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Genus Maratus Karsch 1878 Type species Maratus amabilis Karsch 1878, Published as part of Otto, Ju. rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus ammophilus, a new peacock spider in the Fimbriatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-65 in Peckhamia 273 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171540, {"references":["Karsch, F. 1878. Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Mu. nchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22 - 32."]}

Maratus speculifer (Simon 1909) Habrocestum speculiferum Simon 1909 Lycidas speculifer ŻVabka 1987 Maratus speculiferus Otto & Hill 2012 Maratus speculifer Otto & Hill 2017 For more than a century, this species, endemic to coastal areas near Perth, was the only known member of the fimbriatus group. Fortunately earlier descriptions by Simon (1909) and later by ŻVabka (1987) are quite good. We previously published Simon's description with an English translation (Otto @ Hill 2012, p. 78). However good published photographs of this species, and the undescribed female in particular, are lacking. Etymology. The species name, speculifer (Lat., m., adj.); the English meaning bearing a mirror is clearly a reference to the shiny black scute that covers the dorsal opisthosoma of the adult male. Diagnosis. Most closely related to M. ammophilus, n. sp., found along the coast to the north in Western Australia. See the diagnosis of that species for a comparison. Photographs of the living male and female, as well as ŻVabka's (1987) drawings of the male pedipalp, are shown in Figures 37-40. specimen came with the label " Habrocestum speculiferum Simon, Holotypus, North Fremantle." After Żabka (1987), used with permission. Courtship (Figures 41-45). The courtship display of the male Maratus speculifer resembles that of M. ammophilus, with perhaps an even greater emphasis on rocking or see-saw movement from side to side, with legs I elevated and extended, legs III extended to the sides, and legs II and IV held in place. to side or rocking movement relative to the previous frame., Published as part of Otto, Ju. rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus ammophilus, a new peacock spider in the Fimbriatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-65 in Peckhamia 273 (1) on pages 51-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171540, {"references":["Simon, E. 1909. Lief. 12. Araneae, 2 me partie. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Sr. W. Michaelseon und Dr. R. Hartmeyer. Band II, Lieferung 9 - 13. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 155 - 212.","Zabka, M. 1987. Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, II. Genera Lycidas and Maratus. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 40: 451 - 482."]}

Maratus ammophilus, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #1), five paratype males (♂ #2-6), and two paratype females (♀ #1-2) were collected at Pumpkin Hollow on the coast north of Perth, Western Australia (30.233116°S, 115.014010°E, 7-18 FEB 2021, coll. Caleb Bartell). ♂ #1-4 and ♀ #2 were caught as juveniles and raised to adulthood, ♂ #5 and ♀ #1 were caught as adults, and ♂ #6 was raised from an egg deposited by ♀ #1. Three paratype males (♂ #7-9) and four paratype females (♀ #3-6) were collected at nearby South Bay, Green Head (30.073353°S, 114.978204°E, 7-18 FEB 2021, coll. Caleb Bartell). ♂ #9 was caught as an adult, ♂ #7-8 and ♀ #3-6 were collected as juveniles and raised to adulthood. All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. M. ammophilus has also been observed at Lake Thetis in Cervantes (30.505942°S, 115.078376°E, JUL 2018; Su Rammohan, pers. comm.), and at the beach in Kalbarri (27.703654°S, 114.167276°E, JUN 2022; Michael Lun, pers. comm.). Etymology. The species group name, ammophilus (Latin, adjective, m.), means sand-loving, a reference to the sandy beach habitat of these spiders. Diagnosis. The distinctive wheel-rim shape of the embolus and the use of legs I in courtship clearly place the male Maratus ammophilus in the fimbriatus group of the genus Maratus. The male resembles M. speculifer with respect to the unusual shape and yellow-green colour of femora I, with a wider proximal subsegment separated from a narrower distal subsegment by a shelf on the anterior side. However, the overall colouration of the male M. ammophilus (Figure 1) is quite different, like the female almost entirely off-white. The setae of the dorsal opisthosoma of M. ammophilus are off-white and moderately iridescent, whereas the fan of the male M. speculifer bears a singular dark and glabrous, shiny scute, the basis for its species name. In addition the anterior femora I and II of M. ammophilus have a transverse black bar at the distal end of each subsegment, or at least at the end of each proximal subsegment, easily visible from the front during courtship display. Description of male (Figures 4-7). Males (n=9) ranged from 3.2-3.8 mm in length. Almost the entire body, including the ventral opisthosoma, is covered with white to off-white or light-brown setae. The face is bright white, the chelicerae mostly glabrous and dark brown. An indistinct, middorsal thoracic tract of lighter setae may be present. The sides of the carapace have a distinct marginal band of white to offwhite setae. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the ALE. The dorsal opisthosoma tends to be light brown rather than white, often with a moderate iridescence. Legs I and II of similar length, shorter than legs III and IV, all with indistinct dark bands at the joints. Legs III are the longest. Sternum, labium and endites are dark brown to grey, almost glabrous except for longer white to off-white setae radiating from the posterior and lateral margins of the sternum. Cuticle of the prosoma and opisthosoma dark, that of the appendages almost lacking pigment. Ventral surface of each femur I and II translucent and almost glabrous, yellow-green. Each femur I and II is divided into a proximal subsegment of greater diameter, and a distal subsegment of lesser diameter, each subsegment (or at least the proximal subsegment) marked distally by a dark transverse band on the ventral surface; these subsegments are separated by a distinct, ventral shelf associated with the transverse band of the proximal subsegment (Figure 4:8,52). Pedipalps are light in colour, covered with long white setae. The retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) is unremarkable, similar to that of other Maratus. As is the case for other members of the fimbriatus group, the embolus resembles a wheel-rim, darker along the upper and lower margins of that rim, with a distally projecting terminus that bears the apical pore. Description of female (figures 8-10). Females (n=5) ranged from 4.0- 4.9 mm in length. Colour very much like the male, although the yellow-green colouration beneath femora I and II may be subdued and obscured by long white setae. Most of the type females have a fairly uniform but variable cover of off-white to light brown setae on the dorsum, but one (♀ #2, Figure 8:4-12) is much more patterned or contrasty on the dorsum, with many areas bearing darker brown setae. Variable pigmentation of the cuticle is more evident in alcohol (Figure 10:1-20). All females have long, bright white setae on the face, projecting anteromedially over the top of the dark brown, glabrous chelicerae. Setae covering the lower sides of the carapace are also bright white. PME closer to the PLE than to the ALE. Legs I and II are shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV longer and also of similar length. The epigynum (Figure 10: 25-28) is unremarkable and similar to that of other Maratus, with large fossae and posterior spermathecae of similar size. Immatures (Figure 11). Immature Maratus ammophilus, even in the first emergent (free-living) instar (II), have a colouration similar to that of adults. Courtship (Figures 12-16). Courtship display in Maratus ammophilus, as observed under natural conditions in the laboratory, is relatively simple, with the male moving intermittently (discontinuously) from side to side in front of the female, holding each new position with legs I extended and elevated to display the prominent markings on the underside of the femora, as legs III are extended to the sides. In this position, the ornamentation under legs II is also visible to the front. During this display the white pedipalps are held in place in front of the dark and glabrous chelicerae. As shown in Figure 12, the male tends to keep legs II in place when moving the elevated and extended legs I and III to one side or the other, and may even keep legs II and IV in place during this movement without any stepping at all. This fixed placement or stance of legs II keeps them in a position where the ventral femora II, like the ventral femora I, are readily visible from the front. When legs III are widely extended this side-to-side rocking movement also has a see-saw effect. The extent to which the opisthosoma is raised (never to a vertical position), or legs III are extended, varies. In addition, detailed placement of legs II and IV during each stance varies according to the surface on which the male is displaying. All aspects of this display are similar to those seen in other members of the fimbriatus group, although one species, Maratus fimbriatus, does not extend legs III, but also rotates the fan with each side-to-side movement. Mating. The erection of spines during mating by spiders corresponds to the transient increase in internal fluid pressure that occurs as seminal fluid is pumped from each pedipalp into the corresponding (same side) sperm duct of the female. This is documented for Maratus ammophilus in Figure 17. Habitat. Maratus ammophilus has been found on sandy ground, in coastal dunes along the Indian Ocean in Western Australia (Figures 2, 3:1-2, 18-19)., Published as part of Otto, Ju. rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus ammophilus, a new peacock spider in the Fimbriatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-65 in Peckhamia 273 (1) on pages 4-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171540

Ju, Otto, rgen C., Hill, David E. (2022): Maratus nubilis, a new peacock spider in the chrysomelas group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 264 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6533714, {"references":["Baehr, B. C. and R. Whyte. 2016. The peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus) of the Queensland Museum, including six new species. Zootaxa 4154 (5): 501-525.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias, G. Azevedo, K. Bi, M. M. Kasumovic, J. M. Waldock, E. B. Rosenblum and M. Hedin. 2021. Phylogenomics of peacock spiders and their kin (Salticidae: Maratus), with implications for the evolution of male courtship displays. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1-24.","Hsiung, B.-K., T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. In: The Nature of Light: Light in Nature V, ed. R. Liang and J. A. Shaw. Proceedings of SPIE 9187, 91870B: 1-20.","Hsiung, B.-K., R. H. Siddique, D. G. Stavenga, J. C. Otto, M. C. Allen, Y. Liu, Y-F. Lu, D. D. Deheyn, M. D. Shawkey and T. A. Blackledge. 2017. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super-iridescent optics. Nature Communications 8: 2278: 1-8, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02451-x","Keyserling, E. 1883. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nu/rnberg. 1: 1421-1489, pl. 120-123.","McCoy, D. E., V. E. McCoy, N. K. Mandsberg, A. V. Shneidman, J. Aizenberg, R. O. Prum and D. Haig. 2019. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 286 (1902): 1- 9. [20190589]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0589","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 103.1: 1-81.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013. A new peacock spider from Australia displays three 'sapphire gems' on a field of gold (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 105.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017. Two new peacock spiders from southeastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 153.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2021. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus), version 4. Peckhamia 148.4: 1-35.","Simon, E. 1909. Lief. 12. Araneae, 2me partie. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Sr. W. Michaelseon und Dr. R. Hartmeyer . Band II, Lieferung 9-13. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 155-212.","Soltis, P. S. and D. E. Soltis. 2003. Applying the bootstrap in phylogeny reconstruction. Statistical Science 18 (2): 256-267.","Waldock, J. M. 2002. Redescription of Lycidas chrysomelas (Simon) (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 227-234.","Weidner, H. 1967. Geschichte der Entomologie in Hamburg. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, N. F. 9 (Supplement): 5-387."]}

Maratus pinniger, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #1), six paratype males (♂ #2-7), and one paratype female (♀ #1) were collected in coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah / Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 2; S33.945174°, E 115.302561°, 16 OCT-10 NOV 2021, coll. Paul Winthrop). All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. Etymology. The species group name, pinniger (Latin, adjective, m.), means pinnate or feather-bearing, an apt description for the fan flaps displayed by the male of this species, bearing specialized setae that resemble long "feathers." Pinnager (or pennager) is also a medieval English occupational surname for a pennant or ensign-bearer. Diagnosis. Females resemble other females in the vespa group, and related groups in southwestern Australia, and examination of the male is necessary for identification. The male pedipalp also resembles that of other members of the vespa group and related groups. The male is closest to M. fletcheri in appearance (Figure 1), but can be reliably separated from that species by the presence of larger areas of iridescent scales at the rear of the fan, and the presence of multiple, long, feather-like setae (pinnae) extending beyond the margin of each lateral flap of the fan. The colour of scales that cover much of the body and legs (brown in M. fletcheri, white in M. pinniger) may not be a reliable indicator, as the related M. cristatus (Figure 1:2-3) has both colour forms. Description of male (Figures 3-9). Males (n=7) ranged from 3.3-3.8 mm in length. The chelicerae are black, glabrous. The clypeus is covered with many long white-grey setae, directed toward the front above the chelicerae. The carapace is black, mostly glabrous, with a cover of grey scales in the eye region, where three interrupted bands of brown or dark red-brown scales can be seen, one at the median and one on either side of this. Another irregular or interrupted band of brown or dark red-brown scales runs on either side of the carapace, through the lateral eyes. Small spots comprised of white-grey scales are present just behind each PLE, and in a median thoracic position. The margin of the carapace is lined with white-grey scales or setae. Each PME is distinctly closer to the ipsilateral PLE than to the ipsilateral ALE. Long, stout or erect black and white setae project from the anterodorsal opisthosoma. The fan bears a distinctive pattern (Figures 4, 6) comprised of iridescent blue-green and pigmented red to brown scales, with long feather-like setae (pinnae), some> 0.5 mm in length, extending beyond the curved posterior margin of each flap. The anterior margin of each flap also has a fringe of white-grey setae. Behind the fan, the posterodorsal opisthosoma is black, with a median group of mostly white, scattered scales and, behind this, the anal tuft of white setae (Figure 4) that is typically found in Maratus species. The spinnerets are black. Below (Figure 9), the opisthosoma is brown, with a covering of white setae, and the coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly dark-grey or black. The legs are generally black to brown in colour, legs I and II of about the same length and shortest, legs III longest. Legs I-II and IV are distinctly to indistinctly banded with white scales or setae. Legs III are heavily fringed with long white setae, dorsally on the femur, and mostly ventrally from the patella to metatarsus. Tarsus III is covered with bright white setae. Femora I and II are thicker, each with several black spots on glabrous, light brown cuticle when viewed from below. The pedipalp, with a single tooth below the apex of the outer ring of the embolus (Figure 8), is typical for the vespa group, as well as the related flavus, linnaei, and mungaich groups of southwestern Australia (Otto & Hill 2021), and appears to be of no use for identification to species. Description of female (Figures 10-11). Body length (n=1) 5.4 mm. In general the cuticle of the female is light-brown to brown and translucent, with darker brown banding on the legs, and dark brown on the dorsal carapace and opisthosoma. The paturon of each chelicera is mostly glabrous, with a sparse covering of white setae. The pedipalps are light-brown with a cover of projecting white setae. From the face, below the anterior eyes, and the clypeus a number of long white setae extend to the front. These are not as dense as they are in the male. Both the carapace and opisthosoma have scattered white and redbrown scales on a dark brown background dorsally, with bands of mostly white scales on either side. Except for a line of white setae in front, above the chelicerae, the margins of the carapace are almost entirely glabrous, without the marginal band seen in the male. The white bands on the lateral margins of the dorsal opisthosoma do not meet at the rear. A small triangular anal tuft of white scales is present, above the brown spinnerets. The venter of the opisthosoma is light-brown, with many small brown spots, with a fairly uniform cover of white setae. Coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly light brown and glabrous from below. Legs I and II shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV also of similar length but longer. From above all legs are distinctly to indistinctly banded with alternating white setae and exposed dark cuticle. The epigynum (Figure 11:6) is typical for the group, with a smaller fossa in front of each large posterior spermatheca, and more sclerotized ducts visible through the posterior half of each fossa. Courtship display (Figures 12-20). All observations of courtship took place under simulated natural conditions in the laboratory. Like other Maratus, male M. pinniger may raise one or both legs III to gain the attention of a nearby female (Figures 3:13, 12). Display may include slow, intermittent movement of legs III with occasional flexing at the tibiometatarsal joint. Advertising males could also extend legs III in a V-shaped configuration, and wave the elevated fan in a median position (Figures 13, 20:1-2). As is the case for other members of the vespa group, a close approach of the female to examine the male led to rotation of the fan from one side to the other behind legs III, held in more of a "calipers" position (Figures 14-20). During this display, the pedipalps, separated to reveal the glabrous black chelicerae, and legs III of the male were held in a stationary position. As with the previous (advertisement) display, movement of the fan was fairly continuous when observed with 120 fps video, involving left-right cycles of side to side movement at 5-9Hz, accompanied by "bobbing" or vibration of the opisthosoma at ~50Hz. Slower (2-3Hz) extension-retraction cycles of each lateral flap, as it was was turned toward the female at one side or the other, were also observed. Figure 16 (continued on next page). Serial frames from a 120fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus pinniger. 1-4, 1.5 cycles of left-right fan rotation at 5.6Hz. 5-10, 2.5 cycles of flap retraction at 2Hz. 12-43, 16 left-right cycles of fan rotation as the fan was raised to an elevated position, at 6.9Hz. Habitat. Maratus pinniger was found on coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah/Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 21).

Ju, Otto, C., Hill, David E. (2022): Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 262 (1): 1-30, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467908, {"references":["Beard, J. S., A. R. Chapman and P. Gioia. 2000. Species richness and endemism in the Western Australian flora. Journal of Biogeography 27: 1257-1268.","Bradshaw, S. D., K. W. Dixon, H. Lambers, A. T. Cross, J. Bailey and S. D. Hopper. 2018. Understanding the long-term impact of prescribed burning in mediterranean-climate biodiversity hotspots, with a focus on south-western Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire (https://doi.org/10.1071/WF18067): A-O.","Buchi, L. and S. Vuilleumier 2012. Dispersal strategies, few dominating or many coexisting: the effect of environmenal spatial structure and multiple sources of mortality. PLoS ONE 7 (4): e34733: 1-9.","Burrows, N. D., and G. Friend. 1998. 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Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Mu0nchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22-32.","Lavergne, S., J. D. Thompson, E. Garnier and M. Debussche. 2004. The biology and ecology of narrow endemic and widespread plants: a comparative study of trait variation in 20 congeneric pairs. Oikos 107: 505-518.","Lehman, C. L. and D. Tilman. 2000. Biodiversity, stability, and productivity in competitive communities. The American Naturalist 156 (5): 534-552.","Loreau, M. and C. de Mazancourt. 2013. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying mechanisms. Ecology Letters 16 (s1): 106-115.","Luxton, S., G. Wardell-Johnson, A. Sparrow, T. Robinson, L. Trotter and A. Grigg. 2021. Vegetation classification in southwestern Australia's Mediterranean jarrah forest: new data, old units, and a conservation conundrum. 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Peckhamia 189.1: 1-77.","Otto, J. C. and D. E .Hill. 2021. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus), version 4. Peckhamia 148.4: 1-35.","Rix, M. G., D. L. Edwards, M. Byrne, M. S. Harvey, L. Joseph and J. D. Roberts. 2015. Biogeography and speciation of terrestrial fauna in the south-western Australian biodiversity hotspot. Biological Reviews 90: 762-793.","Schubert, J. 2019. Three new peacock spiders from Southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4564 (1): 81-100.","Schubert, J. 2020. Seven new species of Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4758 (1): 1-44.","Schubert, J. 2021. Maratus nemo: a new wetland species of peacock spider from South Australia (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini). Evolutionary Systematics 5 (1): 71-80.","Sniderman, J. M. K., G. J. Jordan and R. M. Cowling. 2013. 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Maratus pinniger, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #1), six paratype males (♂ #2-7), and one paratype female (♀ #1) were collected in coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah / Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 2; S33.945174°, E 115.302561°, 16 OCT-10 NOV 2021, coll. Paul Winthrop). All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. Etymology. The species group name, pinniger (Latin, adjective, m.), means pinnate or feather-bearing, an apt description for the fan flaps displayed by the male of this species, bearing specialized setae that resemble long "feathers." Pinnager (or pennager) is also a medieval English occupational surname for a pennant or ensign-bearer. Diagnosis. Females resemble other females in the vespa group, and related groups in southwestern Australia, and examination of the male is necessary for identification. The male pedipalp also resembles that of other members of the vespa group and related groups. The male is closest to M. fletcheri in appearance (Figure 1), but can be reliably separated from that species by the presence of larger areas of iridescent scales at the rear of the fan, and the presence of multiple, long, feather-like setae (pinnae) extending beyond the margin of each lateral flap of the fan. The colour of scales that cover much of the body and legs (brown in M. fletcheri, white in M. pinniger) may not be a reliable indicator, as the related M. cristatus (Figure 1:2-3) has both colour forms. Description of male (Figures 3-9). Males (n=7) ranged from 3.3-3.8 mm in length. The chelicerae are black, glabrous. The clypeus is covered with many long white-grey setae, directed toward the front above the chelicerae. The carapace is black, mostly glabrous, with a cover of grey scales in the eye region, where three interrupted bands of brown or dark red-brown scales can be seen, one at the median and one on either side of this. Another irregular or interrupted band of brown or dark red-brown scales runs on either side of the carapace, through the lateral eyes. Small spots comprised of white-grey scales are present just behind each PLE, and in a median thoracic position. The margin of the carapace is lined with white-grey scales or setae. Each PME is distinctly closer to the ipsilateral PLE than to the ipsilateral ALE. Long, stout or erect black and white setae project from the anterodorsal opisthosoma. The fan bears a distinctive pattern (Figures 4, 6) comprised of iridescent blue-green and pigmented red to brown scales, with long feather-like setae (pinnae), some> 0.5 mm in length, extending beyond the curved posterior margin of each flap. The anterior margin of each flap also has a fringe of white-grey setae. Behind the fan, the posterodorsal opisthosoma is black, with a median group of mostly white, scattered scales and, behind this, the anal tuft of white setae (Figure 4) that is typically found in Maratus species. The spinnerets are black. Below (Figure 9), the opisthosoma is brown, with a covering of white setae, and the coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly dark-grey or black. The legs are generally black to brown in colour, legs I and II of about the same length and shortest, legs III longest. Legs I-II and IV are distinctly to indistinctly banded with white scales or setae. Legs III are heavily fringed with long white setae, dorsally on the femur, and mostly ventrally from the patella to metatarsus. Tarsus III is covered with bright white setae. Femora I and II are thicker, each with several black spots on glabrous, light brown cuticle when viewed from below. The pedipalp, with a single tooth below the apex of the outer ring of the embolus (Figure 8), is typical for the vespa group, as well as the related flavus, linnaei, and mungaich groups of southwestern Australia (Otto & Hill 2021), and appears to be of no use for identification to species. Description of female (Figures 10-11). Body length (n=1) 5.4 mm. In general the cuticle of the female is light-brown to brown and translucent, with darker brown banding on the legs, and dark brown on the dorsal carapace and opisthosoma. The paturon of each chelicera is mostly glabrous, with a sparse covering of white setae. The pedipalps are light-brown with a cover of projecting white setae. From the face, below the anterior eyes, and the clypeus a number of long white setae extend to the front. These are not as dense as they are in the male. Both the carapace and opisthosoma have scattered white and redbrown scales on a dark brown background dorsally, with bands of mostly white scales on either side. Except for a line of white setae in front, above the chelicerae, the margins of the carapace are almost entirely glabrous, without the marginal band seen in the male. The white bands on the lateral margins of the dorsal opisthosoma do not meet at the rear. A small triangular anal tuft of white scales is present, above the brown spinnerets. The venter of the opisthosoma is light-brown, with many small brown spots, with a fairly uniform cover of white setae. Coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly light brown and glabrous from below. Legs I and II shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV also of similar length but longer. From above all legs are distinctly to indistinctly banded with alternating white setae and exposed dark cuticle. The epigynum (Figure 11:6) is typical for the group, with a smaller fossa in front of each large posterior spermatheca, and more sclerotized ducts visible through the posterior half of each fossa. Courtship display (Figures 12-20). All observations of courtship took place under simulated natural conditions in the laboratory. Like other Maratus, male M. pinniger may raise one or both legs III to gain the attention of a nearby female (Figures 3:13, 12). Display may include slow, intermittent movement of legs III with occasional flexing at the tibiometatarsal joint. Advertising males could also extend legs III in a V-shaped configuration, and wave the elevated fan in a median position (Figures 13, 20:1-2). As is the case for other members of the vespa group, a close approach of the female to examine the male led to rotation of the fan from one side to the other behind legs III, held in more of a "calipers" position (Figures 14-20). During this display, the pedipalps, separated to reveal the glabrous black chelicerae, and legs III of the male were held in a stationary position. As with the previous (advertisement) display, movement of the fan was fairly continuous when observed with 120 fps video, involving left-right cycles of side to side movement at 5-9Hz, accompanied by "bobbing" or vibration of the opisthosoma at ~50Hz. Slower (2-3Hz) extension-retraction cycles of each lateral flap, as it was was turned toward the female at one side or the other, were also observed. Figure 16 (continued on next page). Serial frames from a 120fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus pinniger. 1-4, 1.5 cycles of left-right fan rotation at 5.6Hz. 5-10, 2.5 cycles of flap retraction at 2Hz. 12-43, 16 left-right cycles of fan rotation as the fan was raised to an elevated position, at 6.9Hz. Habitat. Maratus pinniger was found on coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah/Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 21)., Published as part of Ju, Otto, C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-30 in Peckhamia 262 (1) on pages 4-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6467908, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2021. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus), version 4. Peckhamia 148.4: 1 - 35."]}

Hill, David E. (2021): The Ecuadorean jumping spiders of Andreas Kay (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 254 (1): 1-19, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360372, {"references":["Bayer, S., H. Hofer, and H. Metzner. 2020. Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini). Zootaxa 4806 (1): 1-144.","Bustamante, A. A., W. P. Maddison and G. R. S. Ruiz. 2015. The jumping spider genus Thiodina Simon, 1900 reinterpreted, and revalidation of Colonus F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 and Nilakantha Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida). Zootaxa 4012 (1): 181-190.","Chickering, A. M. 1946. The Salticidae of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 97: 1-474.","Edwards, G. B. 2015. Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036 (1): 1-87.","Hazzi, N. A., J. S. Moreno, C. Ortiz-Movliav and R. D. Palacio. 2018. Biogeographic regions and events of isolation and diversification of the endemic biota of the tropical Andes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (31): 7985-7990.","Hentz, N. M. 1845. Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5 (2): 189-202, pl. 16-17.","Hill, D. E. 2018. Notes on the jumping spiders Colonus puerperus (Hentz 1846) and Colonus sylvanus (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida: Gophoini). Peckhamia 99.2: 1-63.","Hill, D. E. and G. B. Edwards. 2013. Origins of the North American jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 107.1: 1-67.","Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, NuMrnberg. Dreizehnter Band: 1-234, pl. 433-468, figs. 1078-1271; Vierzehnter Band: 1-88, pl. 467-480, figs. 1272-1342.","Koch, C. L. 1850. UObersicht des Arachnidensystems. Heft 5. J. L. Lotzbeck, NuMrnberg: 1-77.","Maddison, W. P. 2006. New lapsiine jumping spiders from Ecuador (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 1255: 17-28.","Maddison, W. P. 2012. Five new species of lapsiine jumping spiders from Ecuador (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 3424: 51- 65.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders. Journal of Arachnology 43: 231-292.","Maddison, W. P. 2016. Sumakuru, a deeply-diverging new genus of lyssomanine jumping spiders from Ecuador (Araneae: Salticidae). ZooKeys 614: 87-96.","Maddison, W. P. 2019. A new lapsiine jumping spider from North America, with a review of Simon's Lapsias species (Araneae, Salticidae, Spartaeinae). ZooKeys 891: 17-29.","Maddison, W. P., S. C. Evans, C. A. Hamilton, J. E. Bond, A. R. Lemmon and E, M. Lemmon. 2017. A genome-wide phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) using anchored hybrid enrichment. ZooKeys 695: 89-101.","Maddison, W. P., D. Li, M. Bodner, J. Zhang, X. Xu, Q. Liu and F. Liu. 2014. The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 440: 57-87.","Maddison, W. P., D. R. Maddison, S. Derkarabetian and M. Hedin. 2020. Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini). ZooKeys 925: 1-54.","Noh, J. K., C. Echeverria, J. Kleemann, H. Koo, C. Furst and P. Cuenca. 2020. Warning about conservation status of forest ecosystems in tropical Andes: National assessment based on IUCN criteria. PLoS ONE 15 (8): e0237877: 1-19.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1892. Ant-like spiders of the family Attidae. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 2(1): 1-84.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1895. Spiders of the Homalattus group of the family Attidae. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 2: 159-183.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1896. Spiders of the family Attidae from Central America and Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 3: 1-101.","Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. 1901. Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, London 2: 193-312.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1879. On a new genus and species of spiders of the family Salticides. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47 (1): 119-121.","Poux, C., P. Chevret, D. Huchon, W. W. de Jong, and E. J. P. Douzery. 2006. Arrival and diversification of caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates in South America. Systematic Biology. 55 (2): 228-244.","Ruiz, G. R. S. and W. P. Maddison. 2015. The new Andean jumping spider genus Urupuyu and its placement within a revised classification of the Amycoida (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4040 (3): 251-279.","Ruiz, G. R. S., W. P. Maddison and M. E. Galiano. 2019. A revision of the concept of Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882, and proposal of a new genus (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycini). Zootaxa 4658(1): 124-140.","Scioscia, C. L. 1997. RevisioCn del geCnero Parnaenus Peckham y Peckham, 1896 (Araneae, Salticidae). Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, SeccioCn C 53: 37-47.","Simon, E. 1900a. Etudes arachnologiques. 30e MeCmoire. XLVII. Descriptions d'espeSces nouvelles de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la SocieCteCEntomologique de France 69: 27-61.","Simon, E. 1900b. Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la SocieCteCEntomologique de Belgique 44: 381-407.","Simon, E. 1901. Histoire naturelle des araigneCes. DeuxieSme eCdition, tome second. Roret, Paris: 381-668.","Simon, E. 1902. Etudes arachnologiques. 32e MeCmoire. LI. Descriptions d'espeSces nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la SocieCteCEntomologique de France 71: 389-421.","WSC. 2021. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 6 DEC 2021. doi: 10.24436/2","Zhang, J. and W. P. Maddison. 2012. New euophryine jumping spiders from Central and South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3578: 1-35.","Zhang, J. and W. P. Maddison. 2013. Molecular phylogeny, divergence times and biogeography of spiders of the subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 81-92.","Zhang, J. and W. P. Maddison. 2015. Genera of euophryine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), with a combined molecular-morphological phylogeny. Zootaxa 3938 (1): 1-147."]}

Aelurillini: Freyina (Figures 22-32) The Freyina is a very successful, endemic group of Neotropical salticids. G. B. Edwards has recently published a comprehensive review of this group (Edwards 2015). It is quite possible that the Freyina represent diversification or radiation from a single ancestor transported from Africa to South America by the prevailing east-to-west ocean currents that link the two continents. A similar form of transport, in the Eocene, is thought to account for the introduction of caviomorph rodents and primates to South America, each group descending from a single ancestor (Poux et al. 2006)., Published as part of Hill, David E., 2021, The Ecuadorean jumping spiders of Andreas Kay (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 1-19 in Peckhamia 254 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6360372, {"references":["Edwards, G. B. 2015. Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036 (1): 1 - 87.","Poux, C., P. Chevret, D. Huchon, W. W. de Jong, and E. J. P. Douzery. 2006. Arrival and diversification of caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates in South America. Systematic Biology. 55 (2): 228 - 244."]}

Otto, Jürgen C., Hill, David E. (2021): Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders. Peckhamia 148 (4): 1-35, {"references":["Annable, T. 2017. Association of a white-banded jumping Spider 'Hypoblemum albovittatum ' (Salticidae: Araneomorphae: Aranaea) with an Anemone Stinkhorn Fungus 'Aseroe rubra ' (Phallaceae: Basidiomycota). The Victorian Naturalist 134 (5): 150-152.","Baehr, B. C. and R. Whyte. 2016. The peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus) of the Queensland Museum, including six new species. Zootaxa 4154 (5): 501-525.","Butler, L. S. G. 1933. The common and conspicuous spiders of Melbourne. Victoria Naturalist 49: 271-292.","Davies, V. T. and M. Zabka. 1989. Illustrated keys to the genera of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27: 189-266.","De Angelis, D., H. Davis, B. Jenner and J. de Jong. 2013. A colourful addition to the spider fauna of Victoria: the peacock spider Maratus splendens (Rainbow, 1896) (Araneae: Salticidae). The Victorian Naturalist 130 (6): 224-231.","Dolev, Y. and X. Nelson. 2016. Biological relevance affects object recognition in jumping spiders. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 43 (1): 42-53.","Dunn, R. A. 1947. A new salticid spider from Victoria. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 15: 82-85.","Dunn, R. A. 1957. The Peacock Spider. Walkabout, April 1st, 1957: 38-39.","Foelix, R. F., B. Erb and D. E. Hill. 2013. Structural colors in spiders. In: Spider Ecophysiology, W. Nentwig, ed., Springer- Verlag. pp. 333-347.","Forster, R. F. and L. M. Forster. 1972. New Zealand spiders: an introduction. Collins, Auckland: 1-254.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias, G. Azevedo, K. Bi, M. M. Kasumovic, J. M. Waldock, E. B. Rosenblum and M. Hedin. 2021. Phylogenomics of peacock spiders and their kin (Salticidae: Maratus), with implications for the evolution of male courtship displays. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1-24.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias and M. M. Kasumovic. 2015. Female preference for multi-modal courtship: Multiple signals are important for male mating success in peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282: 1-10. 20152222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2222.","Girard, M. B. and J. A. Endler. 2014. Peacock spiders. Current Biology 24 (13): pR588-R590.","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2011. Multi-modal courtship in the peacock spider, Maratus volans (O.P.- Cambridge, 1874). PLoS ONE 6 (9): e25390: 1-10. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025390)","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2018a. The role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signalling systems. Behavioral Ecology 29 (6): 1234-1244.","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2018b. Data from: the role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signaling systems. Dryad Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.86vt482","Hill, D. E. 2009. Euophryine jumping spiders that extend their third legs during courtship (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus, Saitis). Peckhamia 74.1: 1-27.","Hill, D. E. 2010. Sunda to Sahul: Trans-Wallacean distribution of recent salticid genera (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 80.1: 1-60.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2011. Visual display by male Maratus pavonis (Dunn 1947) and Maratus splendens (Rainbow 1896) (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 89.1: 1-41.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2014. Visual courtship display by the male Coastal Peacock Spider [Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus speciosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874)]. Peckhamia 119.1: 1-18.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2019. Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 196.1: 1-35.","Hoye, G. A. and P. B. McQuillan. 2014. Maratus harrisi (Araneae: Salticidae), a newly recorded peacock jumping spider for Tasmania. Tasmanian Naturalist 136: 78-82.","Hsiung, B.-K., T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. In: The Nature of Light: Light in Nature V, ed. R. Liang and J. A. Shaw. Proceedings of SPIE 9187, 91870B: 1-20.","Hsiung, B.-K., N. M. Justyn, T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2017a. Spiders have rich pigmentary and structural colour palettes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220: 1975-1983, doi:10.1242/jeb.156083","Hsiung, B.-K., R. H. Siddique, D. G. Stavenga, J. C. Otto, M. C. Allen, Y. Liu, Y-F. Lu, D. D. Deheyn, M. D. Shawkey and T. A. Blackledge. 2017b. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super-iridescent optics. Nature Communications 8: 2278: 1-8, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02451-x","Jackson, R. R. and M. B. Willey. 1995. Display and mating behaviour of Euophrys parvula, a New Zealand jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 22 (1): 1-16.","Karsch, F. 1878. Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22-32.","Keyserling, E. 1881. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1272-1324, pl. 109-112.","Keyserling, E. 1882. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1325-1420, pl. 113-120.","Keyserling, E. 1883. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1421-1489, pl. 120-123.","Koch, L. 1881. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1213-1271, pl. 104-108.","Mascord, R. 1970. Australian spiders in colour. A. H. and A. W. Redd Pty Ltd. Sydney. pp. 1-112.","McCoy, D. E., V. E. McCoy, N. K. Mandsberg, A. V. Shneidman, J. Aizenberg, R. O. Prum and D. Haig. 2019. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 286 (1902): 1-9. [20190589]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0589","Nieuwenhuys, E. 2008. Peacock spider, Maratus volans. Online at: http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/australian/salticidae/ Peacock_spider_Maratus_volans.htm","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2010. Observations of courtship display by a male Maratus amabilis Karsch 1878 (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 79.1: 1-16.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2011a. Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae) from southern Australia. Peckhamia 92.1: 1-6.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2011b. An illustrated review of the known peacock spiders of the genus Maratus from Australia, with description of a new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 96.1: 1-27.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012a. Contests between male Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 98.1: 1-17.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012b. Description of Darlington's Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus species A) from the Stirling Range National Park of Western Australia. Peckhamia 101.1: 1-21.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012c. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 103.1: 1-81.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012d. Two new Australian peacock spiders that display inflated and extended spinnerets (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 104.1: 1-28.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012e. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae), version 2. Peckhamia 103.2: 1-82.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013a. A new peacock spider from Australia displays three 'sapphire gems' on a field of gold (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 105.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013b. Three new Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus). Peckhamia 108.1: 1-39.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014a. Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid. Peckhamia 112.1: 1-35.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014b. Description of a new peacock spider from Cape Le Grand, Western Australia, with observations on display by males and females and comparative notes on the related Maratus volans (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 114.1: 1-38.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014c. Description of a new peacock spider from the Gnangara Mound north of Perth, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 115.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014d. Peacock spiders of the pavonis group from southern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 117.1: 1-62.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015a. Two new peacock spiders of the calcitrans group from southern Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 121.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015b. Adult display by a penultimate male Coastal Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus speciosus). Peckhamia 122.1: 1-6.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015c. Maratus elephans, a new member of the volans group from New South Wales (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 123.1: 1-19.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015d. Maratus personatus, a masked peacock spider from Cape Riche, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 127.1: 1-30.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016a. Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 136.1: 1-24.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016b. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141.1: 1-101.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017a. Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus). Peckhamia 147.1: 1-86.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017b. Five new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 152.1: 1-97.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017c. Two new peacock spiders from southeastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 153.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018a. Two new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 160.1: 1-42.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018b. Two new peacock spiders in the vespa group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 168.1: 1-82.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019a. Three new peacock spiders from the southeast and southwest of Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 189.1: 1-77.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019b. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3. Peckhamia 148.3: 1-28.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019c. Maratus banyowla, a new peacock spider in the personatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 195.1: 1-23.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Maratus tiddalik, a new peacock spider in the flavus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 223.1: 1-26.","Otto, J. C., D. E. Hill and R. Whyte. 2019. Australian jumping spiders of the genus Hypoblemum (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 180.1: 1-62.","Paquin, P., C. Vink, C. Duperre and N. Duperre. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. 1-118.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1885. Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters 6: 255-342, tables I-IV.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1886. Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 6: 255-342.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1874. On some new genera and species of Araneida. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 4, volume 14, Issue Number 81, Paper 24: 169-183, plate XVII.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae. Zeszyty Naukowe WSRP, Siedlce. Figs. 1-177.","Proszynski, J. 2017. Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133.","Rainbow, W. J. 1896. Descriptions of some new Araneidae of New South Wales. No. 7. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21: 628-633.","Rainbow, W. J. 1911. A census of Australian Araneidae. Records of the Australian Museum 9: 107-319.","Roewer, C. F. 1951. Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Bremen 32: 437-456.","Ridewood, W. G. 1913. Guide to the exhibition of specimens illustrating the modification of the structure of animals in relation to flight. British Museum of Natural History, Special Guide 6: i-viii, 1-80.","Schubert, J. 2019a. Three new peacock spiders from Southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4564 (1): 81-100.","Schubert, J. 2019b. Maratus occasus, a new peacock spider from Queensland, Australia with a review of the Maratus tasmanicus group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 187.1:1-10.","Schubert, J. 2020a. First records of Maratus robinsoni Otto & Hill 2012 and Maratus vultus Otto & Hill 2016 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878) from Victoria, Australia. Peckhamia 206.1: 1-7.","Schubert, J. 2020b. Seven new species of Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4758 (1): 1-44.","Schubert, J. and R. Whyte. 2019. A new peacock spider from the Cape York Peninsula (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 177.1:1-16.","Simon, E. 1901a. Histoire naturelle des Araignees, Paris 2: 381-668.","Simon. E. 1901b. Etudes arachnologiques. 31e. Memoire. L. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 70: 66-76.","Simon, E. 1903. Histoire naturelle des Araignees, Paris 2: 669-1080.","Simon, E. 1909. Lief. 12. Araneae, 2me partie. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Sr. W. Michaelseon und Dr. R. Hartmeyer. Band II, Lieferung 9-13. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 155-212.","Stavenga, D. G., J. C. Otto and B. D. Wilts. 2016. Splendid coloration of the peacock spider Maratus splendens. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 13: 20160437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0437. pp. 1-8.","Waldock, J. M. 1993. Peacocks of the spider world. Australian Natural History 24:10-11.","Waldock, J. M. 1995. A new species of Maratus from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum. Supplement No. 52: 165-169.","Waldock, J. M. 2002. Redescription of Lycidas chrysomelas (Simon) (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 227-234.","Waldock, J. M. 2007. 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2. Cosmophasis baehrae Żabka & Waldock 2012 Figures 12-17, Map (Figures 1-2) #5 Material examined. Two adult females (HC-BN5f and HC-BN6f) were collected 13 FEB 2017 (preserved 18 FEB 2017) by the senior author on small garden croton plants (Euphorbiaceae: Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss.) growing along the roadside on Banda Neir in the Banda Islands. These specimens will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. One male (Figure 11) and two more females from this habitat were also photographed but not collected. Diagnosis. Adult males (Figure 12) can be identified by their mostly black and white colouration, including a median stripe of white setae extending from the front of the eye region, between the AME, to the clypeus. The sides of the carapace are covered with iridescent violet scales. Females (Figures 13-17) vary in appearance, but are generally brown to bronze or light-orange and ivory-white in colour, with white setae extending to the clypeus between the AME, as in the males. Identification can be confirmed by examining the epigynum, which bears two darker figures, each shaped like a retort (Figure 17). This is a widely-distributed but little-studied species, mostly from the tropical north of Australia (Figure 1)., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198."]}

9. Cosmophasis umbratica Simon 1903 Figures 41-45, Map (Figure 1) #57 A series of studies of the courtship and agonistic behavior of Cosmophasis umbratica have been published in recent years, based on spiders collected in Singapore (Lim & Li 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2007, 2013; Lim, Land & Li 2007; Lim, Li & Li 2008; Taylor & McGraw 2007). Land et al. (2007) described the layered structure of iridescent, ultraviolet reflecting scales of this species, and Bulbert et al (2015) later studied the predatory cost of male ornamentation. With all of these studies, one might assume that this species is well-known. That is not the case. The only descriptions that we have for C. umbratica are Simon's original but brief text description of a male, and subsequent drawings of Simon's male specimen by Prószyński (1984). Both appear here in their entirety, with a new English translation of Simon's description, in Appendix 5. Dyal (1935) listed an all-black 5 mm female with diminuitive ALE from remote Lahore, Pakistan under C. umbratica. That specimen is definitely not a Cosmophasis. Thus the female of C. umbratica, though often subject to study, has never been described. But even the description of the male (Simon 1903b; Prószyński 1984) is problematic. There is little here to suggest that C. umbratica is anything other than a synonym for C. thalassina. This is supported by the fact that the type for C. thalassina came from Bintan Island (see Appendix 4), near Singapore where C. umbratica has been most often observed. The drawing of the male pedipalp of C. umbratica by Prószyński (1984) differs somewhat from more recent published (Żabka & Waldock 2012) images of the pedipalp of C. thalassina in that the rotation of the pedipalp in the former is about 220°, the latter 160°. However this does not account for the possibility of intraspecific variation, or the possibility that Prószyński's drawing is either skewed in angle or inaccurately drawn. At present the two species cannot be reliably separated in the field. Those identified as C. umbratica have either a locality closer to Singapore than to Australia, males with more gold-colour in their iridescent scales, or females with more colourful scale colour. But we also know that female C. thalassina are quite variable in colouration, even in Australia, with distinct to indistinct transverse bars across the dorsal opisthosoma. In Figures 41-45 we present a series of photographs of males and females that could be identified as C. umbratica, as well as photographs of immatures from the same areas. The immatures are similar to the immature C. thalassina shown above (Figures 39-40)., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Land, M. F., J. Horwood, M. L. M. Lim and D. Li. 2007. Optics of the ultraviolet reflecting scales of a jumping spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 274: 1583 - 1589.","Bulbert, M. W., J. C. O'Hanlon, S. Zappettini, S. Zhang and D. Li. 2015. Sexually selected UV signals in the tropical ornate jumping spider, Cosmophasis umbratica may incur costs from predation. Ecology and Evolution 5 (4): 914 - 920.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177.","Dyal, S. 1935. Fauna of Lahore. 4. Spiders of Lahore. Bulletin of the Department of Zoology of the Panjab University 1: 119 - 252, pl. 11 - 17.","Simon, E. 1903 b. Etudes arachnologiques. 34 e Memoire. LIV. Arachnides recueillis a Sumatra par M. J. Bouchard. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 72: 301 - 310.","Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198."]}

12. Cosmophasis waeri, new species Figures 51-52, Map (Figures 1-2) #60 Type material. The holotype ♀ (HC-BB5 f) was collected by the senior author on a small potted Codiaeum variegatum plant at Waer, on the eastern side of Banda Besar (Banda Island), in the Banda Islands (collected 8 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 18 FEB 2016). This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, waeri is a reference to the fact that this species was found at Waer on Banda Besar. Diagnosis. The female C. waeri most closely resembles C. squamata, also found on Banda Besar. However the epigynum is completely convex, lacking the two parallel furrows characteristic of C. squamata. In addition, a small orange spot is present at the center of each darker area on the dorsal opisthosoma of C. waeri. Below each light-yellow or off-white marginal band on either side of the opisthosoma, there is only a narrow and irregular dark brown line in the female C. waeri. This dark line is much wider in C. squamata. The carapace of our specimen appears to be rubbed in the eye region, but there is no sign of the pair of dark transverse bands that cross the carapace of C. squamata. The male is not known. Description of female (Figures 51-52). Length about 5 mm (Figure 52:1-2). Chelicerae typical for genus, dark amber in colour, mostly glabrous. A single large, unidentate, triangular tooth is present, toward the median, on both the anterior and posterior margins of each fang groove (Figure 52: 3-4). White scales surround the anterior eyes below, orange scales above. Scale cover of eye region not known. Narrow white band present around the margin of the carapace, a shorter narrow band just above this near the front. Carapace dark brown, with dense cover of iridescent green-gold scales around the sides and to the rear of the PLE. Dorsal opisthosoma covered with dense array of dark brown, rounded, overlapping scales, with a wide marginal band of light-yellow or off-white, rounded, overlapping scales extending from the front around most of the length of each side. Below this on either side a narrow, interrupted, brown line is present. Three transverse bands of these scales cross the dorsal opisthosoma, where a less regular and interrupted median tract of the same scales is also present. A small orange spot is present at the center of each dark-brown area. At the rear of the dorsal opisthosoma, and on the dorsal surfaces of the posterior lateral spinnerets, iridescent violet scales are present. Below, the opisthosoma is light yellow-brown, with two pairs of large white spots on either side, and a dark then light transverse band at the rear (Figure 52:2). The spinnerets are grey and unremarkable. Legs as shown in Figure 50, with some iridescence and indistinct longitudinal stripes. The epigynum (Figure 52:5-9) is convex and triangular, similar in outline to that of C. squamata but otherwise distinctive. Figure 52:9 (and to a lesser degree, Figure 52:5) best illustrates the pair of convex, diagonal lobes on either side of the septum, each behind a longer but narrower transverse lobe., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908

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Green ant-hunter spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata, online at http://www.inaturalist.org/photos/2404124","Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, Dreizehnter Band: 1-234, pl. 433-468, figs. 1078-1271.","Koch, L. 1880. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Erster Theil, Lieferung 26. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg. 1157-1212, pl. 100-104.","Kulczynski, W. 1910. Araneae et Arachnoidea Arthrogastra. In: Botanische und zoologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungreise nach den Samoainsiln, dem Neuguinea-Archipel und den Solomon inseln von Marz bis Dezember 1905 von Dr Karl Rechinger. III Teil. Denkschrift der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 85: 389-411.","Land, M. F., J. Horwood, M. L. M. Lim and D. Li. 2007. Optics of the ultraviolet reflecting scales of a jumping spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 274: 1583-1589.","Lim, M. L. M., M. F. Land and D. Li. 2007. Sex-specific UV and fluorescence signals in jumping spiders. Science 315: 481.","Lim, M. L. M. and D. Li. 2004. Courtship and male-male agonistic behaviour of Cosmophasis umbratica Simon, an ornate jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) from Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (2): 435-448.","Lim, M. L. M. and D. Li. 2006a. Behavioural evidence of UV sensitivity in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 192: 871-878.","Lim, M. L. M. and D. Li. 2006b. Extreme ultraviolet sexual dimorphism in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89: 397-406.","Lim, M. L. M. and D. Li. 2007. Effects of age and feeding history on structure-based UV ornaments of a jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 274: 569-575.","Lim, M. L. M. and D. Li. 2013. UV-green iridescence predicts male quality during jumping spider contests. PLOS One 8 (4): (e59774): 1-6.","Lim, M. L. M., J. Li and D. Li. 2008. Effect of UV-reflecting markings on female mate-choice decisions in Cosmophasis umbratica, a jumping spider from Singapore. Behavioral Ecology 19 (1): 61-66.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders. Journal of Arachnology 43: 231-292.","Maddison, W. P., S. C. Evans, C. A. Hamilton, J. E. Bond, A. R. Lemmon and E. M. Lemmon. 2017. A genome-wide phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae), using anchored hybrid enrichment. ZooKeys 695: 89-101.","Maddison, W. P. D. Li, M. Bodner, J. Zhang, X. Xu, Q. Liu and F. Liu. 2014. The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 440: 57-87.","Merian, P. 1911. Die Spinnenfauna von Celebes. Beitrage zur Tiergeographie im Indoaustralischen Archipel. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 31: 165-354.","Metzner, H. 2020. Jumping spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) of the world, online at http://www.jumping-spiders. com/, accessed on 29 DEC 2020.","Metzner, H. 2021. Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Doleschall, 1859), online at www.ju,pingspiders.com, accessed 22 JAN 2021.","nadatch13. 2020. Genus Cosmophasis, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/66876598","Ng, M. (budak). 2019a. Cosmophasis lami, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/40233332","Ng, M. (budak). 2019b. Cosmophasis lami, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/40233348","Ong, R. 2019. Cosmophasis lami, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/55620616","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1-177.","Proszynski, J. 1985. On Siler, Silerella, Cyllobelus and Natta (Araneae, Salticidae). Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 39: 69-85.","Proszynski, J. 2016. Printout of Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2015. Part II. Global Species Database of Salticidae (Araneae). Version July 1st, 2016. 1-6546.","Proszynski, J. 2020. Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world and species diversity - an atlas Vol. 1. Version November 12th, 2020, online at http://salticidae.pl/offline/salticidae_species_attachment_2_2020.pdf","Proszynski, J. and C. L. Deeleman-Reinhold. 2010. Description of some Salticidae (Araneae) from the Malay Archipelago. I. Salticidae of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with comments on related species. Arthropoda Selecta 19 (3): 153-188.","Schenkel, E. 1944. Arachnoidea aus Timor und China aus den Sammlungen des Basler Museums. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 51: 173-206.","Saaristo, M. I. 2002. New species and interesting new records of spiders from Seychelles (Arachnida, Araneaea). Phelsuma 10 (Supplement A): 1-31.","Schofield, D. 2020a. Genus Cosmophasis, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/95482200","Schofield, D. 2020b. Genus Cosmophasis, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/95482347","Schofield, D. 2020c. Genus Cosmophasis, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/95482010","Simon, E. 1885. Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. III. Arachnides recueillis en 1884 dans la presqu'ile de Malacca, par M. J. Morgan. IV. Arachnides recueillis a Collegal, district de Coimbatoore, par M. A. Theobald G. R. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 10: 436-462.","Simon, E. 1888. Etudes sur le arachnides de l'Asie meridionale faisant partie des collections de l'Indian Museum (Calcutta). II. Arachnides recueillis aux iles Andaman par M. R. D. Oldham. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, part II (Natural science) 56: 282-287.","Simon, E. 1898. Etudes arachnologiques. 28e Memoire. XLIII. Arachnides recueillis par M. le Dr Ph. FranCois en Nouvelle Caledonie, aux Nouvelles-Hebrides (Mallicolo) et a l'ile de Vanikoro. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 66: 271-276.","Simon, E. 1899. Contribution a la faune de Sumatra. Arachnides recueillis par M. J. L. Weyers, a Sumatra. (Deuxieme memoire). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 78-125.","Simon, E. 1901a. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris: 381-668.","Simon, E. 1901b. Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae (suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 45: 141-161.","Simon, E. 1903a. Etudes arachnologiques. 33e Memoire. LIII. Arachnides recueillis a Phuc-Son (Annam) par M. H. Fruhstorfer (nov-dec. 1899). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 71: 725-736.","Simon, E. 1903b. Etudes arachnologiques. 34e Memoire. LIV. Arachnides recueillis a Sumatra par M. J. Bouchard. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 72: 301-310.","Simon, E. 1909. Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 44: 335-449.","Smutny, L. 2020. Cosmophasis from Raja Ampat, Zapadni Papua, Indonesie, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/48804628","Strand, E. 1911. Araneae von den Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 34: 127-199.","Suguro, T. 2013. The first record of Cosmophasis lami (Araneae: Salticidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 62 (1): 19-22.","Taylor, L. A. and K. J. McGraw. 2007. Animal coloration: sexy spider scales. Current Biology 17 (15): R592-R593.","Thorell, T. 1877. Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Ragni di Selebes raccolti nel 1874 dal Dott. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 10: 341-637.","Thorell, T. 1878. Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. II. Ragni di Amboina raccolti Prof. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 13: 1-317.","Thorell, T. 1881. Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. III. Ragni dell'Austro Malesia e del Capo York, conservati del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 17: 1-727.","Thorell, T. 1887. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 25: 5-417.","Thorell, T. 1890. Diagnoses aranearum aliquot novarum in Indo-Malesia inventarum. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 30: 132-172.","Thorell, T. 1892. Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV, 2. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 31: 1-490.","tjeales. 2019a. North Queensland jumping spider Cosmophasis micarioides, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/ 57941105","tjeales. 2019b. North Queensland jumping spider Cosmophasis micarioides, online at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/ 57941114","Whyte, R. and G. Anderson. 2017. A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia. Csiro Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria: i-xii, 1- 452.","WSC. 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 29 DEC 2020, doi: 10.24436/2","Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115-198."]}

7. Cosmophasis squamata Kulczyński 1910 Figures 3:1-2, 31-33, Map (Figure 1) #49 Almost all that we have known of this spider is based on a single female specimen collected on Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands in the month of September, at some time prior to 1910. When Kulczyński (1910) described this specimen in Latin, he provided only a simple drawing of the epigynum, later redrawn from this specimen by Prószyński (1984). The C. squamata male and female later described by Saaristo (2002) are actually C. lami, and the male C. squamata remains unknown. We have considered the possibility that C. bandaneira sp.nov. represents the male of this species, but that relationship is only speculative at this point. Material examined. One adult female (HC-BB1 f) was collected 8 FEB 2016 from a small plant on Banda Besar. This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. A second female was photographed on Banda Neira (Figure 32) but not collected. Diagnosis. To identify this species we must rely on characters that were described by Kulczyński, as well as Proszynski's subsequent drawing of the epigynum (Figure 33:12-13; Appendix 2) Other than the epigynum, the characters given by Kulczyński are insufficient to distinguish this spider from several other species. Nonetheless the epigynum is distinctive, bearing two nearly parallel furrows running lengthwise on either side of the median (Figure 33:7-13). Description of female. Pedipalps are uniform light yellow with a few white setae; they probably fluoresce brightly in ultraviolet light as do the pedipalps of female C. umbratica (Lim, Land & Li 2007). The chelicerae are dark amber, glabrous. There is one prominent tooth on the retromargin, and two small denticles on the promargin of the fang groove. Below, the AME are surrounded by white scales, above all four anterior eyes are surrounded by orange scales. The carapace is covered with iridescent green to gold scales, with one dark band passing through the posterior eye row, and a second dark band behind this. On either side of the carapace these dark bands are wider, violet iridescent. There are two narrow white marginal bands, the upper only present near the front of the carapace. The dorsal opisthosoma is covered with dense, overlapping, large, dark round scales, interrupted by bands of overlapping large, light-yellow round scales, one wrapping around both sides from the front margin, and three oriented transversely. In addition there are several median patches of the same light-yellow scales. The spinnerets are black, with iridescent violet scales above the posterior spinnerets. There are three pairs of large white patches on the venter, the rear pair smaller and contiguous (Figure 33:2). The legs are mostly light yellow, with some white banding on the patellae and distal metatarsus, and an iridescent sheen, particularly on the dorsal surface of the coxae. The epigynum (Figure 33: 7-13) is elevated and highly sclerotized, with a longitudinal furrow on either side of the elevated septum. These furrows diverge at the rear where more dark pigment is visible, and also diverge toward the front. Overall the epigynum is triangular in shape, with a well-defined posterior margin. The male Cosmophasis squamata is not known. As noted previously, It is possible that C. bandaneira sp.nov. is the male of either this species, or a closely related species. Two somewhat different penultimate males that have been photographed by the senior author (THC) on Banda Besar, but not reared to the adult stage, are shown in Figure 34., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on pages 33-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Kulczynski, W. 1910. Araneae et Arachnoidea Arthrogastra. In: Botanische und zoologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungreise nach den Samoainsiln, dem Neuguinea-Archipel und den Solomon inseln von Marz bis Dezember 1905 von Dr Karl Rechinger. III Teil. Denkschrift der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 85: 389 - 411.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177.","Saaristo, M. I. 2002. New species and interesting new records of spiders from Seychelles (Arachnida, Araneaea). Phelsuma 10 (Supplement A): 1 - 31."]}

3. Cosmophasis bandaneira, new species Figures 7:7, 18-20, Map (Figures 1-2) #6 Type material. The holotype ♂ (HC-BN 1m) was collected by the senior author on a small potted Codiaeum variegatum plant ln Banda Neira in the Banda Islands (collected 7 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 20 FEB 2016). This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, bandaneira, noun in apposition, is a reference to the fact that this species was found on Banda Neira. Diagnosis. The 380° rotation of the embolus is unusual for the genus (see Figure 6 and Appendix 1). The pattern of scales on the carapace and dorsal opisthosoma can also distinguish this species from related species with similar scale patterns (Figure 7). This general appearance, including the crests of black setae at the front of the eye region, most closely resembles that of the well-known C. thalassina. However in that species the rotation of the embolus is only ~160°, and the pedipalps are white with a black distal cymbium. The pedipalp of C. bandaneira is yellow with a brown cymbium. In addition, the black area to the rear of the carapace, and the anterior marginal band of C. bandaneira are more rectangular in outline. Description of male (holotype HC-BN 1m; Figures 7:7, 18-20). Body length including spinnerets close to 6.5 mm. Chelicerae typical of males for this genus, about as long as distance from top of paturon to top of carapace, dark red-brown in colour. The front of each paturon is flat, covered with transverse grooves or striae. One very large, unidentate, anterolateral (prolateral, near base of fang) tooth that projects anteroventrally, two smaller, unidentate anteromedial teeth, and one large, unidentate, posteromedial (retrolateral, medial) tooth are present on each chelicera (Figure 20:7). The flexible articulation of the chelicerae is about as high as the clypeus, and the height of each is about 1/2 the diameter of an AME. Near the median, white setae extend medioventrally from the clypeus, discontinuous with a thin marginal band of white setae that extends from the front around the sides of the carapace, and, above the marginal band, a second thin band of white setae on either side of the face. Each anterior eye is surrounded by a line of bordering white scales. A low crest of thick black setae crosses the front of the eye region. Just behind this is a band of bright blue iridescent scales between the small PME, extending to the sides of the carapace on either side where it merges with a cover of goldgreen to violet iridescent scales. At the rear of the eye region is a black band between the PLE, extending down to the margin of the carapace on either side. Just behind this is a second transverse band of bright blue iridescent scales extending down to the margin on either side. Behind this is a third, median black area with a rectangular outline toward the front and sides, and at the rear of this is a median, triangular tract of bright blue iridescent scales at the rear of the carapace. The opisthosoma is mostly shiny black, with a broad anterior marginal band comprised of light yellow scales, rectangular in outline at the front, and extending more than 2/3 of the length of the opisthosoma toward the rear on either side. An interrupted dorsomedial tract of bright blue iridescent scales runs along the length of the opisthosoma behind the anterior marginal band, and separate from it. Below two large white spots, and one smaller white spot at the rear, are present on either side of the opisthosoma. The spinnerets are black, with some iridescent green-gold to violet scales on the dorsal surface of each posterior lateral spinneret. The legs are light to dark brown and banded, mostly dorsally, with white scales. The femora tend to have violet iridescence, and the dorsal surfaces of each coxa and patella have bright, light-blue iridescence. The proximal segments of each pedipalp are light yellow, the proximal cymbium brown, and the distal cymbium dark brown. The dorsal surface of the femur of each pedipalp has an iridescent blue sheen. The tibia of each pedipalp has three marginal lobes, one rounded and ventral, one more acute and dorsal, and one retrolateral (lateral) between these, bearing the small, black RTA. Each RTA is curved ventrally at the end (Figure 20:13). The tegulum is circular from a ventral perspective, and the distal cymbium is long, almost as long as the tegulum, typical for this genus. However the ~380° rotation of the embolus is unusual (see Figure 6 and Appendix 1). The detailed structure of the pedipalp is remarkably similar to that of C. ambonensis sp.nov., despite the fact that these spiders are quite different in general appearance. The female is unknown. Since this male resembles males of the more sexually dimorphic Cosmophasis species (e.g., C. thalassina, C. umbratica, C. valerieae), we would expect the females to be quite different in appearance. It is also possible that this represents the male of a known species, such as the C. squamata that have been found in the Banda Islands, but that remains to be determined., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on pages 19-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908

1. Cosmophasis ambonensis, new species Figures 7:1, 8-11, Map (Figures 1-2) #3 Type material. The holotype ♂ (HC-AM 1m) was collected as a penultimate by the senior author on a outdoor gravel floor near food stands in Ambon (collected 8 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 20 FEB 2016). This single specimen, lacking the left pedipalp as an adult, will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, ambonensis, is a reference to the fact that this species is at present only known from Ambon. Diagnosis. The 390° rotation of the embolus is unusual (see Appendix 1). The pattern of scales on the carapace and dorsal opisthosoma also distinguishes this species from related species with similar scale patterns, many not described (Figure 7). Description of male (holotype HC-AM 1m; Figures 7:1, 8-11). Body length including spinnerets close to 5.5 mm. Chelicerae typical of males for this genus, about as long as distance from top of paturon to top of carapace, honey or yellow-brown in colour. The front of each paturon is flat, covered with transverse grooves or striae. One very large, unidentate, anterolateral (prolateral, near base of fang) tooth that projects anteroventrally, two small, unidentate anteromedial teeth, and one large, unidentate, posteromedial (retrolateral, medial) tooth are present on each chelicera (Figure 10:2). The flexible articulation of the chelicerae is about as high as the clypeus, and the height of each is about 1/2 the diameter of an AME. Near the median, white setae extend ventrally from the clypeus, discontinuous with a thin marginal band of white setae that extends from the front around the sides of the carapace, and, above the marginal band, a second thin band of white setae on either side of the face. The anterior eye row is surrounded by white scales below, by bright red-orange scales of the anterior eye region above. Toward the front the sides of the carapace are covered with golden-iridescent scales. The dorsal carapace is covered with three tracts of bright red-orange scales, separated by a narrower, transverse band of light-blue iridescent scales between the PME that is interrupted at the median, about half-way between the ALE and PLE, a somewhat wider transverse band of light-blue iridescent scales just behind the PLE, extending to the rear to meet the margin at either side, and a somewhat triangular, median tract of light-blue to gold iridescent scales at the rear of the carapace (Figure 9:2). Similarly, mostly transverse tracts of light-blue iridescent scales are separated by three wide bands of bright redorange scales on the dorsal opisthosoma, the first, at the front, interrupted by a median tract of light-blue iridescent scales (Figure 9:3). To the front and rear of the dorsal opisthosoma are bands of white to iridescent light-blue setae. The spinnerets are grey-black, with iridescent violet scales on the upper surface of each posterior spinneret. In life the legs are mostly honey or yellow-brown, with some light-blue iridescence above each coxa and femur. In life the proximal segments of each pedipalp, to include the tibia, are dull yellow, the cybium light yellow-brown, with light-blue iridescence above the distal femur and patella (Figure 9:4). Each tibia has three marginal lobes, one rounded and ventral, one more acute and dorsal, and one retrolateral (lateral) between these, bearing the small, black RTA. Each RTA is hooked at the end (Figure 10:10). The round tegulum is relatively wide, and the distal cymbium extended but relatively short, for spiders of this genus. The 390° rotation of the embolus (see Figure 6 and Appendix 1) is unusual for this genus. When immature (Figure 11), this male was very similar to the adult in colouration. Since immature males usually have a colour pattern similar to that of females, we can expect to find females of the same appearance at some time. This differs from the high degree of sexual dimorphism that is seen in other Cosmophasis species. Presently the female of this species in not known., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on pages 6-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Smutny, L. 2020. Cosmophasis from Raja Ampat, Zapadni Papua, Indonesie, online at https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 48804628"]}

8. Cosmophasis thalassina (C. L. Koch 1846) Figures 35-40, Map (Figure 1) #52 Cosmophasis thalassina, the type species for Cosmophasis, is well-known across the tropical north of Australia and neighboring Papua (Figure 1; Żabka & Waldock 2012; Whyte & Anderson 2017), but there is some question regarding its distribution to the north and west, in Sunda. The females appear to be quite variable in colouration. Little is known of the biology of this species, other than a single observation of what appears to represent a female of this species feeding on butterfly eggs in Queensland (Donovan & Hill 2017). C. L. Koch (1846) described this species from a male collected on Bantan Island, just southeast of Singapore (Appendix 4). Diagnosis. No type specimens have been found, so our ability to identify this species relies primarily on the original description by C. L. Koch (1846; see Figure 4:1 and Appendix 4), and its subsequent redescription by Żabka & Waldock (2012). In Australia, males can be readily separated from C. baehrae by their lack of a lateral black stripe below each ALE. Behind a white face that extends partly to the sides of the carapace, each male has a short but thick black crest above the anterior eye row, a second black band extending between the PLE, and a third black band crossing the rear of the carapace. Otherwise the carapace is covered with mostly iridescent green, but perhaps iridescent blue, scales, with the sides of the carapace covered with multicoloured gold to violet scales. The opisthosoma is generally black, with a white marginal band extending around the sides from the front, and a tract of bright iridescent scales at the median. On the venter are the three pairs of large white spots seen in other Cosmophasis species. The pedipalps are white with black tips, a feature shared with male C. baehrae and perhaps other species. Genitalia are well-described by Żabka & Waldock (2012). The male pedipalp is not unusual. The origin of the embolus is near the 160° position, depending somewhat on how it is photographed or drawn, and the distal cymbium is quite short. Although females vary greatly in colouration, their genitalia may suffice for their identification. According to Żabka & Waldock (2012), C. micans (L. Koch 1880) from "Cape York " is a good species, but they could find no specimens of this Australian species and none may exist, perhaps not even in nature. The female of this species is not known. There is little in the description of the male, and the drawings that accompany this description (Appendix 3), to suggest that this is anything other than a male C. thalassina. However, according to L. Koch, the AME of this male are separated from the lower edge of the carapace (the bottom of the clypeus) by almost twice their length. This is remarkable, something not seen in other Cosmophasis. But Koch's drawing fails to show the flexible articulation of the chelicerae between the clypeus and the chelicerae, and this may have been misinterpreted by the artist. Because of this articulation, the AME of C. thalassina, at least in a preserved specimen, can be separated from the chelicerae by something close to two times their diameter. In a revision of the genus C. micans might be declared a nomen dubium. Although C. thalassina is widely-distributed and both the male and female have been described, it can still be difficult to identify this spider in the field. In large part this is due to its similarity with C. umbratica, or perhaps to some other species with a similar appearance that have yet to be described from life. The living males illustrated by Żabka & Waldock (2012, fig. 60A-B) look like C. baehrae. The examples that we show here (Figures 35-40) agree with the original description of C. thalassina, as well as the excellent photographs of that species recently published by Whyte & Anderson (2017)., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, Dreizehnter Band: 1 - 234, pl. 433 - 468, figs. 1078 - 1271.","Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198.","Koch, L. 1880. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Erster Theil, Lieferung 26. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg. 1157 - 1212, pl. 100 - 104."]}

12. Cosmophasis waeri, new species Figures 51-52, Map (Figures 1-2) #60 Type material. The holotype ♀ (HC-BB5 f) was collected by the senior author on a small potted Codiaeum variegatum plant at Waer, on the eastern side of Banda Besar (Banda Island), in the Banda Islands (collected 8 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 18 FEB 2016). This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, waeri is a reference to the fact that this species was found at Waer on Banda Besar. Diagnosis. The female C. waeri most closely resembles C. squamata, also found on Banda Besar. However the epigynum is completely convex, lacking the two parallel furrows characteristic of C. squamata. In addition, a small orange spot is present at the center of each darker area on the dorsal opisthosoma of C. waeri. Below each light-yellow or off-white marginal band on either side of the opisthosoma, there is only a narrow and irregular dark brown line in the female C. waeri. This dark line is much wider in C. squamata. The carapace of our specimen appears to be rubbed in the eye region, but there is no sign of the pair of dark transverse bands that cross the carapace of C. squamata. The male is not known. Description of female (Figures 51-52). Length about 5 mm (Figure 52:1-2). Chelicerae typical for genus, dark amber in colour, mostly glabrous. A single large, unidentate, triangular tooth is present, toward the median, on both the anterior and posterior margins of each fang groove (Figure 52: 3-4). White scales surround the anterior eyes below, orange scales above. Scale cover of eye region not known. Narrow white band present around the margin of the carapace, a shorter narrow band just above this near the front. Carapace dark brown, with dense cover of iridescent green-gold scales around the sides and to the rear of the PLE. Dorsal opisthosoma covered with dense array of dark brown, rounded, overlapping scales, with a wide marginal band of light-yellow or off-white, rounded, overlapping scales extending from the front around most of the length of each side. Below this on either side a narrow, interrupted, brown line is present. Three transverse bands of these scales cross the dorsal opisthosoma, where a less regular and interrupted median tract of the same scales is also present. A small orange spot is present at the center of each dark-brown area. At the rear of the dorsal opisthosoma, and on the dorsal surfaces of the posterior lateral spinnerets, iridescent violet scales are present. Below, the opisthosoma is light yellow-brown, with two pairs of large white spots on either side, and a dark then light transverse band at the rear (Figure 52:2). The spinnerets are grey and unremarkable. Legs as shown in Figure 50, with some iridescence and indistinct longitudinal stripes. The epigynum (Figure 52:5-9) is convex and triangular, similar in outline to that of C. squamata but otherwise distinctive. Figure 52:9 (and to a lesser degree, Figure 52:5) best illustrates the pair of convex, diagonal lobes on either side of the septum, each behind a longer but narrower transverse lobe.

Otto, Jürgen C., Hill, David E. (2020): Maratus tiddalik, a new peacock spider in the flavus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 223 (1): 1-26, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171062, {"references":["Dunn, R. A. 1947. A new salticid spider from Victoria. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 15: 82-85.","Karsch, F. 1878. Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22-32.","Keating, C. and M. Trudgen. 1986. A flora and vegetation survey of the coastal strip from Forrest Beach - Cape Naturaliste - Woodlands. Department of Conservation and Environment, Western Australia. pp. i-ii, 1-171, with appendix (Flora of the Busselton - Cape Naturaliste coastal region).","Keighery, G. and M. N. Lyons. 2011. Vascular flora of Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park. Conservation Science Western Australia 8 (1): 31-60.","Merritt, D. J., G. Wardell-Johnson and K. Dixon. 2014. Dispersal potential of Scaevola crassifolia (Goodenaceae) is influenced by intraspecific variation in fruit morphology along a latitudinal gradient. Australian Journal of Botany 62: 56-64.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141.1: 1-101.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018. Two new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 160.1: 1-42.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019a. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3. Peckhamia 148.3: 1-28.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019b. Maratus banyowla, a new peacock spider in the personatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 195.1: 1-23.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1874. On some new genera and species of Araneidea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 14: 169-183.","Schubert, J. 2019. Three new peacock spiders from Southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4564 (1): 81-100.","Schubert, J. 2020. Seven new species of Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4758 (1): 1-44.","Waldock, J. M. 2013. A review of the peacock spiders of the Maratus mungaich species-group (Araneae: Salticidae), with descriptions of four new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum 28: 66-81.","Waldock, J. M. 2014. Two new species of peacock spider of the Maratus mungaich species-group (Araneae: Salticidae) from south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 29: 149-158.","Wikipedia. 2020. Tiddalik. Online at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiddalik, accessed 10 OCT 2020.","WWF. 2020. Southwestern coast of Australia. Online at https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1205, accessed 11 OCT 2020."]}

Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano, Hill, David E. (2020): Description of a new jumping spider, Artabrus aurantipilosus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina), from Banda Neira, Indonesia. Peckhamia 222 (1): 1-19, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171203, {"references":["Badan Geologii. 2104. G. Banda Api. Bagikan artikel. Online at https://vsi.esdm.go.id/index.php/gunungapi/data-dasargunungapi/507-qetna-van-indonesiaq-menurut-drrdm-verbeek-1900","Bay, N. 2012. Photographs of female Artabrus erythrocephalus posted on FLICKR, online at https://www.flickr.com/photos/ nickadel/8203249972, also /8203250068","Boediman, J. O. 2019. Photograph of female Artabrus erythrocephalus posted on FLICKR, online at https://www.flickr. com/photos/olajuanboediman/32234908867, also /46453269144 and /46262517035","Chisholm, R. A., T. Fung, D. Chimalakonda and J. P. O'Dwyer. 2016. Maintenance of biodiversity on islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 283 (20160102): 1-8.","Costanzi, J.-M. and O. Steifetten. 2019. Island biogeography theory explains the genetic diversity of a fragmented rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) population. Ecology and Evolution 9 (7): 3837-3849.","Dzulhelmi MN, Wong CX, Goh TG, Juhaida H and Faszly R. 2014. Spider fauna (Arachnida, Araneae) from Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Entromology and Zoology Studies 2 (5): 335-344.","Ellstrand, N. C. and D. R. Elam. 1993. Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24: 217-242.","Helmus, M. R., D. L. Mahler and J. B. Losos. 2014. Island biogeography of the Anthropocene. Nature 513: 543-546.","Hidayat, A., M. A. Marfai and D. S. Hadmoko. 2020. Eruption on Indonesia's volcanic islands: a review of potential hazards, fatalities, and management. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (012061): 1-11.","Hill, D. E. 2010. Sunda to Sahul: Trans-Wallacean distribution of recent salticid genera (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 80.1: 1-60.","Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, Dreizehnter Band: 1-234, pl. 433-468, figs. 1078-1271.","Loth, V. C. 1995. Pioneers and perkeniers: the Banda Islands in the 17th century. Cakalele 6: 13-35.","MacArthur, R. and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press: 1-202.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). The Journal of Arachnology 43: 231-292.","Murphy, F. and J. Murphy. 2000. An introduction to the spiders of South East Asia. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.","Nasir, D. M., S. Su, Z. Mohamed and N. C. Yusoff. 2014. New distributional records of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46 (6): 1573-1574.","Ng, Y. 2018. Photograph of adult male Artabrus erythrocephalus posted on FLICKR, online at https://www.flickr.com/photos/ yongi_ng/44233835692","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1-177.","Proszynski, J. 1987. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae 2. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly RolniczoPedagogicznej, Siedlcach: 1-172.","Proszynski, J. 2009. Redescriptions of 16 species of Oriental Salticidae (Araneae) described by F. Karsch, E. Keyserling and C.L. Koch, with remarks on some related species. Arthropoda Selecta 18: 153-168.","Proszynski, J. and C. L. Deeleman-Reinhold. 2010. Description of some Salticidae (Araneae) from the Malay Archipelago. I. Salticidae of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with comments on related species. Arthropoda Selecta 19 (3): 153-188.","Rutgrink, A. L. J., M. Visser and P. C. van Welzen. 2018. Differences between the floras of the North and South Moluccas (Indonesia). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 56 (6): 652-662.","Simon, E. 1902. Etudes arachnologiques. 32e Memoire. LI. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 71: 389-421.","Simon, E. 1903. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second, Roret, Paris: 669-1080.","Suhan, S. 2004. Salticid diversity in fragmented and unfragmented llowland forests, Sukau Kinabatangan and Danum Valley, BSc. Dissertation, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah.","Xiong, K., J. P. McEntee, D. J. Porfirio and J. Masel. 2017. Drift barriers to quality control when genes are expressed at different levels. Genetics 205 (1): 397-407.","Zabka, M. and W. Nentwig. 2002. The Krakatau Islands (Indonesia) as a model-area for zoogeographical study, a Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) perspective. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 52 (3): 465-474.","Zhang, J. X., D. X. Song and D. Li. 2003. Six new and one newly recorded species of Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Singapore and Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51: 187-195."]}

Artabrus erythrocephalus (C. L. Koch 1846) Figures 2-7 Material examined. One adult ♂ (HC-Ba1) was collected by the senior author (THC) on a Ficus tree in Bali, 18 FEB 2016. This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Artabrus erythrocepthalus are relatively large and robust salticids, close to 1 cm in body length. Unfortunately published descriptions of this species (C. L. Koch 1846; Simon 1903; Prószyński 1984, 1987, 2009; Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold 2010) are based only on a handful of specimens in alcohol that have lost the distinctive, bright green colour of the living animals. The original description of a ♂ by C. L. Koch (1846) is given here in Appendix 1. With no type specimen available, Prószyński (2009) designated a ♂ lectotype and a ♀ paralectotype for this species. Males have a black eye-region surrounded by red or orange scales, black faces, and large, shiny black chelicerae. The face is covered with scattered white scales. Legs are usually bright, translucent green except for the darker brown distal segments of legs I and II. Some males have yellow-green legs (Figure 4:7). Legs I bear ventral fringes comprised of black or off-white setae, primarily under the patella, tibia and metatarsus. The dorsal opisthosoma carries a pattern of orange and off-white scales. Although structure of the pedipalp has been used as an important character, this is not remarkable (Figure 2). In life (Figures 3-4), adult males are easy to identify. Penultimate males closely resemble females and vary in general colour from light brown (Figure 5) to green as they develop, but all adults appear to be yellowgreen to green, and most are bright green. Females, like immatures, are translucent and mostly green when resting on a green leaf, or brown (Figures 6-7). Like males, they have a pattern of orange and off-white scales on the dorsal opisthosoma, laterally striated (Figure 7:5). The eye region carries a distinctive pattern of white scales on a dark brown background, surrounded by orange scales., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2020, Description of a new jumping spider, Artabrus aurantipilosus sp. nov. (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina), from Banda Neira, Indonesia, pp. 1-19 in Peckhamia 222 (1) on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171203, {"references":["Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, Dreizehnter Band: 1 - 234, pl. 433 - 468, figs. 1078 - 1271.","Simon, E. 1903. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second, Roret, Paris: 669 - 1080.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177.","Proszynski, J. 1987. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae 2. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly RolniczoPedagogicznej, Siedlcach: 1 - 172.","Proszynski, J. 2009. Redescriptions of 16 species of Oriental Salticidae (Araneae) described by F. Karsch, E. Keyserling and C. L. Koch, with remarks on some related species. Arthropoda Selecta 18: 153 - 168.","Proszynski, J. and C. L. Deeleman-Reinhold. 2010. Description of some Salticidae (Araneae) from the Malay Archipelago. I. Salticidae of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with comments on related species. Arthropoda Selecta 19 (3): 153 - 188."]}

6. Phintella vittata (C. L. Koch, 1846) (Figures 14-15) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Kasara sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: forest; elevation: 153 m asl; latitude: 27.5479N; longitude: 84.3393E; sampling protocol: vegetation beating; sex: 1 male. Global distribution. Borneo, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal (new record), Philippines and Vietnam. Identification. Based on transverse silver-black, parallel bands across the cephalothorax and abdomen. Cephalothorax raised upwards. Abdomen broad in front and tapered distally. Habitat notes. This specimen was found on a leaf of the Sal tree (Shorea robusta) at a height less than 3 meters above the ground., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

1. Asemonea tenuipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) (Figures 2-3) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Kasara sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: forest; elevation: 178 m asl; latitude: 27.5382N; longitude: 84.3385E; sampling protocol: vegetation beating; sex: 1 female. Global distribution. Andaman Islands, India, Myanmar, Nepal (new record), Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Identification. Identification of the female A. tenuipes was based on the unique appearance of pale yellow in colouration of the entire body with greenish blue or brown spots on the dorsum of abdomen (after Tay & Li 2010). Habitat notes. This specimen was found on the leaf of a Sal tree (Shorea robusta)., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

9. Telamonia festiva Thorell, 1887 (Figures 22-24) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Kasara sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: bushes; elevation: 160 m asl; latitude: 27.5569N; longitude: 84.3508E; sampling protocol: sweep netting; sex: 1 female. Global distribution. China, India, Indonesia, Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal (new record), Singapore, Sulawesi and Vietnam. Identification. Based on reddish brown cephalothorax; slender and elongate abdomen with two longitudinal mid dorsal reddish brown bands enclosing a series of white chevrons along the midline. Habitat notes. This specimen was found on the leaf of major invasive species found in CNP, Mikania micrantha, near lami Tal., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

2. Chrysilla volupe (Karsch, 1879) (Figures 4-6) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Eastern sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: grassland (near water bodies); elevation: 169 m asl; latitude: 27.5633N; longitude: 84.4929E; sampling protocol: aerial hand collection; sex: 1 female and 1 male. Global distribution. Bhutan, India, Nepal (new record) and Sri Lanka. Identification. Identification was based on the description of the male and female C. volupe by Caleb et al. (2018). Male: reddish orange carapace with pair of broad bluish iridescent transverse stripes, anterior eyes surrounded with reddish-orange orbital setae in the upper half and white orbital setae in the lower half; clypeus covered by bluish iridescent scales which diverge laterally, one branching below the lateral eyes almost reaching the posterior patch, the other runs along outer edge of the carapace. Female: greyish carapace with white rim; clypeus covered with reddish orange; anterior eyes with grey eyebrows. Habitat notes. The male and female C. volupe were collected from grassland of Imperata cylindrica near the bank of Rapti River., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

4. Hyllus semicupreus (Simon, 1885) (Figures 9-11) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Eastern sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: forest; elevation: 220 m asl; latitude: 27.5295N; longitude: 84.5288E; sampling protocol: aerial hand collection; sex: 1 female. Global distribution. India, Nepal (new record) and Sri Lanka. Identification. Based on blackish hairs raised vertically upward near posterior medial eyes in cephalothorax. Brownish abdomen with two blackish semi curved spots present in the mid-dorsum. Habitat notes. This specimen was found on the branch of Sal tree (Shorea robusta)., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

7. Siler cupreus Simon, 1889 (Figures 16-18) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Eastern sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: bushes; elevation: 161 m asl; latitude: 27.5638N; longitude: 84.4917E; sampling protocol: aerial hand collection; sex: 1 female. Global distribution. China, Japan, Nepal (new record), North Korea, South Korea and Taiwan. Identification. Female light greyish carapace with light blue outline of cephalothorax and grey abdomen with black stripe at midline. Habitat notes. This specimen was found on a Mikania micrantha bush., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

8. Telamonia dimidiata (Simon, 1899) (Figures 19-21) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Eastern sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: forest; elevation: 167 m asl; latitude: 27.5673N; longitude: 84.4854E; sampling protocol: aerial hand collection; sex: 1 female. Global distribution. Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Nepal (new record), Pakistan, Singapore and Sumatra. Identification. Based on creamy white to light brown cephalothorax; abdomen elongate, pointed and dorsum with two light to dark brown, dorsal, longitudinal stripes. Habitat notes. This specimen was found on the leaf of a Sal tree (Shorea robusta)., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256

5. Icius alboterminus (Caleb, 2014) (Figures 12-13) Material examined. Continent: Asia; country: Nepal; province: Bagmati; district: Chitwan; locality: Eastern sector, Chitwan National Park; habitat: forest; elevation: 161 m asl; latitude: 27.5745N; longitude: 84.4688E; sampling protocol: aerial hand collection; sex: 1 male. Global distribution. India and Nepal (new record). Identification. Based on the description of male by Caleb (2014). Blackish carapace with white stripe of hairs run along the outline of cephalothorax, anterior part of the abdomen covered by pale brownish scales, lower half covered by darker reddish black hairs, two pairs of white spots on the dorsum. Habitat notes. This specimen was found on the bark of Simal tree (Bombax cieba) near the bank of the Rapti river., Published as part of Magar, Kiran Thapa, Shrestha, Bimal Raj, Gurung, Tek Bahadur, K. C., Rabin Bahadur, Babu, Lamichhane, Ram, Hill, David E. & Thapa, Arjun, 2020, New records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Nepal, pp. 1-11 in Peckhamia 220 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171256, {"references":["Caleb, J. T. D. 2014. A new species of Phintella Strand (Araneae: Salticidae) from India. Munis Entomology and zoology 9 (2): 605 - 608."]}

Mariante, Rafael M., Hill, David E. (2020): First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil. Peckhamia 205 (1): 1-21, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875200, {"references":["Ali, P. A., W. P. Maddison, M. Zahid and A. Butt. 2018. New chrysilline and aelurilline jumping spiders from Pakistan (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 783: 1-15.","Bohdanowicz, A. and J. Proszynski. 1987. Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Araneae). IV. Salticidae of Japan. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 41: 43-151.","Chatterjee, S., J. T. D. Caleb, K. Tyagi, S. Kundu and V. Kumar, V. 2017. First report of Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae) from India. Halteres 8: 109-111.","Dufour, L. 1831. Descriptions et figures de quelques Arachnides nouvelles ou mal connues et procede pour conserver a sec ces Invertebres dans les collections. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris 22: 355-371.","Edwards, G. B. 2015. Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036: 1-87.","Edwards, G. B. 2017. Jumping Spiders, Gray Wall Jumper, and Pantropical Jumper Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour) and Plexippus paykulli (Audouin) (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae). University of Florida, IFAS Extension: 1-3. Online at: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN31500.pdf , accessed 31 MAR 2020.","Hahn, C. W. 1829. Monographie der Spinnen. Lechner, Nurnberg, Heft 5: 1-2, 4 pl.","Houser, J. D., H. Ginsberg and E. M. Jakob. 2014. Competition between introduced and native spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Biological Invasions 16: 2479-2488.","Huston, D. C. 2017. Train robbery: Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) (Araneae: Salticidae) steals larvae of Technomyrmex sophiae Forel, 1902 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in transit. Australian Entomologist 44 (2): 85-88.","iNaturalist. 2020. Menemerus fulvus. Online at https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/360558-Menemerus-fulvus, accessed 31 MAR 2020.","Jakob, E. M., A. H. Porter, H. Ginsberg, J. V. Bednarski and J. Houser. 2011. A 4-year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89 (8): 668-667.","Kobelt, M. and W. Nentwig. 2008. Alien spider introductions to Europe supported by global trade. Diversity and Distributions 14: 273-280.","Koch, L. 1878. Japanesische Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 27: 735-798.","Lessa, E. P., J. A. Cook, G. D'Elia and J. C. Opazo. 2014. Rodent diversity on South America: transitioning into the genomics era. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2 (39): 1-7.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 43: 231-292.","Mariante, R. M. and D. E. Hill. 2019. First report of the African jumping spider Thyene coccineovittata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Brazil. Peckhamia 173.2: 1-23.","Seyfulina, R. R., G. N. Azarkina and V. M. Kartsev. 2020. A contribution to the knowledge of jumping spiders from Thailand (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 87-96.","Simon, E. 1868. Monographie des especes europeennes de la famille des attides (Attidae Sundewall. - Saltigradae Latreille). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (4) 8: 11-72, 529-726.","Taucare-Rios, A. and G. B. Edwards. 2012. First records of the jumping spider Menemerus semilimbatus (Araneae: Salticidae) in Chile. Peckhamia 102.1: 1-3.","Wesolowska, W. 1999. A revision of the spider genus Menemerus in Africa (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 10 (2): 251-353.","Wesolowska, W. and M. Freudenschuss. 2012. A new species of Menemerus from Pakistan (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 23: 449-453.","WSC. 2020. Menemerus. World Spider Catalog. Online at https://wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/2782, accessed 31 MAR 2020."]}

The adult male Menemerus nigli (Figures 3-9, 18) is similar to the female in color, but has a conspicuous fringe of white setae directed ventromedially on the medial side of each paturon. This fringe is also found on adult male M. bivittatus, also found in Brazil (Figure 22). Unlike the male M. bivittatus, the male M. nigli does not have a more-or-less linear tract of scales on the midline of the opisthosoma, but like the female has a more variegated pattern of scales on the dorsal opisthosoma that usually includes chevons toward the rear. The white clypeal band of the male M. bivittatus is also much wider than that of M. nigli. The dorsal cymbium of the pedipalp of M. nigli is covered with long off-white setae. In M. bivittatus the dorsal cymbium is dark brown. The pedipalp of the adult male Menemerus nigli has a relatively long cymbium and a large, curved embolus to the medial side of a prominent, sclerotized ventromedial lobe of the tegulum situated over the spermaphore loop (Figure 9). Unlike some Menemerus, the embolus has a single (not bifurcated) apex. Many of the photographs of M. fulvus (L. Koch 1878) that have been posted on the internet (e.g., iNaturalist 2020), all from south and southeast Asia, may actually represent M. nigli. Unfortunately more recent drawings of the pedipalp of that species (e.g., Bohdanowitz & Pr��szyński 1987) bear little resemblance to the drawing presented with the original description (L. Koch 1878). As noted by Wesołowska in her revision of the African Menemerus (1999), "the majority of species (except few widely distributed) are very poorly known, the descriptions in older publications are inadequate and not supplemented with figures. Numerous specimens in museum collections are misidentified or unidentified." Presently a revision of Menemerus that includes the Asiatic species is needed. alcohol. Penultimate males (Figure 10) were similar to adult females but darker in appearance with fewer lightcolored setae, but identifiable as males by the presence of club-shaped cymbium at the end of each pedipalp. They lacked the white setae on the medial side of each paturon as found in the adult male. Adult female Menemerus nigli (Figures 11-18) were similar to penultimate in coloration, with shiny black chelicerae and lacking the white setae found on the medial side of each paturon of the adult male. Like males they have a band of white to off-white scales across the clypeus. In comparison, adult female M. bivittatus (Figure 23) have a solid cover of orange setae around the front eyes and covering the clypeus. Compared to M. bivittatus, adult female M. nigli have a more variegated (light or dark brown) rather than light brown array of dark setae on the dorsal opisthosoma, and lack dark lateral bands around the opisthosoma. The pedipalps of M. bivittatus females are also lighter in color rather than brown, with a more complete cover of white to off-white setae. The epigynum of M. nigli, with wide atria open toward the front and a pair of posterior spermathecae (Figure 17), was first described by Ali et al. (2018). Our study sites (1.1 and 1.2, located 260 meters apart from each other) where Menemerus nigli was found in Rio de Janeiro are shown in Figures 19-20. Another observer found Menemerus nigli at a third site (site 2), 2.4 km apart from our sites (Figures 2, 21). Previously, in Asia, this species was found either on or under stones, or on an indoor wall (Wesołowska & Freudenschuss 2012; Chatterjee et al. 2017; Seyfulina et al. 2020). In Rio de Janeiro it was found only in a synanthropic context, living on the same kind of painted concrete or stucco exterior walls where the cosmopolitan M . bivittatus (Figures 20, 22-23) is often found. Previously, we reported the occurrence of the African salticid Thyene coccineovittata in a synanthropic context, but living on garden plants in Rio de Janeiro and nearby areas (Mariante & Hill 2019). These observations support the view that species that can adapt to anthropogenic habitats may be more successful in finding a niche when introduced to a remote place. Intercontinental spider introductions are now taking place at high rate as a result of international trade (Kobelt & Nentwig 2008). Introduced spiders are also known to displace native species (Jakob et al. 2011; Houser et al. 2014). Each major biogeographical province has its own distinct fauna of salticid groups, and some of these may be the result of single-species introductions many millions of years ago. For example, the subtribe Freyina is an endemic Neotropical salticid clade (Edwards 2015; Maddison 2015) that may have evolved from a single species of Afrotropical origin, just as the caviomorph rodents of South America represent a monophyletic group that evolved from a single introduction from Africa (Lessa et al. 2014). A single introduction could greatly alter the neotropical fauna of the future., Published as part of Mariante, Rafael M. & Hill, David E., 2020, First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Peckhamia 205 (1) on pages 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3875200, {"references":["Koch, L. 1878. Japanesische Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 27: 735 - 798.","Ali, P. A., W. P. Maddison, M. Zahid and A. Butt. 2018. New chrysilline and aelurilline jumping spiders from Pakistan (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 783: 1 - 15.","Wesolowska, W. and M. Freudenschuss. 2012. A new species of Menemerus from Pakistan (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 23: 449 - 453.","Chatterjee, S., J. T. D. Caleb, K. Tyagi, S. Kundu and V. Kumar, V. 2017. First report of Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae) from India. Halteres 8: 109 - 111.","Seyfulina, R. R., G. N. Azarkina and V. M. Kartsev. 2020. A contribution to the knowledge of jumping spiders from Thailand (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 87 - 96.","Mariante, R. M. and D. E. Hill. 2019. First report of the African jumping spider Thyene coccineovittata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Brazil. Peckhamia 173.2: 1 - 23.","Kobelt, M. and W. Nentwig. 2008. Alien spider introductions to Europe supported by global trade. Diversity and Distributions 14: 273 - 280.","Jakob, E. M., A. H. Porter, H. Ginsberg, J. V. Bednarski and J. Houser. 2011. A 4 - year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89 (8): 668 - 667.","Houser, J. D., H. Ginsberg and E. M. Jakob. 2014. Competition between introduced and native spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Biological Invasions 16: 2479 - 2488.","Edwards, G. B. 2015. Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036: 1 - 87.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 43: 231 - 292.","Lessa, E. P., J. A. Cook, G. D'Elia and J. C. Opazo. 2014. Rodent diversity on South America: transitioning into the genomics era. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2 (39): 1 - 7."]}

Maratus banyowla, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #4), six paratype males (♂ #1-3, 5-7), and four paratype females (♀ #1-4) were collected at Ellis Brook Valley, Banyowla Regional Park, Rushton Road, Martin, Perth, Western Australia (~ S 32.062858��, E 116.033074��, 6 or 11 SEP 2019, coll. David Knowles and Kerry Stuart). All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. Etymology. The species group name (banyowla, noun in apposition, pronounced "ban-yow-la") is a reference to the discovery of this species in Banyowla Regional Park. Before 2008 this was known as Kelmscott-Martin Regional Park. Banyowla was a Nyoongar (Aboriginal) elder at the time of European settlement. Diagnosis. Maratus banyowla are closely related to M. personatus Otto & Hill 2015, found to the southeast at Cape Riche. The detailed structures of the male pedipalps (tegulum, embolus, and RTA) of M. banyowla and M. personatus are virtually the same, very much like those of Maratus in the linnaei, mungaich and vespa groups from Western Australia. Males of both species have a blue "mask" (lighter blue in M. banyowla) but the males of M. banyowla can readily be identified by the presence of bright yellow setae on legs I-II, femora of legs III, and pedipalps, and a distinctive zig-zag scale pattern across the carapace (Figure 2). Some female M. banyowla also exhibit a less distinct zig-zag pattern across the carapace. We place both species in a new clade, the personatus group. Description of male (Figures 2:1-3, 3-5). Males (n=7) ranged from 3.8 to 4.1 mm in length. The chelicerae are short, black and glabrous. Long white setae extend anteromedially from the clypeus over the proximal part of each paturon. Light blue scales surround the anterior eyes and extend to the rear over the eye region, separated from dark cuticle at the rear by a distinctive zig-zag line. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the ALE. A middorsal thoracic tract of white setae is present. There is a tract of white setae below the lateral eyes, extending to the rear along the top of the carapace. A distinct band of white marginal setae is also present on either side of the carapace. Otherwise the sides of the carapace, and the dorsal carapace behind the eye region, are dark brown to black and glabrous. The opisthosoma has a dorsal plate but no lateral flaps. The dorsal plate of the opisthosoma is dark brown and shiny, with white setae around the lateral margins, and a wide but short anterodorsal tract of white setae. The ventral opisthosoma, coxae, sternum, labium and endites are brown and mostly glabrous. Legs I and II are shorter, legs III and IV longer, and legs III by far the longest. Legs I and II, and the anterior femora of legs IV, are covered with bright yellow setae. The patellae and tibiae of legs III bear black stripes on a background of white setae. The metatarsi of legs III are black, and the tarsi of legs III are white. Legs IV are ringed with alternating bands of black cuticle and white setae. The patella, tibia and proximal cymbium of each pedipalp are covered dorsally with bright yellow setae. Each distal cymbium is covered with long white setae. The distally serrated RTA, tegulum and apophysis of each pedipalp are typical of those seen in many western Maratus species (Figure 5). The heavier outer apex of the apophysis bears a single serration, and below this is a smaller, sharply pointed inner apophysis. Figure 4 (continued on next page). Male types for Maratus banyowla in ethanol. Description of female (Figures 6-8). Females (n=4) ranged from 5.6 to 6.1 mm in length. The chelicerae are light brown and glabrous. Long off-white setae cover the clypeus. The anterior part of the eye region is covered with a tract of light brown to red-brown setae. At the rear this tract is separated from the dark brown cuticle of the dorsal carapace by a jagged transverse line, less distinct than that of the male. The PME are equidistant from the ALE and PLE. Light brown to red-brown setae also comprise a middorsal thoracic tract, and partly cover the sides of the carapace. The carapace lacks a distinct marginal band of scales. The cuticle of the dorsal opisthosoma is dark brown with a variable cover of light brown setae, bounded on either side by a broad marginal band of off-white to light brown setae. A very small, triangular tuft of off-white anal setae is present above the spinnerets. Below the opisthosoma is off-white to light brown with a uniform cover of short off-white setae; several irregular lines of small brown spots may be present. From below the coxae, sternum, labium and endites are mostly glabrous, light brown and translucent, with some off-white setae projecting from the rear of the sternum. The legs and pedipalps are uniform light-brown in colour, mostly translucent with indistinct bands of offwhite setae. Legs I and II are shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV longer and of similar length. The pedipalps have a cover of off-white setae. The epigynum (Figure 8) is typical for Maratus, with a pair of rounded anterior fossae separated by a septum of variable width. Behind each fossa is a larger, rounded posterior spermatheca. Variably sclerotized ducts are visible through the posterior part of each fossa. Habitat. Maratus banyowla were collected on or near the ground in the Banyowla Regional Park, an area with many quartzite dykes exposed at the surface and a complex plant community (Wandoo woodland; Figure 9; Ecoscape 2016). Two large quarries are situated near the western boundary of this park. Figure 10 shows live individuals in their natural surroundings and illustrates some of the complexity of their microhabitat. Host to endoparasitoid flies. One female Maratus banyowla (♀ #5) was collected as a penultimate at the type locality and reared in the laboratory. This spider was photographed on 26 SEP 2019 (Figure 11:1-2), and was enclosed in what appeared to be a moulting sac several days later. On 8 OCT 2019 this sac was opened to reveal the remains of this female (Figure 11: 3-4) and the pupa of an acrocerid fly (Figure 11: 5- 6). By 15 OCT 2019 the mature acrocerid fly (Diptera: Acroceridae) had emerged (Figure 11:7-8). Acrocerids are commonly known as spider flies, small-headed flies, or hunch-backed flies. Almost all known acrocerid larvae are endoparasitoids of spiders (Schlinger 1987; Winterton 2012; Winterton & Barraclough 2017). Adult acrocerids deposit numbers of minute eggs on plants and the emergent larvae burrow into spiders where they grow and moult but do not kill their host until late in their development. Prior to this time they may not be detectable. Several North American species are endoparasitoids of the salticids Eris militaris and Pelegrina proterva (Larriv��e & Borkent 2009)., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Maratus banyowla, a new peacock spider in the personatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-23 in Peckhamia 195 (1) on pages 2-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732661, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015. Maratus personatus, a masked peacock spider from Cape Riche, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 127.1: 1 - 30.","Ecoscape. 2016. Ellis Brook Valley Reserve Strategic Management Plan 2016 - 2026 (9689 - 3216 - 14 R final rev 1). City of Gosnells, Ecoscape (Australia) Pty Ltd: i-v, 1 - 68, online at https: // www. gosnells. wa. gov. au / files / sharedassets / public / pdfs / environment / ellis _ brook _ valley _ management _ plan. pdf","Schlinger, E. I. 1987. The biology of Acroceridae (Diptera): true endoparasitoids of spiders. In W. Nentwig, ed., Ecophysiology of spiders. Berlin, Springer Verlag: 319 - 327.","Winterton, S. L. 2012. Review of the Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck. ZooKeys 172: 7 - 75.","Winterton, S. L. and D. A. Barraclough. 2017. Acroceridae (Small-headed Flies or Spider Flies). In A. H. Kirk-Spriggs and B. J. Sinclair, eds., Manual of Afrotropical Diptera, Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria. Suricata 5: 981 - 993.","Larrivee, M. and C. J. Borkent. 2009. New spider host associations for three acrocerid fly species (Diptera, Acroceridae). The Journal of Arachnology 37: 241 - 242."]}

Maratus albus Otto & Hill 2016 Maratus albus Otto & Hill 2016b; Whyte & Anderson 2017 Males of this coastal species extend their long legs III but do not elevate their fan during courtship display.

Maratus leo Otto & Hill 2014 Maratus leo Otto & Hill 2014d; Whyte & Anderson 2017 M. leo males are relatively cryptic and do not raise their fan when they display to females, but there are nonetheless a few iridescent blue-green scales on the dorsal opisthosoma. In some males the scales that form the circular figure of the fan are dark brown rather than dull red as shown here.

Maratus icarus Otto & Hill 2019 Maratus icarus Otto & Hill 2019 This species, a very close relative of M. cristatus, was named for the Icarus of Greek mythology, based on the appearance of a "winged figure" on the fan. It can be distinguished from M. cristatus by the division of the red anteromedial tract of the fan in that species, as well as by several details of the courtship display.

Maratus spicatus Otto & Hill 2012 Maratus spicatus Otto & Hill 2012 c, 2012e; Hsiung et al. 2014; Whyte & Anderson 2017 Males of this small species have large spike-like setae fringing a fan marked with bright yellow chevrons on a blue background. These are frequently seen in and around Perth., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012 a. Contests between male Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 98. 1: 1 - 17.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012 c. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 103. 1: 1 - 81.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012 e. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae), version 2. Peckhamia 103. 2: 1 - 82.","Hsiung, B. - K., T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. In: The Nature of Light: Light in Nature V, ed. R. Liang and J. A. Shaw. Proceedings of SPIE 9187, 91870 B: 1 - 20.","Whyte, R. and G. Anderson. 2017. A field guide to spiders of Australia. Csiro Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria. i-xii, 1 - 452."]}

Maratus flavus Otto & Hill 2018 Maratus flavus Otto & Hill 2018a This spider is known only from Tims Thicket, south of Perth near the coast. Like M. boranup, M. flavus males rely greatly on semaphore signaling with legs III when they display to females, but unlike that species they also display their distinctive, mustard yellow opisthosoma. Legs III of the male are highly ornamented, with tufts of long black setae surrounding each metatarsus, and a thin red-brown line set off by a fringe of white setae on the front of each patella and tibia., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018 a. Two new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 160. 1: 1 - 42."]}

Maratus neptunus Otto & Hill 2017 Maratus neptunus Otto & Hill 2017a; Maratus sp. Whyte & Anderson 2017 The fan of the male of this grassland species bears three prominent black stripes on a background of iridescent blue or purple scales. It has been found near Tamworth and the lower Hunter Valley in New South Wales., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017 a. Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus). Peckhamia 147. 1: 1 - 86.","Whyte, R. and G. Anderson. 2017. A field guide to spiders of Australia. Csiro Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria. i-xii, 1 - 452."]}

Maratus vespa Otto & Hill 2016 Maratus vespa Otto & Hill 2016b; Whyte & Anderson 2017 M. vespa males have a remarkable pattern of fine lines on the fan that resembles the front of a wasp. The male moves his fan to one side, then to a vertical position as shown here, and then to the other side as a watching female turns to follow his movement., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016 a. Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 136. 1: 1 - 24.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016 b. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141. 1: 1 - 101.","Whyte, R. and G. Anderson. 2017. A field guide to spiders of Australia. Csiro Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria. i-xii, 1 - 452."]}

Maratus sylvestris Otto & Hill 2019 Maratus sylvestris Otto & Hill 2019 Males have a broad, red band on either side of the eye region, and relatively long legs III. Like M. watagansi, these are unusual as they are found in wet sclerophyl or rainforest habitats., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Three new peacock spiders from the southeast and southwest of Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 189. 1: 1 - 77."]}

Maratus vultus Otto & Hill 2016 Maratus vultus Otto & Hill 2016b; Whyte & Anderson 2017 The fan of the male of M. vultus displays a distinctive face-like figure on a background of iridescent blue-green and light brown scales. This is the western-most species within the anomalus group. The female is not known., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016 a. Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 136. 1: 1 - 24.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016 b. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141. 1: 1 - 101.","Whyte, R. and G. Anderson. 2017. A field guide to spiders of Australia. Csiro Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria. i-xii, 1 - 452."]}

Maratus hortorum Waldock 2014 Maratus mungaich: Waldock 1995 (in part); Otto & Hill 2012b (in part), 2014a (in part); Maratus hortorum Waldock 2014; McCoy et al. 2019 This species is distinguished from M. mungaich by the presence of two small blue spots in the black central spot of the fan., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Waldock, J. M. 2014. Two new species of peacock spider of the Maratus mungaich species-group (Araneae: Salticidae) from south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 28 (1): 66 - 81.","Waldock, J. M. 1995. A new species of Maratus from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum. Supplement No. 52: 165 - 169.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012 b. Description of Darlington's Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus species A) from the Stirling Range National Park of Western Australia. Peckhamia 101. 1: 1 - 21.","McCoy, D. E., V. E. McCoy, N. K. Mandsberg, A. V. Shneidman, J. Aizenberg, R. O. Prum and D. Haig. 2019. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 286 (1902): 1 - 9. [20190589]. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2019.0589"]}

The chrysomelas group This group includes the widely-distributed M. chrysomelas and the closely related M. nigromaculatus that is known only from the southern coast of Queensland. Unlike most other Maratus, M. chrysomelas can be found in the arid interior and the tropical north. In some parts of eastern Queensland M. nigromaculatus genes associated with the series of paired black spots of the fan may appear in some Queensland populations of the closely related M. chrysomelas as a result of introgression., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535

Maratus tessellatus Otto & Hill 2016 Maratus tessellatus Otto & Hill 2016b; Whyte & Anderson 2017 Males have a distinctive tessellated pattern of dark scales on their fan, but do not use this fan in courtship display, a display in which legs III are extended and rapidly waved in front of a female. This species is known only from Bunbury, Western Australia., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016 a. Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 136. 1: 1 - 24.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016 b. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141. 1: 1 - 101.","Whyte, R. and G. Anderson. 2017. A field guide to spiders of Australia. Csiro Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria. i-xii, 1 - 452."]}

Maratus lentus Otto & Hill 2017 Maratus lentus Otto & Hill 2017a M. lentus males resemble the closely related M. cinereus, but have a different colour and a broad grey lateral margin on each side of the dorsal opisthosoma. They have only been found on grasses near Copeton, New South Wales., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017 a. Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus). Peckhamia 147. 1: 1 - 86."]}

Maratus aquilus Schubert 2019 Maratus aquilus Schubert 2019a The species name aquilus is a reference to the fact that, when viewed upside- down, the fan of the male resembles the head of an eagle with its beak wide open. In one mode of display males tightly bracket the small "beak" on the fan between their extended legs III, and attending females look at this closely., Published as part of Otto, J��rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3) on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Schubert, J. 2019 a. Three new peacock spiders from Southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4564 (1): 81 - 100."]}

Maratus vultus Otto & Hill 2016 Maratus vultus Otto & Hill 2016b; Whyte & Anderson 2017 The fan of the male of M. vultus displays a distinctive face-like figure on a background of iridescent blue-green and light brown scales. This is the western-most species within the anomalus group. The female is not known.

Maratus licunxini Baehr & Whyte 2016 Maratus licunxini Baehr & Whyte 2016 This species, named after Li Cunxin, artistic director of the Queensland Ballet, is very similar to M. fimbriatus with more convergence of the medial stripes toward the anterior of the fan. Photo by Joseph Schubert.

Otto, J��rgen C., Hill, David E. (2019): Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3. Peckhamia 148 (3): 1-28, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732535, {"references":["Baehr, B. C. and R. Whyte. 2016. The peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus) of the Queensland Museum, including six new species. Zootaxa 4154 (5): 501-525.","Butler, L. S. G. 1933. The common and conspicuous spiders of Melbourne. Victoria Naturalist 49: 271-292.","Davies, V. T. and M. Zabka. 1989. Illustrated keys to the genera of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27: 189-266.","De Angelis, D., H. Davis, B. Jenner and J. de Jong. 2013. A colourful addition to the spider fauna of Victoria: the peacock spider Maratus splendens (Rainbow, 1896) (Araneae: Salticidae). The Victorian Naturalist 130 (6): 224-231.","Dunn, R. A. 1947. A new salticid spider from Victoria. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 15: 82-85.","Dunn, R. A. 1957. The Peacock Spider. Walkabout, April 1st, 1957: 38-39.","Foelix, R. F., B. Erb and D. E. Hill. 2013. Structural colors in spiders. In: Spider Ecophysiology, W. Nentwig, ed., Springer- Verlag. pp. 333-347.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias and M. M. Kasumovic. 2015. Female preference for multi-modal courtship: Multiple signals are important for male mating success in peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282: 1-10. 20152222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2222.","Girard, M. B. and J. A. Endler. 2014. Peacock spiders. Current Biology 24 (13): pR588-R590.","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2011. Multi-modal courtship in the peacock spider, Maratus volans (O.P.- Cambridge, 1874). PLoS ONE 6 (9): e25390: 1-10. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025390)","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2018a. The role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signalling systems. Behavioral Ecology 29 (6): 1234-1244.","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2018b. Data from: the role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signaling systems. Dryad Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.86vt482","Hill, D. E. 2009. Euophryine jumping spiders that extend their third legs during courtship (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus, Saitis). Peckhamia 74.1: 1-27.","Hill, D. E. 2010. Sunda to Sahul: Trans-Wallacean distribution of recent salticid genera (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 80.1: 1-60.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2011. Visual display by male Maratus pavonis (Dunn 1947) and Maratus splendens (Rainbow 1896) (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 89.1: 1-41.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2014. Visual courtship display by the male Coastal Peacock Spider [Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus speciosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874)]. Peckhamia 119.1: 1-18.","Hoye, G. A. and P. B. McQuillan. 2014. Maratus harrisi (Araneae: Salticidae), a newly recorded peacock jumping spider for Tasmania. Tasmanian Naturalist 136: 78-82.","Hsiung, B.-K., T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. In: The Nature of Light: Light in Nature V, ed. R. Liang and J. A. Shaw. Proceedings of SPIE 9187, 91870B: 1-20.","Hsiung, B.-K., N. M. Justyn, T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2017a. Spiders have rich pigmentary and structural colour palettes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220: 1975-1983, doi:10.1242/jeb.156083","Hsiung, B.-K., R. H. Siddique, D. G. Stavenga, J. C. Otto, M. C. Allen, Y. Liu, Y-F. Lu, D. D. Deheyn, M. D. Shawkey and T. A. Blackledge. 2017b. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super-iridescent optics. Nature Communications 8: 2278: 1-8, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02451-x","Karsch, F. 1878. Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22-32.","Keyserling, E. 1883. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg, 1: 1421-1489.","Mascord, R. 1970. Australian spiders in colour. A. H. and A. W. Redd Pty Ltd. Sydney. pp. 1-112.","McCoy, D. E., V. E. McCoy, N. K. Mandsberg, A. V. Shneidman, J. Aizenberg, R. O. Prum and D. Haig. 2019. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 286 (1902): 1-9. [20190589]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0589","Nieuwenhuys, E. 2008. Peacock spider, Maratus volans. Online at: http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/australian/salticidae/ Peacock_spider_Maratus_volans.htm","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2010. Observations of courtship display by a male Maratus amabilis Karsch 1878 (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 79.1: 1-16.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2011a. Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae) from southern Australia. Peckhamia 92.1: 1-6.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2011b. An illustrated review of the known peacock spiders of the genus Maratus from Australia, with description of a new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 96.1: 1-27.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012a. Contests between male Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 98.1: 1-17.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012b. Description of Darlington's Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus species A) from the Stirling Range National Park of Western Australia. Peckhamia 101.1: 1-21.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012c. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 103.1: 1-81.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012d. Two new Australian peacock spiders that display inflated and extended spinnerets (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 104.1: 1-28.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012e. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae), version 2. Peckhamia 103.2: 1-82.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013a. A new peacock spider from Australia displays three 'sapphire gems' on a field of gold (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 105.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013b. Three new Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus). Peckhamia 108.1: 1-39.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014a. Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid. Peckhamia 112.1: 1-35.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014b. Description of a new peacock spider from Cape Le Grand, Western Australia, with observations on display by males and females and comparative notes on the related Maratus volans (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 114.1: 1-38.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014c. Description of a new peacock spider from the Gnangara Mound north of Perth, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 115.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014d. Peacock spiders of the pavonis group from southern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 117.1: 1-62.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015a. Two new peacock spiders of the calcitrans group from southern Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 121.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015b. Adult display by a penultimate male Coastal Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus speciosus). Peckhamia 122.1: 1-6.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015c. Maratus elephans, a new member of the volans group from New South Wales (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 123.1: 1-19.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015d. Maratus personatus, a masked peacock spider from Cape Riche, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 127.1: 1-30.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016a. Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 136.1: 1-24.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016b. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141.1: 1-101.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017a. Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus). Peckhamia 147.1: 1-86.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017b. Five new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 152.1: 1-97.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017c. Two new peacock spiders from southeastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 153.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018a. Two new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 160.1: 1-42.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018b. Two new peacock spiders in the vespa group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 168.1: 1-82.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Three new peacock spiders from the southeast and southwest of Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). 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