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The effect of age on Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Sr contents in intact roots of permanent teeth of 38 apparently healthy women aged 15–55 years was investigated by neutron activation analysis. It was found that mass fractions of Ca, Cl, K, Mg, and P are at a maximum in the age range 25–35 years and above 35 years there is a monotonic decrease. A statistically significant age-dependent decrease was shown only for Mg and P. The Sr content significantly increases with age. The mass fractions of Mn and Na remain stable for the ages 15–55 years.

The Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and P content and Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Na, Cl/Ca, and Cl/Na ratios in tissue of intact bone, chondroma and chondrosarcoma were investigated by neutron activation analysis. It was shown that higher mass fraction of Cl and Na and also Cl/Na mass fraction ratio as well as lower Ca/Cl and Ca/Na mass fraction ratios are typical of the chondrosarcoma tissue compared to chondroma. Finally, it was proposed to use the estimation of such parameters as the Cl mass fraction and the Ca/Cl and Ca/Na mass fraction ratios as an additional test for differential diagnosis between chondroma and chondrosarcoma.

The Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and P content and Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Na, Cl/Ca, and Cl/Na ratios in samples of intact bone, benign and malignant giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone were investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. It was found that in GCT tissue the mass fractions of Cl and Na are higher and the mass fraction of Ca and P are lower than in normal bone tissues. Moreover, it was shown that higher Cl/Na mass fraction ratios as well as lower Ca/Cl, Ca/Mg, and Ca/Na mass fraction ratios are typical of the GCT tissue compared to intact bone. Finally, we propose to use the estimation of such parameters as the Cl mass fraction and the Ca/Cl mass fraction ratio as an additional test for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant GCT.

The variation with age of the mass fraction of 54 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Be, Bi, Br, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Hf, Hg, Ho, Ir, La, Li, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb, Zn, and Zr) in intact nonhyperplastic prostate of 65 healthy 21–87 year old males was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This work revealed that there is a significant tendency for an increase in Bi, Cd, Co, Fe, Hg, Sc, Sn, Th, U, and Zn (p

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0-30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work's results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0-30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.

The effect of age on trace element contents in intact prostate of 50 apparently healthy 0–30 year old males was investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for mass fraction (milligram per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of trace elements were: Ag 0.0708 ± 0.0096, Co 0.0348 ± 0.0040, Cr 0.466 ± 0.069, Fe 100 ± 10, Hg 0.0258 ± 0.0025, Rb 12.6 ± 0.8, Sb 0.0576 ± 0.0066, Sc 0.0125 ± 0.0016, Se 0.478 ± 0.031, and Zn 273 ± 31, respectively. A strongly pronounced tendency of age-related increase in Se and Zn mass fraction and of age-related decrease in Co, Cr, Fe, and Sc mass fraction was observed in period of life from 0 to 30 years.

The questions about the androgen control and the involvement of trace elements in prostatic reproductive function still remain unanswered. One valuable way to elucidate the situation is to compare the values for the prostatic mass fractions of trace elements in pre-and post-pubertal boys. The effect of age on the mass fraction of 54 trace elements in intact prostate of 50 apparently healthy 0-30 years old males was investigated by neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for mass fraction (milligram per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of trace elements were: Ag 0.062 ± 0.008, Al 80 ± 18, Au 0.0092 ± 0.0024, B 5.9 ± 3.5, Be 0.0034 ± 0.0009, Bi 0.018 ± 0.010, Br 26 ± 3, Cd 0.26 ± 0.05, Ce 0.049 ± 0.012, Co 0.035 ± 0.004, Cr 0.49 ± 0.07, Cs 0.036 ± 0.005, Dy 0.0072 ± 0.0018, Er 0.0040 ± 0.0011, Fe 100 ± 10, Gd 0.0065 ± 0.0018, Hg 0.031 ± 0.004, Ho 0.0013 ± 0.0004, La 0.034 ± 0.007, Li 0.064 ± 0.009, Mn 1.69 ± 0.15, Mo 0.54 ± 0.13, Nb 0.013 ± 0.004, Nd 0.025 ± 0.006, Ni 4.1 ± 0.6, Pb 1.3 ± 0.2, Pr 0.0058 ± 0.0015, Rb 14.5 ± 0.8, Sb 0.051 ± 0.006, Sc 0.013 ± 0.002, Se 0.54 ± 0.03, Sm 0.0055 ± 0.0015, Sn 0.22 ± 0.05, Tb 0.0012 ± 0.0004, Th 0.0076 ± 0.0020, Ti 2.8 ± 0.5, Tl 0.0032 ± 0.0009, Tm 0.00064 ± 0.00017, U 0.0025 ± 0.0004, Y 0.036 ± 0.010, Yb 0.0037 ± 0.0012, Zn 281 ± 32, and Zr 0.16 ± 0.04. The upper limit of mean mass fraction of As, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ir, Lu, Pd, Pt, Re, and Ta were: As ≤ 0.069, Eu ≤ 0.0012, Ga ≤ 0.071, Hf ≤ 0.049, Ir ≤ 0.00054, Lu ≤ 0.00063, Pd ≤ 0.014, Pt ≤ 0.0029, Re ≤ 0.0048, and Ta ≤ 0.010. This work revealed that there is a significant tendency for the mass fractions of Cd, Se and Zn in the prostate tissue of healthy individuals to increase with age from the time of birth up to 30 years. It was also shown that high levels of Al, Au, B, Br, Cr, Ga, Li, and Ni mass fraction in prostate tissue do not indicate a direct involvement of these elements in the reproductive function of prostate.

A facility and method for 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) were developed to determine the Fe, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr concentrations in the specimens of human prostatic fluid. Specimens of expressed prostatic fluid were obtained from 51 men (mean age 51 years, range 18–82 years) with apparently normal prostates using standard rectal massage procedure. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for concentration of trace elements (mg L−1) in human prostate fluid were: Fe 9.04 ± 1.21, Zn 573 ± 35, Br 3.58 ± 0.59, Rb 1.10 ± 0.08, and Sr ≤ 0.76. It was shown that the results of trace element analysis in the micro-samples (20 μL) are sufficiently representative for assessment of the Fe, Zn, Br, and Rb concentration in the prostate fluid. The facility for 109Cd radionuclide-induced EDXRF is comparatively compact and can be located in close proximity to the site of carrying out the massage procedure. The means of Zn and Rb concentration obtained for prostate fluid agree well with median of reported means. For the first time, the Fe and Br concentrations, as well as the upper limit of the Sr concentration, were determined in the human prostate fluid.

The Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and P content and Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Na, Cl/Ca, and Cl/Na ratios in samples of intact cortical bone, inflamed bone and osteogenic sarcoma tissue were investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. In osteogenic sarcoma tissue the mass fractions of Cl and Na are higher and the mass fraction of Ca is lower than that of both normal and inflamed bone tissues. It was shown that the differences between the Cl/Ca ratio can be used as an additional test for differential diagnosis between normal or inflamed bone and osteogenic sarcoma.

A method for radionuclide-induced (109Cd) energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) was used to determine Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents in intact and morphologic normal prostate tissues. Prostates were removed at necropsy from 64 men (mean age 36.5 years, range 13–60) who had died suddenly. All materials were divided into two parts. One part was morphologically examined, whereas chemical element contents of the other were estimated. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for mass fraction of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn (mg kg−1 on dry-weight basis) in the intact and morphologic normal prostate tissue were 35.5 ± 4.0, 107 ± 5.4, 17.1 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 0.3, and 850 ± 79, respectively. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, and Zn/Sr ratios of mass fraction were 8.72 ± 0.80, 57.4 ± 7.2, and 567 ± 82, respectively. A strongly pronounced tendency of age-related exponential increase in Zn mass fraction as well an increase in Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, and Zn/Sr ratios in prostate was observed. A significant positive correlation was seen between the prostatic zinc and iron contents (p ≤ 0.05, r = 0.22) and between the prostatic zinc and bromine contents (p ≤ 0.01, r = 0.43). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effect of age on chemical element contents in intact prostate of 64 apparently healthy 13–60 years old men was investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for content (mg/kg, dry weight basis) of chemical elements were: Br–31.6 ± 3.2, Ca–2150 ± 160, Cl–12670 ± 675, K–12010 ± 400, Mg–1150 ± 75, Mn–1.56 ± 0.09, and Na–10520 ± 340, respectively. A tendency of age-related increase in Ca content and decrease in Mn content was observed.

A facility and method for radionuclide-induced (109Cd) energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) were developed to determine the Zn content in the needle-biopsy specimens of human prostate. The material received from 33 subjects was used for quality control of Zn results and estimation of Br, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents in prostate: 23 patients (13 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and 10 cancer) and 10 apparently healthy persons (control group of men died unexpectedly). All materials were divided into two parts. One of them was morphologically examined while Zn content of another one was estimated. Mean values (M ± SEM) for mass fraction of Zn (mg kg−1 on dry weight basis) in normal, hyperplastic and cancerous prostate tissues were 1110 ± 140, 1140 ± 110, and 134 ± 18, respectively. It was shown that the needle-biopsy specimens were sufficiently representative for an assessment of the Zn content in affected tissue of prostate. The developed method provides Zn estimation in both fresh and dry needle-biopsy specimens, as well as in samples made of lyophilized and homogenized tissues of resected prostate. The facility for EDXRF is comparatively compact and can be located in close proximity to the site of carrying out the biopsy procedure. Additionally, the developed facility and method allow to determine Br, Rb, and Sr contents in samples of prostate tissue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effect of age on trace element contents in rib bone of 24 healthy 16–55-year old men was investigated by INAA. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for mass fraction of Co, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn (mg/kg on dry weight basis) were: 0.0030 ± 0.0005, 150 ± 20, 1.70 ± 0.30, 260 ± 30, and 76 ± 4, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of Ce, Cs, Eu, Hg, and Se were: ≤0.03, ≤0.01, ≤0.001, ≤0.008, and ≤0.03, respectively. The contents of Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Cd, Cr, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Nd, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zr were under detection limits. No changes of trace element contents with age were found.

Background: Adenocarcinoma of prostate is an internationally important health problem of the man, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the prostatic tissue levels of Zn, as an androgen dependent trace element and Br, Fe, Rb, and Sr, as androgen independent trace elements, exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Methods and findings: Prostatic tissue levels of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn as well as ratio of Zn content to other trace element contents were prospectively evaluated in 35 patients with adenocarcinoma and 37 healthy male inhabitants. Measurements were performed using 109 Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis. Mean values ± standard error of means (M ± SEΜ) for mass fraction (mg/kg on dry mass basis) of trace element in the normal tissue was: Br 38.8 ± 5.6, Fe 118 ± 8, Rb 16.3 ± 1.1, Sr 2.5 ± 0.4, and Zn 1154 ± 119, respectively. M ± SEΜ for ratio of mass fractions were: Zn/Br 38.7 ± 6.4, Zn/Fe 11.2 ± 1.3, Zn/Rb 71.7 ± 9.0 and Zn/Sr 534 ± 83, respectively. The contents of Rb and Zn were significantly lower (approximately 2 and 8 times, respectively) and those of Br and Sr was significantly higher (2.7 and 2.2 times, respectively) in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. Conclusions: There are great changes in trace element contents and their relationships in the malignantly transformed tissue of prostate.

The calibration and application of a facility, based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis (EDXRF) using 109Cd as an excitation source, for in vivo and in vitro estimation of Ca, Pb, Sr and Zn in tooth enamel is described. During the in vivo measurements, the device ensures tissue protection of face and mouth cavity from radiation, and only a small part of tooth surface under study is irradiated. To calibrate the facility, the contents of Ca, Sr and Zn were analyzed simultaneously in the enamel of 50 teeth by EDXRF and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Standards prepared from powdered tooth enamel with additions of chemically pure lead compounds were used to calibrate for lead graduation. Enamel calcium is suggested as an internal standard during in vivo EDXRF of teeth. The content of enamel Sr, Zn and Pb was determined by EDXRF in 35 permanent intact teeth of teenagers and adults. It was shown that lead concentration didn't exceed 3 micrograms/g for all the teeth.

Androgen-Dependent Chemical Elements of Prostate Gland FTo clarify androgen-dependence of chemical element mass fractions in prostate gland, a quantitative measurement by five analytical methods was performed. The intact prostate glands of 50 subjects (European-Caucasian aged 0–30 years) was investigated by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), an instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides (INAA-SLR), an instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides (INAA-LLR), an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Possible losses of seven chemical elements were investigated in biological tissues during freeze-drying in vacuum. Thyroid glands were taken during post-mortem examination of 23 people died of different diseases. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to estimate contents of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, and Na. The nuclear reator vertical channel with flux density of 1.2·1013n·cm−2·s−1 was used for neutron irradiation. The analysis was carried out using short-lived radionuclides induced in samples after neutron irradiation. Then thyroids were freeze-dried at below 0 °C in vaccum up to the constant mass (lyophilisation) and then homogenized. Samples of lyophilised and homogenized tissues were again studied by INAA. The lack of difference between the results of the analysis before and after lyophilisation is an evedence of no loss of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg and Na during freeze-drying of biotissues in vaccum.

Zinc concentration in a prostate gland is much higher than that in other human tissues. Data about zinc changes for different prostate diseases are limited and greatly contradictory. Zinc content was determined for biopsy and resected materials of transrectal puncture tissues from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. There were 109 patients (50 BPH and 59 cancer) available for the present study. Control group consisted of 37 intact glands of men died an unexpected death (accident, murder, acute cardiac insufficiency, etc.). All materials studied were divided into two parts. One of them was morphologically examined, while another one was subjected to zinc analysis by INAA. Zinc contents (M±SE) of normal, benign hyperplastic and cancerous prostate glands were found to be 1018±124, 1142±77, and 146±10 μg/g dry tissue, respectively. It was shown that zinc assessments in the materials of transrectal puncture biopsy of indurated prostate sites can be used as an additional test for differential diagnostics of BPH and cancer. Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the test are 98±2%.

The variation with age of the mass fraction of 37 chemical elements in intact nonhyperplastic prostate of 65 healthy 21–87 year old males was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short- and long-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M±SEΜ) for mass fractions (mg kg−1, dry mass basis) of the chemical elements studied were: Ag—0.055±0.007, Br—33.2±3.3, Ca—2150±118, Cl—13014±703, Co—0.038±0.003, Cr—0.47±0.05, Fe—99.3±6.1, Hg—0.044±0.006, K—11896±356, Mg—1149±68, Mn—1.41±0.07, Na—10886±339, Rb—12.3±0.6, Sb—0.049±0.005, Sc—0.021±0.003, Se—0.65±0.03, and Zn—795±71. The mass fraction of other chemical elements measured in this study were lower than the corresponding detection limits (mg kg−1, dry mass basis): As

The effect of age on the mass fraction of 19 chemical elements in the intact prostate of 50 apparently healthy 0-30-year-old males was investigated by neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Mean values (M ± standard error of the mean) for mass fraction (in milligrams per kilogram, on dry weight basis) of chemical elements were as follows: Al, 77 ± 17; B, 1.31 ± 0.29; Ba, 4.0 ± 1.2; Br, 37.7 ± 4.3; Ca, 1,536 ± 189; Cl, 13,414 ± 949; Cu, 12.3 ± 2.1; Fe, 132 ± 11; K, 11,547 ± 468; Li, 0.064 ± 0.009; Mg, 922 ± 89; Mn, 1.88 ± 0.16; Na, 9,834 ± 411; P, 6,741 ± 335; S, 8,034 ± 251; Si, 199 ± 34; Sr, 1.40 ± 0.19; and Zn, 277 ± 33. The upper limit of mean mass fraction of V was ≤0.24. This work revealed that there is significant tendency for the mass fractions of Ca, K, Mg, and Zn in the prostate tissue of healthy individuals to increase with age from the time of birth up to 30 years. It means that Ca, K, Mg, and Zn mass fractions in prostate tissue are the androgen-dependent parameters. Our finding of a positive correlation between the prostatic Zn and Ca, K, Mg, P, and S mass fractions indicates that there is a special relationship of Zn with some main electrolytes (Ca, K, and Mg) and with P- and S-containing compounds in the prostate. It was shown also that high levels of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Li, Na, and Sr mass fraction in prostate tissue do not indicate a direct involvement of these elements in the reproductive function of the prostate.

The effect of age on chemical element mass fractions in intact prostate of 50 apparently healthy 0-30 year old males was investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for mass fraction (mgkg(-1), dry mass basis) of chemical elements before the time of puberty and in the period of puberty and post-puberty were: Br 46.0 ± 6.7, Ca 1151 ± 140, Cl 14572 ± 700, K 10147 ± 700, Mg 771 ± 131, Mn 2.13 ± 0.25, Na 9880 ± 659 and Br 29.0 ± 4.6, Ca 2049 ± 364, Cl 11518 ± 1121, K 13029 ± 542, Mg 1186 ± 134, Mn 1.74 ± 0.16, Na 9887 ± 716, respectively. A tendency of age-related increase in Ca, K, and Mg mass fraction and of age-related decrease in Br mass fraction was observed in period of life from 0 to 30 years. This new data indicates that of the elements studied, only the Ca, K, and Mg mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter.

The effect of age and gender on 59 trace-element contents in rib bone of 80 apparently healthy 15-55-year-old women (n = 38) and men (n = 42) was investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean values (M ± SEΜ) for the mass fraction (milligrams per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Cu, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, U, Yb, and Zn for both female and male taken together were: Ba 2.5 ± 0.2, Bi 0.015 ± 0.002, Cd 0.044 ± 0.005, Ce 0.029 ± 0.002, Cu 1.05 ± 0.06, Dy 0.0020 ± 0.0003, Er 0.0011 ± 0.0002, Gd 0.0015 ± 0.0001, La 0.020 ± 0.002, Li 0.040 ± 0.002, Mn 0.354 ± 0.004, Mo 0.052 ± 0.006, Nd 0.011 ± 0.001, Pb 2.24 ± 0.14, Pr 0.0032 ± 0.0004, Rb 1.51 ± 0.06, Sm 0.0014 ± 0.0001, Sr 291 ± 20, Tb 0.00041 ± 0.00005, Tl 0.00050 ± 0.00003, U 0.0013 ± 0.0001, Yb 0.00072 ± 0.00007, and Zn 92.8 ± 1.5, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of Ag, Al, B, Be, Br, Cr, Cs, Hg, Ho, Lu, Ni, Sb, Te, Th, Ti, Tm, and Y were: Ag ≤ 0.011, Al ≤ 7.2, B ≤ 0.65, Be ≤ 0.0032, Br ≤ 3.9, Cr ≤ 0.25, Cs ≤ 0.0077, Hg ≤ 0.018, Ho ≤ 0.00053, Lu ≤ 0.00024, Ni ≤ 1.05, Sb ≤ 0.0096, Te ≤ 0.0057, Th ≤ 0.0030, Ti ≤ 2.8, Tm ≤ 0.00006, and Y ≤ 0.0047, respectively. In all bone samples, the contents of As, Au, Co, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, V, W, and Zr were under detection limits. The Ce, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, and Yb contents increase with age. Higher Sr mass fraction is typical of female rib as compared to those in male bone.

The chemical element contents in scalp hair of 80 apparently healthy 15- to 58-year-old citizens (36 females and 44 males) of a non-industrial region in the Central European part of Russia were investigated by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The summary of statistics, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, minimum and maximum values, median, percentiles with 0.025 and 0.975 levels for mass fraction of 44 chemical elements: Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Hg, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Tm, V, Yb and Zn, were determined for hair of females, males and both females and males taken together. The correlations between element contents in hair and bone are also presented.

The effect of age and gender on major, minor and trace element contents in the intact rib-bone of 84 apparently healthy 15?58 year-old citizens (38 females and 46 males) of a non-industrial region in the Central European part of Russia was investigated by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The summary of statistics, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, minimum and maximum values, median, percentiles with 0.025 and 0.975 levels for mass fraction of 44 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Hg, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, P, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, U, V, Yb, Zn and Zr) were determined for rib-bone of females, of males and of both females and males taken together.