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The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) is a vessel anterior to the brainstem, usually originating from the basilar artery (BA). In this case, a different course of left SCA in a 74-year-old male cadaver was reported. The origin of the SCA was found to be a unilateral double root at the left side on the anterior surface of the pons. The distances of the starting points of roots to the bifurcation of BA were 31.09 mm on the right side, on the left side the rostral root was 33.84 mm and the caudal root was 30.95 mm. The diameter of the right SCA was 2.37 mm, the left rostral root was 2.05 mm and the caudal root was 1.24 mm. Knowing the course of SCA, and especially morphological variations, will be helpful for the clinical branches in preventing complications during surgical operations, evaluating angiographic examinations, and diagnosing and treating neurovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Dental Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anatolian Environmental & Animal Science is the property of Bulent Verep and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to produce some bones of the dog skeleton using a 3D laser scanner and a printer, and to investigate the effectiveness of 3D bones in education. For this purpose, the scapula and humerus of a dog skeleton were scanned with a 3D laser scanner, and 3D bones were produced using a 3D printer. Afterwards, practical training and then an examination were conducted on student groups to investigate the effectiveness of 3D bones in education. As a result, it has been shown that 3D bones are at least as successful in training as real bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The greater palatine canal connects to the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen. Preoperatively identifying the morphology of the greater palatine canal and greater palatine foramen is very important to avoid possible complications during surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the greater palatine canal and surrounding anatomical structures using computed tomography. Material and Methods: Images from 100 patients (35 female and 65 male) who had previously undergone computed tomography for various reasons were evaluated. The study data were divided into three age groups, 60 years. Morphological parameters measured in this study included; diameter measurement from the widest part of the canal, length of the canal, beginning diameter of the canal, the ends diameter of the canal, localization of the canal entrance with respect to the third molar tooth, distance of the canal entrance to palatine suture. The values obtained from the measurements were compared in terms of age group, gender, and side. Results: The mean length of the canalis palatinus major was 15.19±4.38 mm. The diameter of the widest part of the canal and the end of the canal, and the distance between the canal entrance and the sutura palatina increased with age, but these increases were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Proper administration of anesthesia through the greater palatine foramen in maxillofacial surgeries and related applications requires a detailed understanding of the anatomy of the greater palatine canal, and the results of the present study will contribute to the understanding of this anatomy.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection on adrenal gland morphometry according to age, gender, body weight, survival status and CD4/CD8 parameters. Materials and Methods: In this study, the CT archives (130 men and 30 women) of 160 people living with HIV infection who had imaging for any reason between 2008 and 2020 were scanned. Ages, years of follow-up, body weights, heights, CD4 and CD8 values of people with human immunodeficiency virus were obtained simultaneously with the CT examinations of the people. Anatomical measurements, adrenal gland shapes, length, corpus thickness, medial thickness, lateral thickness, distance to next anatomical structures (esophagus, vertebral column, vena cava inferior, aorta abdominalis and diaphragm) were evaluated. Results: In our study, the average age was 40.29±13.19 (male: 39.78±12.50, female: 42.53±15.88), body weight and height were respectively 67.04±18.10 kg 157.92±6.21 cm in women and 77.06±12.93 kg, 171.67±8.97 cm in men, living with HIV infection were included. As anatomical measurements, the length, corpus thickness, medial crus thickness, lateral crus thickness, distance to the esophagus, columna vertebralis, vena cava inferior, aorta abdominalis and diaphragm of the adrenal gland were found respectively on the right; 4.77±1.70 cm, 3.59±1.23 mm, 2.76±0.83 mm, 2.79±0.87 mm, 3.21±1.21 cm, 1.45±0.85 cm, 0.92±0.57 cm, 2.41±0.65 cm, 1.57±0.84 cm and on the left; 5.78±2.8 cm, 3.77±1.43 mm, 3.38±1.17 mm, 2.92±1.06 mm, 3.10±1.26 cm, 2.11±0.7 cm, 4.10±0.83 cm, 0.90±0.45 cm, 1.21±0.73 cm. The most common adrenal gland type was recorded as Y. Additionally, the mean values of CD4 and CD8 were found to be 322.66±309.35 and 1024.48±930.15, respectively. Conclusion: Some anatomical measurements of the adrenal gland of people living with HIV can be affected by age, gender, body weight, survival status and CD4/CD8 parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hamidiye Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Supratrochlear foramen (STF) is the variation of the distal part of the humerus. The aim of this study is to reveal the frequency, morphology and morphometry of the STF in Turkish population and emphasize the importance of knowing the presence of the STF in intramedullary nailing for supracondylar fractures for orthopedists and distinguishing it from an osteolytic and cystic lesion for radiologists. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with 116 dry humeri (61 right, 55 left). The translucent and opaque bony lamina between the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa and STF on the humerus were noted. STF was classified as oval, round, irregular, triangular, rectangular, sieve like, reniform, hourglass shaped. The frequency and morphometry of the STF were also evaluated. Results: The translucent type 88 (75.9%) bony lamina was found mostly between the coronoid and olecranon fossa. STF was detected on 19 (16.4%) humeri, 13 of them were on the left humeri and 6 of them were on the right humeri. The shape of the 16 of 19 STF were oval shaped. The mean values of the transverse and vertical diameter of STF, distance between the most medial points of the STF and medial epicondyle, the most lateral points of the STF and lateral epicondyle, distance between the most distal point of the STF and the lower edge of the trochlea humeri were found as 4.41±2.34 mm, 3.1±0.85 mm, 26.65±3.82 mm, 27.94±3.34 mm, 14.62±1.9 mm respectively. Conclusion: There are few studies on STF in Turkish population and we believe that this clinically important variation will contribute to anatomists, especially radiologists and orthopedists in terms of awareness and knowing the frequency, morphology and morphometry of STF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Journal of Science Faculty / Selçuk Üniversitesi fen Fakültesi fen Dergisi is the property of Selcuk University Journal of Science Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research is the property of Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The greater palatine canal connects to the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen. Preoperatively identifying the morphology of the greater palatine canal and greater palatine foramen is very important to avoid possible complications during surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the greater palatine canal and surrounding anatomical structures using computed tomography. Material and Methods: Images from 100 patients (35 female and 65 male) who had previously undergone computed tomography for various reasons were evaluated. The study data were divided into three age groups, <20 years, 20-60 years, and >60 years. Morphological parameters measured in this study included; diameter measurement from the widest part of the canal, length of the canal, beginning diameter of the canal, the ends diameter of the canal, localization of the canal entrance with respect to the third molar tooth, distance of the canal entrance to palatine suture. The values obtained from the measurements were compared in terms of age group, gender, and side. Results: The mean length of the canalis palatinus major was 15.19±4.38 mm. The diameter of the widest part of the canal and the end of the canal, and the distance between the canal entrance and the sutura palatina increased with age, but these increases were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Proper administration of anesthesia through the greater palatine foramen in maxillofacial surgeries and related applications requires a detailed understanding of the anatomy of the greater palatine canal, and the results of the present study will contribute to the understanding of this anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main function of the masseter muscle, which is a thick quadrangular muscle, is to close the jaw by elevating the mandible against the maxilla, performing the biting and chewing functions of the teeth. The masseter muscle, which is involved in lateral movements and mandibular protraction, is one of the four chewing muscles that is important in facial aesthetics. In the article published by Mezey et al. in December 2021, it was reported that anatomically, a deep, distinct third layer of the masseter muscle extends from the medial surface of the os temporale processus zygomaticus to the posterior edge and root of the processus coronoideus. It has been suggested that this structure, called masseter pars coronoidea, is a third and new part of the masseter muscle. While this study was found very interesting in the scientific world, it also brought up some question marks and led to different reactions. In this study, it was aimed to review the anatomical structure and embryological development of the masseter muscle from past to present in the light of current information and to discuss all aspects of the debate about the masseter muscle, which was presented to the scientific world as a new definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the larynx, trachea, and lungs of one 1.5-year-old adult female lynx (Lynx lynx) were examined. The macro anatomical and histological structure of the larynx cartilages, trachea, and lungs were tried to be revealed by dissection and measurements. It was determined that the trachea had 48 cartilage rings (cartilago trachealis) up to the bifurcatio trachealis, the diameters of which narrow as they approach the lungs. The total tracheal length was 172.36 mm. It was seen that the cross-section of the lynx trachea resembled a circle. The hyaline cartilage structure surrounding the trachea was determined. A muscle structure called musculus transversus trachea, which closes the open ends of this cartilage and surrounds the cartilage from the outside, was detected. It was determined that the trachea consisted of tunica mucosa, submucosa, and tunica adventitia layers. The pulmo sinister in the lynx lung consisted of two main lobes, lobus cranialis, and lobus caudalis. Lobus cranialis was also divided among itself as pars cranialis and pars caudalis. Pulmo dexter was divided into four main lobes as lobus cranialis, lobus medius, lobus caudalis, and lobus accessorius. It was determined that there was connective tissue capsule surrounding the lung, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, intraalveolar septum, and abundant blood vessels. In intraalveolar septum; capillaries, erythrocytes were determined. Type I and type II pneumocytes were seen covering the alveolar surface. In addition, it was determined that there were macrophages in the alveolar sacs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two endemic species belonging to the genus Linum distributed in Türkiye were investigated. The outermost layer of the Linum flavum subsp. scabrinerve (P.H.Davis) P.H.Davis root, according to its cross-section, is covered with epidermis cells. In the stem cross-section, the vascular bundles are in the form of a continuous ring, upon which are sclerenchyma cells. The leaf mesophyll of the taxon is bifacial. The lower surface and the upper surfaces of the leaf have 88 and 51 stomata in order of. Leaf has a few glandular hairs. The root of Linum hirsutum subsp. pseudoanatolicum P.H. Davis has secondary growth. Periderm cells on the outside are oval or isodiametric in shape. In the stem cross-section, vascular bundles are in the form of a continuous ring. The cortex layer consists of 9-10 rows of oval or rectangular-shaped parenchymatous cells. The leaf mesophyll of the taxon is equifacial. The lower surface and the upper surfaces of the leaf have 48 and 46 stomata, respectively. No glandular or non-glandular hairs are found on the epidermis. As a result, an anatomic comparison of two different taxa belonging to the same genus was made with this study. According to the results, the root structures of the species, the presence of sclerenchyma on the stem, the size of the stomata of the leaf, mesophyll types, and the presence of glandular hairs are different from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The orbit is an important cavity containing vision-related formations and important neurovascular structures, and adjacent to various regions. This study aimed to evaluation, by multidedector computed tomography (MDCT) images, the morphometry of orbit by examining its changes according to gender and body side, and developments according to age, in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 individuals’s (94 females,106 males;400 sides) MDCT images were evaluated. Images were examined according to the gender, body side, and the anatomical structures development. Results: The height, width and depth of the orbit were determined as 36.04±2.97 mm, 32.33±2.59 mm, 38.35±3.32 mm on the right side, 35.79±3.18 mm, 32.29±2.67 mm, 38.13±3.21 mm on the left side, respectively, in healthy subjects. The height and width of the orbit were found to be statistically significantly larger on both sides in men than in women (p˂0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive information about the orbit and associated apertures is quite important for clinicians working in this area, damage to these structures can cause serious complications. In addition, determining the morphometry of the orbit can be used as an important parameter for determining gender, age and race in forensic medicine.

Background: In this study, the purpose was to obtain normal anthropometric data of the nose, and to determine the changes in age and gender. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the nose anthropometric measurements were made with a caliper in 874 healthy individuals who were between the ages of 5 and 64, and the nose types were determined for adults. The individuals were divided into 8 groups as 5-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-40, and 41-64-year-old. The nasal length, nasal height, morphological nasal width, anatomical nasal width, nasal root width, nasal depth, lengths, nostril widths, face width, and face heights of the individuals were measured; and the external nasal surface area, nasal volume, nasal index, nasofacial index, and nose-face width index were calculated. According to Martin and Sallar, the types of noses were classified in adults. The SPSS 20.0 Program was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: The most common type of nose was determined to be Mesorrhine. Statistically significant differences were detected between the genders in all measurements except nasal depth. Statistically significant differences were detected in all groups in terms of all length and height measurements, morphological and anatomical nasal width values, external nasal surface areas, and nasal volume and indices. Conclusions: It is expected that detailed data about age-sex-related nose morphometry in our study will contribute to the creation of a database of our population. It is thought that these detailed data will be helpful in the determination of age and gender in forensic medicine, the reconstruction studies in anthropology, and the treatment plan and post-surgery evaluation to surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hamidiye Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the staple foodstuffs of the cereal group which has a high percentage of carbohydrates, protein, water, and fats. In 2050, maize is expected to double in demand, however, productivity must be balanced with the support management of diseases and pests of maize. Common maize disease is Downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp., this disease attacks the leaves and seeds with 100% damage. This research aimed to determine the pathogenicity and resistance of Talenta, Pioneer 21, and Tamara maize varieties, by using in vivo leaf insertion and leaf spray methods. Fungal isolates were isolated from threshing conidia from maize leaves in the Sleman area field. Observation of fungal pathogenicity and maize resistance was measured based on symptom scale per two days of test and observation of leaf anatomy 45 days after planting. Calculation of fungal pathogenicity against maize varieties used growth analysis, disease incidence, disease severity, Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), and severity unit per time. The result of this research showed that Talenta was moderately resistant, Pioneer-21 was resistant, and Tamara was susceptible to Downy mildew. Downy mildew pathogenicity rate reached 0,07 units/day. Downy mildew infection reached epidermis tissue through stomata on maize leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences (OTJHS) / Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Oguz KARABAY and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Structure most affected by the clinical deformities associated with lower extremity is the first metatarsal bone which may cause orthopedic problems and chronic pain on foot, because approximately 80% of the load from the talus and calcaneus is transmitted to the ground via medial arch. Materials and Methods: Our study was performed on lower extremities of 32 adult patients without any foot deformity, which were amputated due to circulation failure in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Firstly, tibia length, foot length and foot width were measured. Subsequently, the dimensions and length of first metatarsus as well as proximal and distal articular surface dimensions of the first metatarsus were measured. Results: The average values were as follows: tibia length: 35.9 cm, foot length:22.7cm, foot width: 8 cm, length of first metatarsus: 5.8 cm. Statistical significance was found among the dimensions of proximal end, dimensions of distal head and the thinnest site of the bone (p=0.01). Conclusions: Various external deforming forces cause variations in the medial longitudinal arch and lead foot pain. The length, shape of the head as well as the dimensions of the proximal and distal joint surfaces of the first metatarsal bone are important factors in the development of foot deformities. Since peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles insert onto the first metatarsal bone, the forces exerted by their tendons affect morphology of the bone. Therefore, dimensions of these muscles and their tendons in relation with the dimensions of first metatarsal bone are essential in the prevention and treatment of foot deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Van cats attract attention with their unique physical features and live in the Van region. This study was performed to analyze the morphological features of the bony and soft anatomical structures in the stifle joint by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Van cats. In the study, 16 (8 male, 8 female) adult healthy Van cats were used. Cats were anesthetized by intramuscular administration of xylazine-ketamine combination. Anesthetized Van cats were placed in the dorsal recumbent position and the stifle joint region was scanned with an MRI device (Siemens Symphony 1.5 Tesla Magnetom). Proton density (PD) weighted fat-suppressed (Fs: Fat-suppressed) sagittal, T1-weighted sagittal, and T2-weighted coronal data sequences obtained from the MRI device were used for image analysis. In general, when MRI was examined, the anatomical structures of the stifle joint in Van cats were detected to be compatible with domestic cats. In MRI, the collateral ligaments were observed only on T2-weighted coronal images, while the cruciate ligaments were easily seen on T1-weighted sagittal and T2-weighted coronal images. However, infrapatellar fat pad and other fatcontaining tissues appeared bright white on T1-weighted sagittal images. Proton density weighted fatsuppressed sagittal images showed isointense appearance of fat-containing tissues. As a result, anatomical structures in the stifle joint were analyzed in terms of morphological features in Van cats using MRI. It is thought that the study will be beneficial to veterinarians in clinical practice areas in the evaluation of magnetic resonance images of the stifle joint in Van cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, endemic Bupleurum zoharii, which grows in Turkey, has been investigated anatomically for the first time. Anatomical examinations have included the paraffin method and manual extraction of stem and leaf cross-sections. In addition, leaf superficial sections were taken by manually. In the transverse sections of the stem, the presence of the pith and the number of rows of the sclerenchyma and chlorenchyma tissues, the type of mesophyll tissue in the leaf cross-sections and the shape of the leaf sections were determined to be important anatomical characters. Especially, secretion areas have been observed near the vascular bundles on the stem and leaves. In stem anatomical structure, vascular bundles and pith regions have been occupied in a large space. Stomata were mesomorphic and were observed to be of anisocytic type according to the number of neighbor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Hypermobility is the excessive range of motion of joints, and related to various musculoskeletal and extra-articular problems that may significantly impair quality of life (QoL) by causing pain. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of hypermobility in young adults, and its relationship with pain in various regions of body and QoL. Methods: Two hundred and twenty five volunteers, aged between 17 and 23, were classified as subjects-with-hypermobility or subjectswithout- hypermobility according to the Beighton Criteria. Chronic pain was identified by using Nordic Pain Questionnaire, QoL was identified by Short Form-36 (SF-36) Questionnaire. Pain presence in 9 body regions and SF-36 scores were compared between groups using chi-square test and Independent Samples T-test, respectively. Results: Of the participants, 164 (64%) were female, 91 (36%) were male, 119 (46.7%) had hypermobility. Upper back was the body region with the highest pain prevalence where 79% of hypermobile and 74% of non-hypermobile subjects reported pain at least once in past 12 months. Pain prevalence in body regions did not differ between groups (p>0.05). In terms of QoL, physical and mental component scores of SF-36, as well as all subgroup scores except social function were significantly lower in hypermobile subjects (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pain prevalence in different body regions did not differ between subjects with and without hypermobility whereas the QoL was significantly impaired in hypermobile subjects. Hypermobility is a substantial anatomical finding in young adults that should not be disregarded. Education, emotional support and encouraging about strengthening and proprioception exercises may contribute to their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal descriptive data about postgraduate theses on anatomy and to determine their general trends. Material and Methods: Between the years 2016-2020 National Thesis Center of basic medical sciences, published in the department of anatomy thesis full text of 390; each of the thesis, name, type, year of publication, systematic and topographical anatomy class, study design, keywords, the situation of receiving budget support, the academic advisor, the title, the author's gender, bachelor degree and the publication of a thesis at the University of recorded and investigated. Frequency and percentage values were used for descriptive statistics and categorical variables. Results: Of the thesis, 237 (60.8%) were written by women, 242 (62.1%) were master's theses, 254 (65.1%) thesis advisor were professor, 113 (29%) received budget support, and 169 (43.3%) used radiological methods. The bachelor degree of the thesis authors was ranked as physiotherapy and rehabilitation (n=167, 42.8%), biology (n=64, 16.4%), nursing (n=58, 14.9%) and medicine (n=57, 14.6%). Of the thesis, 126 (32.3%) were from the head region and 174 (44.9%) were from the movement system. The most used keywords; computed tomography (n=58), morphometry (n=41), anthropometry (n=30), anatomy (n=27) and magnetic resonance imaging (n=25) were detected. Conclusion: In this study, bibliometric data about theses on anatomy were invastigated and a wide range of information was presented to the researchers in anatomy field. In recent years, it has been seen that female researchers and physiotherapists have come to the fore in anatomy postgraduate education. It can be said that especially studies involving the movement and nervous system or the head, lower and upper extremities attract the attention of researchers. In addition, radiological, experimental animal and anthropometric methods are frequently used in study designs. The result of the study is expected to shed light on anatomy graduate students, clinicians and researchers who carry out/will carry out their academic study.

Objective: The orbit is an important cavity containing vision-related formations and important neurovascular structures, and adjacent to various regions. This study aimed to evaluation, by multidedector computed tomography (MDCT) images, the morphometry of orbit by examining its changes according to gender and body side, and developments according to age, in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 individuals's (94 females,106 males;400 sides) MDCT images were evaluated. Images were examined according to the gender, body side, and the anatomical structures development. Results: The height, width and depth of the orbit were determined as 36.04±2.97 mm, 32.33±2.59 mm, 38.35±3.32 mm on the right side, 35.79±3.18 mm, 32.29±2.67 mm, 38.13±3.21 mm on the left side, respectively, in healthy subjects. The height and width of the orbit were found to be statistically significantly larger on both sides in men than in women (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive information about the orbit and associated apertures is quite important for clinicians working in this area, damage to these structures can cause serious complications. In addition, determining the morphometry of the orbit can be used as an important parameter for determining gender, age and race in forensic medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Oral Research is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are not many articles about the anatomical knowledge of the variable conditions of the sole of the foot, but normally knowledge of this area is essential for surgeries such as reconstructive or peripheral nerve compression syndrome. In this region, medial plantar nerve (nervus plantaris medialis) innervates the abductor and flexor muscles of the thumb. In addition, there is a region where receives the skin sensation in the foot. When it is damaged or exposed to pressure by any muscle due to an abnormal course, it can’t stimulate the relevant muscles and the person may experience numbness and loss of muscle function on the sole of the foot. During a routine cadaver dissection, an abnormal course of nervus plantaris medialis was observed on the left side of a male cadaver. In this case, we presented the abnormal course of some branches of medial plantar nerve and discussed the clinical significance.

Aim: To investigate the frequency of anatomical variations on the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and reveal their clinical importance by distinguishing the findings that mimic sacroiliitis in patients referred to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for low back pain. Material and Method: This retrospective study included all SIJ MRI examinations performed in our hospital with patients =18 and <65 years of age for 24 months. According to the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria, data collection consisted of the patients' age at the imaging time, gender, and the presence of active and chronic sacroiliitis. Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) was classified according to the Castellvi classification system. Moreover, all images were assessed for the presence of major sacroiliac joint variations described in the literature. Structural and edematous changes were also noted. Results: 1020 MRI examinations were included, and SIJ variations were identified in 323 of them. The frequency order of anatomical variants of SIJs are as follows: 1) LSTV (114 patients, 12.2%), 2) Accessory sacroiliac joint (80 patients, 7.8%), 3) Iliosacral complex (66 patients, 6.4%), 4) Sacral defect (61 patients, 5.9%), and 5) Isolated synostosis (2 patients, 0.2%). Structural and edematous findings were frequently observed in LSTV and accessory SIJ. Conclusion: We conclude that the lumbosacral transition segments and various anatomical SIJ variations are common in the low back pain population, especially in women. Moreover, these variations may be associated with degenerative and edematous signal intensity changes that mimic sacroiliitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the plantation crops with high economic value. High rainfall caused waterlogging and becomes a major obstacle in its cultivation. Many studies have shown that waterlogging affected the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses. Calcium has an important role in helping the metabolic processes in plants under abiotic stress. Calcium application on tobacco improved their adaptation to waterlogging. This study aimed to determine the tolerance of tobacco under waterlogging stress with calcium application based on physiological, morphological, and anatomical responses. This research was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 at the research trial site of Universal PT. Tempu Rejo using a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was waterlogging treatment in tobacco plants at different growth stages (control; waterlogging at 21 days after planting (DAP), 28 DAP, and 35 DAP). The second factor was calcium application at different doses (0, 8.5, 10, and 11.5 g). The results showed that 11.5 g of calcium application was effective in enhancing plant tolerance toward waterlogging stress based on its morphological characteristics. This study showed that calcium inhibited the presence of H2O2 as ROS (reactive oxygen species) and function in maintaining the anatomical structure of roots and stomatal conductivity under waterlogging stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Cutter’s Physiology” refers to a series of titles on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene compiled by Calvin Cutter, M.D. (1807–1873). These basic texts initially found their place in the curricula of high schools and colleges throughout the United States and were then promoted abroad and subsequently translated. Dr. Cutter’s A Treatise of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene Designed for Colleges, Academies and Families (1849) was rendered into Turkish by Miss Myra Allen Proctor (1834–1914), the first principal of the Girl’s Seminary in Aintab, Turkey. Her translation was edited by Rev. Andrew Tully Pratt, M.D. (1826–1872), and published in Armeno-Turkish in 1868 by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Istanbul. The resulting illustrated textbook, entitled Ilm-i Teshrih ve Bahs-i Hayat-i Bedeniye ile Sahhat u Afiyet Qavaidi, became basic reading for Armenian students whose primary tongue was Turkish. This small volume is of special interest for the medical terminology it employed, which constituted a unique vocabulary within mid-19th c. Armeno-Turkish literature. This study also establishes that Miss Proctor was the translator of Coğrafya-yı Tabii İlmine Esas-ı Muhtasar, based on David M. Warren’s treatise Physical Geography, published both in Armeno-Turkish (1883) and Ottoman Turkish (1884). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the detailed literature reviews, it has been determined that there are a limited number of studies on the stolon anatomy of orchids. In this study, Ophrys mammosa subsp. mammosa taxon by examining the stolon anatomy of the, it is aimed to contribute to the explanation of the tuber ontogeny of the genus. As material, microtome sections were taken from the embedding preparations with historesin kit in Ophrys mammosa subsp. mammosa stolons and stained with toluidin blue. From anatomical sections; It was determined that the vascular bundles in the middle part of the stolon are spaced and meristele distributed asymmetrically and the presence of statocyte cells in the lower part, the presence of a velamen in the outermost and several rows of exodermis under it, and an inner parenchymatic wide cortex. As a result; It has been emphasized that the anatomy of the orchid stolon is partially similar to the tuber that will develop in the future, and the importance of the findings in terms of tuber biology is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe Law Review is the property of Hacettepe Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)