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During 30 days, the effects of millet grain regimen on performance indicators and blood metabolites in growing pigs were studied. A total of 40 Topigs pigs with similar age (81±3d) and weight (13.58±0.36 kg) were divided into two groups: control (C), based on the corn-triticale (25%)- soybean meal and experimental (M, where the millet replaces triticale). The production parameters and plasma samples were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Spotchem EZ SP-4430 analyzer from Arkray-Japan was used to assess the blood lipid, protein, enzyme, and mineral profiles. We noticed that the M diet maintains appropriate performance (33.22 vs. 31.30 final BW; 0.646 vs. 0.608 average daily gain; 1.39 vs. 1.29 average daily feed intake and, respectively 0.46 vs. 0.47 Gain: Feed ratio) and plasma metabolic profile with the C diet (P>0.05). In conclusion, the 25% millet added to the growing pigs' diet did not affect the performance indicators or body health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the widespread raising of swine in farms becomes a serious problem in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), having an environmental impact. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different diets on growth parameters changes in physical size, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and microclimate monitoring. For 28 days, 7 TOPIGS sows (average initial body weight, BW ~ 205.09 kg) were allotted in two dietary treatments: control (C diet, 1.6% soybean oil) and experimental (E diet), (with 1.6% hemp oil). The type of oil differed by their fatty acids (FA) composition. Sows were individually weighed, P2 backfat thickness was determined by ultrasound and morphometric measurements of body size were taken three times during lactation. The CO2 emitted by sows and their litter was calculated. Microclimate parameters were recorded daily. The addition of 1.6% hemp oil in the diet improved sows final body weight and reduced weight loss (P<0.05). A high significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between PUFA intake, and their fraction (Σ n-3, Σ n-6, Linolenic and Linoleic as predominant n-3 and n-6 FA). The proportion of CO2 exhalated by sows fed E diet was significantly lower compared to C diet. The CO2 emission, temperature and relative humidity were affected (P<0.001) by the sows’ physiological status. The results from this study are indicating that the hemp oil inclusion in the sow's diet has a beneficial effect on performance. Further studies are necessary to determine the nutrition impact on environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary hemp seed (HS) influence on sow milk composition and piglets' performances. Ten sows were assigned randomly, to a control group (CL) with classical diets, and an experimental group (HSL) fed with 5% HS. Their litter (N=96) were divided in two groups: HH/CH with 1.5% HS and CC/HC without HS. The HS antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method, phenolic compound by Folin-Ciocalteu, cannabinoid by colorimetry. Milk and colostrum samples from sow were collected manually. Gas chromatography was used to determine milk fatty acids (FA) composition. Colostrum and sow milk content of protein was determined by biuret reaction and lactose concentration was determined using phosphomolybdenic reagent. The lipid specimen was heated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Then vanillin and phosphoric acid are added to yield a pink coloured product which has been measured at 530 nm and quantified using a triolein standard. Milk yield (MY) was calculated. Average daily gain (ADG) of piglets at 0 to 7 d (days) was higher (P= 0.001) for HC/HH group and tended to be higher for HC/HH group at 0-21 d. Milk yield calculated at peak lactation was > 2.1-fold in HSL group than in CL group. The diets tend to influence milk fat content, whereas the day had a significantly higher influence for protein and lactose. The n-3-rich diet favours milk deposition of a- linolenic FA (ALA), linoleic FA (LA) and total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). This led to a significantly lower n- 6:n-3 ratio in milk of HSL group. Docosahexaenoic FA (DHA) increased 1.87 and 2.33-fold at 0-7 d and 0-21 d in HSL group. We can conclude that HS altered beneficially milk FA associated with litter performance. Significantly positively correlated with MY, milk constituents declined in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary protein levels and two protein-oleaginous sources on carcass fatty acids (FA) composition in broilers at 42 d. Cobb 500 broiler chicks (n=1200) were randomly divided in 6 groups with 4 replications per treatment. Broilers were fed 6 different isocaloric diets in a 3 x 2 factorial design with 3 levels of protein [medium protein (MP), high (HP) and low (LP)] and 2 protein-oleaginous sources (camelina cake, CC and canola meal, CM). The proportion of CC and CM in broiler diets was 80 g/kg. The FA composition of carcass was determined by gas chromatography. The higher level of n-3 PUFA, especially ALA in CC compared to CM was reflected in carcass fraction n-3 PUFA composition, whatever the protein level. This effect is associated with the presence of long chain n-3 FA (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic) in carcass fraction. In addition, the use of CC decreased significantly n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of carcass fraction (3.28:1 in CC diets vs. 6.65:1 in CM diets), with real benefits for human health. The chemical composition of carcass fraction was not influenced significantly by the protein level and sources. The dietary protein level had no significant effect on FA composition of carcass fraction. In conclusion, the results showed that LP diets can ensure similar carcass quality and FA profile than HP or MP diets. Our study highlight that the camelina cakes is more valuable dietary source of n-3 PUFA for broilers than canola meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The metabolic response of pigs to nutritional treatment was highlighted in a variety of ways. Since the literature related to the effects of an n-3-rich diet on product quality have shown a number of health advantages, one of the next steps could be the consideration of the relation between an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diet and nutrient metabolism with a focus on nitrogen as an important indicator of protein synthesis and degradation. It is important to understand how unconventional diets affect the environment with respect to consumer demand regarding the quality of products and the health status of animals. Therefore, novel compound feed formulas to improve feeding efficiency by decreasing the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio are needed. However, it is assumed that by changing the fatty acid profile, certain plasma or tissue parameters could be directly affected as well. In our study, we modified the n-6:n-3 ratio in different barrow tissues by the dietary addition of extruded linseed associated with walnut meal employing a mixture of 50:50 (wt/wt) n-3 fatty acids as dietary enrichment. This paper also gives information about the influence of extruded linseed/walnut meal mixture on performance and nitrogen metabolism in barrows. We investigated changes in nitrogen metabolism and chemical, fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition in tissues (longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles, heart, spleen, liver and cecum) following the dietary addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal (50:50 mix). Plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined as well. Two trials were designed using barrows (five replicates) allotted in two groups [(control, (SM) and experimental, (LEW))] in metabolic cages. The experimental diet rich in n-3 FA led to a significant increase of retained nitrogen (>8.09% in the LEW group). The biological value of feed protein was 14.8% higher in the LEW group than in the SM group. LD muscles from the SM group and liver from the LEW group had greater nitrogen contents, whereas the heart and spleen had lower concentrations of nitrogen in the LEW group. Diet had a pronounced effect on n-3 FA, particularly on α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) (p < 0.0001). The highest levels of ALA were recorded in the cecum (>6.06 times in LEW) and heart (>5.44 times in LEW). The highest level of lysine was noticed in the LD muscle (>2.1% in SM). An n-3-rich diet significantly reduced the amount of nitrogen excreted; greater than 40% nitrogen was retained, thus improving the meat composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]