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Trees in the production systems can effectively reduce hot weather-induced stress in the Brazilian Midwest. High temperatures cause changes in animals daily routine, and trees into pastures can promote benefits. The aim of this research was to evaluate the behavior of dairy heifers in silvopastoral systems in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A herd of 24 crossbreed heifers (3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Zebu), 350kg average weight, was evaluated over three seasons. Piatã grass was managed under three shade levels: full-sun, moderate-shade, and intensive-shade provided by 10 to 12m high Eucalyptus trees. Behavior data were collected every 15 minutes from 8:30h to 16h. Shade availability significantly impacted heifer behavior, mainly affecting grazing frequency and time during the hottest hours. Grazing behavior was affected by shade levels during the different seasons. Heifers showed preferred grazing times. Heifers in the intensive-shade system visited shady areas during the hottest hours throughout the seasons. Heifers in the full sun-system avoided grazing during the warmer times, ceasing feeding activities. Our results from the Brazilian Midwest showed that shade availability causes breed heifers to change their daily routine. RESUMO: A presença de árvores em sistemas de produção animal pode reduzir o estresse provocado pelo calor no centro-oeste brasileiro. As altas temperaturas induzem a uma mudança na rotina dos animais e, as árvores dentro da pastagem podem promover benefícios. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento de novilhas leiteiras em sistemas integrados no Mato Grosso, Brasil. Um grupo de 24 novilhas cruzadas (3/4 e 5/8 Holandês: Gir) de 350kg foi avaliado em três estações do ano. O capim piatã foi manejado sob três níveis de sombreamento: pleno sol e sombreamentos moderado e intenso promovidos por eucaliptos com 12m de altura. O comportamento das novilhas foi medido a cada 15 minutos entre 8h30min às 16h. A disponibilidade de sombra modificou o padrão de comportamento das novilhas, afetando a frequência e o tempo de pastejo nas horas mais quentes do dia. O comportamento de pastejo foi afetado pelos níveis de sombra e, variou nas diferentes estações do ano. As novilhas em sistemas com sombreamento intenso procuraram pela sombra nas horas mais quentes do dia durante as três estações do ano avaliadas. Já, as novilhas nas condições de pastagem a pleno sol, não pastejaram durante as horas mais quentes do dia, pois interrompiam suas atividades e permaneciam inativas durante grande período do dia. A disponibilidade de sombra induz novilhas cruzadas a mudarem sua rotina diária nas condições do Centro-Oeste brasileiro.

The behaviour of ostrich chicks bred in captivity was studied by using groups with 30 birds in five age groups: from 10 to 40 days of age; from 41 to 60 days of age; from 61 to 90 days of age; from 91 to 120 days of age and from 121 to 150 days of age. Six birds at each age were ringed around one of their feet and observed for four consecutive days for eight hours daily in three periods (in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon), following the "one-zero" method for sampling. The order for observation of behaviour of the six selected birds was performed randomly at every thirty minutes, totalling 16 periods or 80 minutes/bird/day. Fourteen types of behaviour were observed. There were differences among ages for behaviour like standing, walking, running, ingesting stones, ingesting feces, picking and attacking. Non-parametric-tests were used to analyse the behaviour according to age of the bird and to the periods of the day. There was a statistical difference between in the morning and at noon periods on behaviours standing, walking, eating ration and in litophagia, which were observed more frequently at the first hours of the day. When periods of the morning and afternoon were compared, the birds' age had a significant effect on behaviour sand bathing. When the periods noon/afternoon were compared, the behaviours which presented significant differences were walking, running, drinking water, eating ration, litophagia, coprophagia, dancing, sand bathing, whose occurrence was the highest during dusk. It was observed that the behaviour of young ostriches diverge according to the age and to day period.

1. This study was conducted to verify the impact of different kinds of material and the number of times of litter reuse on the incidence of chicken pathologies. Approximately 4·5 million broilers from conventional Brazilian farms were evaluated in the abattoir for cellulitis, arthritis and contact foot-pad dermatitis. 2. Four different kinds of litter material, Brachiaria grass, corncob, sawdust and rice shell, were used. Brachiaria grass litter showed the highest incidence of contact foot-pad dermatitis. Corncob litter also showed some negative effects on foot quality. Broilers raised on rice shell litter showed good results in terms of the incidence of contact foot-pad dermatitis. The best results were obtained with sawdust litter, because the incidence of cellulitis and arthritis were the lowest and the incidence of contact foot-pad dermatitis was also very low.