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Key to the French species of Pelecocera For several years we have used various keys to identify our specimens: Verlinden (1994), Stubbs & Falk (2002), Van Veen (2004), Haarto & Kerppola (2007), Speight & Sarthou (2017), but some features were not satisfactory: the colour of the legs is variable; the tergites may or may not have pairs of yellow or grey spots for the same species, especially on the autumn specimens (P. pruinosomaculata, P. caledonica), as already noted by Mik (1896) who recognised Pelecocera rectinervis Kertész, 1896 as a black morph of Pelecocera latifrons, now Pseudopelecocera latifrons; and the presence or absence of a few white or black bristles on the anterior anepisternum is also variable for four of the six species. For this work we examined about twenty-five characters and retained the most reliable ones. Characters examined, but not retained are: shape of the basoflagellomere, position of the arista on the basoflagellomere, shape of the face on lateral view, colour and pruisosity of the face, occiput width behind the inner corners of the eyes, colour of the setae on anterior anepimeron, pruinosity of the notopleuron, length of pili on the scutellum, leg colour, alula shape and distribution of microtrichia, pterostigma colour, pruinosity of the sternites, abdomen colour pattern, and genitalia shape. For females, the most diagnostic feature is the shape of the vertex and frons, which is unique for each species (Fig. 7). In P. lugubris and P. caledonica, the vertex appears as a continuation of the upper frons. In the other species, there is a discontinuation (ridge) between the lower and the upper frons, the latter being continuous with the vertex. The length from the anterior ocellus to the ridge of the vertex is also characteristic of each species. Pelecocera garrigae females have the peculiarity of not having any pollinose transverse band above the lunule (Fig. 2C), unlike all the other species. 1. Arista thick, inserted apically on basoflagellomere, composed of 3 highly visible segments in females, very short in males (Fig. 8A). Anepimeron, katepisternum and katepimeron partly shiny black....................................................................... P. tricincta (Abdomen with 3 yellow fasciae, sometimes narrowly interrupted in the middle) - Arista hair-like, inserted dorsally on basoflagellomere (Fig. 8B). Anepimeron, katepisternum and katepimeron entirely grey pollinose................................. 2 (Abdomen with orange or greyish pairs of maculae, or completely black) 2. Basal radial (r) and basal medial (bm) wing cells partly bare......................................... P. caledonica (Lunule polished on lateral arms and median triangle. Female frons polished black and slightly swollen and regularly convex, flanked by two parallel lines along the eyes, which reach the transverse pollinose band above the lunule, without being reduced anteriorly as in P. lugubris) - Basal radial (r) and basal medial (bm) wing cells entirely covered with microtrichia................................. 3 3. Anterior anepisternum with some white pile on the anterodorsal part (few and short in P. garrigae). Middle paraface wider (or as wide) than the diameter of the anterior ocellus (Figs. 9A and 9B)............................................. 4 - Anterior anepisternum without pile. Paraface narrower than the diameter of the posterior ocellus (Fig. 9C and 9D)........ 5 4. Lunule entirely grey pollinose (Fig 10A). Paraface wider than diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 9A)........... P. lugubris (Female: Frons strongly swollen after the vertex, forming a large, polished triangle bordered by two lines directed towards the lunule. Distance between the anterior ocellus and the apex of the triangle is approximately 4-5 times the diameter of the anterior ocellus. Punctation of the frons very thin and sparse. Transverse pollinose band above the lunule. Male: grey pollinose frons.) - Lunule brownish or blackish, slightly polished, and not pollinose (Fig 10B). Paraface as wide as diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 9B)............................................................................. P. garrigae sp. nov. (Female: Frons polished posteriorly to the vertex, delimited by a curved transverse line (ridge) between the two eyes: the distance between the anterior ocellus and the ridge is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the anterior ocellus. Anterior half of the frons strongly punctate, hardly polished, without transverse pollinose band above the lunule unlike all other Pelecocera species. Male: Frons punctate, slightly polished.) 5. Lunule with grey pollinose median triangle strongly contrasting with polished lateral arms (Fig. 10C). No setae on posterior anepisternum and notopleuron. Metafemora and metatibia completely yellow........................... P. scaevoides (Female: Distance between anterior ocellus and ridge very short, barely as long as diameter of the anterior ocellus. Ridge straight in the middle between the two eyes. In some specimens there is no visible ridge, the curvature of the frons is regular. Narrow transverse pollinose band above lunule.) - Lunule completely grey pollinose (Fig. 10D). Setae present on posterior anepisternum and notopleuron. Metafemora and metatibia usually with black ring............................................................. P. pruinosomaculata (Female: Distance between anterior ocellus and ridge short, about 1.5 - 2 times longer than diameter of the ocellus. Male: Flagellum almost entirely black or only black on the distal half. Spring specimens have more contrasting black and yellow legs, and less variability on the abdomen, especially males with obvious yellow spots. In large populations of autumn, there is a high variability in the coloration of the legs and the abdominal pattern. We do not know any locality with both generations, spring and autumn)., Published as part of Lair, Xavier, Ropars, Lise, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Kelso, Scott, Geslin, Benoît, Minssieux, Elise & Nève, Gabriel, 2022, Revision of the genus Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from France taxonomy, ecology and distribution, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on pages 14-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6577662, {"references":["Verlinden, L. (1994) Faune de Belgique. Syrphides (Syrphidae), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 289 pp.","Stubbs, A. E. & Falk, S. J. (2002) British Hoverflies. An Illustrated Identification Guide. Second edition. British Entomological & Natural History Society, London, 469 pp.","van Veen, M. P. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004274495","Haarto, A. & Kerppola, S. (2007) Suomen kukkakarpaset ja lahialueiden lajeja (Finnish hoverflies and some species in adjacent countries). Otava, Keuruu, 647 pp.","Speight, M. C. D. & Sarthou, J. - P. (2017) StN keys for the identification of the European species of various genera of Syrphidae 2017. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 99. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 139 pp.","Mik, J. (1896) Dipterologische Miscellen (2. Serie). Wiener entomologische Zeitung, 15, 106 - 114.","Kertesz, C. (1896) Pelecocera rectinervis, nova Dipterorum species ex Hungaria. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 19, 26 - 29."]}

Pelecocera garrigae Lair & Nève sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 7D, 8B, 9B, 10B Type material. HOLOTYPE: FRANCE: Pyrénées-Orientales: Sournia, Chemin de Roquebert, 42.7250°N 2.4660°E, alt. 480 m, 1 ♂ 17 April 2019 (X. Lair). Holotype deposited in the MNHN, specimen ED11396. PARATYPES: FRANCE, Bouches-du-Rhône: Marseilles, National Park of Calanques, La Panouse, 43.2564°N 5.4401°E, alt. 160 m, 1 ♂, 2 April 2017, IMBE 1001 and 1 ♀, 5 April 2018 (L. Ropars), paratype deposited in the MNHN, specimen ED11397; National Park of Calanques, La Gardiole, 43.2406°N 5.4781°E, alt. 203 m, 1 ♀, 3 May 2017, IMBE 1002; 1 ♀ 7 May 2018 (L. Ropars), CNC 1619206; Pyrénées-Orientales: 1 ♀, Sournia, chemin de Roquebert, 42.7250°N 2.4660°E, alt. 480 m, 24 April 2013 (X. Lair), this specimen was mentioned as P. lusitanica by Speight et al. (2013) and in Lair et al. (2021), XL01001; 1 ♀, 3 May 2018, (X. Lair), XL01002; 3 ♂, 17 April 2019 (X. Lair & C. Kassebeer), XL01003-01005; 1 ♂, 25 April 2020 (X. Lair), XL01006; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 28 April 2020, (X. Lair & E. Lecointe), XL01007-01008; 1 ♀, 4 May 2020 (A. Parret), XL01009; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: 1 ♂, Saint-Michel l’Observatoire, 43,9300°N 5.7189°E, alt. 650 m, Malaise trap, 19-26 May 2010 (J.P. Orts & G. Nève), GN00524. Additional examined material: SPAIN, Malaga: ♀, Istan, 500 – 600m [ca. 36.5828°N 4.9494°W], 5 April 1972 (leg V. S. van der Goot & J.A.W. Lucas), NBC (mentioned as Pelecocera (Chamaesyrphus) Lair & Nève spec. nov in van Eck & Mengual 2021). FRANCE, Vaucluse: ♀, Caromb, Lac du Paty [ca. 44.1322° N 5.1136° E], 30 May 1995 (leg. Merz & Eggenberger), det. G. Pétremand 2020, MHNG. Diagnosis. Pelecocera garrigae sp. nov. is readily identified as belonging to the Chamaesyrphus subgenus due to the hair-like arista located dorsally on the basoflagellomere, and the anterior anepisternum with some white pile anterodorsally. In P. garrigae, the face protrudes forward and is entirely black with a shiny median stripe and mouth edge; the face sides are strongly pollinose, appearing light grey. The parafaces along the eyes are wide, reminiscent of Cheilosia Meigen, 1822. The lunule is slightly shiny and not pollinose. The frons is punctuate and not pollinose. The abdominal pattern is variable, either entirely black, or with pairs of lateral reddish-brown spots of varying size on tergites 3 to 5 (females), or 4 to 5 (males), or only on tergite 5 (females). Description. MALE. Measurements . total body length (without antennae): 4.8 mm; wing length: 3.6 mm (holotype). Total body length: 4.8−6.4 mm; wing length: 3.6-4.7 mm (n = 3). Head. Antenna black, basoflagellomere with small ventral posterior orange spot. Arista black, bare, inserted dorsaly before the apex (from the middle to the three quarters of the ridge). Face: protrudes forward, entirely black and strongly pollinose, appearing whitish, except shiny mouth edge. Paraface narrower than in females. Frons: punctate and hardly polished, delimited by a curved transverse line (ridge) between the two eyes: the distance between the anterior ocellus and the ridge is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the anterior ocellus. Lunule: black, slightly shiny. Eyes bare. Thorax. Mesoscutum and scutellum shiny black, finely punctuate. covered with semi erected short white pile. Postpronotum and notopleuron pollinose. Scutellum shiny black. Pleura black, entirely pollinose. Anterior anepisternum with 3 or 4 white pile. One black seta on posterior anepisternum, postero-dorsally. Legs: Mainly black, with yellow trochanters. Covered with short white hairs. Femora 1-3 black, narrowly yellow at basal and apical ends. Tibiae 1-2 black, with third to half basal yellow bases and apex narrowly yellow. Tibia 3 black with yellow knees. Tarsi 1 and 2 yellowish to entirely black. Tarsus 3 black. Wing: Entirely covered with microtrichia. Upper outer cross-vein M1 strongly sloping. Stigma pale yellow. Alula: narrow, entirely covered with microtrichia. Abdomen. Narrow, with parallel edges. Tergites entirely black or with badly defined red brown lateral spots on tergites 3 and 4. Pregenital segment with white pile. Sternites: lustrous black, slightly pollinose, densely punctuated. Genitalia. The surstyli are symmetrical. Viewed laterally, their shape is subtriangular with a blunt apex covered with whitish pile. The cerci are semicircular, with long whitish pile. The hypandrium is elongate, subcylindrical, with a black cap at its apex and a bifid appendix ventrally. FEMALE. Very similar to males. Measurements: Total length (without antennae): 5.1 to 8.0 mm, wing length 4.4 to 6.5 mm (n=4). Head: Antenna black, basoflagellomere orange ventrally, with black upper ridge, the face protrudes forward and is entirely black, with a shiny mouth edge and a black shiny median stripe, the lateral face is pollinose, appearing light grey. The paraface are wider than in the male, reminiscent of Cheilosia. The anterior half of the frons is punctate and hardly polished, without any transverse pollinose band above the lunule unlike all other Pelecocera species. The lunule is dark brown or black, slightly shiny. Abdomen: The tergites are completely black, or with pairs of reddish-brown lateral spots on tergites 3 to 5, or only on tergite 5. Etymology. From the French noun “garrigue” (Bigot & Picard 1989), describing the Mediterranean scrubland on limestone where the species was found. Distribution. This species is known only from the locations mentioned above, in the French administrative departments of Pyrénées-Orientales, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Vaucluse (Fig. 3). In the Parc National des Calanques it has been found at localities up to 5.5 km apart. The species is probably still to be found in other limestone areas of Mediterranean France. The specimen from the Spanish province of Malaga indicates that the species is also be present in Spain.

Pelecocera garrigae Lair & Nève sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 7D, 8B, 9B, 10B Type material. HOLOTYPE: FRANCE: Pyrénées-Orientales: Sournia, Chemin de Roquebert, 42.7250°N 2.4660°E, alt. 480 m, 1 ♂ 17 April 2019 (X. Lair). Holotype deposited in the MNHN, specimen ED11396. PARATYPES: FRANCE, Bouches-du-Rhône: Marseilles, National Park of Calanques, La Panouse, 43.2564°N 5.4401°E, alt. 160 m, 1 ♂, 2 April 2017, IMBE 1001 and 1 ♀, 5 April 2018 (L. Ropars), paratype deposited in the MNHN, specimen ED11397; National Park of Calanques, La Gardiole, 43.2406°N 5.4781°E, alt. 203 m, 1 ♀, 3 May 2017, IMBE 1002; 1 ♀ 7 May 2018 (L. Ropars), CNC 1619206; Pyrénées-Orientales: 1 ♀, Sournia, chemin de Roquebert, 42.7250°N 2.4660°E, alt. 480 m, 24 April 2013 (X. Lair), this specimen was mentioned as P. lusitanica by Speight et al. (2013) and in Lair et al. (2021), XL01001; 1 ♀, 3 May 2018, (X. Lair), XL01002; 3 ♂, 17 April 2019 (X. Lair & C. Kassebeer), XL01003-01005; 1 ♂, 25 April 2020 (X. Lair), XL01006; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 28 April 2020, (X. Lair & E. Lecointe), XL01007-01008; 1 ♀, 4 May 2020 (A. Parret), XL01009; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: 1 ♂, Saint-Michel l’Observatoire, 43,9300°N 5.7189°E, alt. 650 m, Malaise trap, 19-26 May 2010 (J.P. Orts & G. Nève), GN00524. Additional examined material: SPAIN, Malaga: ♀, Istan, 500 – 600m [ca. 36.5828°N 4.9494°W], 5 April 1972 (leg V. S. van der Goot & J.A.W. Lucas), NBC (mentioned as Pelecocera (Chamaesyrphus) Lair & Nève spec. nov in van Eck & Mengual 2021). FRANCE, Vaucluse: ♀, Caromb, Lac du Paty [ca. 44.1322° N 5.1136° E], 30 May 1995 (leg. Merz & Eggenberger), det. G. Pétremand 2020, MHNG. Diagnosis. Pelecocera garrigae sp. nov. is readily identified as belonging to the Chamaesyrphus subgenus due to the hair-like arista located dorsally on the basoflagellomere, and the anterior anepisternum with some white pile anterodorsally. In P. garrigae, the face protrudes forward and is entirely black with a shiny median stripe and mouth edge; the face sides are strongly pollinose, appearing light grey. The parafaces along the eyes are wide, reminiscent of Cheilosia Meigen, 1822. The lunule is slightly shiny and not pollinose. The frons is punctuate and not pollinose. The abdominal pattern is variable, either entirely black, or with pairs of lateral reddish-brown spots of varying size on tergites 3 to 5 (females), or 4 to 5 (males), or only on tergite 5 (females). Description. MALE. Measurements . total body length (without antennae): 4.8 mm; wing length: 3.6 mm (holotype). Total body length: 4.8−6.4 mm; wing length: 3.6-4.7 mm (n = 3). Head. Antenna black, basoflagellomere with small ventral posterior orange spot. Arista black, bare, inserted dorsaly before the apex (from the middle to the three quarters of the ridge). Face: protrudes forward, entirely black and strongly pollinose, appearing whitish, except shiny mouth edge. Paraface narrower than in females. Frons: punctate and hardly polished, delimited by a curved transverse line (ridge) between the two eyes: the distance between the anterior ocellus and the ridge is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the anterior ocellus. Lunule: black, slightly shiny. Eyes bare. Thorax. Mesoscutum and scutellum shiny black, finely punctuate. covered with semi erected short white pile. Postpronotum and notopleuron pollinose. Scutellum shiny black. Pleura black, entirely pollinose. Anterior anepisternum with 3 or 4 white pile. One black seta on posterior anepisternum, postero-dorsally. Legs: Mainly black, with yellow trochanters. Covered with short white hairs. Femora 1-3 black, narrowly yellow at basal and apical ends. Tibiae 1-2 black, with third to half basal yellow bases and apex narrowly yellow. Tibia 3 black with yellow knees. Tarsi 1 and 2 yellowish to entirely black. Tarsus 3 black. Wing: Entirely covered with microtrichia. Upper outer cross-vein M1 strongly sloping. Stigma pale yellow. Alula: narrow, entirely covered with microtrichia. Abdomen. Narrow, with parallel edges. Tergites entirely black or with badly defined red brown lateral spots on tergites 3 and 4. Pregenital segment with white pile. Sternites: lustrous black, slightly pollinose, densely punctuated. Genitalia. The surstyli are symmetrical. Viewed laterally, their shape is subtriangular with a blunt apex covered with whitish pile. The cerci are semicircular, with long whitish pile. The hypandrium is elongate, subcylindrical, with a black cap at its apex and a bifid appendix ventrally. FEMALE. Very similar to males. Measurements: Total length (without antennae): 5.1 to 8.0 mm, wing length 4.4 to 6.5 mm (n=4). Head: Antenna black, basoflagellomere orange ventrally, with black upper ridge, the face protrudes forward and is entirely black, with a shiny mouth edge and a black shiny median stripe, the lateral face is pollinose, appearing light grey. The paraface are wider than in the male, reminiscent of Cheilosia. The anterior half of the frons is punctate and hardly polished, without any transverse pollinose band above the lunule unlike all other Pelecocera species. The lunule is dark brown or black, slightly shiny. Abdomen: The tergites are completely black, or with pairs of reddish-brown lateral spots on tergites 3 to 5, or only on tergite 5. Etymology. From the French noun “garrigue” (Bigot & Picard 1989), describing the Mediterranean scrubland on limestone where the species was found. Distribution. This species is known only from the locations mentioned above, in the French administrative departments of Pyrénées-Orientales, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Vaucluse (Fig. 3). In the Parc National des Calanques it has been found at localities up to 5.5 km apart. The species is probably still to be found in other limestone areas of Mediterranean France. The specimen from the Spanish province of Malaga indicates that the species is also be present in Spain., Published as part of Lair, Xavier, Ropars, Lise, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Kelso, Scott, Geslin, Benoît, Minssieux, Elise & Nève, Gabriel, 2022, Revision of the genus Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from France taxonomy, ecology and distribution, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6577662, {"references":["Speight, M. C. D., Sarthou, J. - P., Lair, X., Garrigue, J., Magdalou, J. - A., Falgas, B. & Grel, A. (2013) Liste des Syrphes repertoriees dans le departement des Pyrenees-Orientales. Les Syrphes de la Massane, synthese des connaissances et mise en oeuvre d'une methode d'evaluation de l'integrite ecologique des milieux. Reserve Naturelle de la Massane. Travaux, 96, 1 - 50.","Lair, X., Parret, A., Garrin, M. & Minssieux, E. (2021) Nouvelles observations et mise a jour de la liste des syrphes des Pyrenees-Orientales: plus de 370 especes! (Diptera, Syrphidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie, 30, 164 - 170.","van Eck, A. & Mengual, X. (2021) Review of the genus Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae) in the Palaearctic with the description of a new species from Cyprus. Contributions to Entomology, 71, 321 - 342.","Meigen, J. W. (1822) Systematische Beschreibung des bakannte eupaischen zwaiflugelingen Insekten. Vol. 3. Schulzische Buchhandlung, Hamm, 416 pp.","Bigot, L. & Picard, J. (1989) Remarques sur les Pterophoridae francais du genre Merrifielda, M. neli et M. garrigae, especes nouvelles (Lep. Pterophoridae). Alexanor, 15 (7), 25 - 40."]}

Tomosvaryella freidbergi De Meyer, 1995 Figs 14A‒E, 54 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the slender shape of surstyli in dorsal view (Fig. 14A); both surstyli straight in basal half, gently bent in apical half in lateral view (Fig. 14D‒E); epandrium longer than wide (Fig. 14A); gonopods equal in height (Fig. 14B). Based on the shape of genitalia, this species is part of the kuthyi species group (Tomosvaryella emaratensis sp. nov., T. cyprusensis sp. nov., T. hispanica, T. israelensis, T. kuthyi and T. parakuthyi). It differs from these species by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, slender, slightly straight in basal half and being bent in apical half (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 13a–c; Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 10A–D). See diagnosis of T. emaratensis sp. nov. and T. cyprusensis sp. nov. for more details. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: ISRAEL: Mt. Hermon, 33°25'N, 35°51'E, 2000 m a.s.l., 1.vii.1986, A. Freidberg, JSS52375 (1♂, TAU); PARATYPE: ISRAEL: Meron, 32°59'N, 35°26'E, 11.iv.1974, F. Nachbar, JSS52376 (1♂, TAU). Other specimens examined: CYPRUS: Kyrenia, 35°21'N, 33°09'E, 16‒30.vii.2017, O. Ozden, Malaise trap, JSS52356 (1♂, CNC); IRAN: North Khorasan: Biar, 37°53'N, 57°35'E, 1008 m a.s.l., 10‒ 24.vi.2016, B. Motamedinia, Malaise trap; JSS52018 (1♂, CNC); Chenaran village, 37°27'N, 57°36'E, 1300 m a.s.l., 12.vi.2016, B. Motamedinia, sweep net, JSS51963 (1♂, CNC); South Khorasan: Ghiok, 32°47'N, 59°07'E, 1917 m a.s.l., 9.vi.2016, B. Motamedinia, sweep net, JSS52000 (1♂, CNC); Kermanshah: Dodan, 35°00'N, 46°12'E, 1011 m a.s.l., Garden, 20.vi.2016, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS52177 (1♂, CNC); ISRAEL: Har Hermon, 33°18'N, 35°46'E, 2000 m a.s.l., 3.viii.1995, A. Freidberg, JSS52076 (1♂, TAU). Distribution: Czech Republic Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyz Republic, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Turkey (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 54). Notes: DNA barcodes of T. freidbergi are identical to those of T. kuthyi (0.0‒1.5% pairwise divergence). The terminalia of these species differ a little by the shape of left surstylus, so this is likely a case of recently-diverged species or ancestral hybridisation. It is possible that these are a single species with polymorphic genitalia, so future genetic work is warranted., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella nimroozensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 25A–F, 56, 68A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the asymmetrical surstyli in dorsal view, broadened in basal, left surstylus knobbed apically, right surstylus narrowed in apical half (Fig. 25A); gonopods equal in height in ventral view (Fig. 25B); small phallic guide in lateral view (Fig. 25D). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.9 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel, flagellum, arista dark brown. Pedicel gray pollinose in apical half, with three upper setae and 1-2 lower setae. Flagellum gray pollinose and tapering (LF:WF = 3.0); arista dark, with thickened base. Eyes meeting for a distance of 6‒8 facets. Frons dark silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose with scattered short black setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 4-6 yellowish setae along the upper margin (up to 0.02 mm). Prescutum, scutum and scutellum black. Scutum with two uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum with 14–16 thin short setae along lateral margin (up to 0.02 mm). Subscutellum black, gray pollinose. Pleura black but dark brown on pteropleuron, hypopleuron and sternopleuron. Wing. Length: 3.85 mm. LW:MWW = 5.13. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaches dm at the middle. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.4 mm. Whitish, narrowly brown at base. Legs. Coxae dark brown, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with four dark anterior setae. Trochanters brown, smooth. Femora dark with light brown apices, gray pollinose. Mid and hind femora bearing two rows of small spines in apical half and with one wrinkled indentation at the base. Tibiae brown but dark at middle, with two ventral rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown with scattered brown setae at anterior margin, basitarsi longer than other tarsomeres. Pulvilli yellow. Claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark. Tergite 1 densely gray pollinose, with 8–10 dark lateral setae (up to 0.11 mm). Tergites 2–5 gray pollinose, with scattered brown setae. Sternites light brown laterally and dark brown centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE: MWE = 0.5). Surstyli asymmetrical, elongated (Fig. 25A). Both surstyli broad at base, base of left surstylus triangular-shaped, base of right surstylus square-shaped, left surstylus entirely constricted at middle and knobbed apically, right surstylus narrowed in apical half, left surstylus higher than right one (Fig. 25A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods wide, equal in height (Fig. 25B). Subepandrial sclerite small (Fig. 25B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli bent in middle towards sternite (Fig. 25E–F). Phallic guide short, phallus with three ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 25D). Ejaculatory apodeme rather spade-shaped (Fig. 25C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Nimrooz, from where the holotype was collected. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, 31°03'N, 61°22'E, 7.iv.2016, M. Enaiatnia, Malaise trap, JSS51819 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 56). Notes: T. nimroozensis sp. nov. is not genetically similar to any other known Tomosvaryella species. Tomosvaryella pilosiventris is closest to T. nimroozensis sp. nov. with 12.2% pairwise difference (Supplementary Table 1).

Tomosvaryella argyrata De Meyer, 1995 Fig. 50 Diagnosis: Following De Meyer (1995), this species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli, broadened at base and gradually tapering toward apices in dorsal view, both surstyli slightly curved towards abdominal sternites in lateral view (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 9a); epandrium longer than wide, phallic guide slender and long in lateral view, hind femur ventrally with long pale setae (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 9b). Based on the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, this species is similar to T. pistacia Majnon-Jahromi & Kehlmaier in Majnon-Jahromi et al. 2017b (Fig. 32A) and T. argyratoides De Meyer, 1995 (Fig. 5A). It differs from both species by having long pale setae on the hind femur. Moreover, Tomosvaryella pistacia has wider epandrium and its surstyli are more angulate in lateral view (Fig. 32A, D, E). Distribution: Iran, Israel (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 50)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Majnon-Jahromi, B., Gheibi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Kehlmaier, C. & Hesami, S. (2017 b) Pipunculidae (Diptera) from southern Iran, including two new species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczel. Zootaxa, 4273 (4), 488 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4273.4.2","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella helwanensis (Collin, 1949) Fig. 53 Diagnosis: Following Kehlmaier et al. (2019), this species can be recognized by the symmetrical surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at the base, both surstyli slightly bean-shaped in lateral view; epandrium wider than long; phallus trifid, one of ejaculatory duct with small spines; phallic guide bent towards surstyli in lateral view (Kehlmaier et al. 2019: fig. 8A–D). Distribution: Egypt, Israel (Kehlamier et al. 2019; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 53)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Collin, J. E. (1949) Results of the Armstrong College Expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan Desert), 1935, under the leadership of Prof. J. Omer-Cooper. Diptera Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Aschiza and Acalypterae. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 33, 175 - 225.","Kehlmaier, C., Gibbs, D. J. & Withers, P. (2019) New records of big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Mediterranean Basin. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 68 (1), 31 - 60","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella oshidae Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 27G, 28A–E, 59, 68C–D Diagnosis: The male of this species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broad basically, constricted in apical third (Fig. 28A); large gonopods in ventral view (Fig. 28B); broad phallic guide; ejaculatory ducts strictly bent into phallic guide in lateral view (Fig. 28C). The female can be recognized by long ovipositor, curved and reaching the mid coxa (Fig. 27G). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 4.5 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel, flagellum and arista dark. Pedicel with three upper dark setae; flagellum light brown, gray pollinose and tapering (LF:WF = 1.7). Eyes meeting for a distance of 13‒14 facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose; vertex shining; occiput gray pollinose with scattered light brown setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light brown with pale setae along the upper margin (up to 0.01 mm). Prescutum and scutum black, light brown pollinose; Scutum with two dark uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with 12 setae along posterior margin. Subscutellum black, pleura dark brown. Wing. Wing length: 2.4 mm. LW:MWW = 3.4. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.5 mm. Brown to yellowish, narrowly black at base. Legs. Coxae and trochanters black, gray pollinose, mid coxa with three black anterior setae; hind trochanter with scattered short pale bristle. Femora dark brown with narrow yellow apices, silver pollinose and 5‒8 ventral spines towards apex. All femora with one wrinkled indentation in basal. Tibiae light brown at base, gray pollinose, with two rows of short black setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with one wrinkled indentation in middle. Tibiae without distal spines. Tarsi light brown, distitarsi dark, claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color brown, tergite 1 covered by densely silver-gray pollinose, with eight short dark lateral setae, tergite 2‒5 with weak silvergray pollinose and with scattered brown setae. Sternites white-yellow laterally with dark mid-line centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: surstyli asymmetrical, both with broad base and constricted in apical third but base of the right boarder than left one, left surstyli knobbed apically, right surstyli curved toward left one apically (Fig. 28A), epandrium wider than long. Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods large, broadened, equal in height (Fig. 28B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli broadened at base, strictly bent in apical third towards sternite (Fig. 28D‒E); phallic guide broad, pointed; phallus wavy, bent into phallic guide (Fig. 28C). FEMALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.6 mm. Head. Eyes separated. Frons silver-gray pollinose, concaved shortly after ocelli to lower third of frons. Occiput gray pollinose. Pedicel with four upper dark setae and one lower setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose, with 4–5 light brown setae along the upper margin (up to 0.01 mm). Prescutum and scutum, scutellum black, light brown pollinose in dorsocentral area. Wing. Length: 3.5 mm. LW:MWW = 3.8. Legs. Hind trochanter with 6–8 light brown setae. All femora bearing one wrinkled indentation in basal. Fore femur more widened. Hind trochanter with two wrinkled indentations in middle. Distitarsi with long brown setae at anterior margin. Pulvilli broadened and leaf-shaped; claws long, twice the length of distitarsi. Abdomen. Tergites 1–6 gray pollinose with scattered short light brown setae. Ovipositor. Base of ovipositor dark brown, gray pollinose dorsally, with some scattered short pale setae. Viewed laterally (Fig. 27G), base of piercer curved, piercer long and angled between proximal and distal part and reached mid coxa. LP: LB = 2.5. LDP:LPP = 4.0. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Oshida, the old name of Khaje mountain and a female name in mythology, from where the holotype specimen was collected. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, 31°07'N, 61°28'E, 481 m a.s.l., 6.vi.2016, H. Derafshan, sweep net, JSS51818 (1♂, CNC); PARATYPE: IRAN: South Khorasan: Mohammadieh, 32°52'N, 59°01'E, 1419 m a.s.l., 3–17.vii.2016, B. Motamedinia, funnel Malaise trap, JSS51976 (1♀, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 59). Note: Based on DNA barcodes, T. oshidae sp. nov. is genetically most similar to T. pseudophanes, with 11.1% pairwise difference. The male and female sequenced differ by only 0.17% (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella saudiensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 35A–E, 46C, 54, 69A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by one distinct thorn-like projection and two small ones on the hind trochanter (Fig. 46C); elongated surstyli, broadened in basal two thirds in dorsal view (Fig. 35A), rather curved in lateral view (Fig. 35D–E); long phallic guide; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with a downward projection in lateral view (Fig. 35D–E). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 2.7 mm. Head. Face dark, light pollinose. Scape and pedicel dark; pedicel with a pair of short upper setae; flagellum light brown, tip paler than base, tapering and gray-light brown pollinose (LF:WF = 2.4); arista dark brown, with thickened base. Eyes meeting for a distance of 6–7 facets. Frons dark, light brown pollinose, vertex dark, lacking pollinosity, bearing an elevated ocellar triangle; vertex dark, lacking pollinosity; occiput dark, gray pollinose with scattered short dark setae. Thorax. Pleura, prescutum, scutum and scutellum brown. Pleura gray pollinose. Postpronotal lobe yellow, weakly gray pollinose and with 2–3 light brown along upper margin. Prescutum and scutum narrowly light brown pollinose, with some setae along anterior margin of prescutum area and some supra-alar setae. Scutellum light brown pollinose on anterior margin, with about 2–3 thin short setae along posterior margin (up to 0.03 mm). Subscutellum gray pollinose. Wing. Length: 2.1 mm. LW:MWW = 3.6. Wing almost entirely covered in microtrichia. M 1 gently undulating. Halter length: 0.25 mm. Base brown, knob paler than base. Legs. Coxae dark brown, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with 2–3 light brown setae on apical margin. Trochanters dark, gray pollinose. Hind trochanter with a long (0.08 mm) thorn-like projection on basal margin and two smaller one on apical margin (Fig. 46C). Femora dark brown, slightly light brown at apex, gray pollinose. Hind femur with one wrinkled indentation in basal. Tibiae light brown, distinctly dark brown in middle, gray pollinose with one wrinkled indentation in middle. Tarsi light brown and paler than tibiae, gray pollinose, with some light brown setae dorsally. Pulvilli yellow. Claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown, light brown pollinose. Tergite 1 with three to four strong lateral setae. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium brown, slightly longer than wide (MLE:MWE = 1.1). Surstyli brown and rather symmetrical, elongated and rather broadened in basal two thirds, curved to each other at apex (Fig. 35A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods equal in height, right broader than left one (Fig. 35B); subepandrial sclerite elongated, rather rectangular-shaped (Fig. 35B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli weakly concave (Fig. 35D–E); phallic guide thin and long, (Fig. 35D–E); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with a downward projection (Fig. 35D–E). Ejaculatory apodeme cylindrical-shaped (Fig. 35C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Saudi Arabia, from where the specimen was collected. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: SAUDI ARABIA: Hada Al Asham Valle, ~ 125 km Northeast of Jeddah, 22°22'N, 40°01'E, viii-ix.2000, ex. cultivated Alfalfa, CNCD147709 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Fig. 54). Note: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is genetically most similar to T. jubata, differing by 4.0% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 62-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella debruyni De Meyer, 1995 Figs 9A–D, 48A, 52 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the horn-like projection in middle of frons (Fig. 48A); epandrium wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 9A); surstyli broadened in the middle and gradually tapering toward apices in dorsal view (Fig. 9A); both surstyli slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 9C–D); phallus trifid, with three wavy ejaculatory ducts, one with teeth-like projections in basal half in lateral view (Fig. 9C–D); small and broad phallic guide (Fig. 9C); gonopods equal in height in ventral view (Fig. 9B). Specimens examined: ISRAEL [PALESTINE on the label]: Beth Hakerem, Jerusalem, 31°46'N, 35°12'E, 22.v.1980, O. Theodor, JSS51736 (1♂, TAU); Har Horesha, 30°34'N, 34°31'E, 900–1000 m a.s.l., 18.iv.1998, JSS51716 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Israel, Morocco, Tajikistan (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 52). Note: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is closest to T. ellipiensis sp. nov., differing by 6.4% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella transvaalensis De Meyer, 1993 Figs 42A‒E, 64 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, constricted in middle, knobshaped apically (Fig. 42A); epandrium wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 42A); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one longer, coiled, bearing small setae in lateral view (Fig. 42D‒E); gonopods equal in height (Fig. 42B), hypandrium ovate-shaped with distinct hypandrial apodeme in ventral view (Fig. 42B). Specimens examined: ISRAEL: Nahal Lavan, 30°51'N, 34°36'E, 30.iv.1996, I. Yarom, JSS51786 (1♂, TAU); Sede Halamish, 31°00'N, 35°07'E, 30.iv.1996, A. Freidberg, JSS52093 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Israel, South Africa (Fig. 64). Note: This sort of disjunct distribution raises some questions. Could this be a crypic pair of species? Is the gap caused by collecting bias? These questions can only be answered by more field work to try to fill gaps, and molecular work to test existing species concepts. We attempted to sequence these specimens but failed. More work is needed., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1993) A revision of the Afrotropical species of Tomosvaryella Aczel, 1939 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 34, 43 - 101."]}

Tomosvaryella bistounensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 6A–F, 51, 66A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broad at base and elongated; both surstyli bent toward sternites in lateral view (Fig. 6A); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with three spines in lateral view (Fig. 6F). Other species that have such distinct spines are T. israelensis De Meyer, 1995 (Fig. 20D‒E), T. jubata De Meyer, 1995 (Fig. 221D), T. minuscula (Collin, 1956) (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 13E–F) and T. sedomensis De Meyer, 1995 (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 21f). On the basis of genitalia characters, this species is close to Tomosvaryella cilifemorata (Becker, 1907) (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 11A–E; Kehlmaier et al. 2019: fig. 6A) and Tomosvaryella mutata (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 15A–D). It differs by the shape of surstyli in lateral view and having three distinct spines on one of ejaculatory ducts (Figs 6F). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.6 mm (n = 5). Head. Scape, pedicel, arista dark. Pedicel with a pair of dorsal setae; flagellum light brown, gray pollinose and tapering, distinctly paler than pedicel (LF:WF = 3.0). Eyes meeting for a distance of seven facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Occiput dark, gray pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light brown with 2–3 pale setae along the upper margin (up to 0.03 mm). Prescutum and scutum black, prescutum silver-gray pollinose and scutum light brown pollinose, with scattered setae at anterior supra-alar area and uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with 1–2 thin short setae along posterior margin (up to 0.03 mm). Subscutellum and pleura black. Wing. Wing length: 2.5 mm., LW:MWW = 2.7. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.33 mm. Brown to yellowish, narrowly black at base. Legs. Coxae black, trochanters dark brown, smooth. Femora dark brown with narrow yellow apices, silver pollinose. Mid and hind femora with one or two wrinkled indentations in basal. Tibiae brown at base, gray pollinose, with two rows of short brown setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Tibiae without distal spines, mid and hind tibiae with one or two wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown, distitarsi brown. Abdomen. Ground color dark, tergite 1 silver gray pollinose, tergites 2‒5 brown pollinose with scattered short dark setae. Tergite 5 asymmetrical, T5R:T5L=1.2. Membranous area present. Sternites brown laterally and dark centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Surstyli elongated, almost symmetrical, with a broad base and inward bent tips, left surstylus slightly longer (Fig. 6A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods equal in height, right slightly broader than left one (Fig. 6B); genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli broad at base and bent toward sternites (Fig. 6D‒E); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with three long spines towards phallic guide (Fig. 6F); ejaculatory apodeme tube-like, bent, with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 6C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Bistoun, an archaeological site in Kermanshah from where the specimens have been collected. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Kermanshah: Ghazanchi, 34°26'N, 47°00'E, 1304 m a.s.l., 15.vi.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51939 (1♂, CNC). PARATYPES: IRAN: Kermanshah: Dodan, 35°00'N, 46°12'E, 1011 m a.s.l., Garden, 22.vii.2016, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS52194 (1♂, CNC); Ghazanchi, 34°26'N, 47°00'E, 1304 m a.s.l., 15.vi.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51935, JSS51940 (2♂, TAU, CNC); Gheshlagh, 34°56'N, 46°27'E, 1533 m a.s.l., 1.vi.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51950 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 51). Notes: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is closest to T. minuscula (Collin, 1956), differing by 0.9% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1). It is possible that these are a single species with polymorphic genitalia, so future genetic and ecological work are required to confirm their taxonomic status., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Collin, J. E. (1956) Scandinavian Pipunculidae. 1. On the species of Pipunculus in the collection of Fallen at Stockholm and Zetterstedt, and others at Lund. Opuscula Entomologica, 21, 149 - 169.","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334.","Becker, T. (1907) Die Ergebnisse meiner dipterologischen Fruhjahrsreise nach Algier und Tunis, 1906. (Forts. aus 1906). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7, 225 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9280","Kehlmaier, C., Gibbs, D. J. & Withers, P. (2019) New records of big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Mediterranean Basin. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 68 (1), 31 - 60"]}

Tomosvaryella cilifemorata (Becker, 1907) Fig. 49 Diagnosis: Following Földvári & De Meyer (1999), this species can be recognized by the elongated surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at base, both surstyli normally curved in lateral view; epandrium longer than wide; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with saw-like teeth; long hair on hind femur; black halter (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 11A–E; Kehlmaier et al. 2019: fig. 6A). Distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Morocco, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999; Kehlmaier et al. 2019; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 49)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Becker, T. (1907) Die Ergebnisse meiner dipterologischen Fruhjahrsreise nach Algier und Tunis, 1906. (Forts. aus 1906). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7, 225 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9280","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334.","Kehlmaier, C., Gibbs, D. J. & Withers, P. (2019) New records of big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Mediterranean Basin. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 68 (1), 31 - 60","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella trichotibialis De Meyer, 1995 Fig. 62 Diagnosis: Following De Meyer (1995), this species can be recognized by the rectangular-shaped surstyli in dorsal view, slightly broadened at base; epandrium as long as wide; straight ejaculatory ducts; hind tibia with long setae apically (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 22a–f). Distribution: Israel, Morocco, Spain (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 62)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella jubata De Meyer, 1995 Figs 21A–E, 47A, 53 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the small epandrium, wider than long (Fig. 21A); both surstyli rather straight in lateral view (Fig. 21D–E); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with some long spines towards surstyli in lateral view (Fig. 21D); subepandrial sclerite long, both sides with about seven setae apically (Fig. 21B); gonopods broad, equal in height (Fig. 21B); hind trochanter with a small projection (Fig. 47A). Specimens examined: IRAN: Khuzestan: Shush, 32°06'N, 48°26'E, 68 m a.s.l., 11.iii–10.v.2015, E. Gilasian, Malaise trap, JSS52231, JSS 52203 (1♂, ♀, CNC). Distribution: Israel, Iran (De Meyer, 1995) (Fig. 53). Note: Based on DNA barcoding, T. jubata is very similar to T. bistounensis sp. nov., differing by 1.9% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319."]}

Tomosvaryella coquilletti (Kertész, 1907) Figs 7A–E, 52 Pipunculus coquilletti Kertész, 1907.—syn. Hardy (1943): p. 159. Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of epandrium in dorsal view, divided into two parts by an epandrial groove (Fig.7A); broad subepandrial sclerite in ventral view (Fig. 7B); phallus trifid, with three wavy ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 7D–E); small and slender phallic guide in lateral view (Fig. 7E); gonopods equal in height (Fig. 7B). Specimens examined: IRAN: Kermanshah: Ghazanchi, 34°26'N, 47°00'E, 1304 m a.s.l., 1.vii.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51954 (1♂, CNC); North Khorasan: Gelian, 37°15'N, 57°55'E, 1283 m a.s.l., 8–22.vii.2016, B. Motamedinia, Malaise trap, JSS51977 –82, JSS51984 –85, JSS51988 (9♂, CNC); Darkesh, 37°26'N, 56°44'E, 23.vii.2016, B. Motamedinia, sweep net, JSS52036 (1♀, CNC); Razavi Khorasan: Sheikhha, 36°36'N, 59°11'E, 1169 m a.s.l., 22.v–6.vi.2016, B. Motamedinia, Malaise trap, JSS51864 (1♂, CNC); Torqabeh, 36°18'N, 59°22'E, 1296 m a.s.l., 25.vi–9.vii.2016, B. Motamedinia, Malaise trap, JSS51850, JSS51858 –9 (3♂, CNC, TAU, USNM); Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, Nimrooz, 31°12'N, 61°20'E, 5.vi.2016, H. Derafshan, sweep net, JSS51844 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 52). Note: DNA barcodes of this species are genetically most similar to T. parakuthyi, differing by 10.3% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Kertesz, K. (1907) Vier neue Pipunculus-arten. [Four new Pipunculus species]. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 5, 579 - 583.","Hardy, D. E. (1943) A revision of Nearctic Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 29, 1 - 231.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella mutata (Becker, 1897) Fig. 58 Diagnosis: Following Földvári & De Meyer (1999), this species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at base, constricted before apex; both surstyli bent in middle in lateral view; epandrium wider than long in dorsal view; short phallic guide, broadened at base; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some small teeth in basal half (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 15A–D). Distribution: Egypt, France, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Morocco, Romania, Spain, Syria (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 58). Note: Földvári & De Meyer (1999) mentioned that there is some variation in the male genitalia features of this species from Israel (and Hungary) and this might be a species complex., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Becker, T. (1897) Dipterologische Studien V. Pipunculidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 42, 25 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18970420108","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella unicorna Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 43A–E, 48B, 63, 70E –F Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by a distinct horn-like prominence in the middle of frons (Fig. 48B); shape of surstyli more elongated in dorsal view (Fig. 43A), rather curved in lateral view (Fig. 43D–E). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.5 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel and arista dark brown, flagellum light brown. Pedicel with a pair of short upper pale setae; flagellum tapering and gray-white pollinose (LF:WF = 2.2). Eyes converging but not meeting and separated by less than diameter of frontal facets. Frons dark silver-gray pollinose, with a distinct prominence in middle (Fig. 48B). Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 6–7 yellowish setae along the upper margin (up to 0.04 mm). Prescutum, scutum, scutellum black. Scutum with two uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae and two uniseriate rows of dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1–2 thin short setae along lateral margin (up to 0.01 mm). Subscutellum black, gray pollinose. Pleura brown. Wing. Length: 3.2 mm. LW:MWW = 5.08. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaches dm at the middle. M 1 moderately undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.37 mm. Whitish, narrowly brown at base. Legs. Coxae dark brown, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with two dark anterior setae. Trochanters dark brown, smooth. Femora brown with light brown apices, gray pollinose. All femora with 1–2 wrinkled indentations at base. Tibiae brown but light brown in basal half, with two ventral rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown with scattered brown setae at anterior margin, basitarsi lighter than other tarsomeres. Pulvilli yellow. Claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown. Tergite 1 densely gray pollinose, with 4–5 brown lateral setae (up to 0.11 mm). Tergites 2 densely gray pollinose in anterior margin, Tergite 3–5 gray pollinose, with scattered brown setae. Sternites light brown laterally and dark brown centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli light brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.60). Surstyli symmetrical. Both surstyli more elongated, longer than epandrium (Fig. 43A). Left surstylus gently bent in basal third (Fig. 43A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods equal in height (Fig. 43B). Subepandrial sclerite rectangular-shaped (Fig. 43B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli long, weakly concave (Fig. 43D–E). Phallic guide strong, phallus with three small ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 43D–E). Ejaculatory apodeme tube-like, bent, with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 43C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific name is derived from the mythical unicorn, in reference to the horn-like prominence on the frons. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Kermanshah: Dagasyave, 35°01'N, 46°07'E, 810 m a.s.l., 7.vi.2016, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51821 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 63). Note: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is genetically similar to T. debruyni, differing by 7.4% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 76-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella ampliasa Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 2A–E, 27A, 49, 65C–D Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli, which are rectangular-shaped and flatted apically in dorsal view (Fig. 2A), and almost straight in lateral view (Fig. 2D–E); right gonopod with a long projection in ventral view (Fig. 2B); wide subepandrial sclerite basally in ventral view (Fig. 2B); wide gonopods in ventral view (Fig. 2B); three small ejaculatory ducts, one with some teeth in basal half (Fig. 2D). Based on genitalia characters, this species is close to T. susa sp. nov. and T. helwanensis (Collin, 1949). It differs from T. susa (Fig. 40A‒D) in the different shape of the surstyli at the apex in dorsal view, flattened (not rounded) and from T. helwanensis (Kehlmaier et al. 2019: Fig. 8) in the different shape of the surstyli in dorsal view, rectangular shaped (Fig. 2A); with a broad and short phallic guide in lateral view (Figs 2D‒E ). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 2.8 mm. Head. Scape dark, pedicel dark brown, flagellum light brown; pedicel with three short upper setae; flagellum tapering (LF: WF = 4.0); arista brown with a dark spot near the base. Eyes meeting for a distance of 5–7 facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 2–4 small setae along the upper margin (up to 0.04 mm). Prescutum and scutum black, with a row of supra-alar setae and uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with about 14–18 thin setae along posterior margin (up to 0.08 mm). Subscutellum and pleura dark brown. Wing. Length: 2.1–2.4 mm. LW: MWW = 2.5. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaching cell dm at the middle. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.4 mm. Whitish, narrowly light brown at base. Legs. Dark brown but narrowly yellow at apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi. Trochanters and Femora partly gray pollinose. Trochanters smooth. Mid and hind femora bearing two rows of dark, peg-like anteroventral spines in apical one third. Fore, mid and hind femora with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in basal quarter. Tibiae with two rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in the middle. Tarsi yellowish, gray pollinose. Pulvilli shorter than distitarsi. Claws white with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown. Tergite 1 entirely gray pollinose with 12–16 yellowish long lateral setae (up to 0.2 mm). Tergites 1–5 with scattered yellowish setae (up to 0.08 mm). Sternites light brown laterally and dark brown centrally, gray pollinose. Syntergosternite 8 dark, gray pollinose. Viewed laterally, higher than long (LS8:HS8 = 0.8). Membranous area absent. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.8). Surstyli rather symmetrical, rectangular-shaped, slightly curved to each other at apex, rather flatted apically (Fig. 2A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods wide, large and slightly equal in height, right wider than left one with elongated projection, subepandrial sclerite wide basally, phallic guide strong, slightly straight (Fig. 2B). Genital capsule in lateral view: surstyli longer than wide, slightly straight, rounded at apex (Figs 2D–E). Phallic guide strong, pointed apically (Fig. 2D); phallus with three small ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth in basal half (Fig. 2D). Ejaculatory apodeme tube-like, bent, with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 2C). FEMALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.2 mm. Head. Eyes separated; with enlarged frontal facets. Frons gray pollinose in lower half. Occiput gray pollinose with scattered light brown setae near ocelli. Thorax. As in male. Wing. Length: 2.75 mm. LW:MWW = 2.08. Legs. As in males except for longer setae on distitarsi. Abdomen. As in males. Ovipositor. Base of ovipositor dark brown with some gray pollinosity. Viewed laterally (Fig. 27A), piercer straight. LP:LB = 1.6. LDP:LPP = 1.9. Etymology: The specific epithet ampliasa is derived from the Latin "amplias", which means widened or extended, referring to the extended gonopods. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: ISRAEL: Hofit, 32°23'N, 34°52'E, 21.ix.1994, F. Kaplan & A. Freidberg, JSS51800 (1♂, TAU). PARATYPE: ISRAEL: Park haYarden, 32°54'N, 35°37'E, 14.vi.1996, A. Freidberg, JSS43959 (1♀, TAU). Distribution: Israel (Fig. 49) Note: DNA barcodes of this species are closest to T. susa sp. nov., differing by 0.8% pairwise divergence. Male and female were both sequenced and are genetically identical (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Collin, J. E. (1949) Results of the Armstrong College Expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan Desert), 1935, under the leadership of Prof. J. Omer-Cooper. Diptera Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Aschiza and Acalypterae. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 33, 175 - 225.","Kehlmaier, C., Gibbs, D. J. & Withers, P. (2019) New records of big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Mediterranean Basin. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 68 (1), 31 - 60"]}

Tomosvaryella urdaensis Kuznetzov, 1994 Fig. 60 Diagnosis: Following Kuznetzov (1994), this species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broadened and angled at base, pointed at apices (Majnon-Jahromi et al. 2017b: Fig. 19); both surstyli rounded apically, with a distinct posteroventral projection before its apex in lateral view (Kuznetzov, 1994: Figs 302–303). Tomosvaryella urdaensis appears to be closely related to T. gazliensis (Fig. 15A–D). See diagnosis of T. gazliensis for more details. Distribution: Iran, Kazakhstan (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 60)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1994) New Palaearctic species of Tomosvaryella Aczel (Diptera, Pipunculidae) with a redescription of T. rondanii (Collin). Dipterological Research, 5, 107 - 207.","Majnon-Jahromi, B., Gheibi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Kehlmaier, C. & Hesami, S. (2017 b) Pipunculidae (Diptera) from southern Iran, including two new species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczel. Zootaxa, 4273 (4), 488 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4273.4.2","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella frontata (Becker, 1897) Fig. 51 Diagnosis. Following Hardy (1967), this species can be recognized by syntergosternite 8, wider than long, without membranous area; epandrium wider than long; symmetrical surstyli, slightly rectangular-shaped, almost twice as wide as long, blunt at apices (Hardy, 1967: fig. 6). Distribution: Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, Malta, Morocco, Palestine, Romania, Spain, Tunisia (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 51). Note: This species has been reared from Tamarix leafhopper, Opsius stactogalus Fieber, 1866, in France (Hardy, 1967)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Becker, T. (1897) Dipterologische Studien V. Pipunculidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 42, 25 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18970420108","Hardy, D. E. (1967) Redescription of Tomosvaryella frontata (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 60, 116 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 60.1.116","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella nigronitida (Collin, 1958) Fig. 53 Distribution: Croatia, Israel (De Meyer, 1995; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 53). Notes: This species was described based on a female, and the male sex is unknown. The female can be identified by the black halter and long piercer reaching the first abdominal sternite (De Meyer, 1995). It may be synonymous with T. cilifemorata (Földvári & De Meyer (1999)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Collin, J. E. (1958) Pipunculidae collected by Mr. Ralph L. Coe in Jugoslavia in 1955, with descriptions of two new species. Entomologist, 91, 96 - 99.","De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334."]}

Tomosvaryella inopinata De Meyer, 1995 Figs 19A–E, 56 Diagnosis: This species is related to T. oligoseta De Meyer, 1993 from Botswana (South Africa). Both have rather symmetrical surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at base and apically, constricted at middle (Fig. 19A); epandrium wider than long (Fig. 19A). It slightly differs by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, the bristling of the phallus and lateral setae in tergite 1, being completely reduced in T. oligoseta. Specimens examined: ISRAEL: Nahal Oren, 32°43'N, 35°01'E, 25.vii.2002, A. Freidberg, JSS52071 (1♂, TAU); Nahal Oren, S. facing slope, 32°43'N, 35°01'E, 2.vii.1998, A. Freidberg, JSS52081 (1♂, TAU); Nizzanim, A. Dunes, 31°43'N, 34°38'E, 6.iv.2009, A. Freidberg, JSS52068 –9 (2♂, TAU); UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Wadi Safad, 25°07'N, 56°11'E; 26.xii.2005 – 2.i.2006, A. van Harten, CNCD8963, CNCD8969 (2♂, CNC). Distribution: Egypt, Israel (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 56). Note: T. inopinata is genetically similar to T. dentiterebra, differing by 3.9% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","De Meyer, M. (1993) A revision of the Afrotropical species of Tomosvaryella Aczel, 1939 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 34, 43 - 101.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella osteodes Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 29A‒E, 58, 68E –F Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the asymmetrical shape of surstyli in dorsal view, both long, left surstylus bone-shaped and longer than right one (Fig. 29A); unequal gonopods, right one with a projection towards phallic guide (Fig. 29B); strong and straight phallus, three short ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some teeth; membranous sheaths bearing saw-like teeth (Fig. 29B, D‒E). Description: MALE: Body length: 2.1mm. Head. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Eyes meeting for a distance of five facets. Pedicel with 1‒2 small dorsal setae; flagellum tapering, distinctly paler than pedicel (LF:WF = 2.3). Postpronotal lobe pale, gray pollinose. Prescutum and scutum brown, silver-gray pollinose, with some patches of small supra-alar setae behind postpronotal lobes. Scutellum brown, silver-gray pollinose. Subscutellum darker than pleura. Wing. Wing length: 2.6 mm. LW:MWW = 2.4. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia except at wing base. Cross-vein r-m reaching cell dm at the middle. Halter length 0.4 mm., yellow, narrowly brown at base. Legs. Light brown. Trochanters black, smooth. Femora with posteroventral and anteroventral row of 3‒8 black spines on apical half. Tibiae with two rows of short brown setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Distitarsi darker that tarsi; pulvilli shorter than distitarsi. Claws white with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color brown, gray pollinose; tergite 1 with four brown lateral setae, tergites normally covered with short but scattered brown hairs. Syntergosternite 8 brown. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli dark brown, epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.8). Surstyli long and asymmetrical. Left surstylus slightly larger than right surstylus, bone-shaped. Right surstylus broadened at base and narrowed at apex, curved toward left surstylus in apical third (Fig. 29A). Genital capsule in ventral view: subepandrial sclerite wide, gonopods unequal; right with a projection curved towards phallic guide, lobes of hypandrium sclerotized, giving it the shape of an inverted triangle (Fig. 29B). Phallus strong and straight, with three short ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth along its side (Fig. 29B). Genital capsule in lateral view: membranous sheath bearing saw-like teeth (Fig. 29D‒E). Phallic guide thickened at base. Ejaculatory apodeme tube-like with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 29C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet derived from the Greek "osteodes" (=bone like), referring to the shape of left surstylus. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Wadi Wurayah, 25°24'N, 56°17'E, 25.ii.2007, sweep net, F. Menzel & A. Stark, CNCD175298 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: United Arab Emirates (Fig. 58). Note: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is most similar to T. sylvatica, differing by 8.5% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella ellipiensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 12A–D, 53, 66E –F Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of epandrium in dorsal view, expanded towards the left side (Fig. 12A); small surstyli with a ventromedial projection in lateral view (Fig. 12C–D); phallic guide curved towards surstyli, with a pair of dorsolateral spines in lateral view (Fig. 12C). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 2.6 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel, arista dark brown, flagellum brown; scape and pedicel without setae; flagellum tapering (LF: WF = 3.0). Eyes meeting for a distance of 7–8 facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 2–3 small pale setae along the upper margin (up to 0.02 mm). Prescutum and scutum black, with uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, without bristle. Subscutellum and pleura dark brown, gray pollinose. Wing. Length: 2.5 mm. LW:MWW = 2.6. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaching cell dm at the middle. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.28 mm. Whitish, narrowly light brown at base. Legs. Dark brown but narrowly yellow at base of tibiae and all tarsal segments except distitarsi. Trochanters smooth. Femora partly gray pollinose, hind femur shining in posterior. Hind femur bearing two rows of dark, peg-like anteroventral spines in apical one third. Fore, mid and hind femora with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in basal quarter. Tibiae with two rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in the middle. Tarsi light brown, gray pollinose. Pulvilli shorter than distitarsi. Claws white with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown. Tergite 1 entirely gray pollinose with 3–4 yellowish short lateral setae (up to 0.05 mm). Tergites 1–5 with scattered yellowish setae (up to 0.05 mm). Sternites brown laterally and dark centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.5), expanded towards left side (Fig. 12A). Surstyli small, rather symmetrical, triangular-shaped, slightly curved to each other at apex (Fig. 12A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods large and slightly equal in height, subepandrial sclerite wide basically (Fig. 12B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli small with ventromedial projection (12 C–D); phallic guide broad at base, curved towards surstyli, with two small dorsolateral spines at basal half (Fig. 12C); phallus with three small ejaculatory ducts, one broader than other (Fig. 12C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Ellipi, the historical name of Kermanshah, from where the holotype has been collected. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Kermanshah: Gheshlagh, 34°56'N, 46°27'E, 1533 m a.s.l., 1.vii.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51945 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 53). Note: Based on DNA barcodes, T. ellipiensis sp. nov. is genetically most similar to T. teligera (5.6% pairwise divergence)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella susa Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 40A–D, 61, 70C–D Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at base and rather triangular-shaped (Fig. 40A); broadened gonopods, right wider than left one with small projection in ventral view (Fig. 40B); short ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth in basal half in lateral view (Fig. 40C‒D). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.1 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel and arista dark. Pedicel with 2–3 upper setae and a single lower bristle; flagellum light brown, gray pollinose and long tapering (LF:WF = 3.0). Eyes converging but not meeting and separated by less than diameter of frontal facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose, vertex dark and shine, lacking pollinosity, bearing an elevated ocellar triangle. Occiput dark, gray pollinose with scattered brown setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light brown. Prescutum and scutum black, silver-gray and brown pollinose, with scattered setae at anterior supra-alar area and uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with about 14 brown setae along posterior margin (up to 0.08 mm). Subscutellum and pleura black; pleuron light brown. Wing. Wing length: 3.1 mm., LW:MWW = 3.0. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.37 mm. light brown, narrowly black at base. Legs. Coxae black, trochanters light brown, smooth. Femora dark brown with narrow but distinct pale base and apices, silver pollinose. Femora without ventral spines. Mid and hind femora with one wrinkled indentation in basal. Tibiae brown at middle, gray pollinose, with two rows of short brown setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Mid and hind tibiae with one or two wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown, tergite 1 silver gray pollinose with a patch of light brown setae (15‒17) laterally extending along posterior margin, tergites 2‒5 with relatively long brown setae. Sternites white-yellow laterally and brown centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.74). Surstyli symmetrical, broadened at base, rather triangular-shaped (Fig. 40A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods broadened and slightly equal in height, right wider than left one with a small projection, subepandrial sclerite wide basically, phallic guide strong, slightly straight (Fig. 40B). Genital capsule in lateral view: surstyli longer than wide, slightly straight, broadened at apex (Figs 40C‒D). Phallic guide strong, pointed apically (Fig. 40C); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth in basal half (Fig. 40C‒D). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to " Susa ", the historical name of Shush, from where the specimen was collected. The name is a noun in apposition. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Khuzestan: Shush, 32°06'N, 48°26'E, 68 m a.s.l., 11.iii–10.v.2015, E. Gilasian, Malaise trap, JSS52217 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 61). Notes: Tomosvaryella susa sp. nov. is genetically very close to T. ampliasa sp. nov., differing by 0.8‒1.2% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella kiansiae Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 22A–D, 53, 67E –F Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, right surstylus rectangular-shaped and left surstylus roughly club-shaped (Fig. 22A); left surstylus with apicoventral projection in lateral view (Fig. 22C); long phallic guide, straight dorsally, wavy ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 22C–D). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 2.6 mm. Head. Face dark, silver-gray pollinose. Scape and pedicel dark; pedicel with a pair of short upper setae and 1–2 short lower setae; flagellum light brown, tip paler than base, tapering and gray pollinose (LF:WF = 2.6); arista dark, with thickened base. Eyes converging but not meeting and separated by less than diameter of frontal facets. Frons dark, silver-gray pollinose, vertex dark, lacking pollinosity, bearing an elevated ocellar triangle; vertex dark, lacking pollinosity; occiput dark, gray pollinose. Thorax. Pleura, prescutum, scutum and scutellum dark. Pleura gray pollinose. Postpronotal lobe yellow, weakly gray pollinose and with 2–3 light brown postpronotal setae along upper margin. Prescutum and scutum narrowly gray pollinose, with two uniseriate dorsocentral rows of setae and some supra-alar setae. Scutellum gray pollinose, with about 2–3 thin short setae along posterior margin (up to 0.03 mm). Subscutellum gray pollinose. Wing. Length: 2.5 mm. LW:MWW = 2.5. Wing almost entirely covered in microtrichia. M 1 gently undulating. Halter length: 0.33 mm. Base and stem brown, knob paler than base. Legs. Coxae dark, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with 2–3 light brown setae on apical margin. Trochanters dark, smooth. Femora dark brown, slightly light brown at apex, gray pollinose. Fore femur bearing two smaller anteroventral spines in basal third, Fore and hind femora with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in basal. Tibiae dark brown, distinctly light brown in basal third, gray pollinose with one wrinkled indentation in middle, hind tibia with some light brown setae in apical third. Tarsi light brown and paler than tibiae, gray pollinose, with some light brown setae dorsally. Pulvilli yellow. Claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark, gray pollinose. Tergite 1 with six to eight strong lateral setae. Tergites 1–5 with scattered brown setae. Syntergosternite 8 dark, brown pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium brown, wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.71). Surstyli brown and asymmetrical, right surstylus rectangular-shaped and left surstylus roughly club-shaped, wider than right one, tip of left surstylus rounded (Fig. 22A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods equal in height, rather broad and almost symmetrical (Fig. 22B); phallic guide strong and long, reaches in middle of surstyli, subepandrial sclerite wide, rather rectangular-shaped (Fig. 22B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli rectangular-shaped, bent towards sternite (Fig. 22C–D); left surstylus with apicoventral projection (Fig. 22C); phallic guide thin and long, straight dorsally, wavy ventrally (Fig. 22C–D); phallus trifid with three ejaculatory ducts, one bearing small teeth along basal two thirds (Fig. 22C–D). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to "Kiansi", the historical name of a Hamoun wetland, from where the specimens were collected. The name is formed as a feminine noun in the genitive case. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, 31°07'N, 61°28'E, 481 m a.s.l., 3.iv.2015, H. Derafshan, Malaise trap, JSS51921 (1♂, CNC). PARATYPE: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, 31°12'N, 61°20'E, 14.iv.2014, H. Derafshan, sweep net, JSS51828 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 53)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 39-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella subtransvaalensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 38A–E, 54, 70A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, elongated and constricted in middle (Fig. 38A); wide epandrium in dorsal view (Fig. 38A); asymmetrical gonopod and hypandrium in ventral view (Fig. 38B); ejaculatory apodeme funnel-shaped (Fig. 38C). Based on the shape of surstyli, this species resembles T. transvaalensis De Meyer, 1993 (Fig. 42A–E). The shape of surstyli is slightly different in lateral view, in T. transvaalensis, straight in medial, narrowed in apical third (Fig. 42D–E) and T. subtransvaalensis has a hypandrial apodeme in ventral view (Fig. 38B). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 4.6 mm. Head. Scape dark, pedicel dark brown, flagellum brown; pedicel with three short upper setae; flagellum tapering (LF:WF = 3.0); arista dark. Eyes meeting for a distance of 8–9 facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose in lower half. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 4–6 small setae along the upper margin (up to 0.03 mm). Prescutum and scutum black, with a row of supra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with about 12–14 short dark setae along posterior margin (up to 0.03 mm). Subscutellum and pleura dark. Wing. Length: 4.1 mm. LW:MWW = 4.0. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaching cell dm at the middle. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.37 mm. Yellowish, dark brown at base. Legs. Dark but narrowly yellow at apex of femora, base of tibiae. Trochanters black, smooth. Femora partly gray pollinose. All femora bearing two rows of dark, peg-like anteroventral spines in apical half. Hind femur with one wrinkled indentation in basal quarter. Tibiae with two rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with one wrinkled indentation in the middle. Tarsi brown, gray pollinose. Pulvilli shorter than distitarsi. Claws brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark. Tergite 1 entirely gray pollinose with 8–9 short black lateral setae (up to 0.1 mm). Tergites 2–5 with scattered short dark setae. Sternites brown laterally and dark centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli dark brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.3), left side more extended than right one. Surstyli rather symmetrical, elongated, constricted in middle (Fig. 38A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods rather large and unequal in height, left slightly higher than right one; hypandrium unequal in height, left is higher than right one (Fig. 38B). Genital capsule in lateral view: surstyli curved towards sternite (Fig. 38D–E). Phallic guide short, strong, pointed apically (Fig. 38D–E); phallus with two long and one short ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 38D–E). Ejaculatory apodeme funnel-shaped (Fig. 38C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin preposition 'sub' meaning near, referring to this species close relation to T. transvaalensis De Meyer, 1993. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: ISRAEL: Rehovot, 31°53'N, 34°48'E, 2.i.1999, Y. Nussbaum, JSS51765 (1♂, TAU). PARATYPE: ISRAEL: Sappir, 30°36'N, 35°11'E, 1.v.1997, A. Freidberg, JSS51690 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Israel (Fig. 54). Notes: Based on DNA barcoding, this species is genetically most similar to T. inopinata, differing by 5.3% (pairwise divergence). Note that T. transvaalensis has not been sequenced., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1993) A revision of the Afrotropical species of Tomosvaryella Aczel, 1939 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 34, 43 - 101."]}

Tomosvaryella subsylvatica Kazerani, Khaghaninia & Kehlmaier, 2017 Fig. 62 Diagnosis: Following Kazerani et al. (2017), this species can be recognized by the elongated surstyli in dorsal view, broadened in basal fourth, narrowed moderately apically; epandrium longer than wide; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts without projection (Kazerani et al. 2017: fig. 3A–D). Based on the shape of phallus in lateral view and surstyli in dorsal view, this species resembles T. sylvatica. It differs by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, being pointed apically; the hind trochanter with three small spines; the r-m cross-vein reaching cell dm before its middle. Distribution: Iran (Kazerani et al. 2017; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 62).

Tomosvaryella hamata Majnon-Jahromi & Kehlmaier, 2017 Fig. 51 Diagnosis: Following Majnon-Jahromi et al. (2017b), this species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, both cleaver-shaped; epandrium wider than long in dorsal view; phallic guide enlarged apically in lateral view; phallus trifid, with a small hook at the base of ejaculatory ducts (Majnon-Jahromi et al. 2017b: fig. 1A–D). Distribution: Iran (Majnon-Jahromi et al. 2017b; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 51)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Majnon-Jahromi, B., Gheibi, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Kehlmaier, C. & Hesami, S. (2017 b) Pipunculidae (Diptera) from southern Iran, including two new species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczel. Zootaxa, 4273 (4), 488 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4273.4.2","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella pusilla De Meyer, 1995 Figs 34A–E, 63 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at base and middle, the middle covered by dense setae dorsomedially (Fig. 34A); epandrium wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 34A); phallic guide strong, straight and tapering apically in lateral view, with one strong spine dorsomedially (Fig. 34D– E); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, longer one divided into two branch, smaller one with two or three small spines in lateral view (Fig. 34D–E); symmetrical gonopods, wider than hypandrium in ventral view (Fig. 34B). Specimens examined: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Nikshahr, Pip, 26°37'N, 60°07'E, 17.vi–19.vii.2016, M. Ghaforimoghadam, Malaise trap, JSS51878, JSS51869 (1♂, 1♀, CNC); Nikshahr, Pip, 26°37'N, 60°07'E, 17.vi– 19.vii.2016, M. Ghaforimoghadam, Malaise trap, JSS51879 ‒2 (4♂, CNC); Rask, 26°16'N, 61°25'E, 139 m a.s.l., 10.vi–14.vii.2016, M. Ghaforimoghadam, Malaise trap, JSS52163, JSS52171 (2♂, CNC ISRAEL: En Mor, 30°49'N, 34°46'E, 4.vi.2000, A. Freidberg, JSS51692, JSS52073 (2♂, TAU); UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Wadi Bih dam, 25°29'N, 56°02'E, 19.ii–8.iii.2009, A. van Harten, Malaise trap, CNCD175304 (1♂, USNM); Wadi Wurayah farm, 25°14'N, 56°11'E, 31.v–14.vi.2009, A. van Harten, Malaise trap, CNCD137566, CNCD137572‒3, CNCD137577, CNCD137585‒7, CNCD137592 (7♂, 1♀, CNC); near ad-Dhaid, 25°13'N, 55°35'E, 16–19.iii.2007, J. Btelka, pan trap, CNCD159485 (1♂, EAD). Distribution: Egypt, Iran, Israel, United Arab Emirates (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 63). Notes: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is genetically closest to T. jubata, differing by 5.1% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella sedomensis De Meyer, 1995 Fig. 63 Diagnosis: Following De Meyer (1995), this species can be recognized by the asymmetrical surstyli in dorsal view, left is higher than right one, left surstylus protruded in ventromedial margin; separated eyes; epandrium as long as wide; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with some small spines (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 21a–f). Distribution: Israel (De Meyer, 1995) (Fig. 63)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319."]}

Tomosvaryella israelensis De Meyer, 1995 Figs 20A–E, 55 Diagnosis: Based on the shape of the surstyli in dorsal view, this species is related to the kuthyi species group (Tomosvaryella emaratensis sp. nov. T. cyprusensis sp. nov., T. freidbergi, T. hispanica, T. kuthyi and T. parakuthyi). It differs from these species by the shape of the surstyli in lateral view, broadened, being normally curved (Fig. 20D–E). This species also can be recognized by the shape of phallus, with three ejaculatory ducts, one with more than eight small spines in basal two thirds in lateral view (Fig. 20D–E); epandrium longer than wide (Fig. 20A), gonopods equal in height (Fig. 20B). See diagnosis of T. emaratensis sp. nov. and T. cyprusensis sp. nov. for more details. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: ISRAEL: Kfar Shamai, 32°57'N, 35°27'E, 30.ix.1975. A. Freidberg, JSS52377 (1♂, TAU); PARATYPE: ISRAEL: Mt. Hermon, 33°25'N, 35°51'E, 1300 m a.s.l., 22.v.1973, A. Freidberg, JSS52378 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Syria (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 55)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella subsylvatica Kazerani, Khaghaninia & Kehlmaier, 2017 Fig. 62 Diagnosis: Following Kazerani et al. (2017), this species can be recognized by the elongated surstyli in dorsal view, broadened in basal fourth, narrowed moderately apically; epandrium longer than wide; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts without projection (Kazerani et al. 2017: fig. 3A–D). Based on the shape of phallus in lateral view and surstyli in dorsal view, this species resembles T. sylvatica. It differs by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, being pointed apically; the hind trochanter with three small spines; the r-m cross-vein reaching cell dm before its middle. Distribution: Iran (Kazerani et al. 2017; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 62)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Kazerani, F., Khaghaninia, S. & Kehlmaier, C. (2017) Additions to the Pipunculidae fauna of Iran with the description of a new Tomosvaryella (Insecta: Diptera). Zoology in the Middle East, 63, 147 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2017.1315856","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella demeyeri Kuznetzov, 1993 Fig. 49 Diagnosis: Following Kuznetzov (1993), this species can be recognized by the distinct ventrobasal protuberance of hind femur, bearing some distinct spines (Kuznetzov, 1993: fig. 13; Kehlmaier & Majnon-Jahromi, 2014: fig. 6); syntergosternite 8 with longitudinal suture in dorsal view (Kuznetzov, 1993: fig. 9); epandrium longer than wide (Kuznetzov, 1993: Fig. 18; Kehlmaier & Majnon-Jahromi, 2014: fig. 4); surstyli short, broadened in the middle and gradually tapering toward apices in dorsal view (Kuznetzov, 1993: fig. 18; Kehlmaier & Majnon-Jahromi, 2015: fig. 4); hypandrium with a distinct constriction after basal quarter (Kehlmaier & Majnon-Jahromi, 2015: fig. 3). Distribution: Egypt, Iran (Kuznetzov, 1993; Kehlmaier & Majnon Jahromi, 2015; Skevington 2020) (Fig. 49)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1993) A new Tomosvaryella Aczel from Egypt, with redescription of T. disjuncta (Becker) (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Dipterological Research, 4, 151 - 162.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella acantha Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 1A–E, 46A, 49, 65A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the distinctive thorn-like projection on the hind trochanter (Fig. 46A); surstyli slender and curved towards each other in dorsal view (Fig. 1A), with a small projection at the base in lateral view (Fig. 1D–E three small ejaculatory ducts, one with some teeth in basal half (Fig. 1D–E); phallic guide with a downward projection before apex in lateral view (Fig. 1D–E). Based on the shape of the surstyli and phallus, this species is related to T. sylvatica (Meigen, 1824) (Földvári & De Meyer 1999: fig. 3A–D ), T. subsylvatica Kazerani, Khaghaninia & Kehlmaier, 2017 (Kazerani et al. 2017: fig. 3A–D) and T. littoralis (Becker, 1897) (Földvári & De Meyer 1999: fig. 2A–D). It differs by the distinct thorn-like projection (not spines) of the hind trochanter (Fig. 46A). Tomosvaryella sylvatica, T. subsylvatica and T. littoralis (Fig. 46B) have several spines on the hind trochanters. Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 2.85 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel dark. Flagellum brown. Eyes meeting for a distance of 6–7 facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark with scattered short black setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose without setae along upper margin. Prescutum and scutum black, prescutum slightly shining, scutum with a row of long supra-alar setae (up to 0.11 mm) and uniseriate rows of long intra-alar setae (up to 0.09 mm). Scutellum black, light-brown pollinose, with up to 18 thin setae along posterior margin (up to 0.11 mm). Subscutellum and pleura dark brown, silver-gray pollinose. Wing. Length: 3.5 mm. LW: MWW = 3.5. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaching cell dm at the middle. M 1 moderately undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.37 mm. Whitish, dark at base. Legs. Dark but narrowly yellow at apex of femora and base of tibiae, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with 3–4 anterior setae. Hind trochanter with a distinct thorn-like projection (not spine) (Fig. 46A). Hind femur with two rows of long setae on anterior and two rows on posterior side. Hind femur with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in basal quarter. Tibiae with two rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in the middle. Tarsi light brown, gray pollinose. Claws white in basal half. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown. Tergite 1 entirely gray pollinose with 8–9 brown long lateral setae (up to 0.16 mm). Tergites 2–5 with scattered yellowish setae (up to 0.08 mm). Sternites light brown laterally and dark brown centrally, gray pollinose. Syntergosternite 8 with scattered long dark setae. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.72). Surstyli rather symmetrical, elongated and slender, slightly curved to each other at apical third (Fig. 1A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods small and wide, equal in height, hypandrium broad, subepandrial sclerite wide basically (Fig. 1B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli gently curved to sternite, with a small projection in basal towards hypandrium (Figs 1D–E). Phallic guide long, pointed apically with a small projection pointed towards hypandrium (Fig. 1D–E); phallus with three small ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth in basal half (Fig. 1D–E). Ejaculatory apodeme tube-like, bent, with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 1C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin word 'acantha', meaning thorn, referring to thorn-like projection on its hind trochanter. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: ISRAEL: Har Hermon, 33°18'N, 35°46'E, 1500–1600m a.s.l., 6.vi.2002, L. Friedman, JSS51689 (1♂, TAU). Distribution: Israel (Fig. 49). Notes: Based on the DNA barcode, this species is genetically most similar to T. sylvatica (4.6% pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1824) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten. Vol. 4. Vierter Theil. Schultz-Wundermann, Hamm, XII + 428 pp., tabs 33 - 41.","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334.","Kazerani, F., Khaghaninia, S. & Kehlmaier, C. (2017) Additions to the Pipunculidae fauna of Iran with the description of a new Tomosvaryella (Insecta: Diptera). Zoology in the Middle East, 63, 147 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2017.1315856","Becker, T. (1897) Dipterologische Studien V. Pipunculidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 42, 25 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18970420108"]}

Tomosvaryella vicina (Becker, 1900) Figs 44A–F, 64 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, with extended dorsomedial lobe, lobe of right surstylus larger than left one (Fig. 44E–F), both surstyli slightly flatted apically in dorsal view (Fig. 44A–B); phallic guide straight, divided apically with plumose projection shortly before apex in lateral view (Fig. 44E–F); subepandrial sclerite quadratic-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 44C); gonopods equal in height, right wider than left one in ventral view (Fig. 44C). Specimens examined: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, 31°02'N, 61°32'E, 470 m a.s.l., 24.v.2016, M. Enaiatnia, funnel Malaise trap, JSS51902 (1♂, CNC); 31°03'N, 61°22'E, 6.x.2016, M. Enaiatnia, Malaise trap, JSS52175 (1♂, CNC); ISRAEL: Akko, 32°55'N, 35°05'E, 12.viii.2002, A. Freidberg, JSS52067 (1♂, TAU); Neot haKikkar, 30°57'N, 35°22'E, 9.iv.2002, L. Friedman, JSS51767, JSS51773 –5 (4♂, TAU); Sappir, 30°36'N, 35°11'E, 1.v.1997, A. Freidberg, JSS51720 (1♂, TAU). Distribution: Congo, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Madagascar (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 64). Note: Based on DNA barcoding, this species is genetically similar to T. hamata, differing by 5.3% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Becker, T. (1900) Dipterologische Studien V. Pipunculidae. Erste Fortsetzung. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 45, 215 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 47919000308","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella susa Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 40A–D, 61, 70C–D Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broadened at base and rather triangular-shaped (Fig. 40A); broadened gonopods, right wider than left one with small projection in ventral view (Fig. 40B); short ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth in basal half in lateral view (Fig. 40C‒D). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.1 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel and arista dark. Pedicel with 2–3 upper setae and a single lower bristle; flagellum light brown, gray pollinose and long tapering (LF:WF = 3.0). Eyes converging but not meeting and separated by less than diameter of frontal facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose, vertex dark and shine, lacking pollinosity, bearing an elevated ocellar triangle. Occiput dark, gray pollinose with scattered brown setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light brown. Prescutum and scutum black, silver-gray and brown pollinose, with scattered setae at anterior supra-alar area and uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with about 14 brown setae along posterior margin (up to 0.08 mm). Subscutellum and pleura black; pleuron light brown. Wing. Wing length: 3.1 mm., LW:MWW = 3.0. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.37 mm. light brown, narrowly black at base. Legs. Coxae black, trochanters light brown, smooth. Femora dark brown with narrow but distinct pale base and apices, silver pollinose. Femora without ventral spines. Mid and hind femora with one wrinkled indentation in basal. Tibiae brown at middle, gray pollinose, with two rows of short brown setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Mid and hind tibiae with one or two wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown, tergite 1 silver gray pollinose with a patch of light brown setae (15‒17) laterally extending along posterior margin, tergites 2‒5 with relatively long brown setae. Sternites white-yellow laterally and brown centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.74). Surstyli symmetrical, broadened at base, rather triangular-shaped (Fig. 40A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods broadened and slightly equal in height, right wider than left one with a small projection, subepandrial sclerite wide basically, phallic guide strong, slightly straight (Fig. 40B). Genital capsule in lateral view: surstyli longer than wide, slightly straight, broadened at apex (Figs 40C‒D). Phallic guide strong, pointed apically (Fig. 40C); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some saw-like teeth in basal half (Fig. 40C‒D). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to " Susa ", the historical name of Shush, from where the specimen was collected. The name is a noun in apposition. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Khuzestan: Shush, 32°06'N, 48°26'E, 68 m a.s.l., 11.iii–10.v.2015, E. Gilasian, Malaise trap, JSS52217 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 61). Notes: Tomosvaryella susa sp. nov. is genetically very close to T. ampliasa sp. nov., differing by 0.8‒1.2% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1).

Tomosvaryella dentiterebra (Collin, 1949) Figs 10A–E, 49 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the asymmetrical shape of surstyli in dorsal view, left surstylus broadened apically and constricted medially, right surstylus broader than left one basally (Fig. 10A); epandrium wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 10A); gonopods unequal in height, left is higher than right one in ventral view (Fig. 10B); phallus trifid, with three wavy ejaculatory ducts, one with tooth-like projections in basal half in lateral view (Fig. 10D–E). Based on the shape of the surstyli in dorsal view, it is closely related to T. angolensis De Meyer, 1993 and T. forchhammeri De Meyer, 1993. It differs from these species by the shape of the left surstylus in dorsal view, constricted in the middle (Fig. 10A). Specimens examined: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Bithnah, 25°06'N, 56°08'E, 12.viii–9.ix.2006, A. van Harten, Malaise trap, CNCD 160279 (1♂, CNC); Sharjah Desert Park, 25°10'N, 55°25'E, 4–8.xii.2004, A. van Harten, pan trap, CNCD 4277 (1♂, CNC); Um al-Quwain, 25°19'N, 55°19'E, 23–26.vi.2008, A. van Harten, pan trap, JSS52251 (1♂, CNC); Wadi Bih dam, 25°48'N, 56°04'E, 21–30.iv.2008, A. van Harten, light trap, JSS52243 (1♂, CNC); Wadi Bih, 25°29'N, 56°02'E, 29.iii.2007, F. Menzel, sweep net, CNCD 159626 (1♂, TAU); Wadi Maidaq, 25°11'N, 56°04'E, 29.vii–26.viii.2006, A. van Harten, Malaise trap, CNCD 159901 (1♂, EAD). Distribution: Egypt, Iran, United Arab Emirates (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 49)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["Collin, J. E. (1949) Results of the Armstrong College Expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan Desert), 1935, under the leadership of Prof. J. Omer-Cooper. Diptera Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Aschiza and Acalypterae. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 33, 175 - 225.","De Meyer, M. (1993) A revision of the Afrotropical species of Tomosvaryella Aczel, 1939 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 34, 43 - 101.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella bistounensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 6A–F, 51, 66A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, broad at base and elongated; both surstyli bent toward sternites in lateral view (Fig. 6A); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with three spines in lateral view (Fig. 6F). Other species that have such distinct spines are T. israelensis De Meyer, 1995 (Fig. 20D‒E), T. jubata De Meyer, 1995 (Fig. 221D), T. minuscula (Collin, 1956) (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 13E–F) and T. sedomensis De Meyer, 1995 (De Meyer, 1995: fig. 21f). On the basis of genitalia characters, this species is close to Tomosvaryella cilifemorata (Becker, 1907) (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 11A–E; Kehlmaier et al. 2019: fig. 6A) and Tomosvaryella mutata (Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: fig. 15A–D). It differs by the shape of surstyli in lateral view and having three distinct spines on one of ejaculatory ducts (Figs 6F). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.6 mm (n = 5). Head. Scape, pedicel, arista dark. Pedicel with a pair of dorsal setae; flagellum light brown, gray pollinose and tapering, distinctly paler than pedicel (LF:WF = 3.0). Eyes meeting for a distance of seven facets. Frons silver-gray pollinose. Occiput dark, gray pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light brown with 2–3 pale setae along the upper margin (up to 0.03 mm). Prescutum and scutum black, prescutum silver-gray pollinose and scutum light brown pollinose, with scattered setae at anterior supra-alar area and uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum black, silver-gray pollinose, with 1–2 thin short setae along posterior margin (up to 0.03 mm). Subscutellum and pleura black. Wing. Wing length: 2.5 mm., LW:MWW = 2.7. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.33 mm. Brown to yellowish, narrowly black at base. Legs. Coxae black, trochanters dark brown, smooth. Femora dark brown with narrow yellow apices, silver pollinose. Mid and hind femora with one or two wrinkled indentations in basal. Tibiae brown at base, gray pollinose, with two rows of short brown setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Tibiae without distal spines, mid and hind tibiae with one or two wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown, distitarsi brown. Abdomen. Ground color dark, tergite 1 silver gray pollinose, tergites 2‒5 brown pollinose with scattered short dark setae. Tergite 5 asymmetrical, T5R:T5L=1.2. Membranous area present. Sternites brown laterally and dark centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Surstyli elongated, almost symmetrical, with a broad base and inward bent tips, left surstylus slightly longer (Fig. 6A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods equal in height, right slightly broader than left one (Fig. 6B); genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli broad at base and bent toward sternites (Fig. 6D‒E); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one with three long spines towards phallic guide (Fig. 6F); ejaculatory apodeme tube-like, bent, with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 6C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Bistoun, an archaeological site in Kermanshah from where the specimens have been collected. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Kermanshah: Ghazanchi, 34°26'N, 47°00'E, 1304 m a.s.l., 15.vi.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51939 (1♂, CNC). PARATYPES: IRAN: Kermanshah: Dodan, 35°00'N, 46°12'E, 1011 m a.s.l., Garden, 22.vii.2016, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS52194 (1♂, CNC); Ghazanchi, 34°26'N, 47°00'E, 1304 m a.s.l., 15.vi.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51935, JSS51940 (2♂, TAU, CNC); Gheshlagh, 34°56'N, 46°27'E, 1533 m a.s.l., 1.vi.2015, M. Zardouei, Malaise trap, JSS51950 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 51). Notes: Based on DNA barcodes, this species is closest to T. minuscula (Collin, 1956), differing by 0.9% (pairwise divergence) (Supplementary Table 1). It is possible that these are a single species with polymorphic genitalia, so future genetic and ecological work are required to confirm their taxonomic status.

Tomosvaryella pistacia Majnon-Jahromi & Kehlmaier, 2017 Figs 32A–E, 59 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli, broadened at base and gradually tapering toward apices in dorsal view (Fig. 32A), both surstyli bent by 90˚ towards abdominal sternite in lateral view (Fig. 32D–E); epandrium small and wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 32A); phallic guide short, broadened at base; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some small teeth in basal half (Fig. 32D); gonopods and hypandrium symmetrical in ventral view (Fig. 32B). The shape of the surstyli and small epandrium in dorsal view are similar to T. congoana Hardy, 1950 (for illustration see De Meyer, 1993: fig. 10), T. debruyni De Meyer, 1995 (for illustration see De Meyer, 1995: fig. 11) and T. mutata (for illustration see Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: 15 A–D). It differs from T. congoana and T. debruyni by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, which is bent by 90˚ towards the abdominal sternites and differs from T. mutata by the shape of the right surstylus in dorsal view. It is also similar to T. angulata Majnon-Jahromi et al. 2017, as the surstyli of both species are bent by 90˚ towards the abdominal sternite in lateral view and both have a small epandrium in dorsal view. It differs from T. angulata by the lack of distinct and distally-knobbed surstyli in dorsal view (Fig. 32B). Moreover, this species is closely related to T. argyrata and T. argyratoides. See the diagnosis notes under T. argyrata for more details. Specimens examined: CYPRUS: Kyrenia, 35°21'N, 33°09'E, 1–8.x.2017, O. Ozden, Malaise trap, JSS52304 (1♂, CNC); ISRAEL: Har Hermon, 33°18'N, 35°46'E, 2000 m a.s.l., 12.vi.1996, A. Freidberg, JSS52095 (1♂, TAU). Distribution: Cyprus, Iran, Israel (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 59).

Tomosvaryella pistacia Majnon-Jahromi & Kehlmaier, 2017 Figs 32A–E, 59 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli, broadened at base and gradually tapering toward apices in dorsal view (Fig. 32A), both surstyli bent by 90˚ towards abdominal sternite in lateral view (Fig. 32D–E); epandrium small and wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 32A); phallic guide short, broadened at base; phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one bearing some small teeth in basal half (Fig. 32D); gonopods and hypandrium symmetrical in ventral view (Fig. 32B). The shape of the surstyli and small epandrium in dorsal view are similar to T. congoana Hardy, 1950 (for illustration see De Meyer, 1993: fig. 10), T. debruyni De Meyer, 1995 (for illustration see De Meyer, 1995: fig. 11) and T. mutata (for illustration see Földvári & De Meyer, 1999: 15 A–D). It differs from T. congoana and T. debruyni by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, which is bent by 90˚ towards the abdominal sternites and differs from T. mutata by the shape of the right surstylus in dorsal view. It is also similar to T. angulata Majnon-Jahromi et al. 2017, as the surstyli of both species are bent by 90˚ towards the abdominal sternite in lateral view and both have a small epandrium in dorsal view. It differs from T. angulata by the lack of distinct and distally-knobbed surstyli in dorsal view (Fig. 32B). Moreover, this species is closely related to T. argyrata and T. argyratoides. See the diagnosis notes under T. argyrata for more details. Specimens examined: CYPRUS: Kyrenia, 35°21'N, 33°09'E, 1–8.x.2017, O. Ozden, Malaise trap, JSS52304 (1♂, CNC); ISRAEL: Har Hermon, 33°18'N, 35°46'E, 2000 m a.s.l., 12.vi.1996, A. Freidberg, JSS52095 (1♂, TAU). Distribution: Cyprus, Iran, Israel (Skevington 2020) (Fig. 59)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1993) A revision of the Afrotropical species of Tomosvaryella Aczel, 1939 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 34, 43 - 101.","De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","Foldvari, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999) Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczel species (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 45, 299 - 334.","Skevington, J. H. (2020) \" Pipunculidae \". Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes database. Available from: https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Taxonomy. php? id = 18557 (accessed 18 October 2020) [public version of Pipunculidae catalogue maintained by J. H. Skevington]"]}

Tomosvaryella nimroozensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 25A–F, 56, 68A–B Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the asymmetrical surstyli in dorsal view, broadened in basal, left surstylus knobbed apically, right surstylus narrowed in apical half (Fig. 25A); gonopods equal in height in ventral view (Fig. 25B); small phallic guide in lateral view (Fig. 25D). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 3.9 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel, flagellum, arista dark brown. Pedicel gray pollinose in apical half, with three upper setae and 1-2 lower setae. Flagellum gray pollinose and tapering (LF:WF = 3.0); arista dark, with thickened base. Eyes meeting for a distance of 6‒8 facets. Frons dark silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose with scattered short black setae. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 4-6 yellowish setae along the upper margin (up to 0.02 mm). Prescutum, scutum and scutellum black. Scutum with two uniseriate rows of intra-alar setae. Scutellum with 14–16 thin short setae along lateral margin (up to 0.02 mm). Subscutellum black, gray pollinose. Pleura black but dark brown on pteropleuron, hypopleuron and sternopleuron. Wing. Length: 3.85 mm. LW:MWW = 5.13. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-vein r-m reaches dm at the middle. M 1 strongly undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.4 mm. Whitish, narrowly brown at base. Legs. Coxae dark brown, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with four dark anterior setae. Trochanters brown, smooth. Femora dark with light brown apices, gray pollinose. Mid and hind femora bearing two rows of small spines in apical half and with one wrinkled indentation at the base. Tibiae brown but dark at middle, with two ventral rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with 1–2 wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi light brown with scattered brown setae at anterior margin, basitarsi longer than other tarsomeres. Pulvilli yellow. Claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark. Tergite 1 densely gray pollinose, with 8–10 dark lateral setae (up to 0.11 mm). Tergites 2–5 gray pollinose, with scattered brown setae. Sternites light brown laterally and dark brown centrally, gray pollinose. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium wider than long (MLE: MWE = 0.5). Surstyli asymmetrical, elongated (Fig. 25A). Both surstyli broad at base, base of left surstylus triangular-shaped, base of right surstylus square-shaped, left surstylus entirely constricted at middle and knobbed apically, right surstylus narrowed in apical half, left surstylus higher than right one (Fig. 25A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods wide, equal in height (Fig. 25B). Subepandrial sclerite small (Fig. 25B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli bent in middle towards sternite (Fig. 25E–F). Phallic guide short, phallus with three ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 25D). Ejaculatory apodeme rather spade-shaped (Fig. 25C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Nimrooz, from where the holotype was collected. Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE: IRAN: Sistan & Baluchestan: Zabol, 31°03'N, 61°22'E, 7.iv.2016, M. Enaiatnia, Malaise trap, JSS51819 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Iran (Fig. 56). Notes: T. nimroozensis sp. nov. is not genetically similar to any other known Tomosvaryella species. Tomosvaryella pilosiventris is closest to T. nimroozensis sp. nov. with 12.2% pairwise difference (Supplementary Table 1)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655

Tomosvaryella cyprusensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Figs 8A–E, 50, 66C–D Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in lateral view, elongated and straight (Fig. 8D– E); epandrium longer than wide in dorsal view (Fig. 8A); left gonopod higher than right one in ventral view (Fig. 8B). Based on the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, this species resembles species in the kuthyi group (Tomosvaryella freidbergi De Meyer, 1995, T. hispanica De Meyer, 1997, T. israelensis De Meyer, 1995, T. kuthyi Aczél, 1944, T. parakuthyi De Meyer, 1995). It differs by the straight surstyli in lateral view (Fig. 8D–E). Description: MALE: Body length (excluding antennae): 2.5 mm. Head. Scape, pedicel and arista dark brown, flagellum light brown. Pedicel with three short, pale upper setae; flagellum tapering and gray white pollinose (LF: WF = 2.6). Eyes meeting for a distance of 5–6 facets. Frons dark silver-gray pollinose. Vertex black, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and gray pollinose. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with 6–7 yellowish setae along the upper margin (up to 0.08 mm). Prescutum, scutum, scutellum black. Scutum with two uniseriate rows of conspicuous intra-alar setae and two uniseriate rows of dorsocentral setae. Postalar callus with two dark setae. Scutellum gray pollinose without setae along lateral margin. Subscutellum black, gray pollinose. Pleura dark, gray pollinose. Wing. Length: 2.2 mm. LW:MWW = 3.05. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Crossvein r-m reaches dm at the middle. M 1 moderately undulating in middle. Halter length: 0.37 mm. Whitish, brown at base. Legs. Coxae dark, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with three dark anterior setae. Trochanters dark, gray pollinose, smooth. Femora dark brown, gray pollinose. All femora with 1–2 wrinkled indentations at base. Tibiae brown but light brown in basal half, with two ventral rows of short setae on anterior and three rows on posterior side. Hind tibia with two wrinkled indentations in middle. Tarsi brown with scattered brown setae at anterior margin. Pulvilli yellow. Claws light brown with black tips. Abdomen. Ground color dark brown. Tergite 1 densely gray pollinose, with 6–8 brown lateral setae (up to 0.13 mm). Tergites 2 densely gray pollinose in anterior margin. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium and surstyli light brown, gray pollinose. Epandrium longer than wide (MLE:MWE = 1.33). Surstyli rather symmetrical. Both surstyli elongated, left longer than right one (Fig. 8A). Both surstyli bent towards each other apically (Fig. 8A). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods unequal in height, left is higher than right one (Fig. 8B). Subepandrial sclerite elongated (Fig. 8B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli long and straight, slightly broader at base (Fig. 8D–E). Phallic guide strong with distinct patch of setae dorsally before apex (Fig. 8D–E), phallus with three small ejaculatory ducts, one with some small teeth in basal half (Fig. 8B). Ejaculatory apodeme tube-like, bent, with a bulb in its middle (Fig. 8C). FEMALE: unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Cyprus, from where the specimens have been collected. Specimens examined: HOLOTYPE: CYPRUS: Kyrenia, 35°21'N, 33°09'E, 30.vii–13.viii.2017, O. Ozden, Malaise trap, JSS52302 (1♂, CNC). PARATYPE: CYPRUS: Kyrenia, 35°21'N, 33°09'E, 10–17.ix.2017, O. Ozden, Malaise trap, JSS52349 (1♂, CNC). Distribution: Cyprus (Fig. 50)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2021, Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5002 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5122655, {"references":["De Meyer, M. (1995) The pipunculid flies of Israel and the Sinai (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Spixiana, 18, 283 - 319.","De Meyer, M. (1997) Contribution to the Pipunculidae fauna of Spain: (Diptera). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 47, 421 - 450.","Aczel, M. L. (1944) Die gattung Tomosvaryella Acz. (Dipt.). (Dorylaiden-Studien VIII). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 37, 75 - 130."]}

Claraeola heidiae Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov.Fig. 4 Examined material. Holotype. YEMEN • ♂; Manakhah; 15°04'N, 43°44'E; 6 Jul.-21 Aug. 2002; Malaise trap; A. van Harten leg.; CD9078; CNC. Paratypes. YEMEN • 1 ♂; same data as holotype; 24 Jun– 4 Aug 2003; CD6823; GB: MN182744; CNC. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by dark legs; lack of distinct mid-anterior hind tibial bristles and genitalic characters. Due to the shape of the inner male genitalia, it is closely related to C. conjuncta, C. discors, and C. mantisphalliga (clavata species group). It differs from these species by the shape of the surstyli which is straight in lateral view and a chitinized lobe in the right gonopod. Description. Male. Body length (excluding antennae) 3.1-3.3 mm. Head. Face dark, silver-gray pruinose. Scape, pedicel, flagellum, and arista dark. Pedicel with three to four dark upper and one long (longer than half of flagellum) and one shorter lower bristle. Flagellum pointed to short tapering (LF:WF = 2.0-2.1) and gray pruinose. Eyes meeting for six or seven times diameter of ocellus. Frons dark, silver-gray pruinose with a weak median keel bearing a shining spot. Vertex dark, lacking pruinosity, bearing an elevated ocellar triangle. Occiput dark, gray pruinose, changing to brown in upper third. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, gray pruinose and with two to three postpronotal short bristles along upper margin (up to 0.05 mm). Prescutum and scutum dark, predominantly gray-brown pruinose, with two uniseriate dorsocentral rows of dark bristles and longer supra-alar bristles. Scutellum dark, brown pruinose, with a fringe of 10-12 short dark bristles (0.05 mm). Subscutellum large with two gray pruinose patches laterally. Wing. Length: 3.0-3.2 mm. LW:MWW = 2.4. Wing with microtrichia. Pterostigma light brown and incomplete (LS:LTC = 0.5). LTC:LFC = 1.0. r-m reaches dm between basal third and half of the cell’s length. Halter Length: 0.3 mm. Base and knob dark brown, stem light brown. Legs. Coxae and trochanters brown, gray pruinose. Mid coxa and hind trochanter with two dark strong bristles on inner apical corner. Hind trochanter with six or seven small black bristles on inner apical corner. Femora dark brown, yellow at apex, with two ventral rows of dark, peg-like spines in apical half. Tibiae dark brown, narrowly pale at base and apices. Hind tibia with two or three wrinkled indentations mid-anteriorly without distinct bristles. Distitarsi brown covered with small black bristles and 1-3 long bristles at apex. Pulvilli slightly smaller than distitarsi. Abdomen. Ground color dark. Tergite 1 gray pruinose with five or six dark lateral bristles. Tergites 2-5 brown pruinose. Tergite 5 slightly longer than other tergites. Sternites 1-7 dark and pale in middle, gray pruinose. LT35:WS8 = 1.6. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, gray pruinose, viewed laterally as long as high (LS8:HS8 = 1.0). Viewed caudally, membranous area of medium size and ovate. Genitalia. Genital capsule dorsal view: epandrium dark, gray pruinose and slightly wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.8-0.9). Surstyli brown, gray pruinose with somewhat longer bristles, symmetrical, ovate shape and elongated (Fig. 4A). Genital capsule ventral view: gonopods, similar in size, right one with small chitinized lobe and rather large (Fig. 4B). Genital capsule lateral view: surstyli slightly broadened apically (Fig. 4D, E). Phallus strong and straight, with three small ejaculatory ducts, two of them bearing one or two saw-like teeth along their sides (Fig. 4D, E). Phallic guide long, reaching middle of surstyli, with hooked tip (Fig. 4D, E). Ejaculatory apodeme nail-shaped with a bulbous middle (Fig. 4C). Etymology. The name is selected in honor of Scott Kelso’s daughter for her interest in entomology. Distribution. Yemen (Fig. 10).

Claraeola conjuncta (Collin, 1949)Fig. 2 Eudorylas conjunctus Collin 1949: 191. Examined material. ISRAEL • 2♂♂; Hazeva Field School; 30°43'N, 35°15'E; 21 Jan. 1997, A. Maklakov leg.; Malaise trap; JSS50791; JSS50784; GB: MN182738; TAU • 1♀; 10 Oct. 1997, A. Maklakov leg.; Malaise trap; JSS51646; TAU • 1♀; 12 Dec. 1997; A. Maklakov leg.; Malaise trap; JSS51647; TAU • 1♂; 30°43'N, 35°15'E; 3 Oct. 1997, A. Maklakov leg.; Malaise trap; JSS51705; TAU • 1♂; Qalya; 28 Sep. 1995; A. Freidberg leg.; JSS50783; TAU • 1♂; Zomet Qetura; 29°59'N, 35°4'E; 15 May 2010; A. Freidberg leg.; JSS50804; TAU • 1♀; Ne’ot Semadar; 30°43'N, 35°15'E; 4 Dec. 1995; A. Freidberg leg.; JSS51649; TAU. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by large ventral spines on the hind femur, shining on basal half of front and mid femora ventrally; surstyli slightly bow-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 2A), each gonopod with six to seven strong bristles on inner side (Fig. 2B); phallus with three broad and slightly bent ejaculatory ducts, two of them bearing two to three saw-like teeth along their side; phallic guide short but broad, especially at apex (Fig. 2D, E). Distribution. Algeria, Egypt, Israel (Fig. 10), Tunisia (Kehlmaier 2005b; Kehlmaier et al. 2019)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2019, Revision of Claraeola (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in the Middle East based on morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 85-111 in ZooKeys 873 on page 85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.873.36645, {"references":["Kehlmaier, C, 2005b. Taxonomic studies on Palaearctic and Oriental Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with the description of three new species. . Zootaxa 1030: 1 - 48","Kehlmaier, C, Gibbs, D, Withers, P, 2019. New records of big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Mediterranean Basin. . Bonn zoological Bulletin 68: 31 - 60"]}

Claraeola thekkadiensis (Kapoor, Grewal & Sharma, 1987)comb. nov. Eudorylas thekkadiensis Kapoor, Grewal & Sharma, 1987:111 Examined materal. Holotype. • ♂; Thekkady (Kerala); 24 Feb. 2019; J.S. Grewal; Allotype. • 1♀; same data as holotype; S.K. Sharma. Paratype. • 2♂♂; same data as holotype • 3♂♂; Ramgrah (Bihar); 22 Mar. 1958; S.K. Sharma • 2♀♀; Ranchi (Bihar); 22 Mar. 1985; V.K. Kohli • 1♂; Ranikhet (U.P.); 8 Oct. 1985; S.K. Sharma; Depository: all INPC. Distribution. India. Remarks. Although not a Middle Eastern species, this is similar to C. mantisphalliga so relevant to this paper. From the detailed drawings of the male genitalia included in the original description (Kapoor et al. 1987), the taxon is transferred from Eudorylas to the Claraeola., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2019, Revision of Claraeola (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in the Middle East based on morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 85-111 in ZooKeys 873 on page 85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.873.36645, {"references":["Kapoor, VC, Grewal, JS, Sharma, SK, 1987. Indian Pipunculids (Diptera: Pipunculidae). A Comprehensive Monograph. . Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi"]}

Claraeola mantisphalliga Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov.Figs 6, 9B Examined material. Holotype. YEMEN • ♂; Seyun; 15°57'N, 48°48'E; 20-22 Aug. 2002; light trap; A. van Harten leg.; CD9071; CNC. Paratypes. YEMEN • 2 ♂♂; same data as holotype; Oct.-Nov. 2002; CD9090; CD9091; CNC. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by yellow legs, hind tibia with a wrinkled indentation mid-anteriorly bearing one distinctly stronger bristle and each gonopod with six to seven strong bristles on inner side. It is closely related to C. conjuncta and C. thekkadiensis (clavata species group). It differs by the shape of surstyli in lateral view and the specific shape of the phallic guide with two projecting lobes on either side in ventral view. Description. Male. Body length (excluding antennae) 3.7-3.8 mm (n = 3). Head. Face dark, silver-gray pruinose. Scape dark. Pedicel brown, with four dark upper and two lower bristles (the long one is longer than half of flagellum). Flagellum light brown, pointed to tapering (LF:WF = 2.0-2.1) and gray pruinose. Arista dark. Eyes meeting for 11 to 12 times diameter of ocellus. Frons dark, silver-gray pruinose. Vertex dark, lacking pruinosity, bearing an elevated ocellar triangle. Occiput dark, gray pruinose with scattered dark and small bristles. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe pale, gray pruinose and with three to four postpronotal bristles along upper margin (up to 0.08 mm). Prescutum and scutum dark, predominantly gray pruinose, only dorsocentrally with some brown pruinosity to various extents, with two uniseriate dorsocentral rows of brown bristles and longer supra-alar bristles. Scutellum dark, gray pruinose, with a fringe of 11-13 short dark bristles (up to 0.05 mm). Subscutellum large with two patches of brown-gray pruinose laterally. Wing. Length: 3.0-3.2 mm. LW:MWW = 2.4. Wing with microtrichia. Pterostigma brown and complete (LS:LTC = 1.0; LTC:LFC = 1). r-m reaches dm between basal third and half of the cell’s length. Halter Length: 0.5 mm and yellow. Legs. Light brown. Coxae and trochanters gray pruinose. Mid coxa and hind trochanter with one or two dark bristles on inner apical corner. All femora with two ventral rows of dark peg-like spines in apical half. Hind tibia with a wrinkled indentation mid-anteriorly bearing one distinctly stronger bristle. Distitarsi brown covered with small black bristles and three long bristles at apex. Pulvilli slightly longer than distitarsi. Abdomen. Ground color dark. Tergite 1 gray pruinose with four to five dark lateral bristles. Tergite 2 gray pruinose. Tergites 3-5 laterally gray pruinose, extending onto dorsal surface along posterior margin and largely meeting, otherwise brown pruinose. Sternites 1-7 brown and dark in middle, gray pruinose. LT35:WS8 = 2.3. Syntergosternite 8 dark, gray pruinose, viewed laterally as long as high (LS8:HS8 = 1.0). Viewed caudally, membranous area of medium size, somewhat ovate. Genitalia. Genital capsule dorsal view: epandrium light brown, gray pruinose and slightly wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.8-0.9). Surstyli somewhat pale, gray pruinose, symmetrical, slightly bow-shaped and enlarged separation at base (Fig. 6A). Genital capsule ventral view: gonopods equal, rather large, each with six or seven strong bristles on inner side (Fig. 6B). Genital capsule lateral view: phallus with a strong and straight base, with three small ejaculatory ducts, two of them bearing two or three saw-like small teeth along their side (Fig. 6D, E). Phallic guide long and broad, especially at apex with two projecting lobes on either side with hooked tip (Fig. 6D, E). Epandrium with small projecting lobe on either side. Surstyli broadened apically (Fig. 6D, E). Ejaculatory apodeme nail-shaped with a bulbous middle (Fig. 6C). Etymology. From mantis (common name of Mantidae family) and phalliga (phallic guide), referring to the similarity between the shape of the phallic guide and a mantis in ventral view. Distribution. Yemen (Fig. 10)., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2019, Revision of Claraeola (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in the Middle East based on morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 85-111 in ZooKeys 873 on page 85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.873.36645

Claraeola khorshidae Motamedinia & Kehlmaier, 2017Fig. 11 Examined material. Holotype. IRAN • ♂; Southern Khorasan province, Mohammadieh; 32°52'N, 59°01'E; 1419 m; 26 Apr. 2015; Malaise trap; B. Motamedinia leg.; ENA: LT626248; HMIM. Paratypes. IRAN • 2♂♂; same data as holotype; 23 Aug. 2015; HMIM • 1♀; same data as holotype; 15 Apr. 2015; SMTD; ENA: LT626248 • 2♀♀; same data as holotype; 14 Jul. 2016; HMIM. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by distinctly large gonopods, strong bent surstyli in lateral view, and long teeth on three ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 11 A–G). Distribution. Iran (Motamedinia et al. 2017b). Remarks. This species was described by Motamedinia and Kehlmaier (2017) from the east of Iran., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2019, Revision of Claraeola (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in the Middle East based on morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 85-111 in ZooKeys 873 on page 85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.873.36645, {"references":["Motamedinia, B, Kehlmaier, C, Mokhtari, A, Rakhshani, E, Gilasian, E, 2017b. Discovery of the genus Claraeola Aczel in Iran with the description of two new species (Diptera: Pipunculidae). . Zootaxa 4227: 563 - 572"]}

Claraeola halterata (Meigen, 1838)Figs 3, 9 C–D Pipunculus halteratus Meigen 1838: 146. Examined material. ISRAEL • 1♂; Har Hermon; 31°46'N, 34°37'E; 11 Jun. 2003; A. Freidberg leg.; JSS51645; GB: MN182742; TAU. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by dark legs; surstyli in lateral view with dorsally humped base (Fig. 3D, E); large outer gonopod (Fig. 3B). Distribution. Austria, Belgium, France (mainland), Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Israel (Fig. 10), Latvia, Netherlands, Slovakia (Kehlmaier 2005a). Remarks. Meigen (1838) described the species from Belgium. Due to the loss of all type material, Kehlmaier (2005a) designated a neotype and redescribed the species. The neotype is from Vernditch (southern England) and is deposited in The Natural History Museum, London (England). This species was examined by Skevington and Yeates (2001) for their phylogenetic study of Eudorylini., Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott, 2019, Revision of Claraeola (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in the Middle East based on morphology and DNA barcodes, pp. 85-111 in ZooKeys 873 on page 85, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.873.36645, {"references":["Kehlmaier, C, 2005a. Taxonomic revision of European Eudorylini (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). . Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge 41: 45 - 353","Skevington, JH, Yeates, DK, 2001. Phylogenetic classification of Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae). . Systematic Entomology 26: 421 - 452"]}