times as long as the apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 47) with tergal apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 (Fig. 47) membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber about 1 / 3 as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 49) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with a little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 49): two triangular vaginal plates between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, and this rounded at the end; spermathecal duct short and spermatheca straight and elongate; spermathecal gland short, about 1 / 3 as long as spermatheca. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 8.7 / 6.6���8.2; prothorax length, 1.5 / 1.1���1.5; prothorax width, 2.6 / 2.2���2.5; elytral length, 6.6 / 4.6���5.8; humeral width, 3.4 / 2.6���3.3. Type material. We examined the male holotype (Fig. 94), from Par��, Brazil (MNRJ). Comments. Besides the features mentioned in the key, Anoreina piara (Fig. 94) differs from all other species of the genus in having the lower eye lobe about three times wider than the upper lobe, in having the basal third of the elytra with a median region covered with yellowish pubescence; in having a median triangular band of whitish pubescence not reaching the suture on the elytra, and in urosternite 5 of females with a sulcus (Fig. 88) on basal third and not only a longitudinal, smooth and glabrous band. Concerning the studies of female terminalia (Figs 44 ��� 46, 47���52, 65��� 67), Anoreina piara differs in sternite 8 (Fig. 48) with one pair of tufted, long setae, fused near apical margin and this triangular, and also in spermatheca (Fig. 49) straight and elongate. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Par��). It is reported herein from Brazil (Rond��nia) and Ecuador (Fig. 111). Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Par��: Rodovia Transamaz��nica (Km 97), holotype male, 4.VIII. 1980, Bicelli leg. (MNRJ); Rond��nia: Ouro preto do Oeste, female, X. 1986, O. Roppa, P. Magno & J. Becker leg. (MNRJ). ECUADOR, Lago Agrio, female, X. 1977, J. Escobar leg. (MNRJ)., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207490, {"references":["Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2008) Notas e novos taxons em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). III. Generos semelhantes a Anoreina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 48 (10), 69 - 73.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. G. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. BioQuip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 460 pp."]}

Anoreina triangularis (Martins & Galileo, 2005) (Figs 50–52; 53–58; 89; 98–100; 111) Xenofrea triangularis Martins & Galileo, 2005: 12, fig. 7; Monné, 2005: 662 (catalogue). Anoreina triangularis; Néouze & Tavakilian, 2005: 132; Monné & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist). Male. Integument dark brown to black. Head with yellowish pubescence. Frons with two setae near inner margin of the lower eye lobe. Dorsal region of the head covered with white modified setae (Fig. 98). Lower eye lobe about 1.5 times wider than the upper lobe. Apical segment of labial palpi as long as preceding and the basal about half as long as following. Apical segment of maxillary palps about 1 / 3 longer than preceding. Antennae with sexual dimorphism; long, exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 6 in males and 7 in females. Scape and pedicel covered with yellowish pubescence and white modified setae. Antennae, except 6–11, covered with dark brown pubescence and white modified setae. Prothorax about twice as wide as long. Pronotum covered with dark brown pubescence with irregular yellowish spots and white modified setae; anterior margin straight with sparse punctures or without punctures; some punctures near posterior margin. Mesosternum and mesepimeron with smooth surface covered with dark brown pubescence and white modified setae. Mesepisternum covered with orangish pubescence and white modified setae. Metasternum with a longitudinal median sulcus, not reaching the anterior margin, with orangish pubescence at sides, and white modified setae. Metepisternum covered with dark brown pubescence and two regions (one median the other posterior) with spots of yellowish pubescence and white modified setae. Scutellum with yellowish pubescence. Elytra about 3.5 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; apices rounded; covered with dark brown or reddish pubescence and white modified setae, except: basal third with spots of yellowish pubescence; median triangular band, reaching the suture, of whitish pubescence bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence; a narrow longitudinal ridge follows the elytral suture from the apical third to the apex. Legs with yellowish pubescence and white modified setae; tibiae with long black setae intercalated with dark brown pubescence. Urosternite 5 truncate and rounded at apex in both sexes; laterally covered with white modified setae. Male terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 54) membranous, except in the apical region, sinuous at apex; apophysis narrow and about half as long as the apical region of the sternite. Tergite 8 (Fig. 53) membranous, except in the apical region, slightly sinuous at apex. Median lobe (Figs 57–58) curved; dorsal lobe shorter than ventral, both acuminate at apex; basal apophyses shorter than apical, both truncate at apex; internal sac with three sclerotized pieces, two parallel "half moon-like", the other arched. Tegmen (Fig. 55) and median lobe subequal in length; apical region narrow and divided into lobes, apices rounded with erect, long and short setae; ring piece elongate, and truncate at apex. Ventral arc (Fig. 56) fork-shaped, apophysis about 1 / 3 longer than the arm; curved at apex. Female terminalia: sternite 8 (Fig. 51) rectangular with one pair of tufts of short setae near apical margin; sternal apophysis about 4.0 times as long as the apical region of the sternite. Segment 8 (Fig. 50) with tergal apodemes like two large plates; segment 9 membranous and shaped like an elongate sac, constituting the genital-anal chamber about half as long as sternal apophysis. Ovipositor (Fig. 52) long; distal region with narrow and elongate coxites; apical region with a little cylindrical stylus. Spermathecal complex (Fig. 52): two vaginal plates, foliaceus between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, rounded at the end; spermathecal duct short and spermatheca curved and widened at the base, narrowing towards the end, a little more enlarged; spermathecal gland short, about 1 / 3 as long as spermatheca. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 5.3–7.8 / 5.8 –8.0; prothorax length, 1.0– 1.4 /1.0– 1.4; prothorax width, 1.7–2.6 / 1.8–2.6; elytral length, 3.8–5.6 / 4.2–5.7; humeral width, 2.4–3.5 / 2.6–3.8. Type material. We examined the female holotype (Figs 98–101), from Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu (Mocagua, 3 ° 23 ’S, 70 °06’W, 150 m), Colombia (IAHC). Comments. Martins & Galileo (2005) described Xenofrea triangularis and considered it similar to X. albofasciata Galileo & Martins, 2001, described from Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina), by the large band of whitish pubescence in the middle of the elytra. The two species differed by several characteristics: in X. triangularis the upper eye lobes are separated from each other by the width of a lobe and the pronotum is smooth with spots of orangish pubescence; in X. albofasciata the upper eye lobes are separated from each other by two times the width of a lobe and the pronotum is densely punctate, without spots of pubescence at sides. Néouze & Tavakilian (2005) delimited the tribe Xenofreini, providing several characteristics: scape subcylindrical, antennomeres 3–4 with a sensory apical latero-external pit, metasternum depressed in males, and protibiae with three apical spurs, the median being moveable. Since Xenofrea triangularis did not have those characteristics, it was transferred to the Acanthoderini and included in the genus Anoreina. The presence in Anoreina triangularis of white, modified setae (Figs. 89, 98– 101) on the body and the elytra on basal third with spots of yellowish pubescence, a median triangular band, reaching the suture, of whitish pubescence bordered by yellowish pubescence and apical third with irregular spots of yellowish and whitish pubescence, allows easy recognition of this species, distinguishing it from the others. Martins & Galileo (2005) described the holotype as a male but Néouze & Tavakilian (2005) called it a female. In Anoreina, the urosternite 5 presents sexual dimorphism: females have a narrow longitudinal median, smooth and glabrous band on basal third, and in males the pilosity is continuous. Analyzing the photo of the urosternite 5 of the holotype (Fig. 100), we noted the presence of a narrow longitudinal median, smooth and glabrous band; thus, we can affirm, it is a female, as stated by Néouze & Tavakilian (2005). Martins & Galileo (2005), when they described the species, referred to the sparse structures present on the dorsal surface of the body as scales. Torre-Bueno (1937) and Gordh & Headrick (2001) defined a scale as a flattened cuticular projection present in the integument of many insects. After SEM analysis (Fig. 89), we can denote that it is a dilated seta in almost its entire length, except at the apex. Therefore, we consider it more accurate to refer to these structures as modified setae rather than scales. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso) and Colombia. It is reported herein from Brazil (Pará, Amazonas) (Fig. 111). Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Pará, Jacareacanga, 2 males and 2 females; male and female, XII. 1968, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ); 2 males, V. 1969, F. R. Barbosa leg. (MNRJ); female, VI. 1970, F. R. Barbosa leg. (MNRJ); Amazonas: Estirão do Equador, R. Javari, male and female, VIII–IX. 1958, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Mato Grosso: Juína, female, V. 1986, O. Roppa & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, female, X. 1983, Becker, O. Roppa & B. Silva leg. (MNRJ); Ariquemes, 62 Km SW, Fazenda Rancho Grande, male, 4– 16.XI. 1997, J. E. Eger leg. light trap (MZSP).

Nyssodrysternum Gilmour, 1960 Nyssodrysternum Gilmour, 1960: 59. Pseudoleiopus Breuning, 1970: 487 new synonymy. Type-species: Pseudoleiopus borneanus Breuning, 1970 original designation and monotypy. There are no characters to maintain Pseudoleiopus as a different genus of Nyssodrysternum., Published as part of Monn��, Miguel A. & Machado, Vanessa S., 2009, Nomenclatural notes in Neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), pp. 67-68 in Zootaxa 2204 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275133, {"references":["Gilmour, E. F. (1960) Some new genera and species of neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 3 (3), 43 - 65.","Breuning, S. (1970) Nouveaux Coleopteres Cerambycidae Lamiinae des collections du Museum de Paris (suite). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (2) 42, 460 - 488."]}

Meridiotroctes bicristata sp. nov. Fig. 1 Male. Integument brownish red. Ventral region covered with whitish pubescence, except mesepisternum and metepisternum with yellowish pubescence. Head mostly covered by orange-brownish pubescence and with coarse punctures between antennal tubercles. Frons with whitish pubescence and a row of brownish hairs. Antennae exceeding elytral apices by one antennomere; scape about 1.3 times shorter than antennomere 3; antennomeres 4-11 subequal and decreasing in length; antennomere 11 about 3.0 times shorter than 3. Scape covered by bands of brownish-orange pubescence intercalated with whitish pubescence; pedicel short, cylindrical, and covered by orange-brownish pubescence, except for a ring of whitish pubescence at apex; antennomeres 3-11 covered by whitish pubescence and dark-brown pubescence on apical third, except antennomeres 3-4 with a median band of dark-brown pubescence. Scape, pedicel, and antennomeres 3-7 with erect hairs on inner margin. Prothorax about 1.5 times broader than long; with orange-brownish and whitish pubescence, the latter concentrated on the disk of the pronotum and on the lateral tubercles. Pronotum with sparse, coarse punctures near median and lateral tubercles. Intercoxal process of prosternum and mesosternum at most 1 / 3 as broad as coxal cavity. Apical margin of scutellum truncated, covered by dark-brown pubescence with a whitish median band. Elytra with pubescence predominantly orange-brownish and whitish, with three bands of dark-brown pubescence, one narrow and oblique on basal third, and two transverse bands, one large and post-median and the other covering the apices. Elytral surface, except basal margin, with dense and coarse punctation; each puncture with one white seta. Elytra about 3 or 4 times as long as prothorax; two median cristae near base, the inner well developed and the outer less elevated, both almost reaching the median region; apices rounded. Femora with whitish pubescence, except yellowish on apical third. Tibiae linear, with three bands of whitish pubescence intercalated with two bands of brown pubescence; protibial spurs short and subequal. First and second tarsi with whitish pubescence; third with brownish pubescence; fifth with brownish and whitish pubescence. Protarsi with dense, lateral, black setae. First urosternite 1 / 3 longer than the next urosternite; urosternites 2-4 subequal in length; urosternite 5 little longer than the fourth. Female. Antennae reaching the elytral apices; protarsi without lateral black setae. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 8.7–10.3 / 9.7 –11.0; prothorax length, 1.6–2.1 /2.0– 2.1; prothorax width, 2.6–3.4 / 3.4–3.7; elytral length, 5.6–7.5 / 6.9–7.9; humeral width, 3.3–4.1 /4.0– 4.5. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the two cristae on the elytra of this species. Type material. Male holotype, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, 15.XI. 1972 (C. Beduin leg.) (MNRJ). Paratypes, Bahia: Maragojipe, female, X. 1969 (B. Silva leg.) (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado: male, 30.XI. 1972 (Alvarenga & Seabra leg.) (MNRJ); female, 1.X. 1977 (Seabra leg.) (MNRJ); Tijuca, male, 1.XI. 1962 (P. Bührnheim leg.) (MNRJ). Remarks. Meridiotroctes bicristata sp. nov. (Fig. 1) has the pubescence color very similar to that of M. meridionale (Fig. 2), and differs from M. meridionale mainly by the antennae in males exceeding the elytral apices by one segment; the elytra with two median cristae near the base, the inner well developed and the outer less elevated; and by a row of hairs on the base of the frons. In M. meridionale the male antennae do not reach the elytral apices, the elytra has only one median crista near the base, and there is no row of hairs on the base of the frons.

Meridiotroctes Martins & Galileo, 2007 Meridiotroctes Martins & Galileo, 2007: 188; Monn�� & Bezark, 2009: 218. Type species: Meridiotroctes meridionale Martins & Galileo, 2007 (original designation). The original description was based only on males. Here we add the following characters: Antennae in females do not exceed the elytral apices. Frons vertical, with a row of brown hairs near the inner margin of the lower ocular lobe. Clypeus with a few long brown hairs. Genae short, rounded. Antennal tubercles feebly prominent. Prothorax transverse, lateral tubercles with some coarse punctures ornamented with brown hairs. Pronotum with a row of coarse punctures on anterior and posterior margins. Humeri rounded and slightly prominent. Elytra with narrow longitudinal sulcus, near suture, in the apical half. Hind legs slightly longer than forelegs. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded. Femora pedunculateclavate. Fifth urosternite in females with a longitudinal median sulcus on basal third, and long, erect setae near apical margin. Remarks. Meridiotroctes is similar to Formozotroctes, Ozotroctes, Psapharoctes, Punctozotroctes, and Spinozotroctes in the truncated apical segment of the labial palps. Ozotroctes (O. punctatissimus Bates, 1861, Fig. 3) differs from Meridiotroctes by the coarse punctures on the pronotum, the elytra similar in size, and the elytra with a regular surface covered by pubescence, except in the punctation. In Meridiotroctes the pronotum punctures are smaller than on the elytra, and the elytral surface is irregular and completely covered by pubescence. Martins & Galileo (2007) distinguished Psapharoctes from Meridiotroctes by the unarmed elytral apex. However, only in Psapharoctes hermieri Tavakilian & N��ouze, 2007 (Fig. 4) is the elytral apex unarmed, whereas P. fanchonae Tavakilian & N��ouze, 2007 (the type species) has a small apical spine. Psapharoctes differs from Meridiotroctes by the pronotum with a longitudinal median carina and the elytra with a narrow sulcus near the epipleura, in the apical half. In Meridiotroctes the median region of the pronotum is planar and lacks a sulcus near the epipleura. Meridiotroctes differs from Punctozotroctes by the lateral tubercles of the prothorax towards sides and the elytra with a median crista near its base. In Punctozotroctes (P. guianensis Tavakilian & N��ouze, 2007, Fig. 5), the lateral tubercles on the prothorax are directed posteriorly and the elytra has only a slight elevation, without a crista. Meridiotroctes is distinguished from Formozotroctes Tavakilian & N��ouze, 2007 and Spinozotroctes Tavakilian & N��ouze, 2007 by the rounded and unarmed elytral apices. In Formozotroctes the elytral apices are obliquely truncate, and in Spinozotroctes the outer angles each bear a projecting spine., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2009, Synopsis of the genus Meridiotroctes Martins & Galileo (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), pp. 66-68 in Zootaxa 2261 on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275239, {"references":["Martins, U. R. & Galileo, M. H. M. (2007) Novos taxons e notas sobre Acanthoderini (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) com articulo III dos palpos labiais truncado. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 47 (16), 187 - 190.","Monne, M. A. & Bezark, L. (2009) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned beetles (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. http: // plant. cdfa. ca. gov. / byciddb / (accessed on July 20, 2009)","Tavakilian, G. L. & Neouze, G. L. (2007) Le genre Ozotroctes Bates, 1861: nouvelles especes et nouveaux genres apparentes d'Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Coleopteres, 13 (1), 1 - 24."]}

Machado, Vanessa S., Monné, Marcela L. (2009): Synopsis of the genus Meridiotroctes Martins & Galileo (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 2261: 66-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275239

Hylettus hiekei Fuchs, 1970 reinstated Hylettus hiekei Fuchs, 1970: 111. Type-locality ��� Ecuador (ZMHB). Hylettus viridis Monn��, 1998: 290, fig. 4, new synonymy. Type-locality ��� Colombia, Caquet��: Vegas del Caquet�� (MNRJ). Monn�� (1982: 102) considers erroneously Hylettus hiekei Fuchs, 1970 a synonym of Hylettus excelsus (Bates, 1864). Examination of the photograph of the holotype of H. hiekei (ZMHB) and the comparison with the holotype of Hylettus viridis Monn��, 1998 (MNRJ) allow us to propose the revalidation and the new synonymy. The species is distributed in Colombia and Equador. Hylettus hiekei differs from H. excelsus mainly by the greenish semi translucent elytra, with large punctures in the basal half and a few in the apical half, near the suture. In H. excelsus the elytra are brownish and the punctures regular and dense throughout. Material examined. COLOMBIA, Caquet��: Vegas del Caquet��, 1 male, 7.I. 1982, O Rojas leg. (MNRJ, holotype of Hylettus viridis)., Published as part of Monn��, Miguel A. & Machado, Vanessa S., 2009, Nomenclatural notes in Neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), pp. 67-68 in Zootaxa 2204 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275133, {"references":["Fuchs, E. (1970) Neue Lamiinen (Coleoptera) aus der Sammlung des Zoologischen Museum der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 46 (1), 109 - 114.","Monne, M. A. (1998) Notas sobre Acanthocinini neotropicais (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): generos e especies novas. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 41 (2 - 4), 289 - 295.","Monne, M. A. (1982) Revisao do genero Hylettus Bates, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 42 (1), 95 - 106."]}

Meridiotroctes bicristata sp. nov. Fig. 1 Male. Integument brownish red. Ventral region covered with whitish pubescence, except mesepisternum and metepisternum with yellowish pubescence. Head mostly covered by orange-brownish pubescence and with coarse punctures between antennal tubercles. Frons with whitish pubescence and a row of brownish hairs. Antennae exceeding elytral apices by one antennomere; scape about 1.3 times shorter than antennomere 3; antennomeres 4-11 subequal and decreasing in length; antennomere 11 about 3.0 times shorter than 3. Scape covered by bands of brownish-orange pubescence intercalated with whitish pubescence; pedicel short, cylindrical, and covered by orange-brownish pubescence, except for a ring of whitish pubescence at apex; antennomeres 3-11 covered by whitish pubescence and dark-brown pubescence on apical third, except antennomeres 3-4 with a median band of dark-brown pubescence. Scape, pedicel, and antennomeres 3-7 with erect hairs on inner margin. Prothorax about 1.5 times broader than long; with orange-brownish and whitish pubescence, the latter concentrated on the disk of the pronotum and on the lateral tubercles. Pronotum with sparse, coarse punctures near median and lateral tubercles. Intercoxal process of prosternum and mesosternum at most 1 / 3 as broad as coxal cavity. Apical margin of scutellum truncated, covered by dark-brown pubescence with a whitish median band. Elytra with pubescence predominantly orange-brownish and whitish, with three bands of dark-brown pubescence, one narrow and oblique on basal third, and two transverse bands, one large and post-median and the other covering the apices. Elytral surface, except basal margin, with dense and coarse punctation; each puncture with one white seta. Elytra about 3 or 4 times as long as prothorax; two median cristae near base, the inner well developed and the outer less elevated, both almost reaching the median region; apices rounded. Femora with whitish pubescence, except yellowish on apical third. Tibiae linear, with three bands of whitish pubescence intercalated with two bands of brown pubescence; protibial spurs short and subequal. First and second tarsi with whitish pubescence; third with brownish pubescence; fifth with brownish and whitish pubescence. Protarsi with dense, lateral, black setae. First urosternite 1 / 3 longer than the next urosternite; urosternites 2-4 subequal in length; urosternite 5 little longer than the fourth. Female. Antennae reaching the elytral apices; protarsi without lateral black setae. Measurements, in mm, male/female. Total length, 8.7���10.3 / 9.7 ���11.0; prothorax length, 1.6���2.1 /2.0��� 2.1; prothorax width, 2.6���3.4 / 3.4���3.7; elytral length, 5.6���7.5 / 6.9���7.9; humeral width, 3.3���4.1 /4.0��� 4.5. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the two cristae on the elytra of this species. Type material. Male holotype, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, 15.XI. 1972 (C. Beduin leg.) (MNRJ). Paratypes, Bahia: Maragojipe, female, X. 1969 (B. Silva leg.) (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado: male, 30.XI. 1972 (Alvarenga & Seabra leg.) (MNRJ); female, 1.X. 1977 (Seabra leg.) (MNRJ); Tijuca, male, 1.XI. 1962 (P. B��hrnheim leg.) (MNRJ). Remarks. Meridiotroctes bicristata sp. nov. (Fig. 1) has the pubescence color very similar to that of M. meridionale (Fig. 2), and differs from M. meridionale mainly by the antennae in males exceeding the elytral apices by one segment; the elytra with two median cristae near the base, the inner well developed and the outer less elevated; and by a row of hairs on the base of the frons. In M. meridionale the male antennae do not reach the elytral apices, the elytra has only one median crista near the base, and there is no row of hairs on the base of the frons., Published as part of Machado, Vanessa S. & Monn��, Marcela L., 2009, Synopsis of the genus Meridiotroctes Martins & Galileo (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), pp. 66-68 in Zootaxa 2261 on page 68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275239

Nyssodrysternum borneanum (Breuning, 1970) new combination (Fig. 1) Pseudoleiopus borneanus Breuning, 1970: 487 (MNHN). Nyssodrysternum lemniscatum Monn��, 1985: 543 new synonymy G. Tavakilian (MNHN) kindly sent us the information concerning the new synonymy proposed, and also the photograph of the holotype and labels of Pseudoleiopus borneanus. Breuning (op.cit.) described the species from Borneo, without data or collector. The species is largely distributed in Ecuador, Peru, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil (Amap��, Par��, Rond��nia)., Published as part of Monn��, Miguel A. & Machado, Vanessa S., 2009, Nomenclatural notes in Neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), pp. 67-68 in Zootaxa 2204 on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275133, {"references":["Breuning, S. (1970) Nouveaux Coleopteres Cerambycidae Lamiinae des collections du Museum de Paris (suite). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (2) 42, 460 - 488.","Monne, M. A. (1985) Sinopse do genero Nyssodrysternum Gilmour, 1960, com notas sobre o complexo Nyssodrys. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 29 (3 - 4), 535 - 548."]}