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Chamuangone is an exotic medicinal compound isolated from Garcinia cowa leaves. It shows great potential against inflammation, neurodegeneration, and oxidation. Through green extraction method, chamuangone-rich rice bran oil (CRBO) containing 1.97 mg/mL of chamuangone was obtained. This research study investigates the therapeutic effects of CRBO on D-galactose- and aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer's disease in rat model. In all, 30 rats were divided into six groups and treated for 42 days as follows: control group (vehicle), disease control group (AlCl3 150 mg/kg + D-galactose 150 mg/kg p.o.), standard group (rivastigmine 3 mg/kg p.o.), and CRBO treatment groups with doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg p.o. Neurobehavioral studies were performed on completion of 42 days. Furthermore, biochemical, neurochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed. CRBO treatment mitigated impairment in neuromuscular coordination, mentation and cognition in behavioral tasks. It potentially recovered (p < 0.001) the declined level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation. Neurochemical analysis revealed the restoration of serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration in the brain after CRBO treatment. Histopathological examination of vital organs revealed recovery in CRBO-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner. Owing to neurotoxic effects of inducing agents, the level of acetylcholinesterase decreased in disease control group; however, CRBO treatment recovered the declined activity of this enzyme. Therefore, it is concluded that CRBO significantly recovered the neurodegenerative effects through multiple pathways, such as amelioration of oxidative stress and neuronal plasticity. Therefore, this innovative green remedy can be considered as a natural alternative for treating neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural bioactive compound chamuangone extracted from Thai salad Garcinia cowa leaves exhibited robust medicinal properties, targeting central oxidative stress pathways, and having neuroprotective potential. Chamuangone-enriched rice bran oil (CERBO), with 1.97 mg/mL chamuangone, was obtained through green extraction. The study was designed to evaluate the anti-Parkinson's activity of CERBO in the haloperidol- induced Parkinsonian rat model. Animals were categorized into six groups as control, disease control and treatment groups. Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms were induced by administration of haloperidol 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; CERBO treatment groups received 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/kg orally before the administration of haloperidol for 21 days. Neurobehavioral, biochemical, neurochemical, and histopathological studies along with gene expression analysis were performed at the completion of the study. CERBO markedly recover the motor and non-motor PD-like symptoms in treatment groups dose-dependently. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase, increased, while malondialdehyde levels decreased dose-dependently in CERBO-treated groups. CERBO dose-dependent elevations were observed in neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline). PD-associated specific biomarker (α-synuclein) decreased dose-dependently with downregulation in messenger RNA expression of neuro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin α, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Histopathological studies revealed recovery in neuronal loss, formation of Lewy's bodies, and neurofibrillary tangles in the treatment groups. It was concluded from the data that CERBO possessed good anti-Parkinson's activity and could be a novel, safe, and effective remedy for the treatment of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]