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Genus Darwinella Müller, 1865 Type species Darwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865). Emended diagnosis In the Darwinella, the dendritic fibre skeleton is supplemented by fibrous spicules which can be diactinal, triactinal or polyactinal. There is no sand in the fibres but dispersed cellular elements can occur. The sponges are fleshy, encrusting, or massive to lobate; to which fibrous spicule with style shape may be added (emended from Müller 1865). Remarks The species of Darwinella may be confused with those belonging to the genus Aplysilla Schulze, 1878 because of the similarity in external shape; however, Darwinella is characterized by the presence of diactinal, triactinal or polyactinal fibrous spicules (Pronzato 1975). In the present study we described a new fibrous spicule type for the Darwinella genus., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on page 38, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397, {"references":["Muller F. 1865. Uber Darwinella aurea, einen Schwamm mit sternf ˆ rmigen Hornnadeln. Archiv fur mikroskopische Anatomie und Entwicklungsmechanik 1: 344 - 353.","Pronzato R. 1975. Note tassonomiche sul genere Darwinella (Porifera). Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova 43: 5 - 20."]}

Biemna aurantiaca Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DD1D8BC5-DCF9-4294-9FA4-80FFD911417C Figs 7–8; Table 6 Etymology The new species is named after its orange colour. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena G; 44.763254° S, 72.891581° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky slope by scuba diving; CILE 20; MSGN 61497. Paratype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; same collection data as for holotype; CILE 6; DISTAV. Description HABITUS. Cushion-shaped sponge, almost spherical, 3.5 cm in diameter and ca 2 cm thick. Canal system visible, converging towards round flush oscula. Surface slightly hispid, colour in life bright orange (Fig. 7 A–B). Consistency soft and friable. SKELETON. Plumoreticulate choanosome (Fig. 7C) with spongin fibres cored by bundles of spicules typical of Biemnidae. Sponge surface appears slightly hispid due to single protruding spicules (Fig. 7C). SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth sinuous styles, with regular, round heads (Fig. 8A), 700–(842.5)– 920 μm long and 2.5–(4.8)–7.5 μm thick. Tylostyles sometimes slightly bent near head (Fig. 8B), 120–(269.25)–380 μm long and 5–(12.9)–20 μm thick. Microscleres: two categories of raphids; I, long and thin raphids, curved or slightly sinuous, 105–(129.5)–200 μm long, with microspined extremities (Fig. 8C); II, short and thick raphidioid microxeas with small scattered spines (Fig. 8D), 27.5–(35.6)– 40 × 2 μm long. C-shaped sigmas with microspined extremities, divided into two size categories: sigmas I, 130–(160.8)–170 μm long and × 5–(5.7)–7.5 μm thick (Fig. 8E); sigmas II, 12.5–(13.12)–17.5 μm long (Fig. 8F). Habitat Species lives at a depth of 20 m on a vertical wall. Remarks We have recorded three new species of the genus Biemna and have therefore decided to make combined remarks after their description., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on pages 20-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397

Rhizaxinella strongylata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 78052288-83C4-4D9F-91DE-6275C19187CE Fig. 14 Etymology The new species is so named for the presence of strongyloid styles in the spicules. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena D; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 25 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a vertical wall by scuba diving; CILE 65; MSGN 61499. Description HABITUS. Small erect sponge, 5 cm high, with thin stalk (5 mm in diameter) which divides into two branches with peariform extremities (Fig. 14A). Two round oscula visible. Surface hispid. Colour in life bright yellow (Fig. 14A). Consistency strong but compressible. SKELETON. Stalk characterized by axial compact skeleton that diverges into thinner secondary axes in branches. Close to surface ectosomal skeleton composed of brushes of spicules. SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth, slightly curved, long tylostyles (Fig. 14B), 841.5–(1466.3)–2320.5 μm long and 17.5–(21.75)–30 μm thick. Shorter, straight or curved, often fusiform tylostyles, with different heads (Fig. 14C), 175–(230.25)–320 μm long and 10–(14.1)–17.5 μm thick. Smooth strongyloid styles, more or less curved (Fig. 14D), 200–(274.55)–340 μm long and 10–(18.75)–25 μm thick. Habitat Species lives at a depth between 20 and 25 m on a vertical wall. Remarks Only one species of this genus has been reported from the channels and fjords of southern Chile: Rhizaxinella spiralis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). The new species R. strongylata sp. nov. described here differs from R. spiralis in external morphology, shape and size of styles/tylostyles, and in the presence of strongyloid spicules. In fact, R. spiralis has a stipitate cylindrical shape and two categories of tylostyles/styles that measure 1000 × 13 μm and 400 μm (width not reported in original description). Four other Rhizaxinella species are present in the Southern Hemisphere and so geographically closer to the new species. Rhizaxinella australiensis Hentschel, 1909 (North Patagonian Gulf, East Antarctic Wilkes Land, West Australia) is ramified with vertical branches; tylostyles are sinuous, straight or strongyloid and measure 500–1200 × 9–19 μm and 240–500 × 9–12 μm. Rhizaxinella dichotoma Lévi, 1993 (New Zealand, New Caledonia) is pedunculate with multiple branches, has principal tylostyles (725–1200 × 15–30 μm) and peripheral tylostyles (400–800 × 4–10 μm). Rhizaxinella durissima (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (Southwest Australia) with pedunculate shape has straight styles/tylostyles (240 × 6.3 μm) and fusiform tylostyles (1500 × 15.7 μm). The species morphologically closest to the new species, based on the large spicules and the presence of strongyloid forms, appears to be R. radiata Hentschel, 1909 (West Australia) which has a pedunculate shape, straight styles (1100–2150 × 27–45 μm), styles/subtylostyles (250–800 × 10–17 μm) and strongyles (250–350 × 7–11.2 μm). Even allowing for the lesser importance of sponge shape and a degree of morphological variability within the genus, the present description of type and size of spicules of R. strongylata sp. nov. merits the establishment of a new species., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on page 36, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397

Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21616DF2-8C48-428E-8631-C6A2553E214C Figs 3–4; Table 4 Etymology The new species is named after the body shape. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena B; 44.650167° S, 72.89085° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 1; MSGN 61493. Paratypes CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena D; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 18 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky bottom by scuba diving; CILE 37; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena E; 44.613885° S, 72.941490° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 23; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena D; 56.616666° S, 72.716666° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky wall by scuba diving; CILE 81; DISTAV. Description HABITUS. All of the specimens have a regular cylindrical shape (5–7 cm high, ca 1 cm in diameter) (Fig. 3A). Surface lightly hispid, consistence firm. Colour in life bright yellow (Fig. 3A). SKELETON. Skeleton formed by network of thin ascending plurispicular fibres forming quadrangular meshes with abundant spongin (Fig. 3B). Choanosome differentiated in axial compressed region (Fig. 3D) and extra-axial plumoreticulate part (Fig. 3 C–D). Ectosome formed by erect spicule brushes, hispidating sponge surface, supported by terminal part of choanosomal ascending fibres (Fig. 3 C–D). SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles smooth, straight or slightly curved, with regular, round heads (Fig. 4A), 700–(832.5)–960 μm long and 20–(25.2)–32.5 μm thick in holotype. Rhabdostyles smooth with pronounced basal bend (Fig. 4B), 240–(296.5)–435 μm long and 15–(17)–20 μm thick in holotype. Oxeas smooth, more or less folded, 197.5–(346)–425 μm long and 12.5–(18.7)–22.5 μm thick in holotype. The thinnest ones are almost straight or slightly flexuous (Fig. 4C). Measurements of spicule of all collected specimens (holotype and paratypes) are reported in Table 4. Habitat This species lives on a rocky cliff covered by coralline algae, at a depth between 15 and 20 m. Remarks We have recorded two new species of the genus Axinella and have therefore chosen to make a single discussion after their description.

Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21616DF2-8C48-428E-8631-C6A2553E214C Figs 3–4; Table 4 Etymology The new species is named after the body shape. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena B; 44.650167° S, 72.89085° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 1; MSGN 61493. Paratypes CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena D; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 18 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky bottom by scuba diving; CILE 37; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena E; 44.613885° S, 72.941490° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 23; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena D; 56.616666° S, 72.716666° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky wall by scuba diving; CILE 81; DISTAV. Description HABITUS. All of the specimens have a regular cylindrical shape (5–7 cm high, ca 1 cm in diameter) (Fig. 3A). Surface lightly hispid, consistence firm. Colour in life bright yellow (Fig. 3A). SKELETON. Skeleton formed by network of thin ascending plurispicular fibres forming quadrangular meshes with abundant spongin (Fig. 3B). Choanosome differentiated in axial compressed region (Fig. 3D) and extra-axial plumoreticulate part (Fig. 3 C–D). Ectosome formed by erect spicule brushes, hispidating sponge surface, supported by terminal part of choanosomal ascending fibres (Fig. 3 C–D). SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles smooth, straight or slightly curved, with regular, round heads (Fig. 4A), 700–(832.5)–960 μm long and 20–(25.2)–32.5 μm thick in holotype. Rhabdostyles smooth with pronounced basal bend (Fig. 4B), 240–(296.5)–435 μm long and 15–(17)–20 μm thick in holotype. Oxeas smooth, more or less folded, 197.5–(346)–425 μm long and 12.5–(18.7)–22.5 μm thick in holotype. The thinnest ones are almost straight or slightly flexuous (Fig. 4C). Measurements of spicule of all collected specimens (holotype and paratypes) are reported in Table 4. Habitat This species lives on a rocky cliff covered by coralline algae, at a depth between 15 and 20 m. Remarks We have recorded two new species of the genus Axinella and have therefore chosen to make a single discussion after their description., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on page 11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397

Biemna erecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F0A045BB-EE04-4239-94C8-C3025A29B450 Figs 9–10; Table 6 Etymology The new species is named after its growth form. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena D; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a vertical wall by scuba diving; CILE 74; MSGN 61496. Description HABITUS. Fan-shaped lamellar sponge, about 3 mm thick and 3.5 cm long, with basal peduncle. Surface very hispid caused by megascleres protruding from surface. Colour in life pale yellow, tending to orange (Fig. 9 A–B). Consistency soft, compressible and friable in dry state. SKELETON. Plumose skeleton formed by dense fibres of spicules whose extremities protrude through surface of sponge, resulting in hispid appearance (Fig. 9C). Choanosome differentiated into two regions composed of axial compressed and extra-axial plumose fibres (Fig. 9 D–E). Basal peduncle formed by ascending central fibres with radial spicules (Fig. 9F). SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles smooth and sinuous, with regular round heads (Fig. 10A), 1810.5– (2033.3)–2295 μm long and 15–(17.5)–20 μm thick; tylostyles/subtylostyles slightly curved near the head (Fig. 10B), 350–(607.5)–960 μm long and 10–(18.75)–30 μm thick. Microscleres: Two categories of raphids; I, sinuous and thin raphids (Fig. 10C), 87.5–(115)–167.5 μm long; II, short and thick raphids, with small scattered spines, similar to raphidioid microxeas, 23.4–(36.55)–42.5 μm long and 2 μm thick (Fig. 10D). C-shaped sigmas with microspined extremities clearly divided into two size categories: sigmas I, (Fig. 10E), 140–(159.5)–180 μm long and 5–(5.7)–7.5 μm thick; and sigmas II, (Fig. 10F), only 10–(14.5)–17.5 μm long. Habitat Species lives on a vertical wall at a depth of 20 m. Remarks We have recorded three new species of the genus Biemna and have therefore decided to make combined remarks after their description., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on page 23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397

Biemna aurantiaca Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DD1D8BC5-DCF9-4294-9FA4-80FFD911417C Figs 7–8; Table 6 Etymology The new species is named after its orange colour. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena G; 44.763254° S, 72.891581° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky slope by scuba diving; CILE 20; MSGN 61497. Paratype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; same collection data as for holotype; CILE 6; DISTAV. Description HABITUS. Cushion-shaped sponge, almost spherical, 3.5 cm in diameter and ca 2 cm thick. Canal system visible, converging towards round flush oscula. Surface slightly hispid, colour in life bright orange (Fig. 7 A–B). Consistency soft and friable. SKELETON. Plumoreticulate choanosome (Fig. 7C) with spongin fibres cored by bundles of spicules typical of Biemnidae. Sponge surface appears slightly hispid due to single protruding spicules (Fig. 7C). SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth sinuous styles, with regular, round heads (Fig. 8A), 700–(842.5)– 920 μm long and 2.5–(4.8)–7.5 μm thick. Tylostyles sometimes slightly bent near head (Fig. 8B), 120–(269.25)–380 μm long and 5–(12.9)–20 μm thick. Microscleres: two categories of raphids; I, long and thin raphids, curved or slightly sinuous, 105–(129.5)–200 μm long, with microspined extremities (Fig. 8C); II, short and thick raphidioid microxeas with small scattered spines (Fig. 8D), 27.5–(35.6)– 40 × 2 μm long. C-shaped sigmas with microspined extremities, divided into two size categories: sigmas I, 130–(160.8)–170 μm long and × 5–(5.7)–7.5 μm thick (Fig. 8E); sigmas II, 12.5–(13.12)–17.5 μm long (Fig. 8F). Habitat Species lives at a depth of 20 m on a vertical wall. Remarks We have recorded three new species of the genus Biemna and have therefore decided to make combined remarks after their description.

Axinella coronata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 29550A2F-F048-40D5-B473-906EB62DC478 Figs 5–6; Table 5 Etymology The new species is named after the crown of thin styles surrounding single tylostyles. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena B; 44.650167° S, 72.89085° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 22; MSGN 61494. Paratypes CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena E (Punta Tabla); 44.613885° S, 72.94149° W; depth 22 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 9; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena C; 44.631113° S, 72.929130° W; depth 25 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky wall by scuba diving; CILE 15; DISTAV. Description HABITUS. Fan shaped sponge, 2 cm high, very thin (2 mm maximum), with short basal stem. Surface very hispid with tufts of macroscleres coming out from surface (Fig. 5 A–B). Consistency hard but friable. Colour in life bright yellow (Fig. 5 A–B). SKELETON. Plumose, formed by multi-spicular primary tracts, radiating from axis towards surface (Fig. 5 C–D), ending in single tylostyle surrounded by crown of thin styles that projects slightly through sponge surface (Fig. 5 E–F). SPICULES. Megascleres: Tylostyles slightly curved (Fig. 6A), 1300–(1962)–2200 μm long and 10– (17.42)–25 μm thick. Long, smooth and thin styles, with shaft slightly thickened in distal third (Fig. 6B), 1200–(1500)–1800 μm long and 2.5–(3.3)–5 μm thick. Styles to tylostyles or subtylostyles more or less bent near head as true rhabdostyles (Fig. 6C), 460–(505)–590 μm long and 10–(15.62)–20 μm thick. Thin and sinuous styles, with round heads and slightly rounded points (Fig. 6D), 460–(556.5)–600 μm long and 2.5–(3.5)–5 μm thick. Habitat Recorded on rocky cliffs and walls covered by coralline algae, at a depth between 20 and 25 m. Remarks The attribution of A. cylindrica sp. nov. and A. coronata sp. nov. to the genus Axinella Schmidt, 1862 is based on the skeleton architecture characterised by a choanosomal skeleton differentiated in the axial (compressed or vaguely reticulated) and extra-axial (plumoreticulated) regions. The only species of this genus present on the Chilean coast is A. crinita Thiele, 1905. This species differs from the two newly described species in external shape (very ramified with cylindrical branches (Desqueyroux 1972)), absence of rhabdostyles (present in A. cylindrica sp. nov.) and presence of long thin styles with curved head (absent in A. coronata sp. nov.). In Table 5, the other geographically close species of Axinella and other species recorded in the Southern Hemisphere are reported. All of these species differ from A. cylindrica sp. nov. and A. coronata sp. nov. in the external morphology, and the type and size of spicules. Moreover A. cylindrica sp. nov. differs from all the other species in the presence of rhabdostyles (Table 5).

Darwinella pronzatoi Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FA17C8DB-1973-4E6F-9AB9-A025F68D38F5 Fig. 15 Etymology The new species is named after Professor Roberto Pronzato (DISTAV – Università degli Studi di Genova) in recognition of his significant contributions to taxonomic studies on horny sponges. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena C; 44.631113° S, 72.929130° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky wall by scuba diving; CILE 100; MSGN 61500. Description HABITUS. Encrusting sponge about 5 cm long and 1.5 cm thick, with regular conulose surface. Colour in life bright yellow (Fig. 15A). Live specimens soft, very fragile, showing numerous oscula with low rim (Fig. 15A). Ostia also visible on sponge surface (Fig. 15A) SKELETON. Structure typical of Darwinella genus with ascending dendritic fibres supporting surface conules. Several dendritic fibres arise from common basal plate. Red dendritic fibres laminated, linear and sinuous, 14–(15)– 16 mm long and 70–(80)–90 μm thick, with opaque core (Fig. 15B); axial core 10–(11)–12 μm thick. SPICULES. Smooth, straight, slightly curved or sinuous horny styles, with visible axial core (Fig. 15C), 87.5–(436)–830 μm long and 9–(12.5)–16 μm thick; axial core 2.5–(8.3)–13 μm thick. Habitat Species lives at a depth of 15 m in a shady area on rocky wall. Remarks Up to now, there was no evidence of the presence of the genus Darwinella from the Chilean coasts. Thirteen species belonging to this genus have been described worldwide, eleven of which have multiradiate spicules and one species, Darwinella tango (Poiner & Taylor, 1990), has no spicules. Only two species are characterized by monaxonic spicules: D. gardineri Topsent, 1905, characterised by curved horny oxeas (1600–2000 × 20 μm), and D. oxeata Bergquist, 1961, having horny spined oxeas (530– 2083 × 4.2–29.8 μm). Due to the presence of smooth, straight, slightly curved or sinuous horny styles, D. pronzatoi is clearly different from both these species, therefore it should be considered as a species new to science., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397

Hymerhabdia imperfecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FF9FC2BD-D935-4B83-B345-228C74D457B2 Fig. 2; Table 3 Etymology The new species is named after the presence of imperfect rhabdostyles. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena E; 44.613885° S, 72.94149° W; depth 30 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 63; MSGN 60889. Paratype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena F (Punta Angostura); 44.6312,35° S, 72.904239° W; depth 25 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 43; DISTAV. Description HABITUS. Encrusting, 5 mm thick and 5 cm long (Fig. 2A). Surface rugose and hispid, with visible canals converging towards oscules. Colour in life bright orange (Fig. 2A). Consistency of live specimens friable. SKELETON. Choanosomal skeleton formed by bundles of long styles and tylostyles with heads embedded in basal layer of rhabdostyles and sinuous sub-tylostyles. SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth styles, long and thin, sometimes with modified heads (Fig. 2B), 800– (888.33)–1000 μm long and 5–(7.16)–10 μm thick. Smooth tylostyles 410–(552.5)–700 μm long and 15–(18.9)–25 μm thick (Fig. 2C). Rather short rhabdostyles with heads variable in shape and with pointed or round extremities (Fig. 2D), 140–(252.42)–415 μm long and 7.5–(9.75)–12.5 μm thick. Rhabdostyles often sinuous or modified into oxeas or strongyles (Fig. 2E). Habitat Species lives on a rocky cliff at a depth of 25–30 m; Chilean fjords. Remarks Out of the nine species of Hymerhabdia previously described around the world (Table 3), none have been recorded along Chilean coasts. The only species of this genus from the Southern Hemisphere is Hymerhabdia oxeata (Dendy, 1924) recorded at a depth of 183 m in northern New Zealand. Hymerabdia imperfecta sp. nov. differs from H. oxeata in having a red colour whereas in H. oxeata the colour is dark brown. As to spicules, H. oxeata has oxeas whereas the new species has tylostyles and rhabdostyles that are not present in H. oxeata. Moreover, the styles of the new species are much larger (Table 3). A comparison with the other 8 species of Hymerhabdia (from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea reported in Table 3) shows remarkable differences in presence or absence of spicules (oxeas, rhabdostrongyles, toxostrongyles) and in their shape and size., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on page 7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397

Scopalina cribrosa Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2C1EE9CB-2950-4449-AD77-D32D9A781E9C Fig. 13; Table 7 Etymology The new species is named after the cribrose surface of the sponge. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Jacaf Canal N; 44.271194° S, 73.209222° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky slope by scuba diving; CILE 32; MSGN 61498. Description HABITUS. Encrusting sponge 5 mm thick and 10 cm long (Fig. 13A). Surface slightly conulose with visible oscula, ostia and canal network. Slightly hispid. Colour in life reddish orange (Fig. 13A). Consistency soft. SKELETON. Choanosomal skeleton consisting of bundles of thin styles entirely enclosed in spongin. Dendritic fibres rising up from basal spongin plate. Low spicular density. SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth styles, bent near the head, ending with tip not pointed but almost rounded (Fig. 13 B–C), 520–(1616.15)–2091 μm long and 2.5–(23.25)–32.5 μm thick. Habitat Species lives at a depth of 20 m, on a rocky slope covered by coralline algae. Remarks From five species of the Scopalina genus known in the Southern Hemisphere (Table 7), only Scopalina bunkeri Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2011 has been recorded from Chilean coast by Bertolino et al. (2019). The new species differs from S. bunkeri in having a very spiky surface and by the presence of smaller styles (Table 7). Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. australiensis (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982) from Eastern Australia in its external morphology, having an erect habit, large body and spicule size, but much smaller styles (Table 7). Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. erubescens Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2011 from the Falklands / Malvinas in its pale pink colour, a conulose surface, and styles that are four times shorter than those of S. erubescens (Table 7). Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. hapalia (Hooper, Cook, Hobbs & Kennedy, 1997) from Australia both in the colour and the presence of strongyles, which are lacking in the new species. Finally, regarding species of the Southern Hemisphere, S. cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. incrustans (Lendenfeld, 1887) from Australia by its larger styles. The nine species of Scopalina reported from the Northern Hemisphere differ from S. cribrosa in the size of spicules, and often in their shape (Table 7). We, therefore, propose that Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. should be considered as a species new to science.

Biemna typica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 00C6E35C-E9FE-4F3D-A752-1A91D11BAC1C Figs 11–12; Table 6 Etymology The new species is named after its spicule complement typical of the genus. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena G; 44.763254° S, 72.891581° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky slope by scuba diving; CILE 28; MSGN 61495. Description HABITUS. Massive, cushion shaped sponge, rather regular, ca 2 cm long and 2 cm thick, with very hispid surface. Colour in life bright red, remaining unchanged out of the water. Sponge compressible and friable (Fig. 11A). SKELETON. Structure typical of Biemnidae, plumose and with variable development of spongin fibres (Fig. 11B). Choanosome plumoreticulate, with spongin fibres covered by bundles of spicules (styles) and oxeote spicules that – protruding through sponge surface – make it hispid. Ectosomal skeleton composed of brushes of megascleres (Fig. 11 C–D). SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles I smooth, straight, slightly sinuous and thin, with regular, round heads (Fig. 12A), 1275–(1450.8)–1632 μm long and 5.2–(6.5)–7.8 μm thick; styles II smooth, curved and very thin (Fig. 12B), 293.6–(340.3)–365.22 μm long and 2–(2.25)–2.5 μm thick; styles III straight, curved or doubly bent, sometimes modified to rhabdostyles (Fig. 12C), 220–(409.7)–640 μm long and 10.4–(13.76)–20.8 μm thick. Microscleres: two raphid categories; raphids I, straight or sinuous (Fig. 12D), 87.5–(115)–167.5 μm long; raphids II, short and thick, similar to raphidioid microxeas with one microspined tip (Fig. 12E), 23.4–(36.55)–42.5 μm long. C-shaped sigmas with microspined extremities clearly divided into two size categories: sigmas I, (Fig. 12F),145.5–(136.7)–152 μm long and 2.6 μm thick; sigmas II, (Fig. 12G), 12.5–(19.8)–22.5 μm long. Habitat Species lives on a rocky slope covered by coralline algae, at a depth between 15 and 20 m. Remarks The three new species, Biemna aurantiaca sp. nov., B. erecta sp. nov. and B. typica sp. nov., differ from each other primarily in their external morphology and colour (see descriptions above and Table 6). Regarding megascleres, B. aurantiaca sp. nov. has smaller styles and tylostyles than B. erecta sp. nov., while B. typica sp. nov. has only three categories of styles, with no tylostyles. Furthermore, the microscleres differ in size between the three new species which are, therefore, clearly distinguishable from each other. From the cold waters of the Southern Hemisphere, twelve species of the genus Biemna are known (Table 6). Two of these have been reported on the Chilean coast: B. chilensis Thiele, 1905 and B. lutea Bertolino, Costa & Pansini, 2019. The new species described in the present study differ from these two species in the presence of more categories of styles and different forms of spicules. Additionally, only one category of raphids is present in B. chilensis (see Table 6). Biemna typica sp. nov. differs from all other Biemna listed in Table 6 in the presence of only one category of styles. Biemna erecta sp. nov. and B. aurantiaca sp. nov. have spicule complements similar to B. rhabderemioides Bergquist, 1961 and B. rhabdostyla Uriz, 1988, but the latter two species possess much smaller styles and subtylostyles (Table 6). In conclusion, the three species described here (Biemna aurantiaca sp. nov., B. erecta sp. nov and B. typica sp. nov.) differ from each other in the size and shape of the spicules, and should be considered as new species.

Rhizaxinella strongylata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 78052288-83C4-4D9F-91DE-6275C19187CE Fig. 14 Etymology The new species is so named for the presence of strongyloid styles in the spicules. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena D; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 25 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a vertical wall by scuba diving; CILE 65; MSGN 61499. Description HABITUS. Small erect sponge, 5 cm high, with thin stalk (5 mm in diameter) which divides into two branches with peariform extremities (Fig. 14A). Two round oscula visible. Surface hispid. Colour in life bright yellow (Fig. 14A). Consistency strong but compressible. SKELETON. Stalk characterized by axial compact skeleton that diverges into thinner secondary axes in branches. Close to surface ectosomal skeleton composed of brushes of spicules. SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth, slightly curved, long tylostyles (Fig. 14B), 841.5–(1466.3)–2320.5 μm long and 17.5–(21.75)–30 μm thick. Shorter, straight or curved, often fusiform tylostyles, with different heads (Fig. 14C), 175–(230.25)–320 μm long and 10–(14.1)–17.5 μm thick. Smooth strongyloid styles, more or less curved (Fig. 14D), 200–(274.55)–340 μm long and 10–(18.75)–25 μm thick. Habitat Species lives at a depth between 20 and 25 m on a vertical wall. Remarks Only one species of this genus has been reported from the channels and fjords of southern Chile: Rhizaxinella spiralis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). The new species R. strongylata sp. nov. described here differs from R. spiralis in external morphology, shape and size of styles/tylostyles, and in the presence of strongyloid spicules. In fact, R. spiralis has a stipitate cylindrical shape and two categories of tylostyles/styles that measure 1000 × 13 μm and 400 μm (width not reported in original description). Four other Rhizaxinella species are present in the Southern Hemisphere and so geographically closer to the new species. Rhizaxinella australiensis Hentschel, 1909 (North Patagonian Gulf, East Antarctic Wilkes Land, West Australia) is ramified with vertical branches; tylostyles are sinuous, straight or strongyloid and measure 500–1200 × 9–19 μm and 240–500 × 9–12 μm. Rhizaxinella dichotoma Lévi, 1993 (New Zealand, New Caledonia) is pedunculate with multiple branches, has principal tylostyles (725–1200 × 15–30 μm) and peripheral tylostyles (400–800 × 4–10 μm). Rhizaxinella durissima (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (Southwest Australia) with pedunculate shape has straight styles/tylostyles (240 × 6.3 μm) and fusiform tylostyles (1500 × 15.7 μm). The species morphologically closest to the new species, based on the large spicules and the presence of strongyloid forms, appears to be R. radiata Hentschel, 1909 (West Australia) which has a pedunculate shape, straight styles (1100–2150 × 27–45 μm), styles/subtylostyles (250–800 × 10–17 μm) and strongyles (250–350 × 7–11.2 μm). Even allowing for the lesser importance of sponge shape and a degree of morphological variability within the genus, the present description of type and size of spicules of R. strongylata sp. nov. merits the establishment of a new species.

Scopalina cribrosa Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2C1EE9CB-2950-4449-AD77-D32D9A781E9C Fig. 13; Table 7 Etymology The new species is named after the cribrose surface of the sponge. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Jacaf Canal N; 44.271194° S, 73.209222° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky slope by scuba diving; CILE 32; MSGN 61498. Description HABITUS. Encrusting sponge 5 mm thick and 10 cm long (Fig. 13A). Surface slightly conulose with visible oscula, ostia and canal network. Slightly hispid. Colour in life reddish orange (Fig. 13A). Consistency soft. SKELETON. Choanosomal skeleton consisting of bundles of thin styles entirely enclosed in spongin. Dendritic fibres rising up from basal spongin plate. Low spicular density. SPICULES. Megascleres: Smooth styles, bent near the head, ending with tip not pointed but almost rounded (Fig. 13 B–C), 520–(1616.15)–2091 μm long and 2.5–(23.25)–32.5 μm thick. Habitat Species lives at a depth of 20 m, on a rocky slope covered by coralline algae. Remarks From five species of the Scopalina genus known in the Southern Hemisphere (Table 7), only Scopalina bunkeri Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2011 has been recorded from Chilean coast by Bertolino et al. (2019). The new species differs from S. bunkeri in having a very spiky surface and by the presence of smaller styles (Table 7). Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. australiensis (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982) from Eastern Australia in its external morphology, having an erect habit, large body and spicule size, but much smaller styles (Table 7). Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. erubescens Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2011 from the Falklands / Malvinas in its pale pink colour, a conulose surface, and styles that are four times shorter than those of S. erubescens (Table 7). Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. hapalia (Hooper, Cook, Hobbs & Kennedy, 1997) from Australia both in the colour and the presence of strongyles, which are lacking in the new species. Finally, regarding species of the Southern Hemisphere, S. cribrosa sp. nov. differs from S. incrustans (Lendenfeld, 1887) from Australia by its larger styles. The nine species of Scopalina reported from the Northern Hemisphere differ from S. cribrosa in the size of spicules, and often in their shape (Table 7). We, therefore, propose that Scopalina cribrosa sp. nov. should be considered as a species new to science., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on page 32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397, {"references":["Bertolino M., Costa G., Reboa A., Bavestrello G., Pansini M., Betti F., Marzia Bo. & Daneri G. 2019. The sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena and Puyuhuapi Fjord (Chile), with a description of two new species. Zootaxa 4623 (2): 306 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4623.2.5"]}

Biemna erecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F0A045BB-EE04-4239-94C8-C3025A29B450 Figs 9–10; Table 6 Etymology The new species is named after its growth form. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena D; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a vertical wall by scuba diving; CILE 74; MSGN 61496. Description HABITUS. Fan-shaped lamellar sponge, about 3 mm thick and 3.5 cm long, with basal peduncle. Surface very hispid caused by megascleres protruding from surface. Colour in life pale yellow, tending to orange (Fig. 9 A–B). Consistency soft, compressible and friable in dry state. SKELETON. Plumose skeleton formed by dense fibres of spicules whose extremities protrude through surface of sponge, resulting in hispid appearance (Fig. 9C). Choanosome differentiated into two regions composed of axial compressed and extra-axial plumose fibres (Fig. 9 D–E). Basal peduncle formed by ascending central fibres with radial spicules (Fig. 9F). SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles smooth and sinuous, with regular round heads (Fig. 10A), 1810.5– (2033.3)–2295 μm long and 15–(17.5)–20 μm thick; tylostyles/subtylostyles slightly curved near the head (Fig. 10B), 350–(607.5)–960 μm long and 10–(18.75)–30 μm thick. Microscleres: Two categories of raphids; I, sinuous and thin raphids (Fig. 10C), 87.5–(115)–167.5 μm long; II, short and thick raphids, with small scattered spines, similar to raphidioid microxeas, 23.4–(36.55)–42.5 μm long and 2 μm thick (Fig. 10D). C-shaped sigmas with microspined extremities clearly divided into two size categories: sigmas I, (Fig. 10E), 140–(159.5)–180 μm long and 5–(5.7)–7.5 μm thick; and sigmas II, (Fig. 10F), only 10–(14.5)–17.5 μm long. Habitat Species lives on a vertical wall at a depth of 20 m. Remarks We have recorded three new species of the genus Biemna and have therefore decided to make combined remarks after their description.

Biemna typica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 00C6E35C-E9FE-4F3D-A752-1A91D11BAC1C Figs 11–12; Table 6 Etymology The new species is named after its spicule complement typical of the genus. Type material Holotype CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena G; 44.763254° S, 72.891581° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky slope by scuba diving; CILE 28; MSGN 61495. Description HABITUS. Massive, cushion shaped sponge, rather regular, ca 2 cm long and 2 cm thick, with very hispid surface. Colour in life bright red, remaining unchanged out of the water. Sponge compressible and friable (Fig. 11A). SKELETON. Structure typical of Biemnidae, plumose and with variable development of spongin fibres (Fig. 11B). Choanosome plumoreticulate, with spongin fibres covered by bundles of spicules (styles) and oxeote spicules that – protruding through sponge surface – make it hispid. Ectosomal skeleton composed of brushes of megascleres (Fig. 11 C–D). SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles I smooth, straight, slightly sinuous and thin, with regular, round heads (Fig. 12A), 1275–(1450.8)–1632 μm long and 5.2–(6.5)–7.8 μm thick; styles II smooth, curved and very thin (Fig. 12B), 293.6–(340.3)–365.22 μm long and 2–(2.25)–2.5 μm thick; styles III straight, curved or doubly bent, sometimes modified to rhabdostyles (Fig. 12C), 220–(409.7)–640 μm long and 10.4–(13.76)–20.8 μm thick. Microscleres: two raphid categories; raphids I, straight or sinuous (Fig. 12D), 87.5–(115)–167.5 μm long; raphids II, short and thick, similar to raphidioid microxeas with one microspined tip (Fig. 12E), 23.4–(36.55)–42.5 μm long. C-shaped sigmas with microspined extremities clearly divided into two size categories: sigmas I, (Fig. 12F),145.5–(136.7)–152 μm long and 2.6 μm thick; sigmas II, (Fig. 12G), 12.5–(19.8)–22.5 μm long. Habitat Species lives on a rocky slope covered by coralline algae, at a depth between 15 and 20 m. Remarks The three new species, Biemna aurantiaca sp. nov., B. erecta sp. nov. and B. typica sp. nov., differ from each other primarily in their external morphology and colour (see descriptions above and Table 6). Regarding megascleres, B. aurantiaca sp. nov. has smaller styles and tylostyles than B. erecta sp. nov., while B. typica sp. nov. has only three categories of styles, with no tylostyles. Furthermore, the microscleres differ in size between the three new species which are, therefore, clearly distinguishable from each other. From the cold waters of the Southern Hemisphere, twelve species of the genus Biemna are known (Table 6). Two of these have been reported on the Chilean coast: B. chilensis Thiele, 1905 and B. lutea Bertolino, Costa & Pansini, 2019. The new species described in the present study differ from these two species in the presence of more categories of styles and different forms of spicules. Additionally, only one category of raphids is present in B. chilensis (see Table 6). Biemna typica sp. nov. differs from all other Biemna listed in Table 6 in the presence of only one category of styles. Biemna erecta sp. nov. and B. aurantiaca sp. nov. have spicule complements similar to B. rhabderemioides Bergquist, 1961 and B. rhabdostyla Uriz, 1988, but the latter two species possess much smaller styles and subtylostyles (Table 6). In conclusion, the three species described here (Biemna aurantiaca sp. nov., B. erecta sp. nov and B. typica sp. nov.) differ from each other in the size and shape of the spicules, and should be considered as new species., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), pp. 1-49 in European Journal of Taxonomy 715 on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.715, http://zenodo.org/record/4022397, {"references":["Thiele J. 1905. Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher Suppl. 6 (Fauna Chiliensis III): 407 - 496, 427 - 433.","Bertolino M., Costa G., Reboa A., Bavestrello G., Pansini M., Betti F., Marzia Bo. & Daneri G. 2019. The sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena and Puyuhuapi Fjord (Chile), with a description of two new species. Zootaxa 4623 (2): 306 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4623.2.5"]}

Antho (Plocamia) sarasiri sp. nov. MATERIAL Holotype: Rete Bruno B, Secca P.ta Fetovaia, Elba Island, North Tyrrhenian Sea, 13.06.2012, 70 m depth [MSNG 60890]. Comparative material: (15), Gaiola, Gulf of Naples, 17.11.1959, detritic bottom, exact depth unknown; (319), Gaiola, Gulf of Naples, detritic bottom, 40���50 m, Sar�� & Siribelli, 1960. (450:3), Benda Palummo, Gulf of Naples, on rocky fragments, 10.5.1961, 50��� 70 m depth; (567:5), Benda Palummo, Gulf of Naples, on mollusc shell, 19.7.1961, 50��� 70 m depth, Sar�� & Siribelli, 1962. DESCRIPTION Holotype (Figure 1A) is a small (2 cm across) incrustation on a piece of coralligenous concretion. The surface is rather hispid and the colour brown in the dry state. No oscules are detectable. The comparative material, encrusting on rock and a mollusc shell, looked red in colour and slimy according to Sar�� & Siribelli (1960, 1962) who observed it fresh after collection. Skeleton. No discrete ectosomal skeleton. A damaged dermal membrane is supported by the reticulation below (Figure 1B). Ectosomal subtylostyles and structural styles, apparently not forming brushes, rendering the sponge surface slightly hispid (Figure 1D). Choanosome with a rather dense reticulation forming irregular meshes of one to three dumbbell spicules at a side (Figure 1C), echinated by acanthostyles (Figure 1D). Mesh size 143 (218) 285 ��m. Ascending tracts are sometimes detectable (Figure 1E). Isochelae densely packed (Figure 1F) and included in the network. Spicules (micrometers in Table 1). Ectosomal subtylostyles, gently curved, with smooth or finely spined heads. Spines short and often blunt (Figure 2A). Ectosomal subtylostyles, straight, with a few spines on the head, and on the proximal third of the shaft (Fig. 2D). Dumbbell spicules, slightly curved, generally with well formed heads but also in form of almost straight strongyles. The head spines are sharp or blunt (Fig. 2B). Acanthostyles slightly curved with microspines on the heads, and on the proximal third of the shaft (Figure 2C). Microscleres toxas with a slight curvature reminding the oxhorn morphotype, or sometimes straight (Fig. 2E). Palmate isochelae with a straight regular shaft, often twisted (Fig. 2F). ETYMOLOGY The name ���sarasiri��� is derived from the union of the names of the authors, Sar�� and Siribelli, who first recorded this new species from the Gulf of Naples that confused her with Antho (Acarnia) circonflexa (L��vi, 1960). ECOLOGY The species has been found on hard substrata in the Thyrrenian Sea (from the Gulf of Naples to Elba Island). The depth range is 40��� 70 m. REMARKS The new species has been ascribed to the genus Antho, subgenus Plocamia Schmidt, 1870 according to the presence of dumbbell spicules that form the reticulation of the basal choanosomal skeleton. Van Soest et al. (2013) reassign to Antho (Plocamia) 14 species in total (11 in WPDB), no one of which is present in the Mediterranean Sea. However three of them: Antho (Plocamia) erecta (Ferrer Hernandez, 1923), A. (P.) hallezi (Topsent, 1904) and A. (P.) anisotyla (L��vi, 1960) have an East Atlantic distribution. These three are erect species and differ from the new one proposed by their different shape and spicule measurements. Sar�� & Siribelli (1960, 1962) firstly recorded A. (P.) sarasiri sp. nov. from two detritic banks of the Gulf of Naples, but attributed it to A. (Acarnia) circonflexa (L��vi, 1960). Actually, the two species are rather similar, but A. (Plocamia) sarasiri differs from A. (A.) circonflexa in the larger size of megascleres (Tab. 1), in the swollen extremities of the dumbbell spicules, and in the thickness of toxas. As to the subgenus assignment of the new species, we believe it is justified by the swollen dumbbell spicules, whereas the attribution to the same subgenus of A. circonflexa is not considered correct by Van Soest et al. (2013), probably due to the shape of the acanthostrongyles which are faintly tylote (L��vi 1960)., Published as part of Costa, Gabriele, Pansini, Maurizio & Bertolino, Marco, 2019, A new sponge species of the genus Antho (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from the Tyrrhenian deep Sea, pp. 397-400 in Zootaxa 4674 (3) on page 397, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3460238, {"references":["Sara, M. & Siribelli, L. (1960) La fauna di Poriferi delle ' secche'del Golfo di Napoli. I. La ' secca' della Gaiola. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo de Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli, 12 (3), 1 - 93.","Sara, M. & Siribelli, L. (1962) La fauna di Poriferi delle ' secche'del golfo di Napoli. II. La secca di Benda Palummo. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli, 14 (2), 1 - 62.","Van Soest, R. W. M., Beglinger, E. J. & de Voogd, N. J. (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 87 (4), 275 - 404."]}

Antho (Plocamia) sarasiri sp. nov. MATERIAL Holotype: Rete Bruno B, Secca P.ta Fetovaia, Elba Island, North Tyrrhenian Sea, 13.06.2012, 70 m depth [MSNG 60890]. Comparative material: (15), Gaiola, Gulf of Naples, 17.11.1959, detritic bottom, exact depth unknown; (319), Gaiola, Gulf of Naples, detritic bottom, 40–50 m, Sarà & Siribelli, 1960. (450:3), Benda Palummo, Gulf of Naples, on rocky fragments, 10.5.1961, 50– 70 m depth; (567:5), Benda Palummo, Gulf of Naples, on mollusc shell, 19.7.1961, 50– 70 m depth, Sarà & Siribelli, 1962. DESCRIPTION Holotype (Figure 1A) is a small (2 cm across) incrustation on a piece of coralligenous concretion. The surface is rather hispid and the colour brown in the dry state. No oscules are detectable. The comparative material, encrusting on rock and a mollusc shell, looked red in colour and slimy according to Sarà & Siribelli (1960, 1962) who observed it fresh after collection. Skeleton. No discrete ectosomal skeleton. A damaged dermal membrane is supported by the reticulation below (Figure 1B). Ectosomal subtylostyles and structural styles, apparently not forming brushes, rendering the sponge surface slightly hispid (Figure 1D). Choanosome with a rather dense reticulation forming irregular meshes of one to three dumbbell spicules at a side (Figure 1C), echinated by acanthostyles (Figure 1D). Mesh size 143 (218) 285 µm. Ascending tracts are sometimes detectable (Figure 1E). Isochelae densely packed (Figure 1F) and included in the network. Spicules (micrometers in Table 1). Ectosomal subtylostyles, gently curved, with smooth or finely spined heads. Spines short and often blunt (Figure 2A). Ectosomal subtylostyles, straight, with a few spines on the head, and on the proximal third of the shaft (Fig. 2D). Dumbbell spicules, slightly curved, generally with well formed heads but also in form of almost straight strongyles. The head spines are sharp or blunt (Fig. 2B). Acanthostyles slightly curved with microspines on the heads, and on the proximal third of the shaft (Figure 2C). Microscleres toxas with a slight curvature reminding the oxhorn morphotype, or sometimes straight (Fig. 2E). Palmate isochelae with a straight regular shaft, often twisted (Fig. 2F). ETYMOLOGY The name “sarasiri” is derived from the union of the names of the authors, Sarà and Siribelli, who first recorded this new species from the Gulf of Naples that confused her with Antho (Acarnia) circonflexa (Lévi, 1960). ECOLOGY The species has been found on hard substrata in the Thyrrenian Sea (from the Gulf of Naples to Elba Island). The depth range is 40– 70 m. REMARKS The new species has been ascribed to the genus Antho, subgenus Plocamia Schmidt, 1870 according to the presence of dumbbell spicules that form the reticulation of the basal choanosomal skeleton. Van Soest et al. (2013) reassign to Antho (Plocamia) 14 species in total (11 in WPDB), no one of which is present in the Mediterranean Sea. However three of them: Antho (Plocamia) erecta (Ferrer Hernandez, 1923), A. (P.) hallezi (Topsent, 1904) and A. (P.) anisotyla (Lévi, 1960) have an East Atlantic distribution. These three are erect species and differ from the new one proposed by their different shape and spicule measurements. Sarà & Siribelli (1960, 1962) firstly recorded A. (P.) sarasiri sp. nov. from two detritic banks of the Gulf of Naples, but attributed it to A. (Acarnia) circonflexa (Lévi, 1960). Actually, the two species are rather similar, but A. (Plocamia) sarasiri differs from A. (A.) circonflexa in the larger size of megascleres (Tab. 1), in the swollen extremities of the dumbbell spicules, and in the thickness of toxas. As to the subgenus assignment of the new species, we believe it is justified by the swollen dumbbell spicules, whereas the attribution to the same subgenus of A. circonflexa is not considered correct by Van Soest et al. (2013), probably due to the shape of the acanthostrongyles which are faintly tylote (Lévi 1960).

Genus Hamigera Gray, 1867 Emended diagnosis: Hymedesmiidae without acanthostyles; with strongyles or tylotes as tornotes; with coring and echinating smooth styles or subtylostyles. The styles can also be polytylote with two size categories; arcuate chelae or cleistochelae. Hamigera cleistochela Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. (Fig. 5) Type material. Holotype: MSNG 60892 (CILE 67), Seno Magdalena F (44.631235��S 72.904239��W), Puerto Cisnes (Chile), 25 m depth, on a rocky slope, 2014 Description. Small, massive globose sponge (covering an area of about 5 cm 2) (Fig. 5A). Surface regularly areolate with inhalant and exhalant parts clearly distinguishable from one another (Fig. 5A). The colour in life is ochre (Fig. 5A). Consistence is soft and compressible. Skeleton. Plumose skeleton with multispicular tracts of polytylote styles that form bouquets near the sponge surface. Microscleres scattered in the skeleton, but they are mainly concentrated in the sponge surface. Spicules. Megascleres: Two size categories of polytylote styles: (I), larger styles, straight with acerate tips, 440 (482.5) 580 x 5 (8.6) 10 ��m (Fig. 5B); (II), very thin, smaller polytylote styles, straight, 105 (188.2) 252.5 x 2 (2.3) 2.5 ��m (Fig. 5C). Microscleres: Cleistochelae with frontal teeth more or less fused together (Fig. 5D). Arcuate isochelae with short, inward teeth (Fig. 5E). Both measure 25 (30.1) 35 x 5 (5.3) 7.5 ��m. Etymology. The new species in named after its characteristic chelae (cleistochelae). Ecology. Our specimen was found on rocky walls at 25 m depth. Remarks. The species is assigned to Hamigera Gray, 1867 due to the presence of an areolate surface, according to the structure skeleton and the absence of acanthostyles. Four species of the genus are known in total. None has polytylote styles and cleistochelae, therefore they are all different from the new species. Hamigera hamigera (Schmidt, 1862), collected in Mediterranean Sea down to 23 m, has tornotes in the form of strongyles to tylotes (230���320 x 3���7 ��m), styles to subtylostyles (240���320 x 5���9 ��m), and arcuate isochelae (15���22 ��m). Hamigera macrostrongyla Bergquist &Fromont, 1988, from New Zaland, has styles (360���490 x 5���10 ��m), strongyles (370��� 460 x 7���10 ��m), and arcuate isochelae (49���56 ��m). Hamigera strongylata Burton, 1934, from East Australia, has strongyles (280���400 x 8 ��m) and isochelae (30 ��m). Hamigera tarangaensis Bergquist & Fromont, 1988, from New Zealand, has strongyles (210���440 x 3.5���7 ��m), and arcuate isochelae with short alae (23���60 ��m). Hamigera cleistochela sp. nov., according to its unusual spicular set, with two size categories of polytylote styles, and chelae including cleistochelae, is here considered as new to science., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Reboa, Anna, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio, Betti, Federico, Bo, Marzia & Daneri, Giovanni, 2019, The sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena and Puyuhuapi Fjord (Chile), with a description of two new species, pp. 306-320 in Zootaxa 4623 (2) on page 315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3255473

Subgenus Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) patagonica (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (Fig. 4) Material. CILE 70, Canal Jacaf (Islote Carlos) (L) (44.484395��S 72.733093��W), Puerto Cisnes (Chile), 20 m depth, rocky walls ending on detritus bottom, 2014. Description. The specimen observed is cushion shaped, almost globular, 6 cm in diameter. The surface is verrucose with ostia in between the warts. Oscules are roundish, elevated by thin rims. The colour in life is a very pale beige (Fig. 4A). The consistence of the live specimen is soft and elastic. Skeleton. Ectosomal skeleton of styles and tornotes scattered near the surface; choanosomal skeleton an irregular isotropic reticulation of bundles of acanthostyles, echinated by smaller acanthostyles. Spicules. Megascleres: Styles, almost straight or faintly curved, with small spines concentrated on the head and scattered on the shaft (Fig. 4B), 290 (325) 350 x 12.5 (15.4) 20 ��m. Acanthostyles with well- defined heads, straight and entirely spined (Fig. 4D), 90 (119) 160 x 10 (11.3) 15 ��m. Straight tylotes with microspined extremities (Fig. 4C), 160 (199) 225 x 2.5 (4.9) 5 ��m. Microscleres: Arcuate isochelae with three, regular rounded teeth at each extremity (Fig. 4E), 22.5 (30.8) 42.5 x 2.5 (3.4) 5 ��m. Ecology. This species was previously collected at 448 m depth on muddy bottoms (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). Our specimen was found within a narrow channel between the coast and an island, in an environment characterized by rocky walls ending on debris, in presence of strong currents, at 15 m depth. Remarks. The species was described by Ridley & Dendy (1886) off the South West coast of Patagonia. This is the second record after the original description and a new finding for the Chilean fjords. Our specimen fits with Ridley & Dendy���s original description although the maximal size of the spicules of the holotype (styles of 420 ��m and tylotes of 300 ��m) is slightly larger., Published as part of Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Reboa, Anna, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio, Betti, Federico, Bo, Marzia & Daneri, Giovanni, 2019, The sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena and Puyuhuapi Fjord (Chile), with a description of two new species, pp. 306-320 in Zootaxa 4623 (2) on pages 313-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3255473, {"references":["Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18 (108), 325 - 351 + 470 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998"]}