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Key to Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) species 1 Three pairs spermathecae in 6, 7, 8...................................................................... 2 - One pair spermathecae present.......................................................................... 3 2 Tubercula pubertatis between 19���22................................................. royeroi Drachenberg, 1991 - Tubercula pubertatis between �� 20 ��� 2 / 324................................................................ 4 3 Clitellum in 16 ��� �� 24, 24.................................................................. yukuna sp. nov. - Clitellum in 17���26................................................................................... 5 4 Clitellum saddle-shaped in 15���25..................................................... samuelensis Righi, 1986 - Clitellum annular in 16���25............................................................................. 6 5 Tubercula pubertatis in five segments............................................... bare Righi & Nemeth, 1983 - Tubercula pubertatis in two segments.................................................................... 7 6 Setal ratio: 1.47: 1: 1.05: 0.82: 2.58....................................... caudatus Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1976 - Setal ratio: 2.5: 1: 2.7: 1.45: 3.12.......................................................................... 8 7 Two pair of spermathecae in 7 /8, 8/ 9................................................. acaciascensis Feijoo, 2008 - Three pair of spermathecae in 6 /7, 7/8, 8/ 9................................................................ 9 8 Clitellum in 15 ��� �� 25. Tubercula pubertatis in 21���24................................. baniwa Righi & Nemeth, 1983 - Clitellum in 16���26. Tubercula pubertatis in 18���22......................................................... 10 9 Spermathecae with globe-shaped ampulla and round seminal chamber........................ marcuzzi Omodeo, 1955 - Spermathecae in 6 / 7���8 / 9, pyriform, with short duct................................... brunneus (Michaelsen, 1892), Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 117, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Drachenberg, C. E. (1991) Alguns Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecidae) da regiao do rio Mavaca na Amazonia venezuelana. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Serie Zoologia, 7, 2, 143 - 150.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151.","Righi, G. & Nemeth, A. (1983) Algunos Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae da Amazonia venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia de Sao Paulo, 35, 8, 93 - 108.","Righi, G., Ayres, I., Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1976) Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 6, 3, 335 - 367.","Feijoo, A. (2008) Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) del Parque Nacional Sumapaz, Colombia. In: Van der Hammen (Ed.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems, Vol. 7. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 615 - 675.","Omodeo, P. (1955) Oligocheti terricoli del Venezuela raccolti dal Dr. Marcuzzi. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia di Verona, 4, 199 - 212.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung, II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58, 209 - 261."]}

Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5 A,B, 6, 7, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (CA-0015). Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 39.6 ������N, 75 �� 49 ��� 12 ������W), altitude: 280 m above sea level. Collection date: 25 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Paratypes: 6 adults (CA-0016), two subadults, 36 juveniles. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Balcanes (01�� 25 ��� 33.9 ���N, 75 �� 30 ��� 26.9 ���W), altitude: 284 and 264 m above sea level (1 adult, 6 juveniles). Collection dates: 18 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Alto Canelos (01�� 28 ��� 15.4 ���N, 75 �� 32 ��� 49.7 ���W), altitude: 272 m above sea level (1 adult, 5 juveniles). Collection date: 20 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de Los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 19 ��� 51.9 ���N, 75 �� 48 ��� 43.5 ���W), altitude: 290 m above sea level (4 adult, 2 subadults, 25 juveniles). Collection date: 23 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Etymology. The new species is named in recognition of and homage to the Yukunas indigenous people who live in the departments of Caquet��, Colombia. Noun in apposition. Description. Endogeic species, with brown-colored dorsum, milky white belly, and cylindrical body. The length of the conserved holotype is 78 mm, with 134 segments. Its diameter is 3.0 mm in the preclitellar region, 3.1 mm in the clitellum, and 2.9 mm in the mid-posterior region. Paratype: 74.5 mm long and 2.9 mm wide. Number of segments: 131. The prostomium is long, thin, and ends in a milky white lobe measuring 3.0 mm. The clitellum is saddle-shaped and lies in segments 16 ��� 1 / 2 24, 24 (= 8.5, 9 segments). In the ventral region of the clitellum there are two genital markings, the first flatter in segments 20 / 21 and the second transverse oval shaped in segment 22 (Fig. 4). Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. The distance between setae in the mid-body region (segments 40���50) is aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 12.0:1.0: 12.8:1.0: 38.4. The setae present a pronounced curvature, thickening in 2 / 3 to finally form a hook (Fig. 5 A). Genital setae are found in segments 17���22, measure 0.9 mm, and have a straight form, presenting alternating semi-lunar grooves that leave deep spaces where the grooves meet, all through the distal apex to end in the form of a triangular tip (Fig. 5 B). The male pores are located in segment 19 and the female pores in segment 14. The nephropores are aligned with setae c, d. One pair of spermathecal pores was observed on intersegments 8 / 9, aligned with seta b. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa are fragile and only tiny membranous threads separate the septa between segments 6 and 14. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are found in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of extramural calciferous glands, with a garlic clove shape in segments 7���9. The structure is lamellar, presenting 13���16 parallel lamellae in the mid cross-section. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 24 and the typhlosole begins in segment 27. This thick structure, shaped like a bent tube, occupies most of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts are differentiated in segments 7���9, separating the calciferous glands. Two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts are located in segments 10 and 11. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment (Fig. 6), and the nephridiopores are located just above the line of setae c. Two pairs of large hypoesophageal testis sacs are located in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are located in segments 11 and 12. The deferent ducts open toward the intraparietal region from segments 10 and 11, merging to form a single duct that flows into segment 19 into a structure similar to a prostatic gland, shaped as a seminal vesicle in 19 and measuring 2.1 mm length x 1.7 mm width. Ovaries are in segment 13 and elongated spermathecae can be observed in segment 9, without differentiation of the ampulla. Abundant sperm cells are also observed at the base and in the duct (Fig. 7). Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov. is closely related to A. (T.) acaciascensis Feijoo, 2008, A. (T.) brunneus Michaelsen, 1892, and A. (T.) samuelensis Righi, 1986 because of the number of segments of the clitellum. However, it differs from the aforementioned species in the position of tubercula pubertatis, the distance of the setae aa:ab:bc:cd:dd, the extension of tubercula pubertatis, and the type of septa, which are thick, heavy, and muscular in the three abovementioned species as compared with those of A. (T.) yukuna, which are fragile and membrane-like. A. (T.) yukuna also presents only a single pair of spermathecae in segment 9 (Table 2)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Feijoo, A. (2008) Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) del Parque Nacional Sumapaz, Colombia. In: Van der Hammen (Ed.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems, Vol. 7. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 615 - 675.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung, II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58, 209 - 261.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151."]}

Genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 Andiorhhinus: Michaelsen 1918; Cordero 1945; Righi 1971, 1986, 1993 Type species. Andiorrhinus salvadorii Cognetti, 1908 Diagnosis. Setae eight per segment; intraclitellar male pores; calciferous glands three pairs in 7���9 of lamellar structure; testes in 10 and 11 within testis sacs; seminal vesicles, two pairs restricted to 11 and 12; ovaries in XIII; spermathecae in pre-testicular segments. Number of species: 40. Distribution: Venezuela (18), Brazil (16), Colombia (3), Bolivia (1), Guyana (1), Paraguay (1)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 108, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Cognetti De Martiis, L. (1908) Lombrichi di Costa Rica e del Venezuela. Atti Della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 43, 505 - 518.","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefaßten Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 41, 1 - 398.","Cordero, E. H. (1945) Oligoquetos sudamericanos de la familia Glossoscolecidae. VI. Los generos de la subfamilia Glossoscolecinae, sus probables relaciones fileticas y su distribucion geografica actual. Comunicaciones de Zoologia, Museo Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1, 22, 1 - 29.","Righi, G. (1971) Sobre la familia Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) no Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia Museo de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 95.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and consideration on the genus Andirrhinus Cognetti 1908 (Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae). Tropical Zoology, Special Issue 1, 125 - 139."]}

Subgenus Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) Righi, 1993 Type species. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) samuelensis Righi, 1986 Diagnosis. The subgenus Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) was differentiated because of the presence of two pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11 (Righi 1986, 1993). Number of species: 11. Distribution: Venezuela (5), Brazil (3), Colombia (2), and Guyana (1)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 108, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and consideration on the genus Andirrhinus Cognetti 1908 (Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae). Tropical Zoology, Special Issue 1, 125 - 139.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151."]}

Three new and four known species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the department of Caqueta inColombia’s Amazon region were studied. Species belong to the following three families: Glossoscolecidae: Andiodrilus nonuya sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov., Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) bora sp. nov., and Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857); Acanthodrilidae: Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis (Michaelsen, 1890), Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891), and Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard, 1893); andOcnerodrilidae: Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen, 1878. With these new records, the earthworm fauna of Colombia nowcontains 139 species. Keys to differentiate species of Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900, Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) Righi, 1993, and Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) (Muller, 1857) are provided.