1. Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar
- Author
-
Marcia C. Castro, Gauthier N. Emile, Romain Girod, Christopher D. Golden, Benjamin L. Rice, Hervet J. Randriamady, Nicholas J. Arisco, Luciano Michaël Tantely, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University [Cambridge], Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Madagascar Health and Environmental Research [Maroantsetra, Madagascar] (MAHERY), and We are grateful for the support from the United States Agency for International Development (Grant AID-FFP-A-14-00,008) implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in consortium with four local implementing partners in Madagascar. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. GeoStore funds provided by Airbus Defense & Space (Grant AH08211501).
- Subjects
Male ,Environmental change ,Range (biology) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Distribution (economics) ,MESH: Madagascar ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Aged, 80 and over ,Risk Factors ,Planetary health ,MESH: Demography ,MESH: Risk Factors ,MESH: Child ,Disease ecology ,MESH: Animals ,MESH: Ecosystem ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Land use change ,Aged, 80 and over ,MESH: Aged ,2. Zero hunger ,MESH: Middle Aged ,biology ,Multilevel model ,Anopheles ,Middle Aged ,MESH: Infant ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,MESH: Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,MESH: Mosquito Vectors ,Adult ,MESH: Socioeconomic Factors ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: Malaria ,Mosquito Vectors ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,MESH: Anopheles ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies ,Deforestation ,Environmental health ,Vector-borne disease ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Socioeconomic status ,Ecosystem ,Aged ,Demography ,MESH: Adolescent ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,Research ,MESH: Child, Preschool ,MESH: Animal Distribution ,Infant ,MESH: Adult ,15. Life on land ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,MESH: Male ,Malaria ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Parasitology ,business ,Animal Distribution ,MESH: Female - Abstract
Background Deforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid environmental change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset. Methods The objectives were to assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecologically distinct regions of rural Madagascar. Risk factors were determined using multilevel models for the four regions included in the study. Results The presence of aquatic agriculture (both within and surrounding communities) is the strongest predictive factor of habitats containing Anopheles larvae across all regions. Ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity. Conclusions Risk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.
- Published
- 2020