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Fetuin-A is a biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Our aim was to investigate whether Fetuin-A plays a direct role in the neuroinflammatory response in the mouse EAE model. Peak Fetuin-A expression in the CNS and in peripheral lymphoid tissue correlated with peak EAE disease activity. Fetuin-A-deficient mice showed reduced EAE severity associated with an accumulation of splenic monocyte and dendritic cell populations, increased IL-12p40, ASC1, and IL-1β expression, and an increase in T regulatory cells. The upregulation of Fetuin-A in LPS-stimulated dendritic cells and microglia further supports an intrinsic role of Fetuin-A in regulating innate immune activation during EAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]