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Tachytrechus brittoni Grichanov, 1998 (Figure 4D) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS). Distribution The species was described from Yemen and was not recorded furthermore. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 1998. Afrotropical species of the genus Tachytrechus Haliday (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Int J Dipt Res. 9 (2): 115 - 122."]}

Thinophilus indigenus Becker, 1902 (Figure 5A) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1.ii.2012 Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 4.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Egypt (Cairo, Assiut, Assuan, Fayûm, Luxor and Suez) and further recorded from the Palaearctic (Algeria, Iran, Israel, Mongolia and Turkey), Afrotropical (Angola, Benin, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Angola, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Tanzania, Namibia, Nigeria, Madagascar, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania and Yemen) and Oriental regions (Borneo, China (Taiwan), India, Malaya, Nepal and Philippines) (Grichanov 2017a, 2018). Remarks. This species is known to inhabit the freshwater marshes and streams (Grootaert and Evenhuis 1997)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563.","Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152.","Grootaert P, Evenhuis NL. 1997. A new species of Thinophilus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. 48: 74 - 77."]}

Condylostylus longicornis (Fabricius, 1775) (Figure 6B) Specimens examined 2♂, 2♀, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 7–28.i.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 3♀, same data but 7–28.v.2014 (CERS); 1♂, Jazan, Harob, Wadi Lejab, 30.xii.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. This species was described from South America being a typical representative of New World Condylostylus, having no relatives in the Afrotropical fauna. It was only recently found in the Southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, i.e. in the United Arab Emirates (Naglis and Bickel 2017), and the authors suggested that this occurrence was most probably the result of accidental human introduction. C. longicornis is known from Australasian (French Polynesia and Hawaiian Is.), Nearctic and Neotropical regions (Grichanov 2018). Dr. Deeming believes that this species could develop in shipments of grain that are infested with grain beetles and other insects, as both larvae and adults are predacious, and there would be adequate food for them, especially if there was a fungal infestation of any kind (J.C. Deeming; pers. comm. 2019)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1445, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Naglis S, Bickel DJ. 2017. Order Diptera, Family Dolichopodidae, Subfamily Sciapodinae. In: van Harten A, editor. Arthropod fauna of the UAE Vol. 6. Abu Dhabi: Department of the President's Affairs; p. 565 - 571.","Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Thinophilus ochripalpis Becker, 1910 (Figure 5B) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 10–31.v.2016, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from South Yemen and further recorded from Somalia (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Sympycnus basilaris (Curran, 1924) (Figure 6C) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 1.ii.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 1♀, Asir, same locality but 1–25.v.2013; 3♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 13.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Remarks This genus and species are the first records from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from South Africa, having four synonymic names. It is widespread in the Afrotropical region (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1447, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Cryptophleps buttikeri Grichanov, 2015 (Figure 3C) Specimens examined 1♀, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 20.v.2013, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution The species was described from Saudi Arabia (Bahrah, a town in Makka province, in western Saudi Arabia located between Mekka and Jeddah) and this is the second locality of that species in Saudi Arabia and the habitat and altitude are the same as where the species was first found and described., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1439, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2015. New species of Cryptophleps Lichtwardt (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with a key to the Afrotropical and Palaearctic species of the genus. Zootaxa. 4007 (2): 259 - 266. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4007.2.8."]}

Diaphorus hoffmannseggi Meigen, 1830 (Figure 3D) Specimens examined 2♂, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 1♂, same locality but 7–28.viii.2013 (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species is widespread in Europe, being also recorded from Israel and Turkey (Grichanov 2017b)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1439, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 b. An annotated checklist of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Israel and adjacent territories. Acta Biol Sibir. 3 (4): 6 - 19. doi: 10.14258 / abs. v 3 i 4.3629."]}

Tachytrechus notatus (Stannius, 1831) (Figure 4C) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Al-Souda, Al-Muqtha Dam, 18.ix.2014, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Germany and further recorded from Iran, Israel, Morocco, Syria, Turkmenistan and Europe (widespread) (Grichanov 2017a; Grichanov et al. 2017)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563."]}

Argyrochlamys cavicola (Parent, 1929) (Figure 4A) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 25.xi.2015, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Sudan (Mersa Halaib) and further recorded from Djibouti and Oman (Grichanov 2018, p. 27). Remarks. This species is commonly found in burrows of the littoral turret-building crab Ocypode Weber (M.J. Ebejer, NMWC; personal communication)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1439, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Hercostomus plagiatus (Loew, 1857) (Figure 4B) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 19.vi.–9.vii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Austria and further recorded from Algeria, Tunisia and Europe (widespread) (Kechev 2017; Grichanov 2017a). Remarks. The biology is unknown. This species was found in a range of wetlands including fens, damp wood and coastal locations; larvae may be semi-aquatic predators (Falk and Crossley 2005)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on pages 1440-1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Kechev M. 2017. New records of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Greece. Silva Balcanica. 10 (1): 53 - 57.","Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563.","Falk SJ, Crossley R. 2005. A review of the scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain. Part 3: Empidoidea. Species Status. 3: 1 - 134. (Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee)."]}

Chrysotus suavis Loew, 1857 (Figure 3B) Specimens examined 1♀, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 15–30.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS). Distribution This genus is recorded from Saudi Arabia for the first time. Chrysotus suavis was described from Germany and Hungary and is further recorded from many countries of the Palaearctic Region including Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Morocco and Turkey; it is excluded from the Afrotropical Region (DR Congo) by Grichanov (2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1438, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Asyndetus albifacies Parent, 1929 Distribution This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Grichanov (2013); El-Hawagry et al. (2016, 2017). It was described from Hala'ib Triangle (Egypt – Sudan border) and further recorded from Israel (Grichanov 2013)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1437, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2013. Afrotropical species of the genus Asyndetus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with notes on some Palaearctic and Oriental species. In: Grichanov IYa, Negrobov OP, editors. Fauna and taxonomy of Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Collection of papers. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl.); p. 27 - 46.","El-Hawagry MS, Abdel-Dayem MS, Elgharbawy AA, Al-Dhafer HM. 2016. A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Zookeys. 636: 107 - 139. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905.","El-Hawagry MS, Abdel-Dayem MS, El-Sonbati SA, Al-Dhafer HM. 2017. A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Garf Raydah, Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). J Nat Hist. 51 (25 - 26): 1499 - 1530. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2017. 1347299."]}

Medetera grisescens De Meijere, 1916 (Figure 5E) Specimens examined 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC). Distribution The genus Medetera is firstly recorded from Saudi Arabia. The material examined is the closest to Medetera grisescens, which is described from Indonesia: Java, Djakarta and Wonosobo. It is known from many countries of the Oriental (Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China (Taiwan), Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Malaysia, Singapore), Australasian (Australia, American Samoa, Fiji, Hawaiian Is., Bonin Is., New Caledonia, Northern Mariana, Western Samoa) and Afrotropical (Seychelles, Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius) regions (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1444, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Asyndetus albifrons Parent, 1929 (Figure 3A) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, AbuAresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 4.iii.2013, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Egypt (Bir Abrag, South Eastern desert) and further recorded from Iraq (Grichanov 2017a)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1437, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563."]}

Syntormon pumilus (Meigen, 1824) (Figure 6D) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Al-Souda, Al-Muqtha Dam, 1.ii.2012, Sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species is widespread in the Palaearctic region (Grichanov 2018). However, some old records may belong to Syntormon denticulatus (Zetterstedt) and should be confirmed., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1447, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Thinophilus spinulosus Parent, 1929 (Figure 5D) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 10–31.v.2016, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Sudan (Halaib: Red Sea coast) and is further recorded from Nigeria and Somalia (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1444, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Thinophilus promotus Becker, 1910 (Figure 5C) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 10–31.v.2016, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from South Yemen and further recorded from Djibouti (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Hydrophorus praecox (Lehmann, 1822) Distribution This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Grichanov (1997, 1998). H. praecox is almost a cosmopolitan species., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYA. 1997. A brief review of the Afrotropical fauna of the subfamily Hydrophorinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with description of Cemocarus stuckenbergi sp. n. Int J Dipt Res. 8 (3): 149 - 157.","Grichanov IYa. 1998. Afrotropical species of the genus Tachytrechus Haliday (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Int J Dipt Res. 9 (2): 115 - 122."]}

Micromorphus aereus (Vaillant, 1953) (Figure 6A) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 30.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2♂, same data but 1–25.v.2013 (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Algeria and further recorded from Egypt and Israel (Grichanov 2017a)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1445, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563."]}

Allograpta calopus (Loew, 1858) (Figs 8–9) Syrphus calopus Loew, 1858: 379 Examined specimens. 2♂, 2♀, Abha, Asir, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 3.iii–3.vi. 2001, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah and M.A. Abdullah (NMWC; CERS); 1♀, same locality but 3.iv.2001 (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 12.vi.2013 (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 20.iv.2013 (CERS); 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from South Africa and Sudan and is further recorded from other parts of the Afrotropical Region: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Burundi, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Dirickx 1998; Whittington 2003) and Yemen (Smit et al. 2017). Genus Betasyrphus Matsumura The genus Betasyrphus has approximately 18 species in the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Whittington (2003) in his assessment of the Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna, lists Betasyrphus among the Afrotropical genera in need of revision like most of Syrphidae., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Loew, H. (1858) Bidrag till kannedomen om Afrikas Diptera. [part]. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinger. Stockholm, 14 (1857), 337 - 383.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Dirickx, H. G. (1998) Catalogue synonymique et geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la region afrotropicale. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 187 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612."]}

Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Wiedemann, 1830) (Fig. 60) Syrphus rueppellii Wiedemann, 1830: 141 Examined specimens. 3♂, Al-Riyadh, Wadi Al-Dawaseer, Al-Joba village, 1.iii–30.iv. 2005, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 2.ii–25.v.2002; 2♀, same locality but 3.vi.2001 (CERS); 1♂, Al-Riyadh, Al-Kharj, 80 km. S. Ar Riyadh, 5.xi.2007, H.Al-Dhafer (KSMA); 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Ad Dir’iyah, 20 Km. W. Al-Riyadh, 7.xi.2007, rocket, Qurani (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 5km. NW. Al-Riyadh (on alfalfa), 21.iv.1992, A. Alabdulmoneim (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 5.iv.1993 on gargeer, A. Aziz (KSMA). Distribution. This species was previously recorded for Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Sudan and is further recorded from the following areas: Palaearctic Region; Afghanistan, Algeria, Canary Islands, China, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Korea, southern Norway, Mongolia, Morocco, Russia, Syria, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey; Afrotropical Region: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Peck 1988; Whittington 2003; Birtele et al. 2010; Khosravian et al. 2015; Smit et al. 2017; Haffaressas et al. 2017; Speight 2020; Mebarkia et al. 2020); Oriental Region: China, India, Pakistan (Ghorpadé 2014; Turk et al. 2015b). Remarks. Pineda & Marcos-García (2008) found syrphid larvae preyed on aphids on sweet pepper plants in Spain. They found that 98% of the larvae collected from the infested plants were S. rueppellii. Amorós-Jiménez et al. (2012) reported that S. rueppellii prey on several aphid species considered to be pests of several Mediterranean crops. Ball & Morris (2000) reported that this species can be found in dry, rank grassland and other open, dry situations such as ruderal communities but it also occurs in damper situations. Adults fly within one meter of the ground amongst tall vegetation but in short vegetation (e.g. Limonium Mill.) it flies lower and can be easily detected even by direct observation as it visits flowers, especially yellow composites (Speight 2020). Genus Syritta Lepeletier & Serville The genus Syritta has been revised by Lyneborg & Barkemeyer (2005). There are approximately 25 species of Syritta most of these (14 species) are found in the Afrotropical region (Lyneborg & Barkemeyer 2005; van Steenis 2010). The genus Syritta is easily recognized by the unique arrangement of setae on the ventroapical section of the hind femur (van Steenis 2010). Adult females of Syritta feed on pollen whilst males feed on nectar (Stubbs & Falk 2002). Larvae of other Syritta species are saprophagous and are found in manure, compost or dung, and rotting vegetable matter (Ferrar 1987: 357). Human activity (e.g. farming of animals) can provide breeding sites suitable for larvae of these species (Marcos-García et al. 2013). The genera of Syritta and Chalcosyrphus are superficially very similar and the identification of the latter from Saudi Arabia by El-Hawagry et al. (2013) was considered to be a misidentification of a Syritta species by Smit et al. (2017; see also discussion)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) s. n. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten [concl.]. Hamm, 2, i-xii + 1 - 684.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Birtele, D., Zito, P., Silvestro, P. & Sajeva, M. (2010) Syrphidae (Diptera) from Lampedusa Island. Naturalista Siciliano, Series 4, 34 (3 - 4), 209 - 218.","Khosravian, Z., Sadeghi, H. & Ssymank, A. (2015) Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Kerman Province, Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist, 290, 1 - 12.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Haffaressas, B., Djellab, S., Samraoui, F., Alfarhan, A. H., Gilbert, F., Ricarte, A. & Samraoui, B. (2017) Hoverflies of the Guelma district, with species new to Algeria and North Africa (Diptera: Syrphidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, (N. S.), 53 (5), 324 - 333.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Mebarkia, N., Neffar, S., Djellab, S., Ricarte, A. & Chenchouni, H. (2020) New records, distribution and phynology of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in semi-ared habitats in northeastern Algeria. Oriental Insects. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2020.1749906","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30.","Turk, J. K., Memon, N., Mal, B., Shah, M. A., Memon, S. A., Shah, N. A. & Ansari, A. (2015 b) New record and description of two species of the genus Sphaerophoria St. Farg. et Serv (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Balochistan, Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology, 4 (1), 110 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.19045 / bspab. 2015.41015","Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200.","Pineda, A. & Marcos-Garcia, M. A. (2008) A seasonal abundance of aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and their population levels in and outside Mediterranean sweet pepper green houses. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10 (2), 384 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2008) 101 [384: SAOAHD] 2.0. CO; 2","Amoros-Jimenez, R., Pineda, A., Fereres, A. & Marcos-Garcia, M. A. (2012) Prey availability and abiotic requirements of immature stages of the aphid predator Sphaerophoria rueppellii. Biological Control, 63, 17 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2012.06.001","Ball, S. G. & Morris, R. K. A. (2000) Provisional atlas of British hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Biological Record Centre, Monks Wood, 167 pp.","Lyneborg, L. & Barkemeyer, W. (2005) A world revision of the genus Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, 1828 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Entomonograph, 15, 1 - 224.","van Steenis, J. (2010) A new species of the genus Syritta Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Diptera: Syrphidae) with new distributional records of other Syritta species. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 57, 111 - 119.","Stubbs, A. E. & Falk, S. J. (2002) British Hoverflies. British Entomological and Natural History Society, Henry Ling Ltd, Dorset, 469 pp.","Ferrar, P. (1987) A guide to the breeding habits and immature stages of Diptera Cyclorrhapha (Part I). Entomonograph. Vol. 8. E. J. Brill, Scandinavian press, Leiden and Copenhagen. 478 pp.","Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Ricarte, A. & Estela, N. (2013) An Updated Hoverfly Checklist (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Mascarene Island of Reunion, France. Journal of Entomological Research Society, 15 (2), 59 - 68.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Khalil, M. W., Sharaf, M. R., Fadl, H. H. & Aldawood, A. S. (2013) A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha province, Saudi Arabia, with description of two new species. Zookeys, 274, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 274.4529"]}

Eumerus mucidus Bezzi, 1921 Eumerus mucidus Bezzi, 1921: 16 Distribution. This species was recently recorded from Saudi Arabia by El-Hawagry et al. (2018). It was described from Tatahonina (Africa sept.?) and is further recorded from Armenia, Egypt and Israel (Kaplan 1974; Shaumar & Kamal 1978; Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Piwowarczyk & Mielczarek 2018). Remarks. Piwowarczyk & Mielczarek (2018) reported that the larvae E. mucidus causes damage and breakage of the plant Cistanche armena (K. Koch) M.V. Agab. (Orobanchaceae) when boring channels in fresh tubers and shoots., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1921) Syrphidae aethiopicae Musei nationalis hungarici. Broteria, Zoology, 19, 5 - 22.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 52 (21 - 22), 1377 - 1393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1456575","Shaumar, N. & Kamal, S. (1978) The Syrphidae of Egypt. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 47, 79 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 1978.10295","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Piwowarczyk, R. & Mielczarek, L. (2018) First report of Eumerus mucidus (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Cistanche aremena (Orobanchaceae) and from Armenia. Florida Entomologist, 101 (3), 519 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.101.0314"]}

Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus Macquart, 1842 (Figs 50–51) Paragus borbonicus Macquart, 1842: 166 (106) Examined specimens. 1♀, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany fruit farm, 10.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species is the first record from Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. It was described from Mauritius and Réunion and is widespread throughout the Afrotropical Region including Ghana, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, and Säo Tomé and Principe (Smith &Vockeroth 1980; Kaufmann 1973; Dirickx 1998; Whittington 2003). Remarks. Macquart (1842) described P. borbonicus. Smith & Vockeroth (1980) listed it under P. (Paragus) borbonicus. Following Vujić et al. (2008) P. (Paragus) borbonicus was therefore put under P. (Afroparagus) borbonicus . Our material of P. borbonicus agrees with the description of Vujić et al. (2008: 514) of the subgenus Afroparagus Vujić & Radenkovié. Kaufmann (1973) studied the biology of P. borbonicus and reported it as a predator which plays an important role as a controlling agent of the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsco.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) that damages the flush leaves of cacao, Theobroma cacao L. in Ghana. He also described the immature stages., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Kaufmann, T. (1973) Bilogy of Paragus borbonicus (Diptera: Syrphidae) as predator of Toxoptera aurantii (Homoptera: Aphididae) attacking cocoa in Ghana. American Midland Naturalist, 90, 252 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2424293","Dirickx, H. G. (1998) Catalogue synonymique et geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la region afrotropicale. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 187 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607."]}

Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) abrogans Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1971 (Figs 45–46) Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) abrogans Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1971: 272–278 Examined specimens. 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 19.vi–9.vi.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Menhel, 24.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, same locality but 13.v–3.vi.2015 (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 1–20.xi.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Abha, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen, 10.vi.-9.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from Iran (Polur) and is further recorded from Greece, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbeckistan (Speight 2020). Remarks. The biology of P. (Pandasyophthalmus) abrogans is unknown. This species was erroneously synonymized with P. rufocinctus (Brunetti) by Thompson & Ghorpadé (1992). Claussen & Weipert (2004) provided the most comprehensive and reliable key separating this species from other European Paragus (e.g. Pandasyophthalmus species). Vujic et al. (1998) and Claussen & Weipert (2004) provided figures of the male terminalia of P. abrogans and P. rufocinctus, which clearly separated the two species. Also Speight (2020) disagreed with Peck (1988) who considered P. abrogans as a synonym of P. albipes Grimmerthal (described from Estonia and Latvia and not subsequently cited elsewhere), as this synonymy had no explanation or justification. In consequence Speight (2020) considered P. (Pandasyophthalmus) abrogans to be a distinct species and not a junior synonym of P. albipes as suggested by Peck (1988)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Goeldlin de Tiefenau, P. (1971) Quatre species nouvelles de Paragus (Diptera: Syrphidae) de la region palearctique occidentale. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 43, 272 - 278.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Thompson, F. C. & Ghorpade, K. (1992) A new coffee aphid predator, with notes on other Oriental species of Paragus (Diptera: Syrphidae). Colemania, 5, 1 - 24.","Claussen, C. & Weipert, J. (2004) Notes on the subgenus Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Nepal, with the description of a new species. Volucella, 7, 75 - 88.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230."]}

Scaeva albomaculata (Macquart, 1842) (Fig. 57) Syrphus albomaculatus Macquart, 1842: 146 Examined specimens. 2♀, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, 9.vii–13.viii.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 2♂, 3♀, Al-Riyadh, Al Aziziyah, 8.iii.1983, Talhouk & S.Tilkian (KSMA; NHMB); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 4.iii.1983 (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 31.i.1982 (KSMA); 4♂, 13♀, same locality but 4.iii.1983, 8.iii.1983, 30.i.1982, 14.vi.1981, 12.i.1982, 7.iii.1982, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but on Alfalfa, 15.viii.1980, A.Z. Alahmad (KSMA). Distribution. The species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Faragalla & Badawi (1985); Abu-Zohera et al. (1993) and El-Hawagry et al. (2019). It was described from Egypt and also recorded from the following areas; Afrotropical Region: Saudi Arabia, UAE and Yemen; Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Algeria: Canary Islands, eastward through southern Russia, the Caucasus and southern Siberia to the far east and northern China, Egypt, Madeira, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mongolia, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey and United Kingdom (Peck 1988; Walker & Pittaway 1987; Hayat & Alaoglu 1990a; Palmer, 1996; Dousti & Hayat 2006; Naderloo et al. 2011; Khosravian et al. 2015; Sengupta et al. 2016; Speight 2020; Smit et al. 2017); Oriental Region: India, Pakistan (Ghorpadé 2014). Remarks. Pineda & Marcos-García (2008) collected S. albomaculata from rice fields and wild flowers in southeastern Spain. Ball & Morris (2000) reported that in Greece this species visits flowers such as Cytisus Desf. in dry grassland. Smit et al. (2017: 594) have stated the references to S. albomaculata in Gillett & Howarth (2004: 140), Howarth (2006: 28), Gillett & Gillett (2002: 15) and Walker & Pittaway (1987: 107) are clearly misidentifications of E. luniger and have given reasons for arriving at this conclusion (see also Discussion. Therefore, these records of E. luniger should be regarded as misidentifications of S. albomaculata. Genus Sphaerophoria Rondani There are approximately 55 species of Sphaerophoria worldwide most of these found in the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Species of Sphaerophoria are predominantly associated with dry land, but it is apparent that some species prefer woodland reeds or marshes. Identification of most species is only possible by reference to male genitalia (van Veen 2004). Sphaerophoria has the scutum bears a strong yellow line unbroken all the way from postpronotal lobe to scutellum. Sphaerophoria lacks the trochanteral spine that is diagnostic for the male of Ischiodon., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200.","Faragalla, A. A. & Badawi, A. (1985) Arthropod ectosymbionts recovered from subterranean termite nests in Saudi Arabia. Sciobiology, 13, 7 - 12.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Al Dhafer, H. M. & Abdel-Dayem, M. S. (2019) On the fly fauna of the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records from Riyadh region, with a list of associated fly species and zoogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 53 (1 - 2), 17 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1568601","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Walker, D. H. & Pittaway, A. R. (1987) Insects of Eastern Arabia. Textbook. published by Macmillan Publishers Ltd., London, 175 pp.","Hayat, R. & Alaoglu, O. (1990 a) Fauna of Syrphidae in the vicinity of Erzurum (Part 1). Syrphinae. Turkiye Entomoloji Dernedi & Dergisi, 14 (3), 173 - 182. [in Turkish]","Palmer, C. (1996) A further record of Scaeva albomaculata in Britain and a note on the K. G. Blair collection of British Diptera. Diptera Digest, 2, 97 - 99.","Dousti, A. F. & Hayat, R. (2006) A catalogue of the Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research Society, 8 (3), 5 - 38.","Naderloo, M., Pashaei, S. & Taghaddosi, M. V. (2011) Faunistic study on hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the eastern part of Zanjan province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 4 (4), 313 - 323.","Khosravian, Z., Sadeghi, H. & Ssymank, A. (2015) Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Kerman Province, Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist, 290, 1 - 12.","Sengupta, J., Naskar, A., Maity, A., Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, E., Banerjee, D. & Ghosh, S. (2016) An updated distributional account of Indian Hover flies (insect: Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 4 (6), 381 - 396.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30.","Pineda, A. & Marcos-Garcia, M. A. (2008) A seasonal abundance of aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and their population levels in and outside Mediterranean sweet pepper green houses. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10 (2), 384 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2008) 101 [384: SAOAHD] 2.0. CO; 2","Ball, S. G. & Morris, R. K. A. (2000) Provisional atlas of British hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Biological Record Centre, Monks Wood, 167 pp.","Gillett, M. & Howarth, B. (2004) The insects of Jebel Hafit. In: Aspinall, S. & Hellyer, P. (Eds.), Jebel Hafit-A Natural History. Emirates Natural History Group, Abu Dhabi, pp. 94 - 143.","Howarth, B. (2006) Diptera of the UAE-collated records from the literature with additions of new records, accompanied by some notes on Mydidae and Stratiomyidae new to the UAE. Tribulus, 16 (2), 24 - 29.","Gillett, M. P. T. & Gillett, C. P. D. T. (2002) A winter survey of insects and other terrestrial invertebrates on Marawah Island, Abu Dhabi. Tribulus, 12 (2), 12 - 19.","van Veen, M. P. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004274495"]}

Orthonevra sp. (Fig. 69) Examined specimens. 1♀, Al-Baha, Wadi Turabah Nature Reserve, 1.vi.2011, light trap, Al Dhafer & A. Al-Gharabawi, (KSMA). Genus Paragus, Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181

Orthonevra sp. (Fig. 69) Examined specimens. 1♀, Al-Baha, Wadi Turabah Nature Reserve, 1.vi.2011, light trap, Al Dhafer & A. Al-Gharabawi, (KSMA). Genus Paragus

Key to the genera of Syrphidae from Saudi Arabia 1 Humerus (postpronotal callus) bare...................................................................... 11 - Humerus partly or completely covered with setulae......................................................... 11 2 Face entirely black.................................................................................... 3 - Face partially or entirely yellow.......................................................................... 4 3 Abdomen very elongated, waisted and slender................................................ Allobaccha Curran - Abdomen not strikingly waisted, slender only in the male..................................... Melanostoma Schiner 4 Tergite 1 well developed, especially on disc where it is frequently half as long as tergite 2, -always extending well beyond scutellum; sublaterally about three quartes as long as tergite 2; tergites punctate.................................... 5 - Tergite 1 fused to tergite 2, often further tergite fused, eye haired, either on lower part or in vertical lines... Paragus Latreille 5 Pleura with distinct yellow markings. Mesonotum dark in ground colour and witha yellow lateral line.................. 6 - Pleura of a dark ground colour throughout.................................................................. 9 6 Antenna elongate, as long as the head. Abdomen robust, wider than the thorax. Wasp-mimics......... Chrysotoxum Meigen - Antenna short. Abdomen narrower, especially in males....................................................... 7 7 Membrane of anal lobe of wing and alula covered with microtrichia. Male hind trochanter lacking any projection......... 8 - Wing membrane lacking microtrichia basad of mouth of subcosta in costa though there may be a few scarcely discernible microtrichia on alula. Male hind trochanter ventrally with a downwardly-directed spike that is as long as tibial width................................................................................................. Ischiodon Sack 8 More robust flies. Abdomen in both sexes as wide as or wider than the thorax. male genital capsule small................................................................................................ Allograpta Osten Sacken - Slender flies. Male abdomen slightly to distinctly waisted and with genital capsule large Sphaerophoria Le Peletier & Serville 9 Eye densely long-haired............................................................................... 10 - Eye bare.......................................................................... Eupeodes Osten Sacken 10 Frons in both sexes seen in profile not to be swollen and projecting above eye. Tergites essentially yellow with an apical black transverse band and with 1 and the base of 2 also black the yellow parts conspicuously pale haird. Postpedicel cone-shaped, twice as long asdeep................................................................. Betasyrphus Matsumura - Frons in both sexes seen in profile to be swollen and projecting above eye. Tergites dark in grossed colour, 2–4 bearing a pair of curved yellow markings that may be fused medially. Wing membrane largely devoid of microtrichi...... Scaeva Fabricius 11 Apical crossvein of vein M1+2 at mid length recurved towards base of wing......................... Eumerus Meigen - Apical crossvein not recurved.......................................................................... 12 12 Face deeply concave, the mouth margin medially projecting forward of vibrissal angle. Dorsum of abdomen flat.............................................................................................. Orthonevra Macquart - Not this combination of characters....................................................................... 13 13 Section of vein R4+5 between inner crossvein and wing apex deeply looped towards hind margin of wing.............. 14 - No such loop present, the vein only slightly curved......................................................... 15 14 Eye either with numerous dark spots distributed over its surface or with five dark vertical lines......... Eristalinus Rondani - Eye devoid of such markings....................................................... Phytomia Guérin Méneville 15 Postpedicel with a distinct dorsally-situated arista. Hind femur swollen. Small narrow-bodied species................................................................................................ Syritta Le Peletier & Serville - Postpedicel with a short apically-situated robust arista. Hind femur swollen. A long antennifer present. Postmetacoxal bridge incomplete......................................................................................... 16 16 Abdomen petiolate, second segment at its narrowest part much narrower than first and third segments.................................................................................................... Monoceromyia Shannon - Abdomen not petiolate, second segment as broad as or broader than the first....................... Ceriana Rafinesque

Paragus (Serratoparagus) pusillus Stuckenberg, 1954b (Fig. 54) Paragus pusillus Stuckenberg, 1954b: 401 Examined specimens. 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Villiage, 1.ii–3.iv.2011, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2♂, same locality but 21–24.ii.2013 (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 1.ii–3.iv.2011 (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 3.vi.2001, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah & M.A. Abdullah (CERS); 2♂, Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 10-31.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, same locality but 6.v.2014 (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from Zimbabwe (as “ Rhodesia ”) and further recorded from Namibia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Whittington 2003; Smit et al. 2017). Remarks. Stuckenberg (1954b) described Paragus pusillus. Stuckenberg (1954a) established the subgenus Pandasyopthalmu s in addition to the subgenus Paragus Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth (1980) listed it under P. (Paragus) pusillus. Following Vujić et al. (2008) P. (Paragus) pusillus was therefore put under P. (Serratoparagus) pusillus . Genus Phytomia Guérin-Méneville There are approximately 26 species of Phytomia worldwide of which 19 species are found in the Afrotropical region (De Meyer et al. 2020). De Meyer et al. (2020) has published a taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Phytomia with an identification key and has investigated their interrelationships based on morphological and DNA data. Dirickx (1998) and Whittington (2003) listed 18 species of Phytomia found in the Afrotropical region. De Meyer et al. (2020) have synonymised three species listed by Dirickx (1998) and Whittington (2003) namely: P. neavei Bezzi is considered a junior synonym of P. kroeberi (Bezzi), P. noctilio Speiser a junior synonym of P. pubipennis Bezzi and P. ephippium Bezi a junior synonym of P. melas (Bezzi). They described three new species: P. austeni sp.n., P. memnon sp.n. and P. pallida sp.n. They also validated P. curta (Loew) and differentiated if from P. natalensis (Macquart). Therefore, the total number of Phytomia in the Afrotropical region is 19. The larvae of some species of Phytomia have a semiaquatic saprophagous life cycle and therefre, can be found in a wide range of habitats including bodies of water. Some species of Phytomia are observed to play an important role as pollinators (Njorege et al. 2004)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 b) The Paragus serratus complex, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Transaction of the Royal Society of London, 105 (17), 393 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00770. x","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 a) Studies on Paragus, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Revue de Zoologieet de Botanique Africaines, 49 (1 - 2), 97 - 139.","De Meyer, M., Georg, G. & Jordaens, K. (2020) Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Phytomia Guerin-Meneville (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa, 4803 (2), 201 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4803.2.1","Dirickx, H. G. (1998) Catalogue synonymique et geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la region afrotropicale. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 187 pp."]}

Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris Loew, 1858 (Fig. 53) Paragus longiventris Loew, 1858: 376 Examined specimens. 1♀, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdage village, 1–13.xii.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1♂, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany fruit farm 15.v.–2.vi.2006, Malaise trap, H.A. Abdullah & H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1♂, Asir, Abha Farm Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 3.iii.–3.vi.2001, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah & M.A. Abdullah (NMWC); 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hey Al-Menhel, 24.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, same locality but 13.v.–3.vi.2015 (CERS); 3♀, Najran, Al-Shurfa, 13.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from South Africa. It is widespread in the Afrotropical Region (including, Madagascar, Sào Tomé, South Yemen) (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Whittington 2003; Smit et al. 2017); Oriental Region: India; Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan (Ghorpadé 2014)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Loew, H. (1858) Bidrag till kannedomen om Afrikas Diptera. [part]. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinger. Stockholm, 14 (1857), 337 - 383.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30."]}

Ischiodon aegyptius (Wiedemann, 1830) (Fig. 42) Syrphus aegyptius Wiedemann, 1830: 133. Examined specimens. 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, 13.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CRES); 1♂, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdage village, 1.ii–3.vi.2011, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 22.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 2♂, 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Al Aziziyah, 10.x.1977, A. Talhouk & S.Tilkian (KSMA); 2♂, same locality but 25.iii.1978 (KSMA); 2♂, 2♀, same locality but 30.i.1982 (KSMA); 2♂, 16.iv.1978 (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 25.vii.1978 (KSMA); 1♂, Fifa, Jebel Fifa, 1.ii.1983, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♂, Riyadh, Al-Uyaynah, 45 Km. W. Ar Riyadh, 9.iv.2008, Attorck, alfalfa (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 27.ii.2008, Ashahrany (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Ad Dir’iyah, 20 km. W. Al-Riyadh, 1.xi.1989, alfalfa, Soliman (KSMA); 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Ad Diriyah, 5km NW Al-Riyadh (on alfalfa), 16.v.1996, A. Soliman (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 15.xi.1989, M.M. Salem (KSMA); 1♂, Al-Riyadh, Al Aziziyah (on alfalfa) 15–viii-1980 (KSMA); 3♂, 3♀, Al-Riyadh, Rhodet Khorim, National Park, 14.iv.2012, sweeping, Al-Dhafer H., (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 17.ii.2012, sweeping (KSMA), H. Al-Dhafer, (KSMA), 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 28.iv.2012, Al-Dhafer H., (KSMA). Distribution. The species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Martin (1972) and recently by El-Hawagry et al. (2019). It was described from “ Egypt and Nubia” (currently divided into Egypt and Sudan). Mengual (2018) cites Eritrea and Ethiopia (as Abyssinia) as being type localities and it is further recorded from the Afrotropical Region: Central African Republic, Cape Verde Islands, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, St Helena, São South Africa, The Gambia, Tomé, UAE, Yemen and Zimbabwe; Palaearctic Region: Canary Islands, Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Italy, Morocco, southern Spain (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Birtele et al. 2010; Khosravian et al. 2015; Smit et al. 2017; Mengual 2018; Speight 2020). Remarks. Speight (2020) gave an account of the biology, ecology and determination of this species. Laska et al. (2006) provide a key for separation of the last instar larvae and puparia of I. aegyptius and I. scutellaris. Larvae of I. aegyptius are most usually feeding on aphids but also on thrips (Thysanoptera), whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and caterpillars (Lepidoptera) (Rojo et al. 2003). Genus Melanostoma Schiner The genus Melanostoma is represented in most biogeographical regions of the Old World, with 59 species having the preponderance inhabiting tropical areas. Little is known with respect to their biology, but they are suspected to be general predators of small insects in leaf litter (van Veen 2004; Ball & Morris 2000)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) s. n. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten [concl.]. Hamm, 2, i-xii + 1 - 684.","Martin, H. E. (1972) Report to the Government of Saudi Arabia on Research in Plant Protection, based on the work of H. E. Martin. FAO entomologist, Rome, 38 pp.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Al Dhafer, H. M. & Abdel-Dayem, M. S. (2019) On the fly fauna of the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records from Riyadh region, with a list of associated fly species and zoogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 53 (1 - 2), 17 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1568601","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Birtele, D., Zito, P., Silvestro, P. & Sajeva, M. (2010) Syrphidae (Diptera) from Lampedusa Island. Naturalista Siciliano, Series 4, 34 (3 - 4), 209 - 218.","Khosravian, Z., Sadeghi, H. & Ssymank, A. (2015) Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Kerman Province, Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist, 290, 1 - 12.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Laska, P., Perez-Banon, C., Mazanek, L., Rojo, S., Stahls, G., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Bicik, V. & Dusek, J. (2006) Taxonomy of the genera Scaeva, Simosyrphus and Ischiodon (Diptera: Syrphidae): Descriptions of immature stages and status of taxa. European Journal of Entomology, 103, 637 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2006.085","Rojo, S., Gilbert, F., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Nieto, J. M. & Mier, M. P. (2003) A world review of predatory hoverflies (Diptera; Syrphidae: Syrphinae) and their prey. CIBIO ediciones, Alicante, 319 pp.","van Veen, M. P. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004274495","Ball, S. G. & Morris, R. K. A. (2000) Provisional atlas of British hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Biological Record Centre, Monks Wood, 167 pp."]}

Key to the genera of Syrphidae from Saudi Arabia 1 Humerus (postpronotal callus) bare...................................................................... 11 - Humerus partly or completely covered with setulae......................................................... 11 2 Face entirely black.................................................................................... 3 - Face partially or entirely yellow.......................................................................... 4 3 Abdomen very elongated, waisted and slender................................................ Allobaccha Curran - Abdomen not strikingly waisted, slender only in the male..................................... Melanostoma Schiner 4 Tergite 1 well developed, especially on disc where it is frequently half as long as tergite 2, -always extending well beyond scutellum; sublaterally about three quartes as long as tergite 2; tergites punctate.................................... 5 - Tergite 1 fused to tergite 2, often further tergite fused, eye haired, either on lower part or in vertical lines... Paragus Latreille 5 Pleura with distinct yellow markings. Mesonotum dark in ground colour and witha yellow lateral line.................. 6 - Pleura of a dark ground colour throughout.................................................................. 9 6 Antenna elongate, as long as the head. Abdomen robust, wider than the thorax. Wasp-mimics......... Chrysotoxum Meigen - Antenna short. Abdomen narrower, especially in males....................................................... 7 7 Membrane of anal lobe of wing and alula covered with microtrichia. Male hind trochanter lacking any projection......... 8 - Wing membrane lacking microtrichia basad of mouth of subcosta in costa though there may be a few scarcely discernible microtrichia on alula. Male hind trochanter ventrally with a downwardly-directed spike that is as long as tibial width................................................................................................. Ischiodon Sack 8 More robust flies. Abdomen in both sexes as wide as or wider than the thorax. male genital capsule small................................................................................................ Allograpta Osten Sacken - Slender flies. Male abdomen slightly to distinctly waisted and with genital capsule large Sphaerophoria Le Peletier & Serville 9 Eye densely long-haired............................................................................... 10 - Eye bare.......................................................................... Eupeodes Osten Sacken 10 Frons in both sexes seen in profile not to be swollen and projecting above eye. Tergites essentially yellow with an apical black transverse band and with 1 and the base of 2 also black the yellow parts conspicuously pale haird. Postpedicel cone-shaped, twice as long asdeep................................................................. Betasyrphus Matsumura - Frons in both sexes seen in profile to be swollen and projecting above eye. Tergites dark in grossed colour, 2–4 bearing a pair of curved yellow markings that may be fused medially. Wing membrane largely devoid of microtrichi...... Scaeva Fabricius 11 Apical crossvein of vein M1+2 at mid length recurved towards base of wing......................... Eumerus Meigen - Apical crossvein not recurved.......................................................................... 12 12 Face deeply concave, the mouth margin medially projecting forward of vibrissal angle. Dorsum of abdomen flat.............................................................................................. Orthonevra Macquart - Not this combination of characters....................................................................... 13 13 Section of vein R4+5 between inner crossvein and wing apex deeply looped towards hind margin of wing.............. 14 - No such loop present, the vein only slightly curved......................................................... 15 14 Eye either with numerous dark spots distributed over its surface or with five dark vertical lines......... Eristalinus Rondani - Eye devoid of such markings....................................................... Phytomia Guérin Méneville 15 Postpedicel with a distinct dorsally-situated arista. Hind femur swollen. Small narrow-bodied species................................................................................................ Syritta Le Peletier & Serville - Postpedicel with a short apically-situated robust arista. Hind femur swollen. A long antennifer present. Postmetacoxal bridge incomplete......................................................................................... 16 16 Abdomen petiolate, second segment at its narrowest part much narrower than first and third segments.................................................................................................... Monoceromyia Shannon - Abdomen not petiolate, second segment as broad as or broader than the first....................... Ceriana Rafinesque, Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181

Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) (Fig. 17) Conops aeneus Scopoli, 1763: 356 Examined specimens. 4♂, Al-Riyadh, Ad Dir’iyah, 20 Km. W. Al-Riyadh, 24.xii.1989, Amr (KSMA). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species. The species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Abou El-Elg (1978) and Walker & Pittaway (1987). It was described from Slovenia and also recorded from the following: Afrotropical Region: Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates and Yemen; Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Algeria, Azores Islands, Canary Islands, Egypt, Europe, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Madeira Island, Mongolia, Morocco, Syria, Sweden, Tunisia; Nearctic Region: United States, Pacific Islands; Oriental Region: China, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; Australasian Region: Australia, Hawaii (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Walker & Pittaway (1987); Peck 1988; Dirickx 1994; Whittington 2003; Naderloo et al. 2011; Ghorpadé 2014; Khosravian et al. 2015; Sengupta et al. 2016; Smit et al. 2017; Haffaressas et al. 2017; Mebarkia et al. 2020; Speight 2020). Remarks. E. aeneus is regularly found hovering very fast and low over bare ground or stones as well as vegetation. The behaviour is reminiscent of muscid flies, but the eyes being covered with dark spots immediately announced the fly’s identity. The larvae have the anal segment elongated into a long siphon and live in a semi-aquatic environment, filtering bacteria and organic material. When the larvae found in coastal situations can develop in rotting seaweed in rock pools along shorelines (Haffaressas et al. 2017), but inland it has been found associated with animal dung in wet situations and even in sewage farms (Stubbs & Falk 2002; Speight 2020). It was found thriving in a pool in Wadi Amdat, Dhofar, Oman, in which the water was heavily contaminated with heavy metals and contained mats of colourful algae (J.C. Deeming, per.comm.). In Europe it hibernates as an adult., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologia carniolica exhibens insect carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Vindobonae (Vienna), [30] + 420 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119976","Abou El-Elg, R., Taher, M. O. & Nazer, I. O. (1978) On the biology of Eristalis aeneus (Scopoli) in Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Faculty of Science, Riyadh University, 9, 73 - 86.","Walker, D. H. & Pittaway, A. R. (1987) Insects of Eastern Arabia. Textbook. published by Macmillan Publishers Ltd., London, 175 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Dirickx, H. G. (1994) Atlas des dipteres syrphides de la region mediterraneenne. I'nstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 317 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Naderloo, M., Pashaei, S. & Taghaddosi, M. V. (2011) Faunistic study on hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the eastern part of Zanjan province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 4 (4), 313 - 323.","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30.","Khosravian, Z., Sadeghi, H. & Ssymank, A. (2015) Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Kerman Province, Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist, 290, 1 - 12.","Sengupta, J., Naskar, A., Maity, A., Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, E., Banerjee, D. & Ghosh, S. (2016) An updated distributional account of Indian Hover flies (insect: Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 4 (6), 381 - 396.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Haffaressas, B., Djellab, S., Samraoui, F., Alfarhan, A. H., Gilbert, F., Ricarte, A. & Samraoui, B. (2017) Hoverflies of the Guelma district, with species new to Algeria and North Africa (Diptera: Syrphidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, (N. S.), 53 (5), 324 - 333.","Mebarkia, N., Neffar, S., Djellab, S., Ricarte, A. & Chenchouni, H. (2020) New records, distribution and phynology of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in semi-ared habitats in northeastern Algeria. Oriental Insects. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2020.1749906","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Stubbs, A. E. & Falk, S. J. (2002) British Hoverflies. British Entomological and Natural History Society, Henry Ling Ltd, Dorset, 469 pp."]}

Paragus (Paragus) compeditus Wiedemann, 1830 (Fig. 52) Paragus compeditus Wiedemann, 1830: 89. Examined specimens. 1♀, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany fruit farm, 1–25.v.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Abdullah & H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 5♂, 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Wadi Al-Dawaseer, Al-Joba village, 1.iii–30.iv.2005, H.A.Dawah, Malaise trap (CERS); 3♀, Al-Riyadh, Al Aziziyah, 3.xi.1982, sweeping A. Talhouk & S.Tilkian (KSMA); 6♀, Al-Riyadh, Al Kharj, 80km. S. Al-Riyadh, 8.iii.1982, sweeping, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA). Distribution. The species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Walker & Pittaway (1987); El-Hawagry et al. (2018); El-Hawagry et al. (2019). It was described from Ethiopia and has also been recorded from the Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, N. China, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Italy, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan: Afrotropical Region; Mascarene Islands, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and UAE (Peck 1988; Dirickx 1994; Whittington 2003; Naderloo et al. 2011; Khosravian et al. 2015; Smit et al. 2017; Speight 2020). Remarks. This species flies among vegetation in areas of high humidity (Speight 2020)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) s. n. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten [concl.]. Hamm, 2, i-xii + 1 - 684.","Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200.","Walker, D. H. & Pittaway, A. R. (1987) Insects of Eastern Arabia. Textbook. published by Macmillan Publishers Ltd., London, 175 pp.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 52 (21 - 22), 1377 - 1393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1456575","El-Hawagry, M. S., Al Dhafer, H. M. & Abdel-Dayem, M. S. (2019) On the fly fauna of the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records from Riyadh region, with a list of associated fly species and zoogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 53 (1 - 2), 17 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1568601","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Dirickx, H. G. (1994) Atlas des dipteres syrphides de la region mediterraneenne. I'nstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 317 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Naderloo, M., Pashaei, S. & Taghaddosi, M. V. (2011) Faunistic study on hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the eastern part of Zanjan province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 4 (4), 313 - 323.","Khosravian, Z., Sadeghi, H. & Ssymank, A. (2015) Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Kerman Province, Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist, 290, 1 - 12.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp."]}

Paragus (Serratoparagus) azureus Hull, 1949 (ssp. scrupeus Stuckenberg, 1954a: 406) (Fig. 47) Paragus azureus Hull, 1949: 729 Paragus (Paragus) azurea Stuckenberg, 1954b: 406. (Misspelling). Examined specimens. 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Mohammed Bakreen Farm, 28.i.1983, K.Guichard (KSMA). Distribution. This species was previously recorded for Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Socotra and is further recorded from Aden, Armenia, Egypt, Israel, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and Mozambique and Turkey (as P. azureus ssp. scrupens Stuckenberg), UAE and eastern parts of the Afrotropical region (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Peck 1988; Dirickx 1994; Whittington 2003; Speight 2020; Smit et al. 2017). Remarks. This species was described as, Paragus azureus Hull, 1949. Stuckenberg (1954a) established the subgenus Pandasyopthalmu s in addition to the subgenus Paragus Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth (1980) listed it under P. (Paragus) azureus. After Vujić et al. (2008) established the two subgenera Serratoparagus and Afroparagus, P. (Paragus) azureus was therefore put under P. (Serratoparagus) azureus ., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Hull, F. M. (1949) Studies upon Diptera in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2 (12), 727 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908654020","Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 a) Studies on Paragus, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Revue de Zoologieet de Botanique Africaines, 49 (1 - 2), 97 - 139.","Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 b) The Paragus serratus complex, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Transaction of the Royal Society of London, 105 (17), 393 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00770. x","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Dirickx, H. G. (1994) Atlas des dipteres syrphides de la region mediterraneenne. I'nstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 317 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Smit, J. T. & Gutierrez-Chacon, C. (2008) A new species of the Paragus serratus - group from Yemen. Zoologische Mededelingen, 82 (20), 211 - 216."]}

Paragus (Serratoparagus) binominalis Smit & Gutiérrez-Chacón, 2008 (Figs 48–49) Paragus binominalis Smit and Gutiérrez-Chacón, 2008: 212 Examined specimens. 1♀, Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 26.i–16.ii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); Asir, 1♀, Keratha, El-Ethrebany farm 1–25.v.2013, H.A. Dawah, Malaise trap (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Harob, Wadi Lejab, 1–18.i.2016, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS) Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. This species was described from Yemen and is only known from the type series (Smit et al. 2017). Remarks. This species was described by Smit & Gutiérrez-Chacón, (2008) as P. binominalis. Smit et al. (2017) listed it under P. (Paragus) binominalis. Following Vujić et al. (2008) P. (Paragus) binominalis was therefore put under P. (Serratoparagus) binominalis ., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Smit, J. T. & Gutierrez-Chacon, C. (2008) A new species of the Paragus serratus - group from Yemen. Zoologische Mededelingen, 82 (20), 211 - 216.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612."]}

Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912 (Fig. 37) Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912: 442 Examined specimens. 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 1–25.v.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 20.iv.2013 (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 6–27.vii.2013 (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 11.xii. 2011, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1♂, same locality but 13.i.2012; 1♂, same locality but 10–25.ii.2012; 1♂, same lcality but 24.ii.2013 (Martin Ebejer collection); 1♂, same locality but 6–27.vii.2013 (CERS); 2♂, same locality but 9–30.xii.2013; 1♂, same locality but 5–26.i.2014; Najran, Al-Shurfa, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 7–28.v.2014; 1♂, Jazan, Wadi Lejab, 17.v–8.vi.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2♀, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 3–24.xii.2013, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1♀, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany fruit farm, 19.vi–10.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2♂, same locality but 1–20.i.2014 (NMWC); 2♂, same locality but 23.i–13.iii.2014 (NMWC); 2♂, same locality but 6–27.v.2014 (NMWC). Distribution. This species is recently recorded from Saudi Arabia by El-Hawagry et al. (2019). It was described from Guinea-Bissau and is further recorded from Sudan (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Whittington 2003). Smit et al. (2017) record E. vestitus for the first time from the UAE and Yemen. Genus Eupeodes Osten Sacken Species of the genus Eupeodes are widely distributed in all zoogeographical regions except Australasian has approximately 95 species mostly in the Palaearctic and Neotropical regions (Jilong et al. 1997; Jilong et al. 1998; Mazánek et al. 1999). The hoverflies of the genus Eupeodes have yellowish transverse banding or interrupted banding on the abdomen, which gives them a wasp-like appearance (de Meutter van 2009). Their eyes are bare and the sides of the abdomen have a well-defined ridge. The distribution of areas of microtrichia on wings is of diagnostic importance when separating species. The species of this genus play a very important role in the ecosystem as adults help in cross-pollination and larvae are biological control agents for reducing pest insects since the larvae feed on aphids injurious to different crops (Stubbs & Falk 2002; Turk et al. 2015a). The majority of Eupeodes feed on aphids on trees, shrubs and herbs. Eupeodes is also previously known by its junior synonym Metasyrphus Matsumura., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1912) Ditteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea durante I l suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte Ia: Syrphidae. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale Genova, 45, 400 - 443.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Al Dhafer, H. M. & Abdel-Dayem, M. S. (2019) On the fly fauna of the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records from Riyadh region, with a list of associated fly species and zoogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 53 (1 - 2), 17 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1568601","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Jilong, H., Chuntian, Z. & Xingquan, S. (1997) A new species of Eupeodes (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Iiaoning. Journal of Shanghai Agriculture College, 15 (2), 125 - 127.","Jilong, H., Qingxi, L., Xingquan, S. & Bao, K. C. X. (1998) A study of Chinese Eupeodes with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 41 (3), 291 - 298.","Mazanek, L., Laska, P. & Bicik, V. (1999) Two new Palaearctic species of Eupeodes similar to E. bucculatus (Diptera: Syrphidae). Volucella, Stuttgart, 4, 1 - 9.","Stubbs, A. E. & Falk, S. J. (2002) British Hoverflies. British Entomological and Natural History Society, Henry Ling Ltd, Dorset, 469 pp.","Turk, J. K., Memon, N., Mal, B., Memon, S. A., Shah, M. A. & Solangi, D. A. (2015 a) Redescription of two species of genus Eupeodes Osten-Sacken from Quetta Balochistan, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25 (5), 1329 - 1334."]}

Sphaerophoria bengalensis Macquart, 1842 (Figs 58–59) Sphaerophoria bengalensis Macquart, 1842: 104. Examined specimens. 1♂, 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Al-Uyaynah, 45 Km. W. Al-Riyadh, Ashahwan farm, 27.ii.2008, Ashahrany, alfalfa (KSMA); 1♂, Al-Riyadh, Al-Kharj, 80 km. S. Al-Riyadh, 3.iv.1982, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♂, Al-Riyadh, Al-Wusayl, 45km. N. Al-Riyadh, Al-Mosa farm, 7.xi.2007, Al-Bahrany (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but Ashahwan farm, 27.ii.2008, S. Ashamrany, Alfalfa (KSMA); 1♂, Al-Riyadh, Al-Kharj, 80 km. S. Al-Riyadh, 8.iii.1982, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Dirab Educational Farm of King Saud University, 31.iii.1987 (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 29.x.1989 (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 25.xi.1989 (KSMA). Distribution. The species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Shalaby (1962) as S. menthastri (L.), while Martin (1972) and Abu-Thuraya (1982) recorded it as S. turkmenica Bańkowska, 1964. It was described from India (Bengale) and is further recorded from the Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Iran, Caucasus (North), China, Korea, and Japan, Turkmenistan; Oriental Region: India, Nepal, Pakistan, Punjab (Peck 1988; Subhan & Shah 2016; Ghorpadé 2009; 2014; Sengupta et al. 2016). In the Arabian Peninsula this species recorded from Oman and UAE (Smit et al. 2017). Remarks. Ghorpadé (2009: 11) reported that the descriptions and figures of S. turkmenica in Bańkowska (1964) and Knutson (1973) are identical to S. bengalensis and it was therefore established as being a junior synonym (see also Smit et al. 2017). The adults of S. bengalensis are pollinators while their larvae feed on different species of Aphididae, some Psyllidae and Lepidoptera larvae (Rojo et al. 2003)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200.","Shalaby, F. (1962) Contribution to the insect fauna of Saudi Arabia. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt, 46, 339 - 342.","Martin, H. E. (1972) Report to the Government of Saudi Arabia on Research in Plant Protection, based on the work of H. E. Martin. FAO entomologist, Rome, 38 pp.","Abu-Thuraya, N. H. (1982) General Survey, Agricultural in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water. Agriculture Research Department of Plant Protection, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 326 pp.","Bankowska, R. (1964) Studien uber die palaarktischen Arten der Gattung Spaerophoria St. Farg. Et Serv. (Diptera: Syrphidae). Annales Zoologici Instytut Zoologiczny, Polska Akademia Nauk. Warszawa, 22 (15), 285 - 353.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Subhan, F. & Shah, M. (2016) Taxonomic study of genus Sphaerophoria Le Peletier et Serville (Diptera: Syrphidae) with three species from Northern Dry Mountains region of Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4 (4), 1192 - 1198.","Ghorpade, K. (2009) Freidberg, A. (1988) Some nomenclatural notes on Indian Subregion Syrphini (Diptera: Syrphidae). Colemani, 15, 3 - 13.","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30.","Sengupta, J., Naskar, A., Maity, A., Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, E., Banerjee, D. & Ghosh, S. (2016) An updated distributional account of Indian Hover flies (insect: Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 4 (6), 381 - 396.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Rojo, S., Gilbert, F., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Nieto, J. M. & Mier, M. P. (2003) A world review of predatory hoverflies (Diptera; Syrphidae: Syrphinae) and their prey. CIBIO ediciones, Alicante, 319 pp."]}

Syritta latitarsata Macquart, 1842 (Fig. 66) Syritta latitarsata Macquart, 1842: 135 Examined specimens. 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Aarda, 12.iii.2012, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany fruit farm 2–24.xii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Abdullah & H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded for Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Senegal. It is known from Afrotropical Region: Angola, Gambia, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, UAE and Yemen; Palaearctic Region: Egypt, Israel and Pakistan (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Dirickx 1998; Whittington 2003; Lyneborg & Barkemeyer 2005; Smit et al. 2017; Speight 2020). Remarks. This easily recognized species is the only species of the latitarsata species-group occurring in large areas of the Afrotropical region but apparently not in the central area and East Africa (Lyneborg & Barkemeyer 2005). It can be differentiated from all its congeners by all the tarsomeres of the hind legs being broadened and flattened (Lyneborg & Barkemeyer 2005). Hoverflies not identified to the species level Taxa that were recorded in this study and could not be identified to species level are listed below. These specimens could be made available to subsequent workers who wish to revise the family or particular genus. Genus Eumerus, Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Macquart, J. (1842) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. M e moires de la Societe des Science, de I'Agriculture et des Arts a- Lille, 4, 1841 (1), 65 - 200.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Dirickx, H. G. (1998) Catalogue synonymique et geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la region afrotropicale. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 187 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Lyneborg, L. & Barkemeyer, W. (2005) A world revision of the genus Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, 1828 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Entomonograph, 15, 1 - 224.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp."]}

Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794) (Fig. 18) Syrphus megacephalus Rossi, 1794: 63 Examined specimens. 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Al Aziziyah, 20.iv.1980, sweeping, A. Talhouk (KSMA); 2♂, 2♀, same locality but 28.iv.1980 (KSMA); 2♂, 3♀, same locality but 20.ii.1980 (KSMA); 1♂, 3♀, same locality but 15.x.1984 (KSMA); 3♂, 3♀, same locality but 14.xi.1984 (KSMA); 2♂, 3♀, same locality but 30.iv.1982 (KSMA); 2♂, 2♀, same locality but 8.i.1985 (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 15.ii.1981 (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 16.v.1977 (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 21.ix.1977 (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 20.ix.1980 (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 16.vi.1977, El-Taher (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 20.ii.1980 (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 20.ii.1980, A. Madi (KSMA); 1♂, 2♀, same locality but 15.ii.1981, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 16.v.1977 (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 2.v.1981 (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 20.ix. 1980, R. Abu-Zoherah (KSMA); 1♀, same locality but 16.v.1977 (KSMA); 1♂, 1♀, same locality but 15.ii.1981 (KSMA); 1♂, same locality but 18.i.1976, clover, Al Ahmady (KSMA); 2♀, same locality but 10.v.2007 (KSMA); 2♂, 3♀, Al Kharj, 80km. S. Al-Riyadh, 28.x.1980, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♂, Al-Riyadh, Dirab, Educaton Farm of King Saud University, 24.ii.1987, Amr (KSMA). Distribution. Smit et al. (2017: 578) stated that the material relating to E. megacephalus which is recorded by Walker & Pittaway (1987) from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is in fact E. tabanoides. Therefore, this is the first correct record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from Italy and further recorded from the Afrotropical Region: South Africa, United Arab Emirates and Yemen; Palaearctic Region: southern Spain, Rhone delta in France and coastal parts of Italy round the Mediterranean basin (including islands, e.g. Corsica, Malta, Sicily, Crete) to Turkey and on into Algeria, Egypt, Iran and Kuwait (Dirickx 1984; Whittington 2003; Naderloo et al. 2011; Sengupta et al. 2016; Smit et al. 2017; Speight 2020; Mebarkia et al. 2020). Remarks. The larvae and puparia of E. megacephalus were described by Pérez-Bañóni et al. (2003b) for the first time, including new morphological characters of the thoracic respiratory process. E. megacephalus is a fast flying species around tall waterside vegetation and it prefers open ground and freshwater; canal and riverside situations in open country; and coastal lagoons (Speight 2020)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Rossi, P. (1794) Mantissa Insectorumexhinens species nuper in Etruria collectas. 2. Adiectis Faunae Etruscae illustrationibus ac emendationibus. Ex typ. Polloni, Pisis (Pisa), 154 pp.","Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologia carniolica exhibens insect carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Vindobonae (Vienna), [30] + 420 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119976","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Walker, D. H. & Pittaway, A. R. (1987) Insects of Eastern Arabia. Textbook. published by Macmillan Publishers Ltd., London, 175 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Naderloo, M., Pashaei, S. & Taghaddosi, M. V. (2011) Faunistic study on hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the eastern part of Zanjan province, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 4 (4), 313 - 323.","Sengupta, J., Naskar, A., Maity, A., Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, E., Banerjee, D. & Ghosh, S. (2016) An updated distributional account of Indian Hover flies (insect: Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 4 (6), 381 - 396.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Mebarkia, N., Neffar, S., Djellab, S., Ricarte, A. & Chenchouni, H. (2020) New records, distribution and phynology of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in semi-ared habitats in northeastern Algeria. Oriental Insects. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2020.1749906","Jaennicke, F. (1867) Neue exotische Dipteren. Abhandlungen herausgestellt von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 6, 311 - 407."]}

Monoceromyia pulchra (Hervé-Bazin, 1913) (Fig. 44) Cerioides pulchra Hervé-Bazin, 1913: 91 Examined specimens. 1♂, Taif, Wadi Majarish, 12.ii.1983, sweeping, K. Guichard (KSMA). Distribution. This species was previously recorded for Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Zaire and also recorded from the Afrotropical Regions: Nigeria, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and Zambia (Smith & Vockeroth 1980). Genus Paragus Latreille There are approximately 100 species of Paragus worldwide most of these found in the Palaearctic region (Thompson 2004). Paragus are thermophilous but most species prefer xerothermic conditions (van Veen 2004). Vujić et al. (2008) established two new subgenera within the genus Paragus. These are Serratoparagus Vujić & Radenkovićé and Afroparagus Vujić & Radenkovićé. With the addition of existing subgenera Paragus Latreille and Pandasyopthalmus Stuckenberg, therefore Paragus consists of four subgenera. These divisions are based on molecular data and the data set of morphological characters including some features of the male terminalia not previously used in the systematics of the Paragini. Most species of Paragus are very variable, sometimes difficult to identify and easily confused with one another, and characters of the genitalia are essential for species identification. The species of the subgenus Pandasyopthalmus are difficult to identify, differing mainly in the structure of the male genitalia. Stuckenberg (1954a) was the first to describe the intraspecific variability in the structure of the male genitalia in some species of the subgenus Pandasyopthalmus. The females of most of these species can be identified only based on the characters of the accompanying males (Stuckenberg 1954 a, b). The larvae of all the species of Paragus are known to be predators of aphids and can be used in biological control of plant pests (Coe 1953). Paragus normally fly very close to the ground (Speight 2020)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Herve-Bazin, J. (1913) Syrphidae (Diptera) recueillis au Congo belge par le Dr J. Beauaert. 1. Genre Eumerus Meigen. Revue de Zoologique Africaines 3, 68 - 84.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Thompson, F. C. (2004) Biosystemtic database of world diptera. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / Diptera / biosys. htm (accessed 30 August 2020)","van Veen, M. P. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004274495","Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 a) Studies on Paragus, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Revue de Zoologieet de Botanique Africaines, 49 (1 - 2), 97 - 139.","Coe, R. L. (1953) Diptera Syrphidae. Handbooks for the identification of British insects. 10 (1). Royal Entomological Society of London, London, 98 pp.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp."]}

Eumerus incilis Smit in Smit et al. (2017) (Fig. 28) Eumerus incilis Smit in Smit et al. (2017): 586 Examined specimens. 1♂, 3♀, Najran, Al-Shurfa, 7–28.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2♂, 1♀, same locality but 13–30.iii.2013 (NMWC); 1♀, same locality but 8–24.iv.2013 (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 1–19.vii.2013 (NMWC); 1♀, same locality but 5–26.i.2014 (NMWC); 1♀, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 5–26.i.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species is the first record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from Yemen and is further recorded from United Arab Emirates (Smit et al. 2017)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612."]}

Betasyrphus adligatus (Wiedemann, 1824) (Figs 10–12) Syrphus adligatus Wiedemann, 1824: 35 Examined specimens. 1♀, Fifa, Jebel Fifa, Al-Abacia, 19.xi.1981, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA); 1♀, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Menhel, 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CRES); 1♀, same locality but 1–25.v.2013 (CERS); 1♂, 1♀, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), Malaise trap, 3.vi. 2001, H.A. Dawah and M.A. Abdullah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded for Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from South Africa. It is widespread in the Afrotropical Region: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritania, Tanzania and Zaire (Smith & Vockeroth, 1980; Whittington 2003) and Yemen (Smit et al. 2017). Genus Ceriana Rafinesque Ceriana contains 55 species and is found in all regions except the Neotropics (Thompson 2013). Ricarte et al. (2007b) described and compared the puparia of 10 species of the tribe Cerioidini: three species of Monoceromyia, two species of Ceriana Rafinesque; four species of Polybiomyia Shanon; and one species of Sphiximorpha Rondani. They found that all the species studied possessed the diagnostic characters for the tribe but there is no correlation of characters in early stages. They concluded that early stages did not form groups based on shared characters. They reared the larvae of these species from tree sap, tree holes, the liquid centre of a cut agave (Agavaceae) and bee nests (Hymenoptera: Apidae). From their field observations of larvae and their breeding site they suggested that there are functional explanations for some morphological features., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi Maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat (\" Analecta entomologica \"). eregio typoguapheo scholarum, Kiliae (Kiel), 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77322","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Thompson, F. C. (2013) A new afrotropical Cerioidine flower fly with an overview of the group (Ditera: Syrphidae: Cerioidini). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 149, 71 - 77.","Ricarte, A., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Rotheray, G. E. & Hancock, E. G. (2007 b) The early stages and breeding sites of 10 Cerioidine flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (6), 914 - 924. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [914: TESABS] 2.0. CO; 2"]}

Eumerus punctifrons Loew, 1857 (Fig. 36) Eumerus punctifrons Loew, 1857: 85 Examined specimens. 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village 11.xii.2011 – 13.i.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, Najran, Al-Shurfa, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from Syria and further recorded from Afghanistan, Algeria, Cape Verde Islands, Morocco, Tunisia (Peck 1988; Ghorpadé 2014), Yemen and UAE (Dirickx 1994; Smit et al. 2017)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Loew, H. (1857) Nachricht uber syrische Dipteren. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 7, 79 - 86.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30.","Dirickx, H. G. (1994) Atlas des dipteres syrphides de la region mediterraneenne. I'nstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 317 pp.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612."]}

Genus Ischiodon Sack The genus Ischiodon comprises four species with quite distinct distributions namely: I. feae (Bezzi) (Cape Verde Islands), I. aegyptius (Wiedemann) (Africa and southern Europe), I. scutellaris (Fabricius) (Oriental and Australasian Region) and I. astales Mengual 2018 (Africa) (Láska et al. 2006; Mengual 2018). The species of Ischiodon have a strong resemblance to the genus of the single species Simosyrphus Bigot, with which it has often been confused (e.g. Bryan, 1934). Species of both genera have been previously placed under one another several times (Mengual 2015) despite some important differences in the male genitalia (Vockeroth 1969). The generic key by Vockeroth (1969: 40) can be used to identify both genera. A synonymy of both genera was proposed by Láska et al. (2006) based on larval and pupal morphology, supported by a molecular study. Mengual et al. (2018) reported that the current evidence from molecular characters supports the generic rank of Ischiodon and Simosyrphus. The species of Ischiodon are predatory syrphids with an important role in the bio-control of aphid pests in different areas of the world (Láska et al. 2006; also for more references)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Laska, P., Perez-Banon, C., Mazanek, L., Rojo, S., Stahls, G., Marcos-Garcia, M. A., Bicik, V. & Dusek, J. (2006) Taxonomy of the genera Scaeva, Simosyrphus and Ischiodon (Diptera: Syrphidae): Descriptions of immature stages and status of taxa. European Journal of Entomology, 103, 637 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2006.085","Bryan, E. H. (1934) A review of the Hawaiian Diptera, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 8, 399 - 468.","Vockeroth, J. R. (1969) Arevisionof the genera of the Syrphini (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 62, 1 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10162 fv","Mengual, X., Stahls, G., Laska, P., Mazanek, L. & Rojo, S. (2018) Molecular phylogenetics of the predatory lineage of flower flies Eupeodes scaeva (Diptera: Syrphidae), with the description of the Neotropical genus Austroscaeva gen. nov. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 56 (2), 148 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12212"]}

Eumerus aurifrons (Wiedemann, 1824) (Fig. 23) Pipiza aurifrons Wiedemann, 1824: 32 Examined specimens. 1♂, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 1–15.xii.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, same locality but 10–15.x.2012; 1♂, Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 16.iv–6.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–19.ii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 10–15.x.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, same locality but 1– 15.xii.2012; 8♂, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany fruit farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. It was described from India orient (it is the East Indies which consists of the East Indian Archipelago and some people would include the Spice Islands, the Philippines, Celebes and Borneo also but we do not know the exact country from which this species was described. Widespread in Afrotropical Region: Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, Tanzania; Oriental Region: Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Malaya, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka; Nearctic Region: Paraguay; Australasian Region: Sumbawa (Knustson et al. 1975; Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Whittington 2003; Ghorpadé 2014; Sengupta et al. 2016; Garcete-Barrett et al. 2020)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi Maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat (\" Analecta entomologica \"). eregio typoguapheo scholarum, Kiliae (Kiel), 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77322","Knustson, L. V., Thompson F. C. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1975) Family Syrphidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. II. Suborder Brachycera through Division Aschiza, Suborder Cyclorrhapha. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 307 - 347.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Ghorpade, K. (2014) An updated Check-list of the Hover-flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded in the Indian subcontinent. Colemania, 44, 1 - 30.","Sengupta, J., Naskar, A., Maity, A., Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, E., Banerjee, D. & Ghosh, S. (2016) An updated distributional account of Indian Hover flies (insect: Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 4 (6), 381 - 396.","Garcete-Barrett, B. R., Morales, M. N., Hauser, M., Smit, J. T., Gonzalez, L., De Lopoz, M. B. R., Arias, O., Adorno, M., Sormanti, G. & Mereles, A. (2020) New geographical records and key to the species of Eumerus Meigen, 1823 (Diptera: Syrphidae) introduced into Americas and Hawaii. Revista Brasileira de Entomologica, 64 (1), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1806 - 9665 - rbent- 2019 - 0016"]}

Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) cf. naso Stuckenberg, 1954a (Figs 70–71) Paragus naso Stuckenberg, 1954a: 128. Examined specimens. 1♂, Najran, Alshurfa, 20.i.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. The taxon was described from Kenya and is further recorded from Tanzania. Remarks. Smit et al. (2017) examined both sexes including the dissected male genitalia of material originating from Yemen, which was closely related to P. naso and compared them with the original description of P. naso, but they concluded that none of the specimens fit the original description perfectly. They took into account a further similar species, P. nasutus Bezzi from Tanzania and Ethiopia (including Eritrea), of which the description is inadequate for recognition and of which they could not examine types. Therefore, they recorded the species they had as ‘cf. naso’. Of the Najran male we therefore compared its terminalia with that of Stuckenberg’s 1954a:129, fig. 34 of the terminalia in profile. The metric comparison made is the measurement of Stuckenberg’s figure using a millimetre ruler as against the measurement of the Najran specimen using an eyepiece graticule. The principle difference lies in the surstylus, which in the Najran specimen has a right-angled truncate apex, whereas in Stuckenberg’s figure it is an obliquely roundedly truncate, resembling a beak. Also the length of the surstylus as against the length of the epandrium in the Najran specimen is in a ratio of 9:15, whereas in Stuckenberg’s figure it is 21:22. In the Najran specimen the fine setulae on the sternites are yellow (not mentioned in the original description). Perhaps these differences are due to morphologically different populations from different geographical regions. Stuckenberg 1954a:108, figs 10–13 depicts a more profoundly different structure in the male genitalia of P. longiventris, which is a widely-distributed and often common species found throughout sub-Saharan Africa and also reported from Yemen., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 a) Studies on Paragus, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Revue de Zoologieet de Botanique Africaines, 49 (1 - 2), 97 - 139.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612."]}

Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun, 1926 (Figs 25–27) Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun, 1926: 297 Examined specimens. 1♂, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaity Fruit Farm, 22.iv. 2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, same locality but 15.x–30.xi.2004 (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Abu-Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 22.iv.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, 1♀, Jazan, Farasan Island, Aziz Yousef Village, 2–15.iii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC); 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 14–28.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. E. cistanchei was described from Egypt and is further recorded from Israel and United Arab Emirates (Peck 1988; Smit et al. 2017). Remarks. This species was reared from the stems of Cistanche phelypae (L.) Cout. (Orobanchaceae), which is an obligate parasitic plant used locally as food (Dirickx 1994). E. cistanchei could be associated with C. phelypae (Table 2) which is recorded from Jazan, Farasan Island by Rahman et al. (2002) and from Jazan mainland by Masrahi (2012) but this needs confirmation as there is no record of E. cistanchei being reared from C. phelypae in Saudi Arabia., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Efflatoun, B. H. C. (1926) Further notes on Egyptian Syrphidae with description of a new species. Bulletin Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 19, 295 - 304.","Peck, L. V. (1988) Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae- Conopidae. Vol. 8. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 230.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Dirickx, H. G. (1994) Atlas des dipteres syrphides de la region mediterraneenne. I'nstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 317 pp.","Rahman, M. A., Al-Said, M. S., Mossa, J. S., Al-Yahya, M. A. & Al-Hemaid, M. A. F. (2002) A checklist of Angiosperm flora of Farasan Islands, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5, 1162 - 1166. https: // doi. org / 10.3923 / pjbs. 2002.1162.1166","Masrahi, Y. S. (2012) The IIIustrated Guide to the Wild Plants of Jazan Region. Copyright the King Fahad National Library, Jeddah, 437 pp. [in Arabia]"]}

Ceriana dilatipes (Brunetti, 1929) (Figs 13–14) Cerioides dilatipes Brunettii, 1929: 15 Examined specimens. 1♂, Taif, Wadi Majarish, 12.ii.1983, sweeping, K. Guichard (KSMA). Distribution. This is the first record for Saudi Arabia. It was described from Zimbabwe (as “ Rhodesia ”) (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Whittington 2003). Genus Chrysotoxum Meigen The genus Chrysotoxum comprises large, wasp-mimicking species (van Veen 2004). Species of the genus Chrysotoxum are widely distributed in all zoogeographical regions except Australasian and the Antarctic with approximately 150 species mostly in the Palaearctic region (Evenhuis et al. 2008; Thompson et al. 2010). The adult flies of European Chrysotoxum species can be found in deciduous and coniferous forests and grasslands (Speight 2020). Larvae are specialized in preying upon root aphids associated with ant nests (Rotheray & Gilbert 2011; Nedeljkovic et al. 2013; Speight 2020)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Brunetti, E. (1929) New African Diptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 4 (19), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673024","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","van Veen, M. P. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004274495","Evenhuis, N. L., Pape, T., Pont, A. C. & Thompson, F. C. (2008) Biosystematic Database of World Diptera, Version 10. 5. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / diptera / biosys. htm (accessed 25 February 2013)","Thompson, F. C., Rotheray, G. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (2010) Syrphidae (Flower flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 763 - 792.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp.","Rotheray, G. E. & Gilbert, F. (2011) The Natural History of Hoverflies. The Blissett Group, London, xiv + 334 pp.","Nedeljkovic, Z., Acanski, J., Vujic, A., Obreht, D., Dan, M., Stahls, G & Radenkovic, S. (2013) Taxonomy of Chrysotoxum festivum Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Syrphidae) - an integrative approach. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 84 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12052"]}

Syritta fasciata (Wiedemann, 1830) (Figs 61–64) Xylota fasciata Wiedemann, 1830: 103 Examined specimens. 1♂, 1♀, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A.Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 7–28.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Abha, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen, 19.vi.–9.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 4♂, Jazan, Harob, Wadi Lejab, 30.xi–17.xii.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Al-Baha, W. Turubah, sweeping, 14.x.2010, H. Al-Dhafer (KSMA); 1♀, Al-Riyadh, Al Aziziyah, 3.xi.1981, A. Talhouk & S. Tilkian (KSMA). Distribution. This species was previously recorded for Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Sudan, and also recorded from other Afrotropical Region: Aldabra, Botswana, Burundi, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, UAE, Uganda, Yemen and Zimbabwe; Palaearctic Region: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Lebanon; Oriental Region: India (Smith & Vockeroth 1980; Dirickx 1998; Whittington 2003; Lyneborg & Barkemeyer 2005, Sengupta et al. 2016; Smit et al. 2017; Speight 2020). Remarks. Lyneborg & Barkemeyer (2005: 98) have discussed the status of S. fasciata and have presented a redescription of both sexes and useful information on its distribution. This species is a member of the pipiens speciesgroup. Lyneborg & Barkemeyer (2005) treated Syritta subtilis Becker as a synonym of S. fasciata. They reported that S. fasciata is very closely related to S. pipiens, differing from it mainly in characters requiring male genital dissection. They believe that S. pipiens and S. fasciata may interbreed and they are sympatric in their distribution in Israel and India (Lyneborg & Barkemeyer 2005)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James, 2020, An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4855 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4411181, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) s. n. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten [concl.]. Hamm, 2, i-xii + 1 - 684.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510.","Dirickx, H. G. (1998) Catalogue synonymique et geographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la region afrotropicale. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 187 pp.","Whittington, A. E. (2003) The Afrotropical Syrphidae fauna: an assessment. Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 579 - 607.","Lyneborg, L. & Barkemeyer, W. (2005) A world revision of the genus Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, 1828 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Entomonograph, 15, 1 - 224.","Sengupta, J., Naskar, A., Maity, A., Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, E., Banerjee, D. & Ghosh, S. (2016) An updated distributional account of Indian Hover flies (insect: Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 4 (6), 381 - 396.","Smit, J. T., van Harten, A. & Ketelaar, R. (2017) Order Diptera, family Syrphidae the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula. In: van Harten, A. (Eds.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 6. Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, pp. 572 - 612.","Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp."]}