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A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from Ngoc Linh Mountain, Kon Tum Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam based on integrative taxonomy, namely by combining molecular and morphological evidence. Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. differs from all other congeners based on morphological data, allopatric distribution, and molecular divergence. In terms of genetic divergence, Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. distinctly differs from the sister species T. panhai (6.77%) and from T. ngarsuensis (12.36%) based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene. Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. is a moderate sized and robust salamander species with large cephalic edges, parotoids, and vertebral ridge orange in coloration. The new taxon differs from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics: size medium (SVL 60.8–66.5 mm, TL 57.6–61.8 mm in males, and SVL 72.5–75.6 mm, TL 62.9–67.9 mm in females); head longer than wide; parotoids very prominent and enlarged, projecting backwards; tail length shorter than snout-vent length; vertebral ridge large, high and glandular in appearance; 14 large and distinct dorsolateral glandular warts; gular fold present; tips of fore and hind limbs overlapping when adpressed along the body; tips of fingers reaching between eye and nostril when foreleg is laid forward; dorsal surface and lateral sides of the head, upper and lower lips, dorsolateral glandular warts, vertebral ridge, the peripheral area of the cloaca and the ventral edge of the tail orange in coloration; the presence of a distinct black line extending from the posterior end of the eye towards the shoulder. Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. is restricted to evergreen montane forests near water bodies on Ngoc Linh Mountain. We suggest that the new species should be classified as Endangered (EN) in the IUCN Red List. This new important discovery represents the eighth Tylototriton taxon described from Vietnam, and at the same time constitutes the southernmost distributional record for the whole genus in Asia.

Scoloporyptops rubiginosus C.L. Koch, 1878 Figs 2–4 Scolopocryptops rubiginosa C.L. Koch, 1878: 792; Otocryptops rubiginosus: Kraeplin, 1903: 71–72; Otocryptops rubiginosa: Attems, 1930: 259; Otocryptops rubiginosus: Chamberlin & Wang, 1952: 179; Otocryptops rubiginosa: Attems, 1953: 138; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 1995: 73; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 1998: 268; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 2001: 427; Scolopocryptops rubiginosa: Shelley, 2002: 66; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Chao, 2002: 37; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Song, Song & Zhu, 2004: 81; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 2007: 73; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Edgecombe et al., 2012: 770; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 28; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Jonishi & Nakano, 2022: 2. Material. SON LA Province, Ta Xua NR: 1 spm (SVR. TX.2019.033), regenerating forest, 21.31472°N 104.52052°E, 1555 m a.s.l., 05.10.2019, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. TX.001, SVR. TX.007), bamboo forest, 21.35278°N 104.6740°E, 777 m a.s.l., 09.02.2017, col. Le X. Son, Ha K. Loan; 1 spm (SVR. TX.005), mixed forest, 21.36528°N 104.6619°E, 831 m a.s.l., 09.022017, col. Vu T. Ha; 1 spm (SVR. TX.015), 21.33978°N 104.6898°E, 09.022017, col. Nguyen D. Hung. CAO BANG Province, Phia Oac — Phia Den NP: 1 spm (SVR. PO.020), natural forest, 22.60941°N 105.86414°E, 1709 m a.s.l., 12.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.213), natural forest, 22.600946°N 105.87015°E, 1605 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.236), mixed forest, 22.60321°N 105.87344°E, 1508 m a.s.l., 08.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.203.1), mixed forest, 22.60901°N 105.86814°E, 1596 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. A. Abramov. NGHE AN Province, Pu Hoat NR: 1 spm (SVR. PH.024), natural forest, 19.77022°N 104.78436°E, 1042 m a.s.l., 17.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PH.050), natural forest, 19.75619°N 104.78569°E, 1103 m a.s.l., 19.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. PH.073, SVR. PH.074), mixed forest, 19.77069°N 104.78408°E, 1009 m a.s.l., 25.05.2019, col. Le X. Son & Ngo T. Dung. QUANG NAM Province: 1 spm (SVR.STh.00085) Song Thanh NR, regenerated forest, 15.54008°N 107.38300°E, 1165 m a.s.l., 01.05.2019, col. Le X. Son. KON TUM Province: 1 spm (SVR.TNh.116) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.71878°N 108.31711°E, 1129 m a.s.l., 04.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.025) Thach Nham forest, natural forest, 14.75550°N 108.29761E, 1363 m a.s.l., 07.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 3 spms (SVR.TNh.028-029-030) Thach Nham forest, natural forest, 14.75397°N 108.29878E, 1350 m a.s.l., 07.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.043) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.74731°N 108.30117°E, 1256 m a.s.l., 08.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.046) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.74914°N 108.30017°E, 1241 m a.s.l., 08.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.056) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.74328°N 108.30481°E, 1213 m a.s.l., 09.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh. T3) Thach Nham forest, natural forest, 14.72544°N 108.31506°E, 1035 m a.s.l., 08.05.2015, col. Nguyen Huu Thuc; 1 spm (SVR. NL.030), Ngoc Linh NR, pine forest, 15.12594°N 107.81256°E, 1160 m a.s.l., 22.09.2019, col. Le X. Son. HA TINH Province: 1 ad (Rc 6686 in ZMMU), Vu Quang, under log. 1200 m a.s.l., 08.08.1997, col. М. V. Kalyakin; 1 ad (Rc 6738 in ZMMU), Vu Quang village, М 13, 08.1997, col. М. V. Kalyakin. Comparative material. 4 ad (Rc 7106 in ZMMU), Central China, Shaanxi Province, Panda area, Fo ping NR, 1600 m a.s.l., 06– 11.04.1999, col. V. Siniaev & A. Plutenko. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergites 8–18 with complete paramedian sutures, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs lacking setae (more rarely their distal articles setose), ultimate prefemur with two typical (ventral and dorsomedial) spinous processes. Description of adult SVR.PO.020 [data from ZMMU specimens in square brackets where it differs]. Body length 36.8 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 3.33 mm. Antennae (Figs 2 AB) composed of 17 articles (left one of 15 ones, it seems to be damaged /regenerated) of them 2 basal ones practically not setose [at least] dorsally, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 2A) nearly as long as wide, not setose, [very sparsely] and definitely punctate, marginate laterally (posterior margination absent). Forcipular segment (Fig. 2B): coxosternite, trochanteroprefemora and basal part of tarsungulae coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a [very] short median suture which reaches its middle [no more than 1/3 of coxosternite length, Fig. 2E], several transverse sutures cross the median one in anterior third of coxosternite. Anterior margin of coxosternite strongly sclerotised and definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard low lobes (so it does not look strictly straight); process of trochanteroprefemur short, with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites 1–20 sparsely punctate, tergites 21–23 not punctate. Tergite 1 with anterior transverse suture, its anterior margin covered by cephalic plate (Fig. 2A). Tergite 2 short, half as long as tergite 3. Tergites 8–18 [7–19] with complete paramedian sutures, the following tergites lacking sutures (Figs 2C, 3A). Lateral margination (Figs 2C, 3A) incomplete [nearly complete] on tergites 4–22, only tergite 23 marginate completely. Tergite 23 nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle (Fig. 4A). Tergites 2, 6–13, 15–19, 21 with some [lacking any] dark pigment (at least at posterior and lateral margins; Figs 2C, 3A). Sternites lacking paramedian sutures [with very shallow rounded depression in the center], 1–16 ones sparsely punctate (Fig. 2D), 2–20 with transverse sutures. Sternite 23 somewhat wider than long, trapeziform, its posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 4B). Coxopleuron (Figs 3A–C) densely covered by irregularly located coxal pores; coxopleural process [relatively short] long and pointed, much extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs 1–21 with monopartite tarsus; legs (Figs 2 CD, 3B) 1–22 with one tarsal spur, 1–19 with two tibial, 20–21 with one tibial and 22 lacking any spur; legs 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. All legs not setose (in some specimens, tibia and tarsus of leg 22 sparsely setose) [leg 22 with both tibia and tarsus densely setose]. Ultimate legs (Fig. 3D) not setose (in some specimens, tibia and both tarsal articles densely setose, Fig. 3E) [tibia and tarsal articles densely setose in both ZMMU specimens]; prefemur with two spinous processes of standard both structure and disposition—the larger ventral and smaller dorso-medial ones. Variability. The setosity of tibia and tarsus of legs 22 and 23 varies considerably (from the total absence of setae to the presence of very dense ones). In all IEBR specimens from Northern Vietnam, the ultimate legs are practically not setose (Fig. 3D) while in the IEBR Highland’s material as well as in ZMMU’s one (two adults Rc 6686, 6738) from Central Vietnam (Ha Tinh Province) the ultimate both tibia and tarsus are densely setose (Fig. 3E). Variability of this character may also reflect a sexual dimorphism. Remarks. According to Attems (1930) and Chao (2002), tergites 5–20 have two complete paramedian sutures, but Song et al. (2004) reported these sutures at tergites 4–21 and oblique sutures in the anterior corners of tergites 3–4. The recently studied specimens have complete paramedian sutures at tergites 8–18 (Fig. 2C). Adult Rc 6686 (ZMMU) has LBS 7 with a spiracle at right pleuron only (Fig. 2F)—this spiracle is much smaller than the well developed neighboring ones (on LBS 5 and 8, Fig. 2F) and seems to be rudimentary. The same situation was described for S. nigrimaculatus Song, Song & Zhu, 2004 in its original description. This fact reduces the systematic value of as character as the number of spiracles, reducing the difference between S. rubiginosus and S. broelemanni esulcata (see Remarks to the latter). Range. This species occurs in China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and North America (Minnesota, Wisconsin to Texas) (Shelley 2002; Chao & Chang 2003; Song et al. 2004). In Vietnam it was recorded from Vu Quang NP (Ha Tinh Province) only (Schileyko, 2007), and the present study demonstrates that it widely occurs through this country (Fig. 4)., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 414-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]","Chamberlin, R. V. and Wang, Y. H. M. (1952) Some records and Descriptions of Chilopods from Japan and oriental areas. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 177 - 188.","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The Scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountain s (North Vietnam), 1998, 262 - 270. [in Russian]","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on Chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam), 2001, 417 - 445. [in Russian]","Shelley, R. M. (2002) A synopsis of the North American centipedes of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 5, 1 - 108.","Chao, J. L. (2002) Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan. M. Sc. Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University Publ., Kaohsiung, 98 pp.","Song, Z. S., Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (2004) On a new species and a new record of the genus Scolopocryptops from China (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei], 27, 80 - 95.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02","Jonishi, T. & Nakano, T. (2022) Taxonomic accounts and phylogenetic positions of the Far East Asian centipedes Scolopocryptops elegans and S. curtus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zoological Science, 39, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 220029","Chao, J. L. & Chang, H. W. (2003) The scolopendromorpha centipedes (Chilopoda) of Taiwan. Afican Invertebrates, 44 (1), 1 - 11."]}

Scolopocryptops melanostoma Newport, 1845 Scolopocryptops melanostomus Newport, 1885: 406; Otocryptops melanostomus: Chamberlin, 1920: 10; Otocryptops melanostomus: Attems, 1930: 263; Otocryptops melanostomus: B̧cherl, 1950: 194; Otocryptops melanostomus: Attems, 1953: 146; Otocryptops melanostomus: B̧cherl, 1959: 238; Scolopocryptops melanostomus: Schileyko, 2007: 92; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Chagas, 2010: 164; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Schileyko, 2014: 154; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Schileyko & Stoev, 2016: 250; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 28. Comparative material. E Indonesia, West Papua Province, South Bird’s Neck: 1 ad (Rc 7503 in ZMMU), Kaimana 47 km E, Triton bay, environs Kamaka village, lake Kamakawalar, 03°45’33”S, 134°12’05”E, 90 m, primeval lowland rainforest on limestone, 09.09.2010, leg. M. Kalninsh; 1 ad (Rc 7504 in ZMMU), Kaimana 7–9 km NW, 25–200 m, primeval lowland rainforest on limestone, 05.09.2010, leg. D. Telnov. Diagnosis. 4–6 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate not marginate laterally; tergites 3(4)–21(22) with paramedian sutures, ultimate tergite lacks lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; femur, tibia and tarsus of the ultimate legs densely setose. Description. For morphological details see Schileyko (2014) and Schileyko & Stoev (2016) (the most recent data on this species) who described specimens from Venezuela and East Indonesia (West Papua Province) respectively. Range (by Schileyko & Stoev 2016). Mexico, Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama), Greater Antilles (Puerto Rico, Haiti), Lesser Antilles (Martinique, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad), South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil), Australasia (Fiji Islands), Indochina (Nicobar Island, Vietnam), Taiwan, Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea. Remarks. Only Attems (1953) reported this widespread species from Vietnam (Langbiang Mountains in Lam Dong Province). Attems (1953) considered the complete absence of leg’s accessory spines to be a diagnostic character for S. melanostoma, but Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 250) described the corresponding rudiments (recognizable at x85 magnification) in material from West Papua. In fact, the main diagnostic character of this species is the absence of any lateral margination of the tergites, including the ultimate., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on page 432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Chamberlin, R. V. (1920) The Myriapoda of the Australian Region. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 64, 1 - 269.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02"]}

Scolopocryptops hoanglieni n. sp. Figs 11–13 Locus typicus. Hoang Lien NP, Lao Cai Province, Northwestern Vietnam. Material. LAO CAI Province, Hoang Lien NP, natural forest: Holotype (SVR.HL.002), 22.35063°N 103.77477°E, 1927 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Do T. Thinh; 2 Paratypes (SVR.HL.007, SVR.HL.008), 22.34563°N 103.77552°E, 2004 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (HL. 133 in VAST), 22.34603°N 103.7777°E, 2000 m a.s.l., 29.11.2018, col. Nguyen Duc Hung; Bat Xat NR, mixed bamboo forest, 22.6158°N 103.6359°E, 1686 m a.s.l., 1 spm (BX.026), 18.10.2018, col. Sung A. De. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergites lacking paramedian sutures, tergites 6–20 with a well-developed “drop-like” longitudinal median depression, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs not setose, ultimate prefemur with two typical (ventral and dorso-medial) spinous processes. Description of the adult holotype SVR.HL.002. Body length 35.3 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 2.7 mm. Antennae (Figs 11 AB) composed of 17 antennomeres of them 2 basal ones not setose, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 11A) as long as wide, sparsely punctuate and marginate laterally, posterior margination absent. Forcipular coxosternite (Fig. 11B): coxosternite and basal part of trochanteroprefemora coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle, some transverse sutures cross the median one in anterior third of coxosternite. Strongly sclerotised anterior margin of coxosternite definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites lacking paramedian sutures, sparsely punctuate; anterior margin of tergite 1 covered by cephalic plate. Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 4–22 (Figs 11 CD, 13B), only tergite 23 marginate completely (Figs 12 BC). Tergites 6–20 with a long (quasi-complete) “drop-like” longitudinal median depression which expanded to tergal posterior end (Figs 11 CD, 13B) and is bordered by paramedian keels. Tergite 23 (Fig. 12B) nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites lacking paramedian sutures, trapeziform, with many transverse / oblique sutures (Figs 11B, 12A–D). Sternite 23 (Fig. 12D) trapeziform, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 12 CD) densely covered by irregularly located pores; coxopleural process pointed and long, extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs (Figs 11D, 12A–C) 1–21 with 1 tarsal spur; 1–19 with two tibial spurs, 20–21 with 1 tibial spur; leg 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate legs (Fig. 12E) not setose; prefemur with two spinous processes—very large ventral one and much smaller dorso-medial one, both disposed nearly at prefemur’s middle. Variability. Incomplete lateral margination is from tergite 2 in specimen SVR.HL.007 and longitudinal median depression is present on tergite 2-22 in specimens SVR.HL.008 and BX.026. Etymology. Named after Hoang Lien NP—the type locality of this species. Remarks. S. hoanglieni has a much thinner body than its congeners. The new species definitely differs from S. rubiginosus by the absence (vs. presence) of tergal paramedian sutures and from S. capillipedatus by not setose ultimate legs (vs. densely setose ultimate both tibia and tarsus). The new species is relatively similar to S. spinicaudus in the absence of tergal paramedian sutures and not setose ultimate legs, but is easily distinguished from the latter by tergites with a very characteristic longitudinal depression (Fig. 11C) which character seems to be unique, at least within Scolopocryptopinae.

Scolopocryptops broelemanni esulcata Attems, 1938 Figs 14–16 Scolopocryptops broelemanni esulcata Attems, 1938: 338; Scolopocryptops broelemanni esulcata: Attems, 1953: 138; Dinocryptops broelemanni esulcata: Schileyko, 1995: 73; Dinocryptops broelemanni esulcata: Schileyko, 2007: 92. Locus typicus. Southern Vietnam, Lam Dong Province, Lang Biang (= Langbiang) Mountain, 1500 m a.s.l., coll. C. Dawydoff. Material. LAM DONG Province: collected in locus typicus, (sub)adult syntypes 1 and 2 (MY 2063 in NHMW) and 1 adult non-type spm (MY 8714 in NHMW). Diagnosis. The only Vietnamese Scolopocryptops with spiracles on LBS 7 (diagnostic character of the former genus Dinocryptops). The original description (direct translation by the second author). “Body length 24 mm. Cephalic plate marginate laterally. Tergite 1 with well-developed anterior transverse suture, anterior margin of tergite 1 covered by cephalic plate. Ultimate tergite lacks median suture, with a single rounded depression in posterior third; this tergite has definite lateral margination and characteristic small pointed process at each posterior corner. Legs 1–21 with one tarsal spur, 1–20 with two tibial spurs, leg 21 with a single tibial one, leg 22 lacking spurs. In all other characters/ moments corresponds to the detailed description of S. broelemanni by Brolemann”. Composite re-description of two syntypes MY 2063 (NHMW). Antennae) composed of 17 articles (in not damaged antenna) of them 2 basal ones dorsally (Figs 14A, 15A) and 1 basal ventrally (Figs 14B, 15B) with the single long setae, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate virtually as long as wide, very sparsely setose, with very definite lateral and less developed posterior margination (Figs 14 AF, 15A). Forcipular segment (Figs 14B, 15B): anterior half of coxosternite with a few hardly visible transverse sutures (median one is not recognizable). Anterior margin of coxosternite visibly sclerotised and definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard low lobes, so it does not look straight; process of trochanteroprefemur short; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergite 1 with anterior transverse suture, its anterior margin covered by cephalic plate (Figs 14A, 15A). Tergite 2 short, half (or somewhat less) as long as tergite 3. Tergal paramedian sutures not recognizable (Figs 14C, 15C). Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 4–10(11) (Fig. 14D) and nearly complete on following tergites, only tergite 23 marginate completely (Fig. 15D). Tergite 23 nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites lacking sutures, with very shallow rounded depression in the center (Fig. 15E). Sternite 23 tongueshaped, its rounded posterior margin slightly concave in the middle (Figs 14E, 15F). LBS 7 with a pair of standardly developed spiracles (Figs 14D, 15E). Coxopleuron (Figs 14E, 15F) covered by irregularly located coxal pores of various sizes. Coxopleural processes conical, very short (much shorter than sternite 23) and diverging slightly, they visibly extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23 (Fig. 15D). Posterior margin of pleuron forming an acute angle, its tip definitely pointed (Fig. 14E). Legs 1–21 with monopartite tarsus (Fig. 15E); legs 1–21 with one tarsal and two tibial spurs and 22 lacking any spur (Fig. 14E) legs 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. All legs practically not setose. Ultimate legs not setose; prefemur (Figs 14 CE) with two spinous processes of standard both structure and disposition—the larger ventral and smaller dorso-medial ones. Variability. In syntype 1 both sternite 23 and the coxopleural process are relatively longer than in syntype 2 (cf. Figs 14E and 15F). The ultimate legs are attached only in syntype 1. Range. Known from the type locality only. Remarks. S. broelemanni esulcata is known only from three specimens kept in NHMW, collected by C. Dawydoff in the Lang Biang Mountains (Fig. 16). S. broelemanni esulcata is the only Vietnamese member of the former genus Dinocryptops which name has been synonymised with Scolopocryptops by Edgecombe et al. (2012: 777–778) based on both morphology and molecular analysis (this synonymy has been omitted by Bonato et al. 2016). The study of digital images of both syntypes showed that they have well developed (not rudimentary) spiracles on LBS 7 (Figs 14D, 15E)—the only diagnostic character of former Dinocryptops. New data on the occasional presence of spiracles on LBS 7 (Fig. 2F, 6D) in both S. rubiginosus and S. spinicaudus reduce the difference between them and S. broelemanni esulcata. Thus, a character such as the number of spiracles must be used with much care (when used alone) to reliably identify Scolopocryptops species. Discussion on validity of S. broelemanni esulcata. Available data on this subspecies are scarce; the original description is very short and incomplete, lacking both illustrations and information about some diagnostic characters (number of glabrous basal antennal articles, presence/conditions of tergal sutures, pilosity of distal articles of the ultimate legs etc.). Judging from the digital images, the NHMW specimens fit the descriptions of S. broelemanni Kraepelin, 1903 by Kraepelin (1903: 77) and Attems (1930: 256) well. In the original description of S. broelemanni esulcata Attems (1938: 338) indicated, that this subspecies is, on the whole, very similar to S. broelemanni, differing from the latter mainly in the absence (vs. presence) of the median suture on the ultimate tergite. This character is present in various groups of scolopendromorphs (Scolopendridae, Plutoniumidae, Scolopocryptopinae), being species-specific for the overwhelming majority of their species. Digital images of three NHMW specimens do not recognize this suture (Fig. 15D), so they are fully consistent with S. broelemanni esulcata. There is also a significant geographical distance between the range of S. broelemanni esulcata (Southern Vietnam), and the nominotypical subspecies described from “Chou-San” (Zhoushan, formerly romanized as Chusan, Zhejiang Province in East China). Summing up, we consider S. broelemanni esulcata Attems, 1938 to be a valid subspecies, but its taxonomic status may be changed by examining representative relevant material. In 2005, NHMW specimens were examined by Amazons Chagas Junior, who identified them as “ Dinocryptops brolemanni (sic!) (Kraepelin, 1903)” (Fig. 14G). In his PhD thesis Chagas (2008) proposed the synonymy of S. broelemanni esulcata to S. broelemanni broelemanni and considered (p. 100) both of them as representative(s) of some new (but unnamed) genus—“Gen. Nov. 1” (any nomenclatural acts proposed there have no formal status— disclaimer to dissertation). He referred to both of these subspecies as “Gen. Nov. 1 broelemanni (Kraepelin, 1903) Comb. nova” (p. 101), but also as “ Dinocryptops broelemanni ” (pp. 25, 27 etc). Considering both subspecies to be the same form, Chagas (2008: 101) gave a composite description of the NHMW specimens as well as one specimen of Scolopocryptops broelemanni broelemanni from “ Guangdong Sheng, Nanking” (actually Nanking or Nanjing is disposed in Jiangsu Province, not in Guangdong Province) kept in National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C.) (No 31325, “Cook & Loomis, 23-X-1919 ”). This description is sufficiently detailed, but there are no data on the presence or absence of a median suture on tergite 23, a diagnostic character of S. broelemanni esulcata (it is clearly seen in the corresponding figure 27f on p. 183 that tergite 23 is devoid of this suture). In discussing the validity of S. broelemanni esulcata Chagas (2008: 138) wrote that both subspecies share common characters such as a spiracle on LBS 7 and lateral margination of the cephalic plate, but again omitted the diagnostic character mentioned above. Thus the synonymy proposed by Chagas (2008) remains in question., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 432-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Attems, C. (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, New Series, 6 (2), 187 - 353.","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The Scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Bonato, L., Chagas-Jr., A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: https: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 18 February 2021)","Kraepelin, K. (1903) Revision der Scolopendriden. Mitteilungen aus dem naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 20, 1 - 276.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]"]}

Scolopocryptops spinicaudus Wood, 1862 Figs 5–7 Scolopocryptops spinicauda Wood, 1862: 39; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus spinicaudus: Bollman, 1893: 178; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus [in part]: Attems, 1930: 260; Otocryptops sexspinosus: Chamberlin & Wang, 1952: 179; Schileyko, 1992: 8; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus: Schileyko, 1995: 75; Scolopocryptops sp.: Schileyko, 1998: 263; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus: Schileyko, 2001: 427; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Shelley, 2002: 72; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus: Chao, 2002: 38; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Song, Song & Zhu, 2004: 83; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Schileyko, 2007: 73; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 29; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Xiao, Chen & Di, 2021: 87. Scolopocryptops spinicauda: Edgecombe et al., 2012: 770; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Jonishi & Nakano, 2022: 4. Material. CAO BANG Province, Phia Oac — Phia Den NP: 1 spm (SVR. PO.014), natural forest, 22.59842°N 105.89417°E, 1371m a.sl., 10.07.2017, col. Le X.Son; 1spm(SVR. PO.018), natural forest, 22.61319°N 105.86698°E, 1803 m a.s.l., 12.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.038), natural forest, 22.61414°N 105.86822°E, 1750 m a.s.l., 13.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.051), mixed forest, 22.60610°N 105.87730°E, 1610 m a.s.l., 15.07.2017, col. Le X.Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.061), natural forest, 22.60610°N 105.87730°E, 1541 m a.s.l., 16.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.064), natural forest, 22.60644°N 105.87550°E, 1667 m a.s.l., 18.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. PO.073, SVR. PO.077), bamboo forest, 22.61497°N 105.86206°E, 1855 m a.s.l., 18.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.00139), natural forest, 22.60856°N 105.86458°E, 1694 m a.s.l., 04.06.2018, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.153), mixed forest, 22.60625°N 105.86775°E, 1633 m a.s.l., 05.06.2018, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.202), mixed forest, 22.60901°N 105.87074°E, 1596 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.205), mixed forest, 22.60892°N 105.87064°E, 1595 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. PO.211, SVR. PO.212), natural forest, 22.60935°N 105.87027°E, 1604 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.234), mixed forest, 22.60321°N 105.87344°E, 1508 m a.s.l., 08.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.247), pine forest, 22.58684°N 105.85835°E, 1008 m a.s.l., 10.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.125), bamboo forest, 22.61342°N 105.8648°E, 1848 m a.s.l., 03.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 8 spms (SVR. PO.002–009), mixed forest, 22.60836°N 105.86978°E, 1611 m a.s.l., 08.2020, col. Nguyen D. Anh. SON LA Province: 1 spm (SVR. TX.017) Ta Xua NR, regenerating forest, 21.32525°N 104.52722°E, 1417 m a.s.l., 05.10.2019, col. Le X. Son. QU ẢNG NAM Province, Song Thanh NR: 1 spm (SVR.STh.101), natural forest, 15.57269°N 107.35642°E, 1038 m a.s.l., 03.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.STh.102), natural forest, 15.57181°N 107.40994°E, 1007 m a.s.l., 03.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.STh.122), regenerating forest, 15.53931°N 107.38408°E, 1144m a.s.l., 04.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.STh.132), regenerating forest, 15.54053°N 107.38272°E, 1154 m a.s.l., 09.05.2019, col. Le X. Son. VINH PHUC Province, Tam Dao: 2 spms (Rc 6341 in ZMMU), 1000–1200 m, subtropical forest, 18.08.- 04.09.1989, col. D. Popkov; 4 juv (Rc 6343 in ZMMU), 800–1200 m, subtropical montane forest, 12– 22.04.1986., col. S.I. Golovatch & L.N. Medvedev. GIA LAI Province: 1 ad (Rc 6432 in ZMMU), An Khe, environs of Buon Luoi Biological Station, tropical forest, litter, 12.1989, col. Y. M. Zaitsev. LAO CAI Province: 2 spms (Rc 6614, 6615 in ZMMU), Sa Pa District, 6-8 km W of Sa Pa, 1800 m a.s.l., rotten logs with soil inside, 07– 11.12.1996, col. M. V. Kalyakin; 1 ad + 1 juv (Rc 7165 in ZMMU), Hoang Lien NP, ca 2000 m a.s.l., subtropical forest, 16– 30.07.2007, col. S.I. Golovatch. LAM DONG Province, Bi Doup — Nui Ba NP, environs of Long Lanh: 1 ad + 1 sad (Rc 7225 in ZMMU), Exped. Rus-Viet. Trop. Cent., 1400–1900 m a.s.l., 01– 22.04.2008, col. D. Fedorenko; 6 spms (Rc 7497 in ZMMU), 12°10’44’’N 108°40’44’’E, 1400–1600 m a.s.l., 28.04– 10.05.2009, col. D. Fedorenko. Comparative material. Japan, Honshu, Nagano-ken, Sanada-cho, Sugadaira, 1 spm (Rc 6503 in ZMMU), 22– 24.06.1994, col. O. Gorbunov & J. Arita. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae dorsally; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergal paramedian sutures absent, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs lacking setae (more rarely their distal articles setose), ultimate prefemur with two spinous processes of typical both structure and disposition. Description of adult SVR.PO.202 [data on ZMMU material in square brackets where it differs]. Body length 35.6 [up to 60] mm, width of LBS 10 ca 3.56 mm. Antennae (Figs 5 AB) composed of 17 articles of them 2 basal ones very sparsely setose dorsally [2 dorsally and 4.5-5.5 laterally, Fig. 5E], following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 5A) nearly as long as wide, sparsely [deeply and densely] punctuate and marginate laterally, posterior margination absent. Forcipular segment (Fig. 5B): coxosternite, trochanteroprefemora and the base of tarsungulae coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle, a few transverse sutures cross median one in anterior third of coxosternite [all these sutures are poorly developed in not full-grown specimens]. Anterior margin of coxosternite strongly sclerotised, practically stright and is definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small, with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites 1–20 sparsely [densely and strongly] punctate, tergites 21-23 not punctate; tergite 1 with anterior margin covered by the cephalic plate, tergite 2 short, as long as 1/3 of tergite 3 (Fig. 5A). All tergites lacking complete paramedian sutures (Figs 5 DF). Incomplete lateral margination at tergites 5–22 [nearly complete at tergites (10)16– 22, Fig. 5F], only tergite 23 marginate completely. Tergite 23 nearly as long as wide [and with a narrow longitudinal depression in posterior half], its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites 2–20 (Figs 5 BC) sparsely [densely and strongly] punctuate, with some transverse sutures near posterior margin; sternite 23 (Fig. 6B) trapeziform and much narrower than penultimate one, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 6 AB) densely covered by irregularly located pores [coxal pore field long and wide, reaching both sternite 22 and coxopleuron’s posterior margin]; sharply pointed coxopleural process relatively short, slightly extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs 1–21 with monopartite tarsus; legs (Figs 5 BC, 6AB) 1–22 [1–21] with one tarsal spur, 1–20 [1–19(21)] with two tibial spurs, 21–22 with one tibial spur; legs 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. All legs not setose. Ultimate legs (Figs 6A–C) not setose (sparsely setose in a few specimens) [in some specimens tibia and tarsus densely setose, Fig. 6E]; basal part of prefemur with two typical spinous processes—the larger ventral and the smaller dorso-medial ones. Variability. ZMMU specimens (collected in Vinh Phuc, Gia Lai, Lao Cai and Lam Dong Provinces; Schileyko 1995: 74) have the maximal body length up to 60 mm (one of two adults Rc 6341 from Tam Dao), being much larger than IEBR material (recently collected in Cao Bang, Son La and Quang Nam Provinces); in other respects, all studied specimens are very similar. Remarks. Attems (1930: 260) wrote that S. sexspinosus (Say, 1821) (actually S. spinicaudus in part) has all antennal articles setose which data have been confirmed by Chao (2002) based on Taiwanese material. However, in all studied specimens from both IEBR and ZMMU two basal antennal articles are definitely not setose (Figs 5 AB). Schileyko (2007: 74) wrote in Remarks to this species: “Based on all taxonomic characters, the above specimens fit well Shinohara’s [1990] concept of Scolopocryptops nipponicus, a species synonymised with S. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 by Shelley [2002] ”. In some ZMMU specimens (one of six adults of Rc 7497, adult Rc 7225, adult Rc 6342, adult + juvenille Rc 7165) tarsus and tibia (and sometimes femur) of the ultimate legs are covered by quite long and well-developed setae (Fig. 6E) which are slightly less dense at femur comparing to more distal articles. As these setae are present only in a few specimens of the same sample (for example in Rc 7497 of four adults which kept the ultimate legs, only one specimen has these legs setose) one can suppose them to be, very probably, a result of the sexual dimorphism. The recent literature (Qiao et al. 2021) states that a “lack” of tergal paramedian sutures (in fact a lack of the complete ones) is the main diagnostic character to distinguish S. spinicaudus from S. rubiginosus. In fact, all IEBR material as well as the majority of ZMMU specimens of S. spinicaudus do not have these sutures (except for extremely short rudiments at very anterior and posterior margins of practically all tergites). However at least two adults of this species (both of ZMMU)—the largest (ca 50 mm) one of Rc 7497 and large (ca 40 mm) one Rc 6342—demonstrate tergites 4(8)–(18)21 with well-developed but incomplete (i.e. somewhat interrupted in the middle) paramedian sutures (Fig. 6F). Thus S. spinicaudus and S. rubiginosus differ from each other less than it was thought before. Also, the recent authors (for example Song et al. 2004) wrote that tergites of S. spinicaudus have “incomplete” lateral margination, but re-investigation of the ZMMU material, made by the second author, demonstrates this margination to be practically complete (at least in LBS of posterior body half, Fig. 5F). This fact supports as well the closest similarity of this species and S. rubiginosus, thus the further analyses may possibly show an identity of two these species. Another noteworthy point is that the largest adult of the mentioned above Rc 7497 (ZMMU) has a pair of the well (!) developed spiracles on LBS 7 (Fig. 6D); thus this specimen seems to be quite similar to S. broelemanni esulcata. Also this fact much reduces taxonomical value of such character as the number of spiracle pairs (at least in the genus Scolopocryptops). Range. Canada, Southern USA, Mexico, Korea, Japan, China (Attems 1930, Shelley 2002, Schileyko 2007). In Vietnam (Fig. 7) this species occurs from Northern to Central regions (Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc and Gia Lai Provinces; Schileyko 2007)., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 419-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Bollman, C. H. (1893) The Myriapoda of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 46, 1 - 210.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]","Chamberlin, R. V. and Wang, Y. H. M. (1952) Some records and Descriptions of Chilopods from Japan and oriental areas. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 177 - 188.","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Vietnam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The Scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountain s (North Vietnam), 1998, 262 - 270. [in Russian]","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on Chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam), 2001, 417 - 445. [in Russian]","Shelley, R. M. (2002) A synopsis of the North American centipedes of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 5, 1 - 108.","Chao, J. L. (2002) Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan. M. Sc. Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University Publ., Kaohsiung, 98 pp.","Song, Z. S., Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (2004) On a new species and a new record of the genus Scolopocryptops from China (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei], 27, 80 - 95.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02","Xiao, S. Q., Chen, H. M. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops longipes sp. nov., a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5082 (1), 87 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5082.1.8","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Jonishi, T. & Nakano, T. (2022) Taxonomic accounts and phylogenetic positions of the Far East Asian centipedes Scolopocryptops elegans and S. curtus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zoological Science, 39, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 220029","Shinohara, K. (1990) A new species of the genus Scolopocryptops (Chilopoda: Cryptopidae) from Japan. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 41, 62 - 65."]}

Scolopocryptops capillipedatus (Takakuwa, 1938) Figs 8–10 Otocryptops capillipedatus Takakuwa, 1938: 297; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Chao, 2002: 33; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Chao & Chang, 2008: 14; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 28; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Jonishi & Nakano, 2022: 3. Material. CAO BANG Province, Phia Oac — Phia Den NP: 1 spm (SVR. PO.002), natural forest, 22.60047°N 105.88313°E, 1325m a.s.l., 09.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.005), natural forest, 22.59875°N 105.89417°E, 1452m a.s.l., 10.07.2017, col. Le X. Son. VINH PHUC Province, Tam Dao NP: 1 spm (SVR. TD.002), bamboo forest, 21.45378°N 105.6491°E, 1029 m a.s.l., 08.6.2018, col. Nguyen D. Hung; 2 spms (SVR. TD.008, SVR. TD.009), bamboo forest, 21.45758°N 105.6523°E, 977 m a.s.l., 08.8.2018, col. Nguyen D. Hung. NGHE AN Province, Pu Hoat NR:2 spms(SVR. PH.011, SVR. PH.012), natural forest, 19.75372°N 104.78836°E, 985 m a.s.l., 16.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PH.048), natural forest, 19.75542°N 104.78569°E, 1079 m a.s.l., 19.05.2019, col. Le X. Son. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles sparsely setose; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergal paramedian sutures absent, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs with the distal articles densely setose and femur setose, ultimate prefemur with two typical (larger ventral and smaller dorsomedial) spinous processes. Description of adult SVR. PH.048. Body length 34.4 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 3.27 mm. Antennae composed of 17 articles, of them 2 basal ones sparsely setose, following articles densely covered by minute setae (Figs 8 AB). Cephalic plate (Fig. 8A) nearly round, not setose, definitely punctate and marginate laterally, lacking posterior margination. Forcipular segment (Fig. 8B): coxosternite, trochanteroprefemora and the basal part of tarsungulae coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle; some transverse sutures cross the median one at anterior third of coxosternite. Anterior margin of coxosternite strongly sclerotised and is definitely divided by a median diastema into two very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites (Figs 8A, C, 9A) lacking paramedian sutures, not punctate, anterior margin of tergite 1 slightly covered by cephalic plate (Fig. 8A), tergite 2 very short, as long as 1/3–1/2 of tergite 3. Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 5–22, tergite 23 marginate completely. Tergite 23 (Fig. 9A) nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites (Figs 8B, D, 9C) lacking paramedian sutures, 2–17 ones sparsely punctate; sternites 2–19 with several transverse sutures. Sternite 23 (Fig. 9C) wider than long, tongue-shaped, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 9 BC) densely covered by irregularly located pores; coxopleural process pointed and comparatively short, slightly extending over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs (Figs 8B–D, 9C) 1–21 with one tarsal spur, 1–19 with two tibial spurs, 20–21 with one tibial spur; leg 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate legs (Fig. 9D): prefemur and femur sparsely setose, tibia and tarsus densely setose; prefemur with two typical spinous processes—the larger ventral and the smaller dorso-medial. Variability. Studied eight specimens show no visible variations. Range. This species was originally described from Korea by Takakuwa (1938), and recorded from Japan (Miyoshi 1982) and Taiwan (Chao 2002; Chao & Chang 2003); this is the first record of S. capillipedatus from Vietnam (Fig. 10). Remarks. The studied IEBR specimens fit well with Taiwanese material described by Chao (2002); however, this species is extremely close to S. spinicaudus in all morphological aspects except for the presence of “dense” (vs “sparse” in S. spinicaudus) setae on the ultimate both tibia and tarsus. It should be noted, that some (not all) specimens of S. spinicaudus (kept in both ZMMU and IEBR) have ultimate tarsus, tibia and (rarely) femur densely setose (Fig. 6E), sharing the main diagnostic character of S. capillipedatus. This fact deletes any real (i.e. morphological) differences between these two species except for the presence (vs. the virtual absence) of the sparse setae at two basal antennal articles in S. capillipedatus and the slight difference in shape of the ultimate sternite (tongue-shaped vs. trapeziform in S. spinicaudus). Thus, the recent identificational Scolopocryptops keys (Chao 2002, Chao & Chang 2003, 2008, Qiao et al 2021, Xiao et al 2021) do not allow to distinguish reliably “ S. capillipedatus ” from S. spinicaudus. Summing up, we consider S. capillipedatus as questionable (“molecular”) species with validity not supported reliably by morphology (see couplet 5 in the key below). At the moment we kept S. capillipedatus as a valid name because of shortage of the investigated material, but the further analyses will highly likely show its identity to S. spinicaudus., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 424-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Takakuwa, Y. (1938) Eine neue Otocryptops - Art aus Korea. Zoological Magazine, 50 (6), 297 - 298.","Chao, J. L. (2002) Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan. M. Sc. Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University Publ., Kaohsiung, 98 pp.","Chao, J. L. & Chang, H. W. (2008) Neotype designation for two centipedes, Scolopocryptops curtus (Takakuwa, 1939) and Cryptops nigropictus Takakuwa, 1936, and a review of species of Scolopendromorpha in Taiwan. Collection and Research, 21, 1 - 15.","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02","Jonishi, T. & Nakano, T. (2022) Taxonomic accounts and phylogenetic positions of the Far East Asian centipedes Scolopocryptops elegans and S. curtus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zoological Science, 39, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 220029","Miyoshi, Y. (1982) Chilopoda. In: Kanda, N. (Ed.) New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 2. Hokuryukan Co., Tokyo, pp. 728 - 738. [in Japanese]","Chao, J. L. & Chang, H. W. (2003) The scolopendromorpha centipedes (Chilopoda) of Taiwan. Afican Invertebrates, 44 (1), 1 - 11.","Xiao, S. Q., Chen, H. M. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops longipes sp. nov., a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5082 (1), 87 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5082.1.8"]}

Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A., Nguyen, Anh D. (2023): A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species. Zootaxa 5228 (4): 441-447, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3

Scolopocryptops hoanglieni n. sp. Figs 11–13 Locus typicus. Hoang Lien NP, Lao Cai Province, Northwestern Vietnam. Material. LAO CAI Province, Hoang Lien NP, natural forest: Holotype (SVR.HL.002), 22.35063°N 103.77477°E, 1927 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Do T. Thinh; 2 Paratypes (SVR.HL.007, SVR.HL.008), 22.34563°N 103.77552°E, 2004 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (HL. 133 in VAST), 22.34603°N 103.7777°E, 2000 m a.s.l., 29.11.2018, col. Nguyen Duc Hung; Bat Xat NR, mixed bamboo forest, 22.6158°N 103.6359°E, 1686 m a.s.l., 1 spm (BX.026), 18.10.2018, col. Sung A. De. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergites lacking paramedian sutures, tergites 6–20 with a well-developed “drop-like” longitudinal median depression, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs not setose, ultimate prefemur with two typical (ventral and dorso-medial) spinous processes. Description of the adult holotype SVR.HL.002. Body length 35.3 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 2.7 mm. Antennae (Figs 11 AB) composed of 17 antennomeres of them 2 basal ones not setose, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 11A) as long as wide, sparsely punctuate and marginate laterally, posterior margination absent. Forcipular coxosternite (Fig. 11B): coxosternite and basal part of trochanteroprefemora coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle, some transverse sutures cross the median one in anterior third of coxosternite. Strongly sclerotised anterior margin of coxosternite definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites lacking paramedian sutures, sparsely punctuate; anterior margin of tergite 1 covered by cephalic plate. Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 4–22 (Figs 11 CD, 13B), only tergite 23 marginate completely (Figs 12 BC). Tergites 6–20 with a long (quasi-complete) “drop-like” longitudinal median depression which expanded to tergal posterior end (Figs 11 CD, 13B) and is bordered by paramedian keels. Tergite 23 (Fig. 12B) nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites lacking paramedian sutures, trapeziform, with many transverse / oblique sutures (Figs 11B, 12A–D). Sternite 23 (Fig. 12D) trapeziform, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 12 CD) densely covered by irregularly located pores; coxopleural process pointed and long, extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs (Figs 11D, 12A–C) 1–21 with 1 tarsal spur; 1–19 with two tibial spurs, 20–21 with 1 tibial spur; leg 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate legs (Fig. 12E) not setose; prefemur with two spinous processes—very large ventral one and much smaller dorso-medial one, both disposed nearly at prefemur’s middle. Variability. Incomplete lateral margination is from tergite 2 in specimen SVR.HL.007 and longitudinal median depression is present on tergite 2-22 in specimens SVR.HL.008 and BX.026. Etymology. Named after Hoang Lien NP—the type locality of this species. Remarks. S. hoanglieni has a much thinner body than its congeners. The new species definitely differs from S. rubiginosus by the absence (vs. presence) of tergal paramedian sutures and from S. capillipedatus by not setose ultimate legs (vs. densely setose ultimate both tibia and tarsus). The new species is relatively similar to S. spinicaudus in the absence of tergal paramedian sutures and not setose ultimate legs, but is easily distinguished from the latter by tergites with a very characteristic longitudinal depression (Fig. 11C) which character seems to be unique, at least within Scolopocryptopinae., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938

Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2–4) Material examined Holotype. Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province, Con Dao National Park, Hon Ba trail; 08.65026N, 106.55683E; 35 m a.s.l.; 09 Nov. 2019; Vu Thi Ha leg.; natural forest; IEBR-Chi326. Paratypes. Six specimens; the same data as for holotype; IEBR-Chi325, IEBR-Chi331, IEBR-Chi332, IEBR- Chi333, IEBR-Chi377, IEBR-Chi379. Diagnosis Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by 18 antennomeres (of them, 2.3–2.5 basal ones are glabrous); forcipular tooth plates with 3 + 3 teeth; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures; sternites with incomplete paramedian sutures; the ultimate leg with 11–15 prefemoral spines. Description Color: Antennae, head and tergites blackish blue, whereas other parts yellow. Body length, ca. 30 mm; width, LBS 10 сa. 1.2 mm. Head: Cephalic plate with an incomplete median longitudinal sulcus, puncta and setae, and lateral marginations (Fig. 1A). Antennae with 18 antennomeres, 2.3–2.5 glabrous basal ones (Fig. 2A–B). Forcipular segment: coxosternite not setose; tooth plates well-developed, completely separated; each plate with three teeth: a larger and two smaller. Trochanteroprefemur processes with two tiny or only traces of teeth (Fig. 2D). Tergites 1–4 without sutures or keels; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures (Fig. 3A presents the paramedian structure on tergites 9–10). The last tergite without sulcus (Fig. 3C). Spiracles oval, on LBS 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 (Fig. 4A presents the spiracle on segment 10). Sternites not setose; paramedian sutures incomplete; marginations absent (Fig. 3B). Ultimate sternite subtrapeziform with concave posterior margin (Fig. 3D). Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron with many large pores covering nearly all its surface (Fig. 3D); coxopleural process short, with 2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral spines (Fig. 3D). Legs long and slender. Leg 1 with 2 tarsal spurs (Fig. 4B), 1 tibial and 1 femoral spur; legs 2–20 with only 1 tarsal spur, without tibial and femoral spurs. The ultimate leg very long and slender, with 14 relatively thin prefemoral spines: 1 located on the corner, 2 dorsomedial, 7 medial and 4 ventromedial ones (Fig. 4 C-D). Variability The number of prefemoral spines varies from 11 to 15, including 1–2 dorsomedial spines, 4–7 medial spines, and 2–5 ventromedial spines. The number of coxopleural spines also varies from 2 (1 apical, 1 subapical) to 4 (2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral). Etymology Named after the “Con Son” Island, the largest island of Con Dao National Park, where type series were collected. Distribution The new species was found only in the Con Son Island, which is about 80 km from the mainland of southern Vietnam. Remarks The number of glabrous basal antennomeres is systematically important (Schileyko 1995). By having 2–2.5 ones, the new species is close to O. astenus, O. multidens, O. scaber, and O. spinosus. The new species is different from O. scaber in the absence of longitudinal tergal keels and sternites lacking (or poorly developed) paramedian sutures. Otostigmus consonensis readily differs from all the aforementioned species (except for O. astenus) in having 3 + 3 (vs. 4 + 4 or even more) teeth of forcipular tooth plates. Two other diagnostic characters are the number of antennomeres (18 vs. 17 or 19–24) and the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. more than 4), but both of them may be a subject in individual variability in Otostigmus s. str. and should not be used alone for distinguishing species in this taxon (as suggested by Schileyko et al., 2020) The new species is closely related to O. voprosus. Both have 18 antennomeres, a tooth plate with three distinct teeth, and tergites with paramedian sutures, but they can be distinguished by the number of glabrous basal antennomeres (2.3–2.5 in the new species vs. 2.5–3 in O. voprosus), the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. 5), and the number of tarsal spurs on legs 2 and 3 (2 vs. 1). The phylogenetic analysis also revealed that O. voprosus is a sister species of the new one (Fig. 9). A detailed comparison between the new species and Otostigmus species recorded in Vietnam is presented in Table 2. (Data from Schileyko (1992, 1995), Lewis (2001) and Vu et al. (2020)), Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Le, Son X., Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2022, A new species and a new record of the genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) in Vietnam, pp. 60-76 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on pages 64-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6488136, {"references":["Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), (Part 2). Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A., Vahtera, V. & Edgecombe, G. D. (2020) An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses. Zootaxa, 4825 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4825.1.1","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Lewis, J. (2001) The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 13, 5 - 51. [http: // biostor. org / reference / 102264]","Vu, T. H., Nguyen, D. H., Le, X. S., Nguyen, A. D., Eguchi, K. & Tran, T. T. B. (2020) A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4808 (3), 401 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4808.3.1"]}

Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2–4) Material examined Holotype. Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province, Con Dao National Park, Hon Ba trail; 08.65026N, 106.55683E; 35 m a.s.l.; 09 Nov. 2019; Vu Thi Ha leg.; natural forest; IEBR-Chi326. Paratypes. Six specimens; the same data as for holotype; IEBR-Chi325, IEBR-Chi331, IEBR-Chi332, IEBR- Chi333, IEBR-Chi377, IEBR-Chi379. Diagnosis Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by 18 antennomeres (of them, 2.3–2.5 basal ones are glabrous); forcipular tooth plates with 3 + 3 teeth; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures; sternites with incomplete paramedian sutures; the ultimate leg with 11–15 prefemoral spines. Description Color: Antennae, head and tergites blackish blue, whereas other parts yellow. Body length, ca. 30 mm; width, LBS 10 сa. 1.2 mm. Head: Cephalic plate with an incomplete median longitudinal sulcus, puncta and setae, and lateral marginations (Fig. 1A). Antennae with 18 antennomeres, 2.3–2.5 glabrous basal ones (Fig. 2A–B). Forcipular segment: coxosternite not setose; tooth plates well-developed, completely separated; each plate with three teeth: a larger and two smaller. Trochanteroprefemur processes with two tiny or only traces of teeth (Fig. 2D). Tergites 1–4 without sutures or keels; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures (Fig. 3A presents the paramedian structure on tergites 9–10). The last tergite without sulcus (Fig. 3C). Spiracles oval, on LBS 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 (Fig. 4A presents the spiracle on segment 10). Sternites not setose; paramedian sutures incomplete; marginations absent (Fig. 3B). Ultimate sternite subtrapeziform with concave posterior margin (Fig. 3D). Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron with many large pores covering nearly all its surface (Fig. 3D); coxopleural process short, with 2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral spines (Fig. 3D). Legs long and slender. Leg 1 with 2 tarsal spurs (Fig. 4B), 1 tibial and 1 femoral spur; legs 2–20 with only 1 tarsal spur, without tibial and femoral spurs. The ultimate leg very long and slender, with 14 relatively thin prefemoral spines: 1 located on the corner, 2 dorsomedial, 7 medial and 4 ventromedial ones (Fig. 4 C-D). Variability The number of prefemoral spines varies from 11 to 15, including 1–2 dorsomedial spines, 4–7 medial spines, and 2–5 ventromedial spines. The number of coxopleural spines also varies from 2 (1 apical, 1 subapical) to 4 (2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral). Etymology Named after the “Con Son” Island, the largest island of Con Dao National Park, where type series were collected. Distribution The new species was found only in the Con Son Island, which is about 80 km from the mainland of southern Vietnam. Remarks The number of glabrous basal antennomeres is systematically important (Schileyko 1995). By having 2–2.5 ones, the new species is close to O. astenus, O. multidens, O. scaber, and O. spinosus. The new species is different from O. scaber in the absence of longitudinal tergal keels and sternites lacking (or poorly developed) paramedian sutures. Otostigmus consonensis readily differs from all the aforementioned species (except for O. astenus) in having 3 + 3 (vs. 4 + 4 or even more) teeth of forcipular tooth plates. Two other diagnostic characters are the number of antennomeres (18 vs. 17 or 19–24) and the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. more than 4), but both of them may be a subject in individual variability in Otostigmus s. str. and should not be used alone for distinguishing species in this taxon (as suggested by Schileyko et al., 2020) The new species is closely related to O. voprosus. Both have 18 antennomeres, a tooth plate with three distinct teeth, and tergites with paramedian sutures, but they can be distinguished by the number of glabrous basal antennomeres (2.3–2.5 in the new species vs. 2.5–3 in O. voprosus), the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. 5), and the number of tarsal spurs on legs 2 and 3 (2 vs. 1). The phylogenetic analysis also revealed that O. voprosus is a sister species of the new one (Fig. 9). A detailed comparison between the new species and Otostigmus species recorded in Vietnam is presented in Table 2. (Data from Schileyko (1992, 1995), Lewis (2001) and Vu et al. (2020))

Otostigmus sulcipes Verhoeff, 1937 (Figs. 1, 5–8), Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Le, Son X., Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2022, A new species and a new record of the genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) in Vietnam, pp. 60-76 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6488136

Genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 Type species: Otostigmus carinatus Porat, 1876, by subsequent designation (Pocock, 1891a: 229). Remarks. Edgecombe & Bonato (2011) stated that the genus is recognized by the sensilla coeloconica on clypeal part of epipharynx organized as a pair of lateral clusters; spiracles round or ovate, their long axis generally oriented vertically; floor of spiracular atrium usually raised into humps; border between labral and clypeal part of epipharynx strongly curved forwards; forcipular coxosternite with tooth-plates; leg tibia and tarsi with spurs, the latter sometime in pairs; testicular vesicles oriented oblique to central deferens duct. Most importantly, this genus is distinguished from other its congeners by the leg-bearing segment 7 lacking spiracles. The genus is currently divided into three subgenera distinguished by the presence (Otostigmus) or absence (Dactylotergitius and Parotostigmus) of spines on the ultimate leg prefemur. About 120 Otostigmus species have been described and are widely distributed worldwide (Edgecombe & Bonato in Minelli 2011). The subgenus Otostigmus comprises 58 species (Lewis 2010) or 60 (Edgecombe & Bonato in Minelli 2011) distributed in Africa and the Indo-Australian region. The subgenus Otostigmus is distinguished from the two other subgenera by having spines on the ultimate leg prefemur and coxopleural process with apical spines. All currently known species in Vietnam belong to the subgenus Otostigmus., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on page 405, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Porat, C. O. von (1876) Om nagra exotiska Myriopoder. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien Handligar, 4 (7), 1 - 48.","Minelli, A. (2011) Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden and Boston, 546 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188266","Lewis, J. G. E. (2010) A key and annotated list of the Scolopendra species of the Old World with a reappraisal of Arthrorhabdus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3, 83 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525410 X 12578602960380"]}

Otostigmus amballae Chamberlin, 1913 (Figs. 8���11) Otostigmus (O.) amballae Chamberlin, 1913: 74; Attems 1930: 153; Schileyko 1992: 7; Schileyko 1995: 81, fig. 7; Schileyko 1998: 268; Schileyko 2001: 429; Schileyko 2007: 78. Material examined. SON LA Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 069) Ta Xua Natural Reserve, bamboo forests, 21.3406N��� 104.6804E, elevation of 346 m, 12 November 2017, coll. Ha Kieu Loan & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 013) same data, but 21.3491N��� 104.6947E, elevation of 810 m, 11 November 2017; HOA BINH Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 014) Thuong Tien Natural Reserve, natural forests, 20.6346N��� 105.4500E, elevation of 515 m, 31 January 2018, coll. Hoang N. Anh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 054) same locality, but 20.6331N��� 105.4503E, elevation of 564 m, 14 May 2017, coll. Hoang N. Anh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 218) same locality, but bamboo forests, elevation of 441 m; VINH PHUC Province: 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 248-249), Me Linh station for Biodiversity, regenerated forests, 21.3885N��� 105.7193E, 2-3 December 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha. Diagnosis. Body with 21 leg-bearing segments. Spiracles oval-shaped (Fig. 9C). Antennae with 17 antennomeres; first two and �� of the third glabrous; the last antennomere twice as long as previous one (Fig. 8). Tergites 3���20 with three distinct longitudinal keels, and a slightly deep depression between these keels (Fig. 9B). Sternites 2���20 with wide and shallow paramedian grooves (Fig. 9A). Coxopleural process very short, conical, with up to 2 apical spines (Figs 9B, 10A). Prefemur of the ultimate legs with 0���4 ventral spines (Fig. 10 B���C). Previous records from Vietnam. HOA BINH, QUANG NINH (Schileyko, 1992, 1995, 2007). Distribution. The species has also been reported from India, Nepal and Thailand (Attems 1930; Schileyko 2007), but it has only been found in northern Vietnam so far (Fig. 11)., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 410-411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Chamberlin, R. V. (1913) Two new otostigmi from India. Entomological News, 24, 73 - 76.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich, 54, 1 - 308.","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), (Part 2). Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. In: Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountains (North Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 262 - 270.","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. In: Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 417 - 445.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos (Part 3). Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95."]}

Otostigmus aculeatus Haase, 1887 (Figs. 2���7) Otostigmus (O.) aculeatus Haase, 1887: 71; Attems 1938: 337; Attems 1953: 138; Schileyko 1992: 7; Schileyko 1995: 83, fig. 11; Schileyko 1998: 268; Schileyko 2001: 430; Lewis 2001: 28, figs 53���58; Chao & Chang 2003: 2; Schileyko 2007: 76, fig. 2. Otostigmus (O.) ziesel Schileyko, 1992: 10, figs 2b���d; Schileyko 1995: 85, fig. 13; Schileyko 1998: 268; Schileyko 2001: 431; synonymised by Schileyko (2007). Material examined. DIEN BIEN Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 074) Muong Nhe Natural Reserve, bamboo forests, 20.7091N��� 104.6869���E, 14 June 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Hung & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 076) same locality, but mixed forests, 20.7108N��� 104.6869E, elevation of 673 m, 14 May 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Hung & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 179) same locality, residential area, pitfall trapping, 11 January 2017, coll. Nguyen D. Hung & Le X. Son; SON LA Province: 6 specimens (IEBR-Chi 061, 063-067) Ta Xua Natural Reserve, natural forests, 20.7108N��� 20.7108E, elevation of 400 m, 9 February 2017, coll. Ha Kieu Loan & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 070) same locality, but bamboo forests, 21.3491N��� 104.6947E, elevation of 810 m, 11 November 2017, coll. Ha Kieu Loan & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 072) same data, but 20.3437N��� 104.6802E, elevation of 515 m, 13 November 2017; HOA BINH Province: 3 specimens (IEBR-Chi 049, 222, 229) Thuong Tien Natural Reserve, natural forest, 21.6357N��� 105.4490E, elevation of 443 m, 31 January 2018, coll. Hoang N. Anh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 050) same data, but 20.6346N��� 105.4500E, elevation of 515 m; 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 227, IEBR-Chi 228) but 20.6287N��� 105.4340E, elevation of 509 m, 30 January 2018, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; 5 specimens (IEBR-Chi 051, IEBR-Chi 231, IEBR-Chi 235, IEBR-Chi 233, IEBR-Chi 234) same data, but 20.6400N��� 105.4440E, elevation of 295 m, 12 May 2017, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 232) same data, but 20.6378N��� 105.4467E, elevation of 357 m, 14 May 2017, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 060) same data, but 20.6231N��� 105.4298E, elevation of 586 m, 30 May 2017, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; VINH PHUC Province: 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 129, IEBR-Chi 130), Me Linh station for biodiversity, regenerated forests, 21.3973N��� 105.7130E, 9 September 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha; 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 250, IEBR-Chi 253) same locality, Eucalyptus forests, 21.3833N��� 105.7126E, 2 December 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 254), Me Linh station for Biodiversity, regenerated forests, 21.3885N��� 105.7193E, 2-3 December 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 035) same locality, mixed forests, 21.3992N��� 105.7241E, 9 July 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; 4 specimens (IEBR- Chi 011, 099, 103, 118) same locality, regenerated forests, 10���17 September 2016, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 094) same data, but 8���18 April 2014, pitfall trapping, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; QUANG NINH Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 239) Bai Tu Long National Park, Sau Nam Island (21.1784N��� 107.6646E), natural forests, 22 February 2012, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; BAC GIANG Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 012) Son Dong District, Tay Yen Tu Natural Reserve, Khe Ro station (21.3436N- 106.9698E)), natural forests, 17���18 May 2013, coll. Phung T.H. Luong; HAI PHONG Province: 8 specimens (IEBR-Chi 242, 244, 021, 022, 009, 183, 194, 245) Cat Ba National Park, natural forests, 20.7984N��� 106.9994E, 18 March 2012, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; NINH BINH Province: 4 specimens (IEBR-Chi 020, 088, 089, 090) Cuc Phuong National Park, natural forests, ���Nguoi Xua Cave, 21���22 September 2016, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 093) same locality, but 20.3217N��� 109.6081���E, 28 July���2 August 2017, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; NGHE AN Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 240) Pu Mat National Park, natural forests, 19.0799N��� 104.6371E, 4���10 April 2011, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; QUANG BINH Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 237) Son Trach District, Cha Noi Commune, limestone forests, 17.6432N��� 106.1019E, 16���19 February 2012, coll. Pham H. Phong; QUANG NGAI Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 193) Ly Son island, An Binh commune (15.4289N- 109.0811E), natural forests, 8 August 2017, coll. Dang T. Hoa; QUANG NAM Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 255) Song Thanh Natural Reserve (15.6700N��� 107.7188E), natural forests, elevation of 1,000 m, 11 January 2019, coll. Le X. Son; DAK LAK Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 172) Kon Ka Kinh National Park (14.2589N��� 108.3794E), natural forests, elevation of 920���1,200 m, 12 May 2016, coll. Le X. Son; DONG NAI Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 156) Cat Tien National Park, natural forests, on the way to Bau Sau, 11.4533N��� 107.3658E, elevation of 180 m, 10���11 July 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Anh. Diagnosis. Body with 21 leg-bearing segments. Spiracles oval-shaped (Fig. 2D). Antennae with 17 antennomeres including 3 basal smoothly glabrous ones (Fig. 2 A���B). Coxosternal plate with 4+4 teeth (Fig. 2B). Paramedian grooves distinct on both tergites and sternites (Fig. 3 A���B). Coxopleural process long, conical, with 5���7 apical spines (Figs 3 C���D, 5A���B, 6A���B). Prefemur of the ultimate legs with numerous spines arranged in rows (Figs 4 A���B, 5C, 6C). Previous records from Vietnam. QUANG NINH (Hon Gai, Ha Long); HAI PHONG (Cat Ba NP); HA NOI (Ba Vi NP); HOA BINH (Mai Chau District); VINH PHUC (Tam Dao NP); NINH BINH (Cuc Phuong NP); QUANG NAM (Cu Lao Cham Island); KON TUM (Buon Luoi); GIA LAI (An Khe District); DONG NAI (Ma Da; Cat Tien NP); Tho Chu Island; (Attems, 1938, 1953; Schileyko, 1992, 1995, 2007). Distribution. Also known from Laos, Indonesia (Java), Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China (Chao & Chang 2003; Schileyko 2007). Remarks. The species is widely distributed in Vietnam (Fig. 7). Otostigmus aculeatus varies remarkably in shape and chaetotaxic pattern of prefemoral spines of the ultimate leg. Based on the number of spines on coxopleural process and on prefemur of the ultimate leg, it can be divided into three morphological types. The first type has coxopleural process with 4 apical, 3 subapical and 1 dorsal spine, no lateral ones (Fig. 5 A���B). Prefemur of the ultimate leg has 1 corner, 3���4 dorsomedial, 6���8 medial, 8���9 ventromedial, and 5 ventrolateral spines���all spines are arranged in lines, but the dorsomedial and ventrolateral spines are big whereas medial and ventromedial ones are small (Fig. 5C). The second type has coxopleural process with 4 apical, 2���3 subapical, 1 lateral and 1 dorsal spine (Fig. 6 A���B). Prefemur of the ultimate leg has numerous small spines which are not arranged in lines (Fig. 6C). The last type has coxopleural process with 5���6 apical, 1 subapical, 1 dorsal spine, no lateral ones (Fig. 3 C���D). Prefemur of the ultimate leg has 1 corner, 3���4 dorsomedial, 5���8 medial, 7���8 ventromedial and 4���5 ventrolateral spines. These spines are big and arranged in lines (Fig. 4). These types were sometimes found in the same locality, e.g. Me Linh or Thuong Tien. The three types also formed different lineages in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 40). The differences may suggest that different species may be separated from O. aculeatus., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 405-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Haase, E. (1887) Die Indisch-Australischen Myriopoden. Pt. I. Chilopoden. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und. Anthropologisch- Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 5, 1 - 118.","Attems, C. (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch-Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, New Series, 6, 187 - 353.","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), (Part 2). Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. In: Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountains (North Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 262 - 270.","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. In: Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 417 - 445.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2001) The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 13, 5 - 51.","Chao, J. - L. & Chang, H. - W. (2003) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Taiwan. African Invertebrates, 44 (1), 1 - 11.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos (Part 3). Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95."]}

Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 (Figs. 32���35) Otostigmus (O.) spinosus Porat, 1876: 22; Attems 1930: 152, fig. 182; Schileyko 2001: 433; Lewis 2001: 37, figs 75���78; Schileyko 2007: 81, fig. 5; Decker, 2013: 18. Material examined. GIA LAI Province: 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 178) Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Krong village (14.2796N��� 108.4583E), natural forests, elevation of 660 m, 17���18 May 2017, coll. Nguyen D. Anh. Diagnosis. Body with 21 leg-bearing segments. Spiracles oval-shaped (Fig. 33C). Antennae with 21 antennomeres; first two and of the third glabrous (Fig. 32). Coxosternal plate with 4+4 teeth (Fig. 32D). Paramedian grooves distinct on tergites 3���20 (Fig. 33B), but incomplete, invisible on sternites (Fig. 33A). Coxopleural process long, conical, with 3 apical spines (Figs 33D, 34A). Spines on prefemur of the ultimate legs large and arranged in rows (Fig. 34 C���D). Previous records in Vietnam. KHANH HOA, LAM DONG, DONG NAI (Schileyko, 2001, 2007) Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea (Attems, 1930; Schileyko, 2007). Remarks. Our specimens agree with the description of Lewis (2010). The species has been recorded only in southcentral Vietnam (Fig. 35)., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 428-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Porat, C. O. von (1876) Om nagra exotiska Myriopoder. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien Handligar, 4 (7), 1 - 48.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich, 54, 1 - 308.","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. In: Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 417 - 445.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2001) The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 13, 5 - 51.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos (Part 3). Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2010) A key and annotated list of the Scolopendra species of the Old World with a reappraisal of Arthrorhabdus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3, 83 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525410 X 12578602960380"]}

Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Son G., Le, Son X. (2018): On the millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam, with a description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 96-109, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4503276, {"references":["Attems C (1914) Die indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80A(4): 1-398.","Attems C (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68: 1-300.","Attems C (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch-Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, {N. S.}, 6(2): 187-353.","Attems C (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. C. Dawydoff (1938-1939). Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, N. S., serie A, 5(3): 133-230.","Brolemann HW (1896) Myriapodes recueillis en Indo-Chine par M. Pavie et offerts au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 2(7): 332-333.","Brolemann HW (1916) Essai de classification des Polydesmiens [Myriapodes]. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 84: 523-608.","Daday J (1889) Myriopoda Regni Hungariae. e commisione regiae societatis Hungaricae scientiarum naturalium. Myriopoda Regni Hungariae: 1-125.","Enghoff H (2005) The millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda). Steenstrupia, 29(1): 87-103.","Enghoff H, Golovatch SI & Nguyen AD (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13(1-2): 29-43.","Golovatch SI (1983) Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the fauna of Vietnam. In: Medvedev LN (ed.) Fauna and Ecology of the Animals of Vietnam. Nauka Publisher, Moscow. Pp. 1-207.","Golovatch SI (1984) Contributions to the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda) II. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 30(1-2): 53-77.","Huelsenbeck JP & Ronquist F (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17: 754-755.","Jeekel CAW (1963) Paradoxosomatidae from Borneo (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 106(6): 205-283.","Jeekel CAW (1964) A new species of Orthomorpha Bollman from Thailand observed in migration, with taxonomic notes on the genus (Diplopoda). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 107(7): 355-364.","Jeekel CAW (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Unpublished Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 162 pp.","Jeekel CAW (1980) A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part III). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 123: 71-88.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2011) Revision of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893, with the proposal of a new genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 131: 1-161. doi: 10.3897/ zookeys.131.1921.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2014) The millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 in Laos (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of new species. ZooKeys, 374: 1-22. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.374.6711.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2016) Review of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 571: 21-57. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.571.7566.","Nguyen AD (2012) Tylopus millipedes in Vietnam (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae: Sulciferini); with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 60(2): 289-311.","Nguyen AD, Golovatch SI & Anichkin AE (2005) The dragon millipedes in Vietnam (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae, genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923). Arthropoda Selecta, 14(3): 251-257.","Nguyen AD, Korsos Z, Jang KH & Hwang UW (2017) A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the millipede genus Oxidus Cook, 1911 (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 293: 1-22.","Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ (2015) IQ- TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32: 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/ msu300.","Nguyen AD & Sierwald P (2013) A worldwide catalog of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). CheckList, 9(6): 1132-1353.","Pocock RI (1895) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LXVII. The Myriopoda of Burma, Pt. IV. Report upon the Polydesmoidea collected by Sig. L. Fea, Mr. E. W. Oates and others. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 14(ser.2): 787-834.","Silvestri F (1896) I Diplopodi. Parte I. Sistematica. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, serie 2, 16: 121-254.","Verhoeff KW (1940) Zur Kenntnis ostasiatischer Diplopoden V (Polydesmoidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 131(5-6): 129-145."]}

Antheromorpha festiva (Brölemann, 1896) (Figs. 2, 3, 10) Orthomorpha festiva Brölemann, 1896: 1; Attems, 1937: 60. Antheromorpha festiva – Jeekel, 1968: 57; 1980: 85; Golovatch, 1983: 181; Enghoff et al., 2004: 37; Enghoff, 2005: 95; Nguyen & Sierwald, 2013: 1234; Likhitrakarn et al., 2016: 45, figs 16–18, 21. Material examined. 4 males, 1 female (IEBR-Myr 25) Kien Giang Prov., U Minh Thuong National Park (9°31– 9°39′N; 105°03′– 105°07′E); forests, Nov. 2007, coll. Hoang Ngoc Khac; 2 males, 3 females (IEBR-Myr 519) Dak Lak Prov., Yok Don National Park (12°45′– 13°10′N; 107°29′30″– 107°48′30″E); deciduous forests, on the way to the station No. 6, 9 June 2013, coll. Phung T.H.L.; 1 male, 4 females (IEBR-Myr 522) Dak Lak Prov., Yok Don National Park (12°45′– 13°10′N; 107°29′30″– 107°48′30″E); deciduous forests, on the way to the station No. 9, 8 June 2013, coll. Phung T.H.L.; 1 male (IEBR-Myr 661) Tay Ninh Prov., Tan Bien District, Lo Go Xa Mat National Park (11°02′– 11°47′N; 105°57′– 106°04′E); March 2014, forest, coll. Dang Van An. Diagnosis. This species is differentiated by its red or redbrown colour, two paramedian red longitudinal stripes on the metaterga; sternum 5 th with two independent, sparsely setose, highly elevated tubercles between coxae 4; gonopod tip deeply bifid including a long, slender and pointed process d. Remarks. Likhitrakarn et al. (2016) stated that the species seems to be widely distributed across the southern half of the Malay Peninsula (southern Thailand and western Malaysia). This species was found at elevations of less than 60 m (Likhitrakarn et al., 2016). However, it seems likely that the species is distributed throughout Indochina, because it is recorded in several localities in southern Vietnam, even at elevations of 800– 900 m., Published as part of Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Son G. & Le, Son X., 2018, On the millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam, with a description of a new species, pp. 96-109 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503276, {"references":["Brolemann HW (1896) Myriapodes recueillis en Indo-Chine par M. Pavie et offerts au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 2 (7): 332 - 333.","Attems C (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68: 1 - 300.","Jeekel CAW (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Unpublished Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 162 pp.","Jeekel CAW (1980) A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part III). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 123: 71 - 88.","Golovatch SI (1983) Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the fauna of Vietnam. In: Medvedev LN (ed.) Fauna and Ecology of the Animals of Vietnam. Nauka Publisher, Moscow. Pp. 1 - 207.","Enghoff H, Golovatch SI & Nguyen AD (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2): 29 - 43.","Enghoff H (2005) The millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda). Steenstrupia, 29 (1): 87 - 103.","Nguyen AD & Sierwald P (2013) A worldwide catalog of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). CheckList, 9 (6): 1132 - 1353.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2016) Review of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 571: 21 - 57. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 571.7566."]}

Antheromorpha harpaga (Attems, 1937) (Figs. 1, 10) Orthomorpha harpaga Attems, 1937: 77−78, fig. 100; Attems, 1938: 211, figs 32−33; Jeekel, 1963: 269. Antheromorpha harpaga − Jeekel, 1968: 57; Golovatch, 1983: 181; Enghoff et al., 2004: 33; Likhitrakarn et al., 2016: 49, figs 19−21. Material examined. 1 male, 1 female (IEBR-Myr 229) Khanh Hoa Prov., Hon Ba Mts. (12°01′45″− 12°12′00″N; 108°54′04″– 109°05′00″N), bamboo forest, near stream, 800 m a.s.l., 20 April 2003, coll. Anh D. Nguyen., Published as part of Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Son G. & Le, Son X., 2018, On the millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam, with a description of a new species, pp. 96-109 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on page 97, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503276, {"references":["Attems C (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68: 1 - 300.","Attems C (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch-Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, {N. S.}, 6 (2): 187 - 353.","Jeekel CAW (1963) Paradoxosomatidae from Borneo (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 106 (6): 205 - 283.","Jeekel CAW (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Unpublished Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 162 pp.","Golovatch SI (1983) Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the fauna of Vietnam. In: Medvedev LN (ed.) Fauna and Ecology of the Animals of Vietnam. Nauka Publisher, Moscow. Pp. 1 - 207.","Enghoff H, Golovatch SI & Nguyen AD (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2): 29 - 43.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2016) Review of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 571: 21 - 57. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 571.7566."]}

Genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 Brachytropis Silvestri, 1896 (preoccupied): 198; Attems, 1937: 58, treated as a junior synonym of Orthomorpha. Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968: 57; Likhitrakarn et al., 2016: 23. Type species. Orthomorpha miranda Pocock, 1895, by original designation. Antheromorpha harpaga (Attems, 1937) (Figs. 1, 10) Orthomorpha harpaga Attems, 1937: 77−78, fig. 100; Attems, 1938: 211, figs 32−33; Jeekel, 1963: 269. Antheromorpha harpaga − Jeekel, 1968: 57; Golovatch, 1983: 181; Enghoff et al., 2004: 33; Likhitrakarn et al., 2016: 49, figs 19−21. Material examined. 1 male, 1 female (IEBR-Myr 229) Khanh Hoa Prov., Hon Ba Mts. (12°01′45″− 12°12′00″N; 108°54′04″– 109°05′00″N), bamboo forest, near stream, 800 m a.s.l., 20 April 2003, coll. Anh D. Nguyen. Antheromorpha harpaga (Attems, 1937) (Figs. 1, 10) Orthomorpha harpaga Attems, 1937: 77−78, fig. 100; Attems, 1938: 211, figs 32−33; Jeekel, 1963: 269. Antheromorpha harpaga − Jeekel, 1968: 57; Golovatch, 1983: 181; Enghoff et al., 2004: 33; Likhitrakarn et al., 2016: 49, figs 19−21. Material examined. 1 male, 1 female (IEBR-Myr 229) Khanh Hoa Prov., Hon Ba Mts. (12°01′45″− 12°12′00″N; 108°54′04″– 109°05′00″N), bamboo forest, near stream, 800 m a.s.l., 20 April 2003, coll. Anh D. Nguyen., Published as part of Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Son G. & Le, Son X., 2018, On the millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam, with a description of a new species, pp. 96-109 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on page 97, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503276, {"references":["Jeekel CAW (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Unpublished Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 162 pp.","Silvestri F (1896) I Diplopodi. Parte I. Sistematica. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, serie 2, 16: 121 - 254.","Attems C (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68: 1 - 300.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2016) Review of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 571: 21 - 57. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 571.7566.","Pocock RI (1895) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LXVII. The Myriopoda of Burma, Pt. IV. Report upon the Polydesmoidea collected by Sig. L. Fea, Mr. E. W. Oates and others. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 14 (ser. 2): 787 - 834.","Attems C (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch-Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, {N. S.}, 6 (2): 187 - 353.","Jeekel CAW (1963) Paradoxosomatidae from Borneo (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 106 (6): 205 - 283.","Golovatch SI (1983) Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the fauna of Vietnam. In: Medvedev LN (ed.) Fauna and Ecology of the Animals of Vietnam. Nauka Publisher, Moscow. Pp. 1 - 207.","Enghoff H, Golovatch SI & Nguyen AD (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2): 29 - 43."]}

Antheromorpha paviei (Brölemann, 1896) (Figs. 4, 5, 10) Orthomorpha Paviei Brölemann, 1896: 1. Pratinus Paviei – Attems, 1937: 122. Orthomorpha paviei – Jeekel, 1968: 56; Enghoff et al., 2004: 34; Enghoff, 2005: 97; Likhitrakarn et al., 2011: 52; 2014: 2. Antheromorpha paviei – Likhitrakarn et al., 2016: 30, figs 4–6, 21. Material examined. 2 males (IEBR-451) Da Nang, Ba Na National Park (15°59′44.4″N; 107°59′39.13″E); forest, 1,200 m a.s.l., July 2009, coll. Truong Xuan Lam. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its congener by: metaterga faintly rugose, with two rows of 2+2 and 4+4 setae borne on minute knobs in front of and behind transverse sulcus, respectively; paraterga well developed, set higher than metatergal surface, with long protruding caudal corner. Tip of gonopod strongly divided into two lanceolate lobules. Remarks. The species Antheromorpha paviei (Brölemann, 1896) was described as Orthomorpha paviei. It was questionably relocated to the genus Prionopeltis, then to the genus Pratinus (Attems, 1914, 1937). Jeekel (1963) assigned this species back to the genus Orthomorpha, however, he still questioned its generic status. Recently, this species was transferred to the genus Antheromorpha due to the deeply split tip of its gonopod. This species has been reported from Thailand and Laos (Enghoff, 2005; Likhitrakarn et al., 2014, 2016). This is the first time the species is recorded for Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Son G. & Le, Son X., 2018, On the millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam, with a description of a new species, pp. 96-109 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on pages 99-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503276, {"references":["Brolemann HW (1896) Myriapodes recueillis en Indo-Chine par M. Pavie et offerts au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 2 (7): 332 - 333.","Attems C (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68: 1 - 300.","Jeekel CAW (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Unpublished Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 162 pp.","Enghoff H, Golovatch SI & Nguyen AD (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2): 29 - 43.","Enghoff H (2005) The millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda). Steenstrupia, 29 (1): 87 - 103.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2011) Revision of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893, with the proposal of a new genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 131: 1 - 161. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 131.1921.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2014) The millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 in Laos (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of new species. ZooKeys, 374: 1 - 22. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 374.6711.","Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI & Panha S (2016) Review of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys, 571: 21 - 57. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 571.7566.","Attems C (1914) Die indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A (4): 1 - 398.","Jeekel CAW (1963) Paradoxosomatidae from Borneo (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 106 (6): 205 - 283."]}

Antheromorpha pumatensis, new species (Figs. 6−9, 10) Material examined. Holotype: 1 male (IEBR-461H) Nghe An Provinve, Pu Mat National Park, Khe Thoi (19°04′47.7″N; 104°38′13.7″E); forest, 4−10 April 2011, coll. Anh. D. Nguyen. Paratypes: 2 males, 4 females (IEBR-461P) same data as sample IEBR-461H; 1 male, 2 females (IEBR-462), same locality, but Thac Chem (18°58′17.4″N; 104°48′02.9″E); forest, 4−10 April 2011, coll. Anh. D. Nguyen. Diagnosis. This species differs from its congeners by having: metaterga with a median yellowish brown stripe, paraterga pink, tip of gonopod strongly divided into two processes: one being spiniform, the other being a serrated lobe. Etymology. Named after the locality where the type specimens were collected. Description. Body length about 28.1−37.4 mm (male); 28−36.5 mm (female); width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.3−2.9 mm (male); 2.9−3.4 mm (female) and 3.5−4.1 mm (male); 3.7−4.5 mm (female); respectively. Holotype length ca. 28.1 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.3 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. Prozona and metaterga with a median broad pink stripe and two paramedian castaneous/blackish brown regions (Figs. 6, 7). Paraterga pink or red (both dorsal and ventral sides). Pleura, head, distal part of antennomere 6 and whole antennomere 7 blackish brown. Antennae, sterna, and legs light brown. Head (Fig. 7A− C) slightly broader than collum; clypeolabral region sparsely setose. Frons weakly convex, divided into 2 parts by a distinct epicranial suture. Antennae (Fig. 7B, C) claviform, reaching metatergum 3 if stretched dorsally. Most antennomeres subequal in length except for the shortest antennomeres 1 & 7. Collum (Fig. 7A) slightly narrower than body ring 2. Surface smooth and shining. Paratergum modestly developed, earshaped or subtriangular with broadly rounded anterior corner. Lateral side without setiferous incision. Body ring (Fig. 7A− F) 3Remarks. Like Anthromorpha paviei, the new species is not typical for the genus Antheromorpha. It seems to be an intermediate species between Orthomorpha and Antheromorpha. In comparison to other Antheromorpha species, A. pumatensis, new species is differentiated by the colour pattern (red or brownish red); large size, and more importantly by gonopod conformation. The gonopod of the new species is long, slender and erect; tip deeply bifid, but the process (d) shorter than in other species, and process (m) serrated apically with short tubercle (v). The species is only known from its type locality in central Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Son G. & Le, Son X., 2018, On the millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam, with a description of a new species, pp. 96-109 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on pages 100-104, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503276, {"references":["Brolemann HW (1896) Myriapodes recueillis en Indo-Chine par M. Pavie et offerts au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 2 (7): 332 - 333."]}

Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) Holotype. ITBCZ 2595, adult male, collected from Hon Ba Island, Con Dao District, Ba Ria���Vung Tau Prov., Vietnam; coordinates 8��39���03���N, 106��33���29���E; elevation 15 m a.s.l. by Sang Ngoc Nguyen on 24 October 2015. Paratypes. ITBCZ 2596, adult male; ITBCZ 2597���8, two adult females; collected around the site of the holotype on Hon Ba Island by Sang Ngoc Nguyen on 24 and 25 October 2015. Diagnosis. Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all of its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) medium size in adults (total length up to 552 mm); (2) dorsal scale rows 17���17���15; (3) deeply forked hemipenes without papillae and spines, extending to SC 13 or 14; (4) maxillary teeth 11���13, the posterior three being enlarged; (5) cloacal plate undivided; (6) head scalation complete; (7) nasal divided; (8) presubocular absent; (9) ventrals 168���176; (10) subcaudals 33���37; (11) overall dorsal coloration dark gray, faint body stripes present or absent; (12) venter cream to dark gray without rectangular blotches. Description of holotype. Adult male; body robust, rather elongate; SVL 461 mm; tail quite short (TL/SVL = 0.15) and robust, 70 mm in length; head short (HL/SVL = 0.04), faintly distinct from neck; eye small (ED/HH = 0.35) with round pupil, eye diameter equal to distance between eye and nostril; snout obtuse; large oval nostril piercing the upper part of nasal. Head scalation. Rostral high 3.37 mm, wide 3.57 mm, thick and curved on to upper snout surface, well visible from above, pointed posteriorly, touching internasals, nasals, and first supralabial on each side; supralabials 8/8, the 4th and 5th bordering eye, the 7th being largest; 1/1 loreal; presubocular absent; nasal divided vertically; 1/1 preocular; 2/2 postoculars; 1+2/1+2 temporals, anterior one elongated; prefrontal large, somewhat hexagonal, wider than long; frontal large and pentagonal, slightly longer than wide; parietals larger than frontals, bordered laterally by the first and the upper second temporals and posteriorly by four small scales; 8/8 infralabials, fist pair medially in contact with each other, first four InLs in contact with anterior chin shield, the 5th largest and touching posterior chin shield. Body scalation. Dorsal scales smooth, in 17���17���15 rows; scale row reductions from 17 to 15 around the position corresponding to ventral 98th; vertebral scales similar to other dorsal scales in size and shape; ventrals 172; cloacal plate entire; subcaudals 37, all paired; terminal caudal scale forming a pointed cap. Dentition. Maxillary teeth 13, curved posteriorly, the posterior three being enlarged (Fig. 2 C); palatine and pterygoid teeth 7 and 14, respectively, slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 2 D). Hemipenis. Hemipenis with two enlarged lobes, deeply forked at the level of 6th SC and tip of each organ reaching the SC 13th; proximal part with faint folds forming more or less hexagonal cells, these cells fainter at distal part (Fig. 2 E���G). Coloration. In life, overall dorsal coloration dark gray, including dorsal, lateral scales, and lateral sides of ventral scales. No distinct stripes or blotches. Head more or less uniform dark gray. Infralabials, lower part of supralabials, and rostral whitish. Underside of head and anterior part of body white to cream. The ventral color of body changes backwardly from cream anteriorly to dark gray dots or blotches and then to dark gray posteriorly, not forming rectangular blotches. Two white stripes along ventral-lateral part of ventral scales. Ventral surface of tail white with some gray dots. Pupil round and black. In alcohol, the pattern paler, becoming gray. Pupil white. Variation. Table 1 summarizes variation in size and scalation. Head scalation complete but presubocular absent in all specimens. In the three paratypes, brighter longitudinal stripes are faint in life and in alcohol. A narrow grayish vertebral stripe extends from neck to the vent level, the width of this stripe is narrower than the width of the vertebral scale but in the neck the stripe width expanding to about two dorsal scales; paravertebral stripes very faint; a faint but broad, grayish stripe extends up to the vent on dorsal scale rows 4���6. In general, the faint stripe pattern of the new species, if present, is as follows: lateral side of ventral scale and DS 1���3 dark gray or gray; DS 4���6 brighter; DS 7���8 dark gray or gray; and vertebral scale brighter (Fig. 3 C). Paratypes ITBCZ 2597���8 with a dark oblique streak below the eye, on SL 5���6; frontal and parietals with faint blotches. Ventral pattern of paratype ITBCZ 2596 cream to white with few gray dots; paratypes ITBCZ 2597���8 similar to that of the holotype. Hemipenis of the paratype ITBCZ 2596 similar to that of the holotype. The palatine and pterygoid teeth of the paratypes ITBCZ 2596���8 are 6+12, 7+13, and 7+12, respectively. The posterior three maxillary teeth of the paratypes are also enlarged. Natural history. All specimens were collected in the daytime, between 9:00 am and 12:00 pm. The animals were found active on the ground of evergreen forest (Fig. 3 D) near by Hon Ba Forest Ranger Station. Two nights of searching in the area failed to find the snake. This infers that the new species is diurnal. Another species, O. fasciolatus, was recorded sympatrically with the new species. Sexual dimorphism. The males are larger (SVL 461���481 mm vs. 395���401 mm) and darker than the females. The faint stripes on females are more visible than on the males. Tails in males are longer than in females (SC 37 vs. 33���34; TL/SVL 0.15 vs. 0.14). Distribution. The new species is currently known only from Hon Ba Island, Con Dao District, Ba Ria���Vung Tau Prov., Vietnam. Etymology. The specific epithet condaoensis is derived from Con Dao Islands, where the new species was discovered. Comparisons. Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from all other congeners within the Oligodon taeniatus group, the O. cinereus group, the O. cyclurus group (David et al. 2008 a, b; Green et al. 2010; Neang et al. 2012), the O. dorsalis group (Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), and the O. torquatus group (Green et al. 2010, Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), and other species of the genus in Indochina by the combination of the following characters: body and head scalation, maxillary teeth, hemipenis, body size, and dorsal color pattern. By having deeply forked hemipenis without obvious papillae, O. condaoensis sp. nov. differs from the O. taeniatus group (David et al. 2008b; Neang et al. 2012), including O. barroni (Smith), O. deuvei David, Vogel & Rooijen, O. moricei David, Vogel & Rooijen, O. mouhoti (Boulenger), O. pseudotaeniatus David, Vogel & Rooijen, and O. taeniatus (G��nther), except for O. moricei in which males remain unknown (Table 2). The new species is also distinguishable from O. barroni by having a larger size (TL 552 mm vs. 401 mm), a higher number of ventrals (168���176 vs. 136���160), and different dorsal color pattern (gray or faint stripes vs. butterfly-like blotches on dorsum and tail); from O. deuvei by having a higher number of ventral scales (168���176 vs. 140���155), different body and head color pattern (uniform or faint vertebral stripe vs. broad and bright vertebral stripe, uniform or faint blotches vs. four or five major markings, respectively); from O. moricei by having a lower number of subcaudals (33���34 in females vs. 41), a lower number of infralabials (8 vs. 9), a higher number of maxillary teeth (13 in females vs. 12), and different dorsal color pattern (uniform or faint dorsal stripes vs. broad vertebral stripe, clear paravertebral and dorsolateral stripes); from O. mouhoti by having a bigger size (TL 552 mm vs. 339 mm), a higher number of ventrals (168���176 vs. 145���163), lower number of infralabials (8 vs. 9 or 10) and maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 14���16), a shorter hemipenis (extending to SC 13���14 vs. 18���19), and the absence of blotches on tail and clear marks on head (vs. presence); from O. pseudotaeniatus by having a bigger size (TL 552 mm vs. 320 mm), a higher number of ventrals (168���176 vs. 137���156), fewer maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 15), and the absence of presubocular (vs. presence); from O. taeniatus by having a bigger size (TL 552 mm vs. 447 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows at neck and midbody (17���17���15 vs. 19���19���15), more ventrals (168���176 vs. 142���165), fewer infralabials (8 vs. 9), and the absence or faintness of body stripes (vs. presence). continued. Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from members of the O. cinereus group (David et al. 2008a, 2012; Green et al. 2010; Neang et al. 2012; Vassilieva 2015), including O. albocinctus (Cantor), O. cinereus (G��nther), O. inornatus (Boulenger), O. joynsoni (Smith), O. maculatus (Taylor), O. melanozonatus Wall, O. nagao David, Nguyen, Nguyen, Jiang, Chen, Teynie & Ziegler, O. splendidus (G��nther), and O. woodmasoni (Sclater), by having a deeply forked hemipenis (vs. unforked) except for O. melanozonatus, in which the hemipenis is unknown. The new species also differs from O. albocinctus by dorsal scale rows (17���17���15 vs. 19���17[19]���15[17]), fewer ventrals and subcaudals (168���176 vs. 177���208, 33���37 vs. 40���69, respectively), more supralabials (8 vs. 7), a shorter hemipenis (extending to SC 13���14 vs. 24), dark uniform or faint body stripes (vs. cross-bars); from O. cinereus by having smaller size (TL 552 mm vs. 700 mm) and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. cross-bars [based on O. cinereus from Con Dao Islands, as also mentioned by Smith 1943: 216���217 as form IV and Campden- Main 1970]); from O. inornatus by dorsal scale rows (17���17���15 vs. 15���15���15); from O. joynsoni by having fewer ventrals and subcaudals (168���176 vs. 186���197, 33���37 vs. 43���50, respectively) and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. blotches and reticulated cross-bars); from O. maculatus by having more ventrals (168���176 vs. 156���164) and different dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or strips vs. dark blotches); from O. melanozonatus by having loreals (vs. absence), an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 42���45), higher numbers of supralabials, infralabials, and maxillary teeth (8, 8, and 11���13 vs. 6, 6, and 8, respectively); from O. nagao by having a smaller size (TL 552 mm vs. 786 mm), fewer ventrals (168���176 vs. 184���193), more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 9���10), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. blotches); from O. splendidus by having fewer scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 21), different supralabials entering the eye (SL 4���5 vs. 2���3), more infralabials (8 vs. 5), and shorter hemipenis (SC 13���14 vs. 19); from O. woodmasoni by having fewer ventrals (168���176 vs. 180���190) and more supralabials (8 vs. 6). By having deeply forked hemipenis without spines, O. condaoensis sp. nov. is similar to members of the O. cyclurus group (David et al. 2008a, Green et al. 2010, Neang et al. 2012, Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), which includes O. cattienensis Vassilieva, Geissler, Galoyan, Poyarkov, Van Devender & B��hme, O. chinensis (G��nther), O. cyclurus (Cantor), O. fasciolatus (G��nther), O. formosanus (G��nther). O. juglandifer (Wall), O. kampucheaensis Neang, Grismer & Dattry, O. kheriensis Acharji & Ray, O. macrurus (Angel), O. ocellatus (Morice), and O. saintgironsi David, Vogel & Pauwels. However, the new species can be distinguished from the following species by having 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody: O. cyclurus (19), O. fasciolatus (21), O. formosanus (19), O. juglandifer (19), O. kampucheaensis (15), O. khariensis (19), and O. ocellatus (19). It also differs from O. cyclurus by having smaller size (TL 552 mm vs. 710 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on its neck (17 vs. 19), more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 9���10), arrangement of temporals (1+2 vs. 2+2), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate or narrow blotches); from O. fasciolatus by having smaller size (552 mm vs. 807 mm); fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 21 or 23) and before the vent (15 vs. 17), more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 8���10), arrangement of temporals (1+2 vs. 2+2), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate or large blotches); from O. formosanus by having a smaller size (552 mm vs. 942 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 43���55) and infralabials (8 vs. 9), dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate) and hemipenis shape (no papillae vs. short papillae); from O. juglandifer by having fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 53���68), more supralabials (8 vs. 7), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. dark dots and cross-bars); from O. kampucheaensis by having more dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 15), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 39), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. cross-bars); from O. khariensis by having fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer ventrals (168���176 vs. 196), and more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 8); and from O. ocellatus by having smaller size (552 mm vs. 852 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer infralabials (8 vs. 9 or 10), arrangement of temporals (1+2 vs. 2+2), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate or large blotches). Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from O. cattienensis by having more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 8���10), nasal (divided vs. entire), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. large blotches); from O. chinensis by having a smaller size (552 mm vs. 729 mm), more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 9���10), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 47���64), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. black cross-bars); from O. macrurus by having more ventrals (168���176 vs. 143���152), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 76���83), and much shorter hemipenis (SC 13���14 vs. 29); and from O. saintgoronsi by having a smaller size (552 mm vs. 676 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 53���59), much shorter hemipenis (SC 13���14 vs. 27���28), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. reticulate or large blotches). Table 3 compares the new species and other members of the O. cyclurus group. For members of the O. dorsalis group (Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), which includes O. catenatus (Blyth), O. dorsalis (Gray & Hardwicke), O. eberhardti Pellegrin, O. erythrogaster Boulenger, O. hamptoni Boulenger, O. lacroixi Angel & Bourret, and O. macdougalli Wall, O condaoensis sp. nov. differs from O. catenatus, O. dorsalis, O. eberhardti, O. erythrogaster, and O. hamptoni, by having deeply a forked hemipenis (vs. unforked or slightly forked) and an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided). It also differs from O. catenatus by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 13), more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 7), and fewer ventrals (168���176 vs. 186���208); from O. dorsalis by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15) and more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 6���7); from O. eberhardti by having more dorsal scale rows (17���17���15 vs. 13���13���13), more supralabials (8 vs. 6), and fewer ventrals (168���176 vs. 189���190); from O. erythrogaster by having more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 7���8) and fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 42���59); and from O. hamptoni by having more scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15), and more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 7) and more subralabials (8 vs. 5). The new species differs from O. lacroixi by having an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided), more scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15), more supralabials (8 vs. 5), the presence of two internasals (vs. absent) and loreals (vs. absent); and from O. macdougalli by having an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided), the presence of loreals (vs. absent), more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 13), fewer ventrals (168���176 vs. 200), and more supralabials (8 vs. 7). Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from members of the O. torquatus group (Green et al. 2010, Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), which includes O. cruentatus (G��nther), O. planiceps (Boulenger), O. theobaldi (G��nther), and O. torquatus (Boulenger), by having a deeply forked hemipenis (vs. unforked) without papillae (vs. presence) and an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided). It also differs from O. cruentatus by lacking spines on hemipenis (vs. presence) and having fewer maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 14���16); from O. planiceps by lacking spines on hemipenis (vs. presence), more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 13), more ventrals (168���176 vs. 132���145), more subcaudals (33���37 vs. 22���27), and more supralabials (8 vs. 4 or 5); from O. theobaldi by lacking spines on hemipenis (vs. presence) and having fewer maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 15���16); and from O. torquatus by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15) and more ventrals (168���176 vs. 144���159), and fewer maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 15���16). Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from other congeners in Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysian Peninsular, and southern China [Yunnan]) as follows: from O. annamensis Leviton by having more dorsal scale rows (17���17���15 vs. 13���13���13), more supralabials (8 vs. 6), more infralabials (8 vs. 6), and more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 8), and by dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. cross-bars); from O. arenarius Vassilieva by having deeply forked hemipenis (vs. unforked), a larger size (552 mm vs. 389 mm), more maxillary teeth (11���13 vs. 6���8), and more ventrals (168���176 vs. 131���144); from O. booliati Leong & Grismer by having more supralabials (8 vs. 6 or 7), more ventrals (168���176 vs. 143���153), fewer subcaudals (33���37 vs. 54���60), and differen, Published as part of Nguyen, Sang Ngoc, Nguyen, Vu Dang Hoang, Le, Son Hong & Murphy, Robert W., 2016, A new species of kukri snake (Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from Con Dao Islands, southern Vietnam, pp. 261-273 in Zootaxa 4139 (2) on pages 263-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/256798, {"references":["David, P., Vogel, G. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2008 a) A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from southern Vietnam and Cambodia. Zootaxa, 1939, 19 - 37.","David, P., Vogel, G. & Rooijen, J. V. (2008 b) A revision of the Oligodon taeniatus (Gunther, 1861) group (Squamata: Colubridae), with the description of three new species from the Indochinese region. Zootaxa, 1965, 1 - 49.","Green, M. D., Orlov, N. L. & Murphy, R. W. (2010) Toward a phylogeny of the kukri snakes, genus Oligodon. Asian Herpetological Research, 1, 1 - 21.","Neang, T., Grismer, L. L. & Daltry, J. C. (2012) A new species of kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia. Zootaxa, 3388, 41 - 55.","Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese subregion. Reptiles and Amphibians. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis Ltd, London, 525 pp.","Vassilieva, A. B. (2015) A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from coastal southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4058 (2), 211 - 226. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4058.2.4","David, P., Nguyen, T. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Jiang, K., Chen, T., Teynie, A. & Ziegler, T. (2012) A new species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from northern Vietnam, southern China and central Laos. Zootaxa, 3498, 45 - 62.","Campden-Main, S. M. (1970) A field guide to the snakes of South Vietnam. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 114 pp."]}

Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) Holotype. ITBCZ 2595, adult male, collected from Hon Ba Island, Con Dao District, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Prov., Vietnam; coordinates 8°39’03”N, 106°33’29”E; elevation 15 m a.s.l. by Sang Ngoc Nguyen on 24 October 2015. Paratypes. ITBCZ 2596, adult male; ITBCZ 2597–8, two adult females; collected around the site of the holotype on Hon Ba Island by Sang Ngoc Nguyen on 24 and 25 October 2015. Diagnosis. Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all of its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) medium size in adults (total length up to 552 mm); (2) dorsal scale rows 17–17–15; (3) deeply forked hemipenes without papillae and spines, extending to SC 13 or 14; (4) maxillary teeth 11–13, the posterior three being enlarged; (5) cloacal plate undivided; (6) head scalation complete; (7) nasal divided; (8) presubocular absent; (9) ventrals 168–176; (10) subcaudals 33–37; (11) overall dorsal coloration dark gray, faint body stripes present or absent; (12) venter cream to dark gray without rectangular blotches. Description of holotype. Adult male; body robust, rather elongate; SVL 461 mm; tail quite short (TL/SVL = 0.15) and robust, 70 mm in length; head short (HL/SVL = 0.04), faintly distinct from neck; eye small (ED/HH = 0.35) with round pupil, eye diameter equal to distance between eye and nostril; snout obtuse; large oval nostril piercing the upper part of nasal. Head scalation. Rostral high 3.37 mm, wide 3.57 mm, thick and curved on to upper snout surface, well visible from above, pointed posteriorly, touching internasals, nasals, and first supralabial on each side; supralabials 8/8, the 4th and 5th bordering eye, the 7th being largest; 1/1 loreal; presubocular absent; nasal divided vertically; 1/1 preocular; 2/2 postoculars; 1+2/1+2 temporals, anterior one elongated; prefrontal large, somewhat hexagonal, wider than long; frontal large and pentagonal, slightly longer than wide; parietals larger than frontals, bordered laterally by the first and the upper second temporals and posteriorly by four small scales; 8/8 infralabials, fist pair medially in contact with each other, first four InLs in contact with anterior chin shield, the 5th largest and touching posterior chin shield. Body scalation. Dorsal scales smooth, in 17–17–15 rows; scale row reductions from 17 to 15 around the position corresponding to ventral 98th; vertebral scales similar to other dorsal scales in size and shape; ventrals 172; cloacal plate entire; subcaudals 37, all paired; terminal caudal scale forming a pointed cap. Dentition. Maxillary teeth 13, curved posteriorly, the posterior three being enlarged (Fig. 2 C); palatine and pterygoid teeth 7 and 14, respectively, slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 2 D). Hemipenis. Hemipenis with two enlarged lobes, deeply forked at the level of 6th SC and tip of each organ reaching the SC 13th; proximal part with faint folds forming more or less hexagonal cells, these cells fainter at distal part (Fig. 2 E–G). Coloration. In life, overall dorsal coloration dark gray, including dorsal, lateral scales, and lateral sides of ventral scales. No distinct stripes or blotches. Head more or less uniform dark gray. Infralabials, lower part of supralabials, and rostral whitish. Underside of head and anterior part of body white to cream. The ventral color of body changes backwardly from cream anteriorly to dark gray dots or blotches and then to dark gray posteriorly, not forming rectangular blotches. Two white stripes along ventral-lateral part of ventral scales. Ventral surface of tail white with some gray dots. Pupil round and black. In alcohol, the pattern paler, becoming gray. Pupil white. Variation. Table 1 summarizes variation in size and scalation. Head scalation complete but presubocular absent in all specimens. In the three paratypes, brighter longitudinal stripes are faint in life and in alcohol. A narrow grayish vertebral stripe extends from neck to the vent level, the width of this stripe is narrower than the width of the vertebral scale but in the neck the stripe width expanding to about two dorsal scales; paravertebral stripes very faint; a faint but broad, grayish stripe extends up to the vent on dorsal scale rows 4–6. In general, the faint stripe pattern of the new species, if present, is as follows: lateral side of ventral scale and DS 1–3 dark gray or gray; DS 4–6 brighter; DS 7–8 dark gray or gray; and vertebral scale brighter (Fig. 3 C). Paratypes ITBCZ 2597–8 with a dark oblique streak below the eye, on SL 5–6; frontal and parietals with faint blotches. Ventral pattern of paratype ITBCZ 2596 cream to white with few gray dots; paratypes ITBCZ 2597–8 similar to that of the holotype. Hemipenis of the paratype ITBCZ 2596 similar to that of the holotype. The palatine and pterygoid teeth of the paratypes ITBCZ 2596–8 are 6+12, 7+13, and 7+12, respectively. The posterior three maxillary teeth of the paratypes are also enlarged. Natural history. All specimens were collected in the daytime, between 9:00 am and 12:00 pm. The animals were found active on the ground of evergreen forest (Fig. 3 D) near by Hon Ba Forest Ranger Station. Two nights of searching in the area failed to find the snake. This infers that the new species is diurnal. Another species, O. fasciolatus, was recorded sympatrically with the new species. Sexual dimorphism. The males are larger (SVL 461–481 mm vs. 395–401 mm) and darker than the females. The faint stripes on females are more visible than on the males. Tails in males are longer than in females (SC 37 vs. 33–34; TL/SVL 0.15 vs. 0.14). Distribution. The new species is currently known only from Hon Ba Island, Con Dao District, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Prov., Vietnam. Etymology. The specific epithet condaoensis is derived from Con Dao Islands, where the new species was discovered. Comparisons. Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from all other congeners within the Oligodon taeniatus group, the O. cinereus group, the O. cyclurus group (David et al. 2008 a, b; Green et al. 2010; Neang et al. 2012), the O. dorsalis group (Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), and the O. torquatus group (Green et al. 2010, Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), and other species of the genus in Indochina by the combination of the following characters: body and head scalation, maxillary teeth, hemipenis, body size, and dorsal color pattern. By having deeply forked hemipenis without obvious papillae, O. condaoensis sp. nov. differs from the O. taeniatus group (David et al. 2008b; Neang et al. 2012), including O. barroni (Smith), O. deuvei David, Vogel & Rooijen, O. moricei David, Vogel & Rooijen, O. mouhoti (Boulenger), O. pseudotaeniatus David, Vogel & Rooijen, and O. taeniatus (Günther), except for O. moricei in which males remain unknown (Table 2). The new species is also distinguishable from O. barroni by having a larger size (TL 552 mm vs. 401 mm), a higher number of ventrals (168–176 vs. 136–160), and different dorsal color pattern (gray or faint stripes vs. butterfly-like blotches on dorsum and tail); from O. deuvei by having a higher number of ventral scales (168–176 vs. 140–155), different body and head color pattern (uniform or faint vertebral stripe vs. broad and bright vertebral stripe, uniform or faint blotches vs. four or five major markings, respectively); from O. moricei by having a lower number of subcaudals (33–34 in females vs. 41), a lower number of infralabials (8 vs. 9), a higher number of maxillary teeth (13 in females vs. 12), and different dorsal color pattern (uniform or faint dorsal stripes vs. broad vertebral stripe, clear paravertebral and dorsolateral stripes); from O. mouhoti by having a bigger size (TL 552 mm vs. 339 mm), a higher number of ventrals (168–176 vs. 145–163), lower number of infralabials (8 vs. 9 or 10) and maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 14–16), a shorter hemipenis (extending to SC 13–14 vs. 18–19), and the absence of blotches on tail and clear marks on head (vs. presence); from O. pseudotaeniatus by having a bigger size (TL 552 mm vs. 320 mm), a higher number of ventrals (168–176 vs. 137–156), fewer maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 15), and the absence of presubocular (vs. presence); from O. taeniatus by having a bigger size (TL 552 mm vs. 447 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows at neck and midbody (17–17–15 vs. 19–19–15), more ventrals (168–176 vs. 142–165), fewer infralabials (8 vs. 9), and the absence or faintness of body stripes (vs. presence). continued. Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from members of the O. cinereus group (David et al. 2008a, 2012; Green et al. 2010; Neang et al. 2012; Vassilieva 2015), including O. albocinctus (Cantor), O. cinereus (Günther), O. inornatus (Boulenger), O. joynsoni (Smith), O. maculatus (Taylor), O. melanozonatus Wall, O. nagao David, Nguyen, Nguyen, Jiang, Chen, Teynie & Ziegler, O. splendidus (Günther), and O. woodmasoni (Sclater), by having a deeply forked hemipenis (vs. unforked) except for O. melanozonatus, in which the hemipenis is unknown. The new species also differs from O. albocinctus by dorsal scale rows (17–17–15 vs. 19–17[19]–15[17]), fewer ventrals and subcaudals (168–176 vs. 177–208, 33–37 vs. 40–69, respectively), more supralabials (8 vs. 7), a shorter hemipenis (extending to SC 13–14 vs. 24), dark uniform or faint body stripes (vs. cross-bars); from O. cinereus by having smaller size (TL 552 mm vs. 700 mm) and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. cross-bars [based on O. cinereus from Con Dao Islands, as also mentioned by Smith 1943: 216–217 as form IV and Campden- Main 1970]); from O. inornatus by dorsal scale rows (17–17–15 vs. 15–15–15); from O. joynsoni by having fewer ventrals and subcaudals (168–176 vs. 186–197, 33–37 vs. 43–50, respectively) and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. blotches and reticulated cross-bars); from O. maculatus by having more ventrals (168–176 vs. 156–164) and different dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or strips vs. dark blotches); from O. melanozonatus by having loreals (vs. absence), an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 42–45), higher numbers of supralabials, infralabials, and maxillary teeth (8, 8, and 11–13 vs. 6, 6, and 8, respectively); from O. nagao by having a smaller size (TL 552 mm vs. 786 mm), fewer ventrals (168–176 vs. 184–193), more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 9–10), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. blotches); from O. splendidus by having fewer scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 21), different supralabials entering the eye (SL 4–5 vs. 2–3), more infralabials (8 vs. 5), and shorter hemipenis (SC 13–14 vs. 19); from O. woodmasoni by having fewer ventrals (168–176 vs. 180–190) and more supralabials (8 vs. 6). By having deeply forked hemipenis without spines, O. condaoensis sp. nov. is similar to members of the O. cyclurus group (David et al. 2008a, Green et al. 2010, Neang et al. 2012, Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), which includes O. cattienensis Vassilieva, Geissler, Galoyan, Poyarkov, Van Devender & Böhme, O. chinensis (Günther), O. cyclurus (Cantor), O. fasciolatus (Günther), O. formosanus (Günther). O. juglandifer (Wall), O. kampucheaensis Neang, Grismer & Dattry, O. kheriensis Acharji & Ray, O. macrurus (Angel), O. ocellatus (Morice), and O. saintgironsi David, Vogel & Pauwels. However, the new species can be distinguished from the following species by having 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody: O. cyclurus (19), O. fasciolatus (21), O. formosanus (19), O. juglandifer (19), O. kampucheaensis (15), O. khariensis (19), and O. ocellatus (19). It also differs from O. cyclurus by having smaller size (TL 552 mm vs. 710 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on its neck (17 vs. 19), more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 9–10), arrangement of temporals (1+2 vs. 2+2), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate or narrow blotches); from O. fasciolatus by having smaller size (552 mm vs. 807 mm); fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 21 or 23) and before the vent (15 vs. 17), more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 8–10), arrangement of temporals (1+2 vs. 2+2), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate or large blotches); from O. formosanus by having a smaller size (552 mm vs. 942 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 43–55) and infralabials (8 vs. 9), dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate) and hemipenis shape (no papillae vs. short papillae); from O. juglandifer by having fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 53–68), more supralabials (8 vs. 7), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. dark dots and cross-bars); from O. kampucheaensis by having more dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 15), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 39), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. cross-bars); from O. khariensis by having fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer ventrals (168–176 vs. 196), and more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 8); and from O. ocellatus by having smaller size (552 mm vs. 852 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer infralabials (8 vs. 9 or 10), arrangement of temporals (1+2 vs. 2+2), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or stripes vs. reticulate or large blotches). Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from O. cattienensis by having more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 8–10), nasal (divided vs. entire), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. large blotches); from O. chinensis by having a smaller size (552 mm vs. 729 mm), more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 9–10), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 47–64), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. black cross-bars); from O. macrurus by having more ventrals (168–176 vs. 143–152), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 76–83), and much shorter hemipenis (SC 13–14 vs. 29); and from O. saintgoronsi by having a smaller size (552 mm vs. 676 mm), fewer dorsal scale rows on the neck (17 vs. 19), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 53–59), much shorter hemipenis (SC 13–14 vs. 27–28), and dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. reticulate or large blotches). Table 3 compares the new species and other members of the O. cyclurus group. For members of the O. dorsalis group (Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), which includes O. catenatus (Blyth), O. dorsalis (Gray & Hardwicke), O. eberhardti Pellegrin, O. erythrogaster Boulenger, O. hamptoni Boulenger, O. lacroixi Angel & Bourret, and O. macdougalli Wall, O condaoensis sp. nov. differs from O. catenatus, O. dorsalis, O. eberhardti, O. erythrogaster, and O. hamptoni, by having deeply a forked hemipenis (vs. unforked or slightly forked) and an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided). It also differs from O. catenatus by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 13), more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 7), and fewer ventrals (168–176 vs. 186–208); from O. dorsalis by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15) and more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 6–7); from O. eberhardti by having more dorsal scale rows (17–17–15 vs. 13–13–13), more supralabials (8 vs. 6), and fewer ventrals (168–176 vs. 189–190); from O. erythrogaster by having more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 7–8) and fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 42–59); and from O. hamptoni by having more scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15), and more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 7) and more subralabials (8 vs. 5). The new species differs from O. lacroixi by having an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided), more scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15), more supralabials (8 vs. 5), the presence of two internasals (vs. absent) and loreals (vs. absent); and from O. macdougalli by having an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided), the presence of loreals (vs. absent), more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 13), fewer ventrals (168–176 vs. 200), and more supralabials (8 vs. 7). Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from members of the O. torquatus group (Green et al. 2010, Smith 1943, Vassilieva 2015), which includes O. cruentatus (Günther), O. planiceps (Boulenger), O. theobaldi (Günther), and O. torquatus (Boulenger), by having a deeply forked hemipenis (vs. unforked) without papillae (vs. presence) and an entire cloacal plate (vs. divided). It also differs from O. cruentatus by lacking spines on hemipenis (vs. presence) and having fewer maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 14–16); from O. planiceps by lacking spines on hemipenis (vs. presence), more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 13), more ventrals (168–176 vs. 132–145), more subcaudals (33–37 vs. 22–27), and more supralabials (8 vs. 4 or 5); from O. theobaldi by lacking spines on hemipenis (vs. presence) and having fewer maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 15–16); and from O. torquatus by having more dorsal scale rows at midbody (17 vs. 15) and more ventrals (168–176 vs. 144–159), and fewer maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 15–16). Oligodon condaoensis sp. nov. differs from other congeners in Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysian Peninsular, and southern China [Yunnan]) as follows: from O. annamensis Leviton by having more dorsal scale rows (17–17–15 vs. 13–13–13), more supralabials (8 vs. 6), more infralabials (8 vs. 6), and more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 8), and by dorsal color pattern (dark uniform or faint stripes vs. cross-bars); from O. arenarius Vassilieva by having deeply forked hemipenis (vs. unforked), a larger size (552 mm vs. 389 mm), more maxillary teeth (11–13 vs. 6–8), and more ventrals (168–176 vs. 131–144); from O. booliati Leong & Grismer by having more supralabials (8 vs. 6 or 7), more ventrals (168–176 vs. 143–153), fewer subcaudals (33–37 vs. 54–60), and differen

Cryptops (C.) tahitianus Chamberlin, 1920 Cryptops (C.) tahitianus Chamberlin, 1920: 8 Cryptops (C.) tahitiana ���Attems, 1930: 214 Cryptops (C.) tahitiana ���Attems, 1953: 145, figs 12���14 Cryptops (C.) tahitiana ���Schileyko, 2007: 90 Previous records. LAO CAI (Fansifan Mts.); PHU THO (Phu Ho); THUA THIEN HUE (Hue); DA NANG (Ba Na NP); LAM DONG (Langbian Mts.) (Attems, 1953). Remarks. The species is originally known from India (Chamberlin, 1920). The records in Vietnam are doubtful, and need to be exactly confirmed (Schileyko, 2007)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Mecistocephalus rubriceps Wood, 1862 Mecistocephalus rubriceps Wood, 1862: 42 Mecistocephalus rubriceps ���Takakuwa, 1940: 67 Mecistocephalus rubriceps ���Attems, 1953: 141 Mecistocephalus rubriceps ���Wang & Mauri��s, 1996: 88 Mecistocephalus rubriceps ���Uliana et al., 2007: 35, figs 46���48 Previous records. LAO CAI (Sa Pa); KON TUM (Attems, 1953). Remarks. Also known from Laos, Taiwan, southern Japan, Philippines (Attems, 1953; Wang & Mauri��s, 1996; Uliana et al., 2007)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Genus Orphnaeus Mainert, 1870, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

FAMILY LITHOBIIDAE POCOCK, 1895

FAMILY LITHOBIIDAE POCOCK, 1895, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

FAMILLI MECISTOCEPHALIDAE BOLLMAN, 1893

FAMILY GEOPHILIDAE LEACH, 1815, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X., Nguyen, Anh D. (2013): An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 3722 (2): 219-244, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6

Mecistocephalus insularis (Lucas, 1863) Geophilus insularis Lucas, 1863: 93, plate 21, fig. 1 Mecistocephalus insularis ���Chamberlin, 1920: 62 Mecistocephalus insularis ���Attems, 1953: 141 Mecistocephalus insularis ���Lewis, 1996: 149 Mecistocephalus insularis ���Wang & Mauri��s, 1996: 89 Mecistocephalus insularis ���Uliana et al., 2007: 71 Mecistocephalus insularis ���Decker, 2013: 20 Previous records. THUA THIEN HUE (Hue); DAK LAK (Ban Me Thuat); LAM DONG (Da Lat, Langbian Mts.); KON TUM; Spratly Archipelago (Atoll Tizard) (Attems, 1953). Remarks. Also known from Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia (Seram Isl.), Singapore, China, Seychelles (Chamberlin, 1920; Attems, 1953; Wang & Mauri��s, 1996; Decker, 2013)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on pages 236-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Otostigmus astenus (Kohlrausch, 1878) Branchiotrema astenon Kohlrausch, 1878: 70, fig. 6 Otostigmus (O.) astenus ���Chamberlin, 1920: 13 Otostigmus (O.) astenus ���Attems, 1930: 143, fig. 174 Otostigmus astenus ���Attems, 1938: 337 Otostigmus astenus ���Attems, 1953: 138 Otostigmus astenus ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Otostigmus astenus ���Schileyko, 2001: 424 Otostigmus astenus ���Lewis, 2001: 21, fig. 37 Otostigmus astenus ���Chao & Chang, 2003: 2 Otostigmus astenus ���Schileyko, 2007: 78 Otostigmus astenus ���Lewis, 2007: 15 Otostigmus astenus ���Decker, 2013: 18 Branchiotrema calcitrans Kohlrausch, 1878: 71 Branchiotrema luzonicum Kohlrausch, 1878: 71 Otostigmus barbouri Chamberlin, 1914: 386, figs 1���3, synonymised by Lewis (2002) Otostigmus barbouri ���Lewis, 2002: 1691, figs 12���17 Otostigmus glaber Chamberlin, 1920: 12 Otostigmus glaber ���Lewis, 2002: 1695, figs 26���33 Otostigmus moluccanus Chamberlin, 1914: 388, figs 6���7 Otostigmus (O.) moluccanus ���Attems, 1930: 142 Otostigmus (O.) moluccanus ���Schileyko, 1992: 7 Otostigmus (O.) moluccanus ���Schileyko, 1995: 81, fig. 8 Otostigmus (O.) moluccanus ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Otostigmus (O.) moluccanus ���Schileyko, 2001: 424, 429 Otostigmus moluccanus ���Lewis, 2002: 1695, figs 23���25 Previous records. VINH PHUC (Tam Dao NP) (Schileyko, 1992). Remarks. Also known from India; Nepal; Cambodia; Indonesia; Taiwan, Moluccas (Ternate); Fiji Islands; Hawaiian Islands; Tonga Islands; Solomon Islands; Bismarck Archipelago; Indonesia (West Papua region); Australia (Chamberlin, 1920; Attems, 1930, 1938; Lewis, 2002; Chao & Chang, 2003; Schileyko, 2007)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Genus Alluropus Silvestri, 1911, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

FAMILY SCOLOPENDRIDAE POCOCK, 1895, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides Attems, 1938 Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides ���Attems, 1938: 334, fig. 307 Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides ���Attems, 1953: 138 Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides ���Schileyko, 2001: 434 Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides ���Schileyko, 2007: 76 Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides ���Lewis, 2010: 112, fig. 24, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on pages 229-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Genus Leptoschendyla Attems, 1953, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Ballophilus polypus Attems, 1907 Ballophilus polypus Attems, 1907: 93 Ballophilus polypus ���Attems, 1929: 102 Ballophilus polypus ���Attems, 1938: 325, figs 283���284. Previous records. KHANH HOA (Nha Trang, Cau Da) (Attems, 1938). Remarks. Also known from Indonesia (Attems, 1907, 1929)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) rhysus Attems, 1934 Lithobius (Monotarsobius) rhysus Attems, 1934: 315 Lithobius (Monotarsobius) rhysus ���Attems, 1953: 150 Lithobius (Monotarsobius) rhysus ���Wang & Mauri��s, 1996: 90 Lithobius (M.) rhysus ���Stagl & Zapparoli, 2006: 32 Previous records. LAO CAI (Fansifan Mts.) (Attems, 1953). Remarks. Also known from China, Taiwan (Attems, 1953, Wang & Mauri��s, 1996)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on pages 233-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Lithobius (Lithobius) modicus Attems, 1938 Lithobius (Alokobius) modicus Attems, 1938: 347 Lithobius (Lithobius) modicus ���Stagl & Zapparoli, 2006: 23 Previous records. LAM DONG (Da Lat) (Attems, 1938) Remarks. Only known from Vietnam. Its taxonomic status has never been revised since its original description., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 233, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Genus Mecistocephalus Newport, 1843, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Otostigmus reservatus Schileyko, 1995 Otostigmus (O.) reservatus Schileyko, 1995: 83, fig. 12 Otostigmus (O.) reservatus ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Otostigmus (O.) reservatus ���Schileyko, 2001: 431 Otostigmus (O.) reservatus ���Schileyko, 2007: 80, fig. 4, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Genus Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 Type-species. Scolopocryptops melanostoma Newport, 1845, by subsequent designation by Lucas (1849). Diagnosis. The most recent one is provided by Schileyko et al. 2020: 10. Range. China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Philippines, Sunda Archipelago, New Guinea, Fiji, West Africa, North, Central and South America, Caribbean islands. Remarks. The new general list of Scolopocryptops ’ species is presented in Appendix 1; the comparative morphological data for the main part of East Asian species are summarized in Appendix 5., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on page 414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Schileyko, A., Vahtera, V. & Edgecombe, G. D. (2020) An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses. Zootaxa, 4825 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4825.1.1"]}

Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes Leach, 1815 Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815: 383 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Chamberlin, 1920: 30 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Attems, 1930: 29 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Attems, 1938: 334 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Attems, 1953: 145 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Schileyko, 1992: 7 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Schileyko, 1995: 73 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Shelley, 2000: 42 Scolopendra subspinipes ���Shelley, 2002: 38, figs 50���56 Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes ���Schileyko, 2001: 434 Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes ���Chao & Chang, 2003: 2 Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes ���Lewis, 2004: 33 Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes ���Schileyko, 2007: 75 Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes ���Lewis, 2010: 112, fig. 21 Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes ���Decker, 2013: 19 Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans ���Attems, 1938: 334 Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans ���Attems, 1953: 138 Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Scolopendra subspinipes multidens ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Otostigmus puncticeps ���Attems, 1953: 146, synonymised by Lewis (2004) Otostigmus politoides ���Attems, 1953: 147, synonymised by Lewis (2004) Previous records. LAO CAI (Sa Pa); VINH PHUC (Tam Dao NP); HA TAY (currently known as extension region of HA NOI); HAI PHONG (Cat Ba NP); QUANG BINH (Minh Hoa; Dong Hoi); THUA THIEN HUE (Hue city); DA NANG (Ba Na Mts); DAK LAK (30km SSW of Ban Me Thuot); KHANH HOA (Hon Ba Mts); DONG NAI (Cat Tien NP) (Attems, 1938, 1953; Schileyko, 1992, 1995, 2007). Remarks. The species is distributed in all tropical and subtropical parts of Eurasia, but is absent from the Mediterranean region. It is also recorded from some parts of Africa, Phillippines, Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Caribbean region and South America (Chao & Chang, 2003; Schileyko, 2007, Shelley, 2002). See Minelli et al. (2006 onward) for more details of synonyms., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) honestus Attems, 1938 Lithobius (Monotarsobius) honestus Attems, 1938: 345 Lithobius (M.) honestus ���Attems, 1953: 150 Lithobius (M.) honestus ���Stagl & Zapparoli, 2006: 16 Previous records. LAM DONG (Da Lat, Langbian Mts.) (Attems, 1938). Remarks. Also known from Laos (Attems, 1953). Its taxonomic status has never been revised since its original description., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Genus Asanada Meinert, 1886, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Scoloporyptops rubiginosus C.L.Koch, 1878 Scolopocryptops rubiginosus C.L. Koch, 1878: 792 Otocryptops rubiginosa ���Attems, 1930: 259, figs 342���344 Otocryptops rubiginosus ���Chamberlin & Wang, 1952: 179 Otocryptops rubiginosa ���Attems, 1953: 138. Scolopocryptops rubiginosus ���Schileyko, 1995: 73 Scolopocryptops rubiginosus ���Schileyko, 1998: 268 Scolopocryptops rubiginosus ���Schileyko, 2001: 427 Scolopocryptops rubiginosus ���Shelley, 2002: 66, figs 96���107 Scolopocryptops rubiginosus ���Chao & Chang, 2003: 2 Scolopocryptops rubiginosus ���Schileyko, 2007: 73 Previous records. HA TINH (Vu Quang NP) (Schileyko, 2007). Remarks. Also known from China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and North America (Minnesota, Wisconsin to Texas) (Schileyko, 2007; Shelley, 2002; Chao & Chang, 2003)., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

FAMILY HENICOPIDAE POCOCK, 1901, Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) tricalcaratus (Attems, 1909) Monotarsobius tricalcaratus Attems, 1909: 20, taf. 1, fig. 5 Lithobius (Monotarsobius) tricalcaratus ���Attems, 1953: 151 Lithobius (M.) tricalcaratus ���Kevan, 1983: 2949 Monotarsobius tricalcaratus ���Stagl & Zapparoli, 2006: 38 Previous records. LAM DONG (Da Lat, Langbian Mts.) (Attems, 1953). Remarks. Also known from Alaska (US) (Attems, 1909; Keven, 1983). The records from Vietnam are doubtful and need to be revised carefully. ORDER GEOPHILOMORPHA FAMILY BALLOPHILIDAE COOK, 1896 Genus Ballophilus Cook, 1896 Ballophilus flavescens Attems, 1938 Ballophilus flavescens Attems, 1938: 324, fig. 282. Ballophilus flavescens ���Ilie et al., 2009: 28 Previous records. PHU YEN (Cap Varella); DONG NAI (Trang Bom) (Attems, 1938). Remarks. Only known from Vietnam. Its taxonomic status has never been revised since its original description. Ballophilus granulosus granulosus Attems, 1938 Ballophilus granulosus granulosus Attems, 1938: 326, figs 285���286 Ballophilus granulosus ���Attems, 1953: 140 Ballophilus granulosus ���Ilie et al., 2009: 32 Previous records. LAM DONG (Da Lat, Langbian Mts.) (Attems, 1953); DA NANG (Ba Na NP); KHANH HOA (Nha Trang, Ba Ngoi) (Attems, 1938). Remarks. Also known from Laos (Attems, 1953). Its taxonomic status has never been revised since its original description., Published as part of Tran, Binh T. T., Le, Son X. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2013, An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, pp. 219-244 in Zootaxa 3722 (2) on pages 234-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/216045