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A case study of 30-years-old female is presented who developed massive hydrothorax and was diagnosed postoperatively following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for left renal calculus. It mentions that intraoperatively the old female remained haemodynamically stable and several attempts were required to reach superior calyx. It highlights anaesthetic challenges faced during the PCNL such as dilutional anaemia, blood loss and hypothermia.

Patients with genetic disorders associated with multiple congenital anomalies present unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. We report the successful perioperative management of a child with biliary atresia, situs inversus totalis, and Kartegener syndrome scheduled for corrective biliary surgery. We recommend that patients with multiple congenital anomalies need to be thoroughly and cautiously evaluated. The perioperative management should be individualized based on associated anomalies along with appropriate monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe for the first time, the perioperative care of a patient with a rare combination of Eisenmenger syndrome with β-thalassemia major presenting for splenectomy. Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome have polycythemia because of chronic hypoxia but our patient was anaemic and had thrombocytopenia because of thalassemia major. The management of such a case can be challenging for any anaesthesiologist because of severe V/Q mismatch (high shunt fraction and restrictive lung disease because of hypersplenism), decreased oxygen carrying capacity (anaemia) and increased risk of haemorrhage (thrombocytopenia), along with the potential increase in intracardiac shunt during anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of one-day-old term male baby is presented with tracheoesophageal fistula and who posted for emergency surgical correction. It mentions that pre-operative examination revealed bilateral crepitations and standard monitoring was established. After analysis the doctors suspected the case of central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) following general anaesthesia (GA) involving the use of anticholinergic agents in intra-operative care.