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Horcomutilla projectifrons (Cresson, 1902) (Figs. 1–14) Mutilla projectifrons Cresson, 1902. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 28: 1–82, p. 33, lectotype, ♀, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] (Carnegie Museum of Natural History—CMNH). Ephuta (Ephuta) projectifrons: André, 1902, p. 63 (new combination) Horcomutilla projectifrons: Casal 1962, p. 64 (new combination) Diagnosis. FEMALE. Females of this species are recognized by the entirely black body, conspicuous blunt tubercle projecting at the medio-lateral margins of mesosoma, and yellowish integumental spots on T2. MALE. Males of this species can be recognized by the black clypeus and elongated cuspis that is conspicuously tapered apicad. Description. MALE. (hitherto unknown). Body length 7.0 mm. Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma and appendages black to brownish-black, except mandibles yellowish with reddish apex. Tibial spurs whitish. Forewing light brownish-hyaline, veins light brown, darker costad; hindwing overall lighter than forewing. Head with sparse erect and decumbent silvery-white setae, slightly denser on gena and malar space, and sparser on ventral head surface. Lateral pronotal face setae sparse decumbent silvery-white, mesopleuron setae dense decumbent and erect silvery-white; metapleuron and lateral propodeal face virtually asetose. Legs with dense erect and decumbent silvery-white setae, except femora with sparse erect silvery-white setae. Metasoma with sparse erect and decumbent and erect silvery-white setae except medially on T2 with reddish-black setae and T5-6 and S5-6 with interspersed black and silvery-white setae; lateral felt line of T2 with dense appressed silvery-white setae. Head. Transverse subrectangular, posterolateral angles rounded. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Eye strongly convex, slightly elongate longitudinally. Ocelli small; OOD 4.9 × DLO, IOD virtually equal to DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Vertex and gena densely and finely punctate-reticulate to punctulate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined dorsal transverse carina starting at eye margin and ending before antennal tubercles. Clypeus virtually flat throughout, anterior margin sinuous; finely and densely punctulate and sparsely setose, except for small anteromedial area impunctate and asetose; no projections or invaginations along lateral margins. Scape unicarinate ventrally. Flagellomere 1 1.5 × pedicel length; flagellomere 1.5 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth greatly reduced; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulet conspicuous, well-defined, narrow, roundly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, disconnected from humeral carina. Pronotal dorsal and anterior sculpture coarsely contiguous but not equal, dorsal face densely foveolate-punctate, anterior face finely and sparsely puncticulate; lateral face with posteromedial impunctate area, densely and finely punctulate anteroventrally. Tegula convex, glabrous and impunctate except for few punctures and short setae on antero-lateral margins. Mesoscutum and scutellum densely foveolate-punctate, sculpture denser and smaller on scutellum; notaulus absent; parapsis present. Scutellum slightly convex. Axilla with a short, laterally compressed, scale-like projection posterolaterally. Metanotum slightly narrower medially. Propodeum strongly convex, densely areolate throughout; posterior face with distinct narrow longitudinal area apically, delimited by a pair of longitudinal lateral carinae; posterolateral corners of dorsal face slightly pronounced in dorsal view, wider than metanotum; posterior face of propodeum slightly longer than dorsal face. Mesopleuron conspicuously and roundly swollen along mesopleural ridge; densely punctulate, punctures sparser posterad. Metapleuron virtually smooth, impunctate, except ventral fourth, above hind coxa, with few irregular sparse punctures. Wings. Forewing with moderately elongate sclerotized pterostigma; slightly longer than broad, truncate apically; three submarginal cells, basal veinlet of third cell obliteraed. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.7 × T2 width. T2 length 0.7 × width. T1–6 sparsely and finely punctate, punctures dense on T3–6, T7 with pygidial area undefined, irregularly and sparsely punctate. S1 nearly impunctate, sparsely and finely puncticulate, with longitudinal and medially pronounced carina. S2 sparsely and finely punctate, punctures denser on S3–7; S7 transverse, subrectangular, slightly broader than long, posterior margin simply convex, without any notches or projections. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not conspicuously pronounced, broadly concave and laterally compressed apically. Paramere free length 1.45 × cuspis free length, evenly curved inward apicad in dorsal view and ventrally curved apicad in lateral view; terminating in bifid apex, inner arm of apex shorter and broader, laterally compressed; external arm of apex narrower, subacute apically; parameres with dense tuft of long setae on basal half and sparse setae laterally on apical half. Cuspis 2.3 × digitus length, slightly sinuous in dorsal view and ventral view, curved ventrally apicad in lateral view; conspicuously and abruptly narrower on apical third; slightly laterally compressed, broader in lateral view than in dorsal view; densely setose throughout, setae sparse on outer surface, denser along inner margin; internodorsal margin with numerous thick, curved spine-like setae; paracuspis absent. Digitus very short, ending before apex of parapenial lobe, slightly upcurved in lateral view; asetose. Penis valve without any conspicuous concave or convex areas, asetose, with two strong teeth medioventrally; basal tooth longer and broader, apparently bifid apically; apical tooth short and narrow, acute apically; dorsoapical margin of penial valve with large projection, strongly and conspicuously curved externally apicad. Material examined. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Campus 1, 22°11’42’’S 54°55’46’’W, 467m, 1♂, 17.IV.2005, Lima F. e equipe col., UFGD-MuBio, Hym-00401-M (UFGD); same label except for 1♀, UFGD-MuBio, Hym-00400-M (UFGD). Host. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) auropilosa Spinola (Apidae, Apinae, Exomalopsini) Remarks. The males of H. projectifrons can be distinguished from the other two males known from Horcomutilla by their black to brownish-black clypeus, which is yellowish-white in both H. maracayi and H. krombeini. During the observation period, a male and a female of H. projectifrons emerged from the bee nest. The male emerged on April 17, 2005 and the female on April 26, 2005. Two other females of H. projectifrons were observed attempting to enter the Exomalopsis Spinola nest early in the morning (07:00–08:00) in March. In one of these cases, the Horcomutilla female was attacked by an Exomalopsis guarding the nest entrance whilst the second female managed to enter the host nest when there was no guard at the entrance. Distribution. Brazil (Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás) The natural history of Horcomutilla Casal, 1962 is largely unknown and here we provide unpublished biological information for the genus. The previously unknown male of H. projectifrons (Cresson, 1902) is described and the first record for Horcomutilla based on a couple reared from an Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) auropilosa Spinola (Apidae: Exomalopsini) communal nest in Midwestern Brazil is presented. Furthermore, we provide habitus photos for the couple, and photographs and illustrations of the male genitalia., Published as part of Lopez, Vinicius M., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Lima, Felipe V. O. & Silvestre, Rogerio, 2019, Male description of Horcomutilla projectifrons (Cresson, 1902) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) and the first host record for the genus, pp. 573-576 in Zootaxa 4559 (3) on pages 573-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2627250, {"references":["Cresson, E. T. (1902) Descriptions of some Mutilla from Brazil. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 28 (1), 1 - 82.","Andre, E. (1902 [\" 1903 \"]) Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 11, pp. 77. [dates of publication after Lelej & Brothers 2008]","Casal, O. H. (1962) Mutillidae neotropicales IX (Hymenoptera). Un nuevo genero de Sphaerophthalminae. Notas Museu De La Plata, 20, 63 - 75."]}

Rhinotora diversipennis Lopes (Figs 1 A���F, 10) Rhinotora diversipennis Lopes, 1936: 107. Holotype ��, MNRJ. Type-locality: Brazil, S��o Paulo, Capital, Cantareira. Distr.��� Brazil (S��o Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul). Refs ��� Lopes 1936: figs 3���4, 7���9 (male genitalia, crossveins of cell r1, wing); Papavero 1967: 2 (catalogue); Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011: 54 (male genitalia). Diagnosis. Rhinotora diversipennis, along with R. travassosi, are the only two species having two independent supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3. In R. diversipennis, however, these crossveins are parallel (sometimes connected posteriorly) and the spot around them are not distinctly darker than the remaining wing spots. In addition, this species differs from R. travassosi by the lack of anterior orbital seta (feature also observed in R. lopesi). As in most Rhinotora species, the male fore femur is about three times longer than wide (slightly narrower on female). Redescription. Head (Figs 1 A���C). Yellow to brown, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta absent. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Fig. 1 B). Scutum yellowish to reddish brown, golden setulose, golden pruinose. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant; yellowish brown, golden pruinose, apex and protuberances shiny. Wing (Fig. 1 D). Medial vein ratio: 0.46. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane hyaline with dark spots. Cell r1 with seven to eight simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with two parallel, often posteriorly connected supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3. Legs (Fig. 1 A). Male fore femur about three times longer than wide (slightly narrower on female). Distal third of mid femur with short strong anteroventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral row of strong setae. Mid tibia with two or three distinct ventroapical setae. Abdomen. Tergites dark brown, sternites yellowish brown; yellow setulose. Protandrium (Fig. 1 E). Sternite 5 evenly sclerotized. Sternites 6���8 fused, encircling the abdomen without a break. Male genitalia (Fig. 1 F). Cerci fused to each other, with shallow indentation on distal margin. Surstylus single lobed, hook shaped in ventral view, inner surface setulose. Phallus with membranous, spherical apex. Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, S��o Paulo). Examined non-type material. BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: S��o Francisco de Paula���PROMATA, 14��� 18.xii.2009, P. Grossi col. (1��, INPA). S��o Paulo: Sales��polis, Boracea, 850m, xii, 1949, L. Travassos Fo., E. Rab., det. J.C. Almeida, compared with holotype (1�� MZUSP)., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 517-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1936) Sobre duas especies brasileiras de Rhinotora Schiner (Dipt. Rhopalomeridae). Revista de Entomologia, 6, 106 - 109.","Papavero, N. (1967) Family Rhinotoridae, chapter 87. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of The United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. pp. 1 - 4.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2011) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini). Zootaxa, 2736, 44 - 56."]}

Rhinotora travassosi Lopes (Figs 6A���F, 10) Rhinotora travassosi Lopes, 1934: 517. Holotype ♂, MNRJ. Type-locality: Brazil, S��o Paulo, Capital, Cantareira. Distr.��� Brazil (Minas Gerais, S��o Paulo). Refs���Lopes 1935: 20, pl. 1, fig. 1 (wing); 1936: 106, figs 1���2, 5���6 (male genitalia, crossveins of cell r1); Papavero 1967: 2 (catalogue); Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011: 54 (male genitalia). Diagnosis. Rhinotora travassosi can be identified by the distinct brown pruinose triangle on scutellum, along with a dark spot surrounding the supernumerary crossvein of cell r2+3, covering part of cell r4+5. This is the only species with two independent, divergent, supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3. Rhinotora travassosi shares with lopesi, R. paschoali sp. nov., and R. spiloptera, the complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots on scutum. Moreover, Rhinotora travassosi resemble most Rhinotora species regarding the presence of anterior orbital seta, the male fore femur about three times longer than wide, and the strong ventral setae on mid and hind femora. Redescription. Head (Figs 6A���C). Yellow to brown, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta about as long as one fourth of posterior seta. Mouthparts brown, palpus yellow. Thorax (Figs 6A���B). Scutum dark brown with paler areas, golden setulose, with complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots; acrostichal paired stripes brown, medially connected; posteromedial paired spots parallel, posteriorly connected. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant; dark brown, pruinescence golden on lateral margin with distinct dorsal brown pruinose triangle; lateral spines and apex shiny. Wing (Fig. 6D). Medial vein ratio: 0.47. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C yellow between sc break and apex, with base and apex brown. Membrane hyaline with dark spots, including a darker one surrounding the supernumerary crossvein of cell r2 2+3, covering part of cell r4+5. Cell r1 with seven to nine simple supernumerary crossveins, some of them occasionally branched. Cell r2+3 with two divergent, sometimes connected, supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. Legs (Fig. 6A). Fore femur on male about three times longer than wide (slightly thinner on female). Distal third of mid femur with two rows of short strong ventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral row of strong setae. Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Abdomen. Generally brown in color, brown setulose. Protandrium (Fig. 6E). Male sternite 5 medially with an acute posterior projection. Sternite 6 fused with sternite 5. Male genitalia (Fig. 6F). Cerci fused to each other, with discrete medial tubercle at apex. Surstylus single lobed, rectangular in lateral view, apex slightly concave. Phallus robust, rotated to left, with membranous apex. Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paran��, S��o Paulo). Examined non-type material. BRAZIL. Paran��: Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra, 20.viii.2008, P. Grossi & J. Calhau colls (1��, INPA); same data, 08.x.2008 (2��, 2♀, INPA); same data, 24.x.2008 (5��, 3 INPA); same data, 04.xi.2008 (2��, 2♀, INPA). Remarks. Rhinotora travassosi is recorded for the first time from Paran�� State., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 527-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1934) Nota previa sobre alguns Rhopalomeridae (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 4, 517.","Papavero, N. (1967) Family Rhinotoridae, chapter 87. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of The United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. pp. 1 - 4.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2011) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini). Zootaxa, 2736, 44 - 56."]}

Rhinotora salesopolitana Guimar��es & Papavero (Figs 5A���C, 10) Rhinotora salesopolitana Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966: 266, figs 5���7 (male genitalia). Type-locality: Brazil, S��o Paulo, Sales��polis, Esta����o Biol��gica de Borac��ia. Distr.��� Brazil (S��o Paulo, Sales��polis). Refs���Papavero 1967: 2 (catalogue); Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011: 54 (male genitalia). Holotype ♂, MZUSP. Diagnosis. Rhinotora salesopolitana resembles R. dirversipennis and R. pluricellata by the scutum uniformly golden pruinose, without dark pruinose spots. This species resembles most Rhinotora species by the presence of anterior orbital seta, by the single supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3, and by the male fore femur about four times longer than wide. Rhinotora salesopolitana can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the male genitalia. Redescription. Head (Figs 5A���C). Mostly yellow, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta about as long as one fourth of posterior seta. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Figs 5A��� B). Scutum reddish brown with dark brown regions, golden pruinose. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant; yellowish brown, golden pruinose; apex and protuberances yellow, shiny. Wing (Fig. 5A). Medial vein ratio: 0.51. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane hyaline with dark spots. Cell r1 with eight to nine simple supernumerary crossveins, the apical most, occasionally branched. Cell r2+3 with one simple supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3; sometimes one additional vein arising from the apical third of R2+3. Legs (Fig. 5A). Fore femur on male about three times longer than wide. Distal third of mid femur with two rows of short strong ventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral row of strong setae. Mid tibia two or three distinct ventral apical setae. Abdomen. Generally brown in color, brown setulose. Male genitalia (Guimar��es & Papavero 1966). Male cerci fused to each other, curved in lateral view, apex slightly concave. Surstylus single lobed, rectangular in lateral view, apex slightly concave. Phallus robust with pointed apex. Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (S��o Paulo). Examined type material. HOLOTYPE ��. BRAZIL. S��o Paulo: Sales��polis, Boracea, 850m, xii, 1949, L. Travassos Fo., E. Rab. (MZUSP)., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on page 524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Guimaraes, J. H. & Papavero, N. (1966) A contribution to the knowledge of the neotropical Rhinotoridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, 18, 261 - 269.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2011) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini). Zootaxa, 2736, 44 - 56."]}

Rhinotora spiloptera Guimar��es & Papavero (Figs 5 D���F, 10) Rhinotora spiloptera Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966: 266. Holotype ♂, MZUSP. Type-locality: Brazil, S��o Paulo, Sales��polis, Esta����o Biol��gica de Borac��ia. Distr.��� Brazil (S��o Paulo, Sales��polis). Refs���Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966: figs 8���10 (male genitalia). Papavero 1967: 2 (catalogue); Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011: 54 (male genitalia). Diagnosis. Rhinotora spiloptera, similarly to R. paschoali sp. nov., has the male fore femur about four times longer than wide (i.e. narrower than in the remaining species). Rhinotora spiloptera shares with most Rhinotora species the presence of anterior orbital seta, the single supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3, and the strong ventral setae on mid and hind femora. In addition, this species shares with lopesi, R. paschoali sp. nov., and R. travassosi, the complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots on scutum. Rhinotora spiloptera differs from its congeneric species by the triangular male cerci as shown by Guimar��es & Papavero (1966). Redescription. Head (Figs 5 D���F). Mostly yellow, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta about as long as one fourth of posterior seta. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Figs 5 D��� E). Scutum brown with yellowish and reddish areas, golden setulose, with complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots; posteromedially golden pruinose. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant; yellowish brown, golden pruinose, apex and protuberances shiny. Wing (Figs 5 E). Medial vein ratio: 0.44. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane hyaline with dark spots. Cell r1 with eight simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with one simple supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. Legs (Figs 5 D). Male fore femur about four times longer than wide. Distal third of mid femur with two rows of short strong ventral setae. Distal third of hind femur without strong ventral setae. Mid tibia with two or three distinct ventroapical setae. Abdomen. Generally brown in color, brown setulose. Male genitalia (illustrated by Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966). Male cerci fused to each other, triangular in dorsal view. Surstylus single lobed, rectangular in lateral view, distal margin slightly concave. Phallus short, slender (Almeida & Ale Rocha 2011). Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (Paran��, S��o Paulo). Examined type material. HOLOTYPE ��. BRAZIL. S��o Paulo: Sales��polis, Boracea, 850m, xii, 1949, L. Travassos Fo., E. Rab. (MZUSP)., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 524-526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Guimaraes, J. H. & Papavero, N. (1966) A contribution to the knowledge of the neotropical Rhinotoridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, 18, 261 - 269.","Papavero, N. (1967) Family Rhinotoridae, chapter 87. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of The United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. pp. 1 - 4.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2011) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini). Zootaxa, 2736, 44 - 56."]}

Rhinotora pluricellata Schiner (Figs 4A ���F, 10) Rhinotora pluricellata Schiner, 1868: 233. Syntypes 2♂, 2♀, NWM. Type-locality: " Brazil ". Distr.��� Brazil (Guanabara, S��o Paulo). Refs���Fischer 1932: 425, figs 8���9, 20 (antenna, scutellum, wing); Lopes, 1935: 20, figs 1, 4���7 (egg, male genitalia, ovipositor); Papavero 1967: 2 (catalogue); Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011: 54 (male genitalia). Diagnosis. This species resembles R. lopesi, R. salesopolitana, R. paschoali sp. nov. and R. spiloptera by the single supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. On the other hand, it resembles R. dirversipennis and R. salesopolitana by the scutum without dark pruinose spots, having a uniform golden pruinose cover. Rhinotora pluricellata differs from all remaining Rhinotora by the male genitalia with bottle-shaped cerci and phallus with microtrichose apex. Redescription. Head (Figs 4A���B, D���F). Yellow to brown, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta about as long as one fourth of posterior seta. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Figs 4 A���B, D���E). Scutum yellowish to reddish brown, golden setulose, golden pruinose. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant; yellowish brown, golden pruinose, apex and lateral spines shiny. Wing (Fig. 4B,D). Medial vein ratio: 0.49. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane hyaline with dark spots. Cell r1 with five to six simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with a simple or branched supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. Legs (Figs 4A, D). Fore femur on male about three times longer than wide. Distal third of mid femur with short strong anteroventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral row of strong setae. Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Abdomen. Tergites brown, sternites yellowish brown; brown setulose. Protandrium (Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011). Sternite 5 medially membranous; laterally fused with sternite 6. Male genitalia (Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011). Cerci fused to each other, abruptly narrowing from base to apex (bottle-shaped). Surstylus single lobed, foot-shaped in lateral view. Phallus short, slender, with microtrichose apex. Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, S��o Paulo). Examined type material. SYNTYPES. ���Novara R.; Brasilia / pulricellata; Alte Sammlung / Type ��� (photographs of 1��, 1♀, NMW). Examined non-type material. BRAZIL. S��o Paulo: Itaporanga, N. B. Antonina, i.1946, Barretto col. (1��, MZUSP)., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 522-524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair (Ed.), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Vol. 2, Part 1, Section B. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, pp. 1 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7913","Lopes, H. S. (1935) A sub-familia Rhinotorinae Williston (Dipt. - Rhopalomeridae). Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, 2 (1), 19 - 26.","Papavero, N. (1967) Family Rhinotoridae, chapter 87. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of The United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. pp. 1 - 4.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2011) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini). Zootaxa, 2736, 44 - 56."]}

Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes (Figs 2A���B, 10) Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes, 1934: 517. Holotype ♀, MNRJ. Type-locality: Brazil, S��o Paulo, Capital, Cantareira. Ref.��� Lopes 1935: 22, fig. 8, pl. 1, fig. 2 (scutellum, wing). Neorhinotora fonsecai: Ref. ��� Papavero 1967: 2; Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2008: 1936, figs 1c (wing), 5a (female terminalia), 6a (egg). Diagnosis. Rhinotora fonsecai is the only Rhinotora species with lobed, instead of spiniform, protuberances on scutellum. This species shares with some specimens of R. travassosi and also with Rhinotoroides the presence of branched supernumerary crossveins on r1. Likewise R. pluricellata, R. salesopolitana, R. spiloptera, and many exemplars of R. lopesi, this species has one simple supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. As in most Rhinotora species, the anterior orbital seta is present. Redescription. Head (Fig. 1 A). Mostly yellow, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta short, piliform. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Fig. 1 A). Scutum reddish brown with yellowish regions. Scutellum trapezoidal, with lateral and apical roundish protuberances; base of apical seta prolonged posteriorly. Scutellum mostly reddish brown, yellow at the base of apical seta; silvery pruinose, shiny at the base of apical setae. Wing. Medial vein ratio: 0.46. Veins yellow to brown; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane brownish, with many hyaline spots. Cell r1 with three branched and two simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with one simple supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3, sometimes another one arising from the apical third of R2+3. Legs. Distal third of mid femur with two rows of short strong ventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of strong short setae. Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Abdomen. Tergites brown, sternites yellowish brown; brown setulose. Female terminalia. Sternite 8 bilobed, with two rows of setulae; two spherical spermathecae (Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2008). Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (S��o Paulo). Examined type material (seen in 2004). HOLOTYPE ♀ [wing mounted on slide]. ���Instituto Biol��gico/ Rhinotora / fonsecai Lopes / Aza do holotypo/ Cantareira/ S. Paulo/ F. Fonseca col.���. PARATYPE ♀. ��� Typus ��� [red label]; ���Serra Cantareira/ H. Florestal S. Paulo/ F. Fonseca 18-7-934���; ��� Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes / H. S. Lopesdet 9-934���. Remarks. Rhinotora fonsecai was transferred to Neorhinotora Lopes, 1934, by Papavero (1967) based on the lack of spines on scutellum. In the last review of Neorhinotora species, however, Almeida & Ale-Rocha (2008) argued that the lobed protuberances found in the scutellum of R. fonsecai (two lateral and one apical) are in a similar position to the spiniform protuberances of the scutellum of Rhinotora, suggesting homology between those structures. The authors, despite not having transferred R. fonsecai back to Rhinotora, also stated many features that separate this species from the remaining Neorhinotora, namely head relatively wider, compound eye more obliquely disposed, clypeus not as well developed, pruinescence finer, scutellum not excavated, female sternite 8 with two rows of setulae instead of one and egg with widespread chorionic reticulation. Considering all these aspects, R. fonsecai is here transferred back to its original genus., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 518-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1934) Nota previa sobre alguns Rhopalomeridae (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 4, 517.","Lopes, H. S. (1935) A sub-familia Rhinotorinae Williston (Dipt. - Rhopalomeridae). Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, 2 (1), 19 - 26.","Papavero, N. (1967) Family Rhinotoridae, chapter 87. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of The United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. pp. 1 - 4.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2008) Taxonomic review of Neorhinotora Lopes 1934 (Diptera, Heleomyzidae). Zootaxa, 1936, 40 - 58."]}

Rhinotora Schiner Rhinotora Schiner, 1868: 233. Type-species, Rhinotora pluricellata Schiner, 1868 (orig. des.). Diagnosis. Rhinotora, within the Rhinotorini, is unique by the protuberances on scutellum. It shares with Neorhinotora and some Australian species of Cairnsimyia Malloch, 1931, the absence of postvertical setae (McAlpine 1985). Likewise most Rhinotorini, Rhinotora has the scutellum flattened (not excavated as in Neorhinotora), and the pruinescence of scutum is fine, present around setal sockets (in Neorhinotora pruinescence is thicker, absent around setal sockets). The genus, along with the remaining Rhinotorina, also has the following features, as observed by McAlpine (1985): genal seta present; presutural intrallar seta present; one presutural intrallar seta; two well separated postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum without setulae (only strong setae present); propleuron without hairs except at lower extremity; hind femur with one strong anterodorsal seta at about apical fifth; spaced costal spines absent; costal break simple; male postabdomen: sternite 5 deeply bilobed; tergite 6 never present as a separate sclerite; surstylus movably articulated at base. Redescription. Head. Compound eye prominent, obliquely oblong. Vertex wider than face. Median occipital sclerite shiny. Gena about as high as compound eye; one medioventral seta, as strong as oral vibrissa; setulose, silvery pruinose on anterior half and around compound eye. Face deeply concave. Oral vibrissa well developed. Ocellar setae proclinate, well developed. One inner vertical seta. One outer vertical seta. Anterior orbital setae reclinate, shorter than posterior one, sometimes piliform or completely absent (R. lopesi and R. diversipennis); one well developed reclinate posterior orbital seta. Postocellar setae absent. Antenna. Arista preapical, micropubescent. Pedicel with one dorsal seta, besides regular covering setulae. Postpedicel globose, slightly flattened laterally. Thorax. Scutum with fine pruinescence, present around setal sockets and forming a complex pattern of brown and golden stripes and spots. Two postsutural dorsocentral setae; one presutural intrallar seta; one postsutural supralar seta; one postpronotal seta; two notopleural setae; two postallar setae. Scutellum triangular with spiniform and/or lobed protuberances; one pair of apical scutellar seta; one pair of basal scutellar seta. Katepisternum with two strong setae on dorsal margin. Wing. Membrane microtrichose, hyaline with dark spots, or brownish with hyaline spots. Cell r1 with simple or branched supernumerary crossveins. R2+3 with one or two simple or branched supernumerary crossveins arising from its middle. Distance from apex of R2+3 to R4+5 shorter than distance from apex from R4+5 to M1. Crossvein r-m broken. Legs. Fore femur three to four times longer than wide, ventrally with two rows of short strong setae. Hind femur with one strong anterodorsal seta at about apical fifth. Fore tibia with a row of short and strong ventral setae. Mid tibia with one to three distinct ventroapical setae. Hind tibia with one distinct apical anteroventral seta. Abdomen. Tergites short setulose, setulae longer laterally on posterior margin. Protandrium. Tergite 6 indistinct; sternites 7���8 fused; sternite 6 either fused with sternites 7���8 (R. diversipennis, R. lopesi) or with sternite 5 (R. paschoali sp. nov., R. travassosi). Male genitalia. Epandrium saddle shaped. Cerci fused to each other and to epandrium. Postgonites dorsal to phallus. Female terminalia. Two spherical spermathecae. Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Paran��, Rio Grande do Sul, S��o Paulo); Costa Rica (Volc��n de Irazu); Peru (Callanga). TABLE]. D���Stľ���but�����n ľec��ľđS f��ľ Rhinotora Spec ���eS anđ đata S��uľce. C����ľđ���nateS ���n đec���mal đegľeeS, đatum W�� 84 (E�� �� 4326). TL: type l��cal���ty., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 515-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair (Ed.), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Vol. 2, Part 1, Section B. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, pp. 1 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7913","Malloch, J. R. (1931) Notes on Australian Diptera. XXIX. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 56, 292 - 298.","McAlpine, D. K. (1985) The Australian genera of Heleomyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) and a reclassification of the family into tribes. Records of the Australian Museum, 36 (5), 203 - 251. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.36.1985.346"]}

Rhinotora paschoali Calhau & Coelho sp. nov. (Figs 3A���G, 10) Diagnosis. Rhinotora paschoali sp. nov. is the only species in the genus that lacks strong ventral seta on mid and hind femora, besides having the most developed anterior orbital seta in the genus. It shares with R. spiloptera the fore femur proportions (about four times longer than wide). On the other hand, this species is similar to some specimens of R. lopesi concerning the branched supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. Likewise R. lopesi, R. spiloptera and R. travassosi, the scutum has a complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots. The male genitalia in this new species is very distinctive, with cerci laterally expanded in fingerlike projections and phallus flattened, laterally L-shaped. Description. Male. Body length, excluding antenna and abdomen: 3.40 mm. Head (Figs 3A���C). Height: 0.83 mm, width: 1.53 mm. Yellow to brown, silvery to golden pruinose. Compound eye yellowish. Frons and vertex medially brown, yellow around compound eye, with a pair of lateral dark spots on anterior margin of frons. Frons golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta about as long as one third of posterior seta. Ocellar triangle brown. Face yellow with a dark brown band below antennae. Gena yellow with an oblique medial brown stripe. Subgena yellow to brown. Postgena yellow. Median occipital sclerite brown, shiny. Occiput yellow, black setulose. Mouthparts yellowish. Antennae ventrally yellow, dorsally brown. Arista preapical, micropubescent. Thorax (Figs 3A���B). Yellow to brown. Scutum brown with yellowish areas; black setulose, with complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots; posteromedial paired spots converging posteriorly. Pleura mostly dark brown with paler areas and a wide pruinose band from anepisternum to postpronotal lobe. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant. Scutellum yellowish brown, golden pruinose, shiny at apex and on lateral spines. Wing (Fig. 3D). Length: 4.80 mm, width: 1.44 mm, Medial vein ratio: 0.51. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane hyaline with dark spots. Cell r1 with seven to eight simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with a branched supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. Legs (Fig. 3A). Mid and hind coxae yellow to brown, black setulose. Fore femur brown on proximal two thirds, yellow on distal third, black setulose, with longer setulae on posterodorsal surface. Fore femur about four times longer than wide. Mid femur brown on proximal two thirds and yellow on distal third. Mid femur with black setulae, ventrally longer. Mid femur without strong ventral setae. Hind femur brown with a subapical yellow spot. Hind femur without strong ventral setae. Fore tibia yellow on first and third quarters, brown on second and fourth quarters. Mid tibia brown, yellow at base and third quarter. Mid tibia with one distinct apical ventral seta. Hind tibia brown, yellow at base and on medial third. Abdomen. Tergites dark brown, sternites yellowish brown; tergites short brown setulose, setulae longer laterally on posterior margin. Protandrium (Fig. 3E). Sternite 5 medially membranous. Sternite 6 fused with sternite 5. Male genitalia (Figs 3F���G). Cerci fused to each other and to epandrium; laterally expanded in a pair of fingerlike projections. Surstylus rectangular in lateral view, inner surface microtrichose. Phallus flattened, laterally L-shaped, apex thin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Paschoal Grossi, Brazilian coleopterist and eminent insect collector. Examined type material. HOLOTYPE ��. BRAZIL. Paran��: Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra, 24.x.2008, P. Grossi & J. Calhau colls (1��, INPA)., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 520-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175

Rhinotora lopesi Guimar��es & Papavero (Figs 2 C���F, 10) Rhinotora lopesi Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966: 264. Type-locality: Brazil, S��o Paulo, Campos do Jord��o, Alto da Boa Vista, Fazenda da Guarda. Distr.��� Brazil (S��o Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul). Ref.��� Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966: figs 3���4 (male genitalia); Papavero 1967: 2 (catalogue). Diagnosis. Rhinotora lopesi, along with R. diversipennis, are the only species on which the anterior orbital seta are completely absent. These species are easily distinguished from each other by the number of supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3 (one crossvein in R. lopesi, two in R. diversipennis). Rhinotora diversipennis resembles R. travassosi regarding the presence of parallel posteromedial paired spots on scutum., but these spots are well separate in R. lopesi, and connected to each other in R. travassosi. As in most Rhinotora species, the male fore femur is about three times longer than wide (slightly thinner on female). Rhinotora lopesi is easily distinguishable from the remaining congeneric species by the male genitalia, specially by the cerci shape. Redescription. Head (Figs 2 C���D). Yellow to brown, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta absent. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Figs 2 C���D). Scutum brown, with complex pattern of brown and golden pruinose stripes and spots; posteromedial paired spots parallel. Scutellum triangular with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances; base of apical seta protuberant; yellowish brown, golden pruinose, apex and protuberances shiny. Wing (Fig. 2 D). Medial vein ratio: 0.46. Veins mostly dark brown with white and yellow areas; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane hyaline with dark spots. Cell r1 with six to nine simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with a simple or branched supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. Legs (Fig. 2 C). Fore femur on male about three times longer than wide (slightly thinner on female). Distal third of mid femur with short strong anteroventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral row of strong setae. Mid tibia with one distinct apical ventral seta. Abdomen. Tergites dark brown, sternites yellowish brown; brown setulose. Protandrium (Fig. 1 E). Sternite 5 medially membranous. Sternites 6���8 fused, encircling the abdomen without a break. Male genitalia (Fig. 1 F). Cerci fused to each other, distally free, each of them comprising a greater medial lobe, and a smaller lateral lobe. Surstylus with outer long projection and pair of small microtrichose inner lobes. Phallus with membranous, oval apex. Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (Amazonas, Paran��, Rio Grande do Sul, S��o Paulo). Examined type material. HOLOTYPE ��. BRAZIL. S��o Paulo, Campos do Jord��o, 1650m., Faz. Guarda [Parque Estadual Campos do Jord��o], Alto Boa Vista, 31.iii.1963, N. Papavero, J. Guimar��es, L.T.F. [L. Travassos Fo.] colls. Examined non-type material. BRAZIL. Paran��: Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra, 08.x.2008, P. Grossi & J. Calhau colls (1��, 1♀, INPA). Rio Grande do Sul: S��o Francisco de Paula���PROMATA, 14���18.xii.2009, P. Grossi col. (3��, 2♀, INPA). Remarks. The species is recorded for the first time from Paran�� States., Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on page 520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Guimaraes, J. H. & Papavero, N. (1966) A contribution to the knowledge of the neotropical Rhinotoridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, 18, 261 - 269.","Papavero, N. (1967) Family Rhinotoridae, chapter 87. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of The United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. pp. 1 - 4."]}

Key to the known species of Heleomyzidae occurring in Brazil 1. Face without subantennal pits (Figs 1 C, 7F, 8F). Compound eyes large and prominent. Vertex slightly to deeply excavated. Head brown to yellow.......................................................................Rhinotorini... 2 1’. Face with pair of deep, oval subantennal pits (Figs 9C,F). Compound eyes reduced. Vertex horizontal or slightly convex. Head at least partially bright orange.................................................................. Diaciini...13 2(1). Postvertical setae absent (Fig. 1 C). Scutellum with longitudinal excavation or with protuberances (Figs 1 B, 2B). Vertex deeply excavated (Figs 1 C, 7F)................................................................................ 3 2’. Postvertical setae weak, convergent (Fig. 8 D). Scutellum without longitudinal excavation or protuberances (Fig. 8 E). Vertex slightly excavated (Fig. 8 F)................................................ Rhinotoroides bifurcata Lopes, 1934. 3(2). Scutellum flattened, not excavated, with spiniform or lobed protuberances (Figs 1 B, 2B). Pruinescence of scutum fine, present around setal sockets (Figs 1 B,D)............................................................... Rhinotora... 4 3’. Scutellum inflated and longitudinally excavated (Fig. 7B). Pruinescence of scutum thick, absent around setal sockets (Figs 7A–B,D–E)............................................................................. Neorhinotora...11 4(3). Scutellum with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances (Fig. 1 B). Wing membrane hyaline with dark spots; cell r1 with several supernumerary crossveins, occasionally some of them branched (Figs 1 D, 3D, 6D).............................. 5 4’. Scutellum with discrete apical and lateral lobed protuberances (Fig. 2B). Wing membrane dark with hyaline spots; cell r1 with several supernumerary crossveins, most of them branched (per Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011)................ R. fonsecai 5(4). Cell r2+3 medially with 2–3 supernumerary crossveins, arising independently from R2+3 (sometimes connected posteriorly) (Figs 1 D, 6D)........................................................................................ 6 5’. Cell r2+3 medially with a single (either simple or branched) supernumerary crossvein (Fig 3D)......................... 7 6(5). Wing with a distinct spot around crossveins arising from R2+3, darker than remaining wing spots (Fig 6D). Scutellum centrally with a dark pruinose triangle; margin golden pruinose. Male cerci with convex apical margin (Fig 6F)........ R. travassosi 6’. Wing with two parallel, often posteriorly connected supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3; dark spot around those crossveins not darker than the remaining wing spots (Fig 1 D). Pruinescence of scutellum golden to brown, not forming a distinct pattern. Male cerci with indented apical margin (Fig 1 F)............................ R. diversipennis 7(6). Scutum with complex pattern of dark pruinose spots (Figs 2 D, 3B, 5E)........................................... 8 7’. Scutum golden pruinose, without dark pruinose spots (Figs 4 E, 5B)............................................ 10 8(7). Male fore femur about three times longer than wide. Scutum with two parallel dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 2 D). Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Cerci with a greater medial lobe, and a smaller lateral lobe (Fig. 2 F)............................................................................................... R. lopesi 8’. Male fore femur about four times longer than wide. Pruinose pattern of scutum not as above. Mid tibia with 1–3 distinct ventroapical setae........................................................................................ 9 9(8). Scutum without dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 5 E). Mid tibia with two or three distinct ventroapical setae. Male cerci triangular in dorsal view (per Guimarães & Papavero, 1966).................................. R. spiloptera 9’. Scutum with two converging dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 3B). Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Male cerci short, fused all along its apex, prolonged laterally into two digitiform lobes (Fig. 3G).. R. paschoali sp. nov. 10(7). Cell r1 with five to six supernumerary crossveins (Fig. 4B,D). Mid tibia with one ventroapical distinct seta. Male cerci abruptly narrowing from base to apex, bottle-shaped in dorsal view (per Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011)....... R. pluricellata 10’. Cell r1 with eight to nine supernumerary crossveins (Fig. 5A). Mid tibia with two or three ventroapical distinct seta. Male cerci trapezoidal in dorsal view (Guimarães & Papavero, 1966)........................................ R. salesopolitana 11(3). Arista micropubescent (Fig. 8C). Wing with two well-defined spots around dm-cu and on the distal extremities of R4+5 and M (Figs 8A–B)..................................................................... N. mutica (Schiner, 1868)

Key to the known species of Heleomyzidae occurring in Brazil 1. Face without subantennal pits (Figs 1 C, 7F, 8F). Compound eyes large and prominent. Vertex slightly to deeply excavated. Head brown to yellow.......................................................................Rhinotorini... 2 1���. Face with pair of deep, oval subantennal pits (Figs 9C,F). Compound eyes reduced. Vertex horizontal or slightly convex. Head at least partially bright orange.................................................................. Diaciini...13 2(1). Postvertical setae absent (Fig. 1 C). Scutellum with longitudinal excavation or with protuberances (Figs 1 B, 2B). Vertex deeply excavated (Figs 1 C, 7F)................................................................................ 3 2���. Postvertical setae weak, convergent (Fig. 8 D). Scutellum without longitudinal excavation or protuberances (Fig. 8 E). Vertex slightly excavated (Fig. 8 F)................................................ Rhinotoroides bifurcata Lopes, 1934. 3(2). Scutellum flattened, not excavated, with spiniform or lobed protuberances (Figs 1 B, 2B). Pruinescence of scutum fine, present around setal sockets (Figs 1 B,D)............................................................... Rhinotora... 4 3���. Scutellum inflated and longitudinally excavated (Fig. 7B). Pruinescence of scutum thick, absent around setal sockets (Figs 7A���B,D���E)............................................................................. Neorhinotora...11 4(3). Scutellum with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances (Fig. 1 B). Wing membrane hyaline with dark spots; cell r1 with several supernumerary crossveins, occasionally some of them branched (Figs 1 D, 3D, 6D).............................. 5 4���. Scutellum with discrete apical and lateral lobed protuberances (Fig. 2B). Wing membrane dark with hyaline spots; cell r1 with several supernumerary crossveins, most of them branched (per Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011)................ R. fonsecai 5(4). Cell r2+3 medially with 2���3 supernumerary crossveins, arising independently from R2+3 (sometimes connected posteriorly) (Figs 1 D, 6D)........................................................................................ 6 5���. Cell r2+3 medially with a single (either simple or branched) supernumerary crossvein (Fig 3D)......................... 7 6(5). Wing with a distinct spot around crossveins arising from R2+3, darker than remaining wing spots (Fig 6D). Scutellum centrally with a dark pruinose triangle; margin golden pruinose. Male cerci with convex apical margin (Fig 6F)........ R. travassosi 6���. Wing with two parallel, often posteriorly connected supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3; dark spot around those crossveins not darker than the remaining wing spots (Fig 1 D). Pruinescence of scutellum golden to brown, not forming a distinct pattern. Male cerci with indented apical margin (Fig 1 F)............................ R. diversipennis 7(6). Scutum with complex pattern of dark pruinose spots (Figs 2 D, 3B, 5E)........................................... 8 7���. Scutum golden pruinose, without dark pruinose spots (Figs 4 E, 5B)............................................ 10 8(7). Male fore femur about three times longer than wide. Scutum with two parallel dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 2 D). Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Cerci with a greater medial lobe, and a smaller lateral lobe (Fig. 2 F)............................................................................................... R. lopesi 8���. Male fore femur about four times longer than wide. Pruinose pattern of scutum not as above. Mid tibia with 1���3 distinct ventroapical setae........................................................................................ 9 9(8). Scutum without dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 5 E). Mid tibia with two or three distinct ventroapical setae. Male cerci triangular in dorsal view (per Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966).................................. R. spiloptera 9���. Scutum with two converging dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 3B). Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Male cerci short, fused all along its apex, prolonged laterally into two digitiform lobes (Fig. 3G).. R. paschoali sp. nov. 10(7). Cell r1 with five to six supernumerary crossveins (Fig. 4B,D). Mid tibia with one ventroapical distinct seta. Male cerci abruptly narrowing from base to apex, bottle-shaped in dorsal view (per Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011)....... R. pluricellata 10���. Cell r1 with eight to nine supernumerary crossveins (Fig. 5A). Mid tibia with two or three ventroapical distinct seta. Male cerci trapezoidal in dorsal view (Guimar��es & Papavero, 1966)........................................ R. salesopolitana 11(3). Arista micropubescent (Fig. 8C). Wing with two well-defined spots around dm-cu and on the distal extremities of R4+5 and M (Figs 8A���B)..................................................................... N. mutica (Schiner, 1868), Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, L��via Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on page 530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1934) Nota previa sobre alguns Rhopalomeridae (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 4, 517.","Almeida, J. C. & Ale-Rocha, R. (2011) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini). Zootaxa, 2736, 44 - 56.","Guimaraes, J. H. & Papavero, N. (1966) A contribution to the knowledge of the neotropical Rhinotoridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, 18, 261 - 269.","Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair (Ed.), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Vol. 2, Part 1, Section B. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, pp. 1 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7913"]}