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This review summarizes the literature published in 2020 that is relevant to the perioperative care of neurosurgical patients and patients with neurological diseases as well as critically ill patients with neurological diseases. Broad topics include general perioperative neuroscientific considerations, stroke, traumatic brain injury, monitoring, anesthetic neurotoxicity, and perioperative disorders of cognitive function., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Despite advances in perioperative neuroscience, there is low interest among anesthesiology trainees to pursue subspecialty training in neuroanesthesiology. We conducted a pilot survey to assess attitudes about neuroanesthesiology fellowship training., Materials and Methods: A confidential survey was distributed to an international cohort of anesthesiology attendings and trainees between January 15, 2017 and February 26, 2017., Results: A total of 463 responses were received. Overall, 309 (67%), 30 (6%), 116 (25%), and 8 (2%) of respondents identified themselves as attendings, fellows, residents, and "other," respectively. In total, 390 (84%) of respondents were from the United States. Individuals typically pursue anesthesiology fellowship training because of interest in the subspecialty, acquisition of a special skill set, and the role of fellowship training in career planning and advancement. Overall, 64% of attendings, 56% of fellows, and 55% of residents favored accreditation of neuroanesthesiology fellowships, although opinion was divided regarding the role of accreditation in increasing interest in the specialty. Respondents believe that increased opportunities for research and greater exposure to neurocritical care and neurological monitoring methods would increase interest in neuroanesthesiology fellowship training. Perceived barriers to neuroanesthesiology fellowship training were perceptions that residency provides adequate training in neuroanesthesiology, that a unique skill set is not acquired, and that there are limited job opportunities available to those with neuroanesthesiology fellowship training., Conclusions: In this pilot survey, we identified several factors that trainees consider when deciding to undertake subspecialty training and barriers that might limit interest in pursuing neuroanesthesiology subspecialty training. Our findings may be used to guide curricular development and identify factors that might increase interest among trainees in pursuing neuroanesthesiology fellowship training., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

This review is intended to provide a summary of the literature pertaining to the perioperative care of neurosurgical patients and patients with neurological diseases. General topics addressed in this review include general neurosurgical considerations, stroke, neurological monitoring, and perioperative disorders of cognitive function.

This review provides a summary of the literature pertaining to the perioperative care of neurosurgical patients and patients with neurological diseases. General topics addressed in this review include general neurosurgical considerations, stroke, traumatic brain injury, neuromonitoring, neurotoxicity, and perioperative disorders of cognitive function.

We provide a synopsis of innovative research, recurring themes, and novel experimental findings pertinent to the care of neurosurgical patients and critically ill patients with neurological diseases. We cover the following broad topics: general neurosurgery, spine surgery, stroke, traumatic brain injury, monitoring, and anesthetic neurotoxicity.

We reviewed manuscripts published in 2016 that are related to the care of neurosurgical patients or the perioperative care of patients with neurological diseases. We address the broad categories of general neurosurgery and neuroanesthesiology, anesthetic neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and nervous system monitoring.

We provide a synopsis of innovative research, recurring themes, and novel experimental findings pertinent to the care of neurosurgical patients and critically ill patients with neurological diseases. The following broad topics are covered: general neurosurgery, spine surgery, stroke, traumatic brain injury, anesthetic neurotoxicity, perioperative cognitive dysfunction, and monitoring.

This survey provides a synopsis of new findings, recurring themes, and data that may initiate practice changes in the perioperative care of neurosurgical patients and critically ill patients with neurological diseases.

We review topics pertinent to the perioperative care of patients with neurological disorders. Our review addresses topics not only in the anesthesiology literature, but also in basic neurosciences, critical care medicine, neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, and internal medicine literature. We include literature published or available online up through December 8, 2013. As our review is not able to include all manuscripts, we focus on recurring themes and unique and pivotal investigations. We address the broad topics of general neuroanesthesia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, anesthetic neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, pharmacology, physiology, and nervous system monitoring.

We provide a review of both clinical and basic science literature from 2012 relevant to care of the patient with neurological disease. Our review addresses the following major areas: general neurosurgical procedures, stroke, traumatic brain injury, spine surgery, anesthetic neurotoxicity, neuroprotective strategies, electrophysiological monitoring, history, and graduate medical education. We have focused on research describing new and innovative concepts and recurring themes. This review is intended to be of interest to those working in the clinical arena and also to neuroscientists.

The year 2012 marks the 40th anniversary of the Society of Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC). To celebrate this occasion, we provide a review, speculative synthesis, and commentary addressing research relevant to neurosurgical anesthesiology in 1973 and 1974--the early years of SNACC. We address topics such as effects of anesthetic drugs, neuroprotection, cerebral physiology, and monitoring as they relate to the perioperative care of neurosurgical patients or patients experiencing or at risk for neurological disorders. Our hypothesis is that a review of these publications will identify the foundations of research and practice concepts that persist until today and will also identify concepts that have dwindled or outright disappeared.

With a focus on landmark investigations, common themes, and unique and innovative contributions to the literature, we provide a synopsis of the 2011 literature pertaining to general advances in neurosurgical procedures and perioperative care and anesthetic management of neurosurgical patients.

We provide a summary of the 2010 literature pertinent to the care of neurosurgical patients and those requiring neurocritical care. In addition, we address topics in the basic neurosciences as they relate to neuroanesthesiology. This review incorporates studies not only from both neuroanesthesiology and general anesthesiology-focused journals, but also from neurology, neurosurgery, critical care, and internal medicine journals and includes articles published after January 1, 2010, through those available on-line by November 31, 2010. We will review the broad categories of general neuroanesthesiology, with particular emphasis on cerebral physiology and pharmacology, intracranial hemorrhage, carotid artery disease, spine surgery, traumatic brain injury, neuroprotection, and neurotoxicity. When selecting articles for inclusion in this review, we gave priority to those publications that had: (1) new or novel information, (2) clinical utility, (3) a study design possessing appropriate statistical power, and/or (4) meaningful, unambiguous conclusions.

Recent literature contains many reports of value to clinicians providing anesthetic or intensive care for neurosurgical patients or patients experiencing, or at risk for, neurological impairment. We will review many of these articles, focusing on those that address intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial procedures, carotid endarterectomy, spine surgery, and the determinants of outcome in patients with evolving or new-onset neurologic disease. Additionally, we will review articles addressing neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, and nervous system monitoring.

The 2008 literature contained numerous articles of interest to physicians providing perioperative care for neurosurgical or neurologically-impaired patients. In this review, we provide a brief summary of common themes and unique or novel reports. Topics addressed are intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, neuropharmacology, neuroprotection, spine surgery, and treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease.