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The aim of this study was to understand the interaction between transthyretin (TTR) and halogenated phenols (HPs) including 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2‐bromophenol (2‐BP), 2,4‐dibromophenol (DBP) and 2,4,6‐tribromophenol (TBP). Computer simulation and multi‐spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the interaction. The fluorescence of TTR was found to be quenched through static quenching and non‐radiative energy transfer by HPs, suggesting that the binding process between HPs and TTR was primarily influenced by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. ANS substitution experiments indicated that HPs interacted with TTR at the T4 binding site. Three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the conformational and microenvironmental changes of TTR resulting from the interactions with HPs. Additionally, molecular docking and reduced density gradient analysis were used to identify the specific residues and binding forces involved in the interaction between HPs and TTR binding sites. The findings were subsequently validated through quantum chemical analysis. This research integrates state‐of‐the‐art multispectral analytical methodologies with sophisticated computational modeling to introduce an innovative approach for dissecting the interactions between halogenated phenols (HPs) and transthyretin (TTR). This methodology offers a novel avenue for investigating the molecular interplay between HPs and TTR, thereby providing critical insights that are instrumental in assessing the latent toxicity of these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and potential antihyperlipidemic effects of Allspice (Pimenta dioica) leaf essential oil. The oil yield from hydro-distillation was 1.61 ± 0.35% (v/w), with major compounds identified by GC-MS analysis as eugenol (72.06 ± 3.93%), β-pinene (9.29 ± 3.33%), chavicol (6.95 ± 0.6%), limonene (3.05 ± 0.71%), and 3-octenol (1.55 ± 1.07%). The oil's antioxidant activity (426 ± 3.5 mg TE g−1) was attributed to polyphenols. It also reduced porcine pancreatic lipase activity, suggesting potential in managing dietary lipids. Molecular docking showed strong binding to CES1, with eugenol, limonene, β-pinene, and octenol outperforming the control (probucol). ADME-Tox predictions indicated favorable pharmacological profiles with controlled lipophilicity and toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This current article was dedicated to the determination of the composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of four species of the genus Filipendula in order to establish a connection between the composition of polyphenols and biological effects. A chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the extracts studied depended both on the plant species and its part (leaf or flower) and on the extractant used. All four species of Filipendula were rich sources of phenolic compounds and contained hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, phenolic acids and their derivatives, and flavonoids. The activities included data on those that are most important for creating functional foods with Filipendula plant components: the influence on blood coagulation measured by prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, and on the activity of the digestive enzymes (pancreatic amylase and lipase). It was established that plant species, their parts, and extraction methods contribute meaningfully to biological activity. The most prominent result is as follows: the plant organ determines the selective inhibition of either amylase or lipase; thus, the anticoagulant activities of F. camtschatica and F. stepposa hold promise for health-promoting food formulations associated with general metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to conduct chemical analyses of bioactive compounds found in the bark and leaves of Humiria balsamifera (Aubl.) A. St. Hil. and Hymenaea courbaril L. Chemical screening was performed to detect the presence of secondary metabolites. Quantification of the concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and antioxidants was performed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry through recommended methodologies. Extracts of the leaves of Humiria balsamifera (Aubl.) A. St. Hil. were found to have high concentrations of flobabénic tannins. Tannins, flavonoids, flavonols, flavonones, flavanonols, xanthones, steroids, and saponins were also found in bark extracts of the same species. The plant species Humiria balsamifera (Aubl.) A. St. Hil. and Hymenaea courbaril L. showed potential for antioxidant activity and for use in the pharmacological and food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the ovicidal and larvicidal effects of a hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) and two fractions—one aqueous (Aq-F) and the other organic (EtOAc-F)—from dehydrated Cyrtocarpa procera leaves on Haemonchus contortus. In addition, the primary compounds in the HAE and the fractions were identified. The egg hatching inhibition (% EHI) and L3 larval mortality (% Mortality) tests were performed. The treatments used in the EHI test were HAE (12.5–200 mg mL-1), Aq-F (5 and 10 mg mL-1), and EtOAc-F (0.62–10 mg mL-1); for larval mortality, HAE (50– 200 mg mL-1), Aq-F (20–40 mg mL-1), and EtOAc-F (2.5–40 mg mL-1). Thiabendazole (0.1 mg mL-1) and ivermectin (5 mg mL-1) were used as positive controls, while methanol (3 %) and distilled water were negative controls. The results were analyzed using a completely randomized design and an ANOVA. The main compounds in the extract and fractions were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The HAE had a 100 % ovicidal effect at the highest concentration tested, while EtOAc-F had a nearly 100 % ovicidal effect at 1.25 mg mL-1, and Aq-F displayed the lowest ovicidal effect. Regarding larval mortality, the HAE exerted a larvicidal effect close to 80 % at 100 mg mL-1, while EtOAc-F displayed a larval mortality of 71.47 % at 20 mg mL-1. The chemical analysis indicated the presence of gallic acid, derivatives of gallic acid (gallates), kaempferol rutinoside, quercetin glycoside, and luteolin glycoside. This study shows evidence of the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of C. procera, which could make it useful as a natural anthelmintic in the control of H. contortus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A renewed understanding of eco-friendly principles is moving the industrial sector toward a shift in the utilization of less harmful solvents as a main strategy to improve manufacturing. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has definitely paved the way for this transition by presenting green solvents to a larger audience. Among the most promising, surely DESs (deep eutectic solvents), NaDESs (natural deep eutectic solvents), HDESs (hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents), and HNaDESs (hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents), with their unique features, manifest a wide-range of applications, including their use as a means for the extraction of small bioactive compounds. In examining recent advancements, in this review, we want to focus our attention on some of the most interesting and novel 'solvent-free' extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in relation to the possibility of better exploiting DESs and NaDESs as plausible extracting solvents of the phenolic compounds (PCs) present in different matrices from olive oil components, such as virgin olive pomace, olive leaves and twigs, virgin and extra virgin olive oil (VOO and EVOO, respectively), and olive cake and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). Therefore, the status of DESs and NaDESs is shown in terms of their nature, efficacy and selectivity in the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals such as secoiridoids, lignans, phenolic acids and alcohols. Related studies on experimental design and processes' optimization of the most promising DESs/NaDESs are also reviewed. In this framework, an extensive list of relevant works found in the literature is described to consider DESs/NaDESs as a suitable alternative to petrochemicals in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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C. berlandieri ssp. berlandieri (C. berlandieri) is one of the most common members of the group of plants known as quelites, which are dark leafy greens widely consumed in Mexico. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two drying procedures (oven drying and freeze-drying/lyophilization) on the polyphenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and proximal chemical analysis of C. berlandieri leaves and inflorescences (raw or boiled). The results indicated that the raw freeze-dried samples had higher amounts (p < 0.05) of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, mainly in the inflorescence. The oven-dried samples showed an increased concentration of polyphenols after boiling, while the lyophilized samples showed a slightly decreased concentration. The drying process was observed to have little impact on the proximal chemical composition. Quantification by UPLC-DAD-ESI-QToF/MS identified up to 23 individual phenolic compounds, with freeze-dried samples showing higher amounts of individual compounds compared with oven-dried. Procyanidin B2 was found exclusively in the inflorescences. The inflorescences have a higher content of phenolic compounds and greater antioxidant capacity than the leaves. Regardless of the drying process, the leaves and inflorescences of C. berlandieri contain an interesting variety of phenolic compounds that may have beneficial effects on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion of materials remains a critical challenge with significant economic and infrastructural impacts. A comprehensive understanding of adsorption characteristics of phytochemicals can facilitate the effective design of high-performing environmentally friendly inhibitors. This study conducted a computational exploration of hydroxytyrosol (HTR) and tyrosol (TRS) (potent phenolic compounds found in olive leaf extracts), focusing on their adsorption and reactivity on iron surfaces. Utilizing self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantum chemical calculations (QCCs), we investigated the molecules' structural and electronic attributes and interactions with iron surfaces. The SCC-DFTB results highlighted that HTR and TRS coordinated with iron atoms when adsorbed individually, but only HTR maintained bonding when adsorbed alongside TRS. At their individual adsorption, HTR and TRS had interaction energies of −1.874 and −1.598 eV, which became more negative when put together (−1.976 eV). The MD simulations revealed parallel adsorption under aqueous and vacuum conditions, with HTR demonstrating higher adsorption energy. The analysis of quantum chemical parameters, including global and local reactivity descriptors, offered crucial insights into molecular reactivity, stability, and interaction-prone atomic sites. QCCs revealed that the fraction of transferred electron ∆N aligned with SCC-DFTB results, while other parameters of purely isolated molecules failed to predict the same. These findings pave the way for potential advancements in anticorrosion strategies leveraging phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine tastes better with age because of a complex chemical reaction among sugars, acids, and phenolic compounds. This study investigates if applying ultrasonic waves to wine would significantly reduce its perceived astringency levels. Ultrasonic (US) waves were applied to samples of a young Cabernet Sauvignon using a 24 kHz ultrasonic processor and sonotrode probe by varying time,, and amplitude at three levels. To objectively assess the relationship between the US waves and astringency, physical and chemical analysis was carried out that confirmed the underlying assumptions. While the pH of the treated samples decreased slightly, there was no change in color (Hunter CIE Color L*a*b*). Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Anthocyanin Content (TAC), and Tannin Concentration (TC) were significantly different (p ≤.05) among all samples, indicating the impact of sonication on astringency causing components. Additionally, Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy confirmed that there were notable changes in the spectra, attributed to tannins, of wine after the application of sonication in comparison to untreated wine samples. The perception of astringent flavor was evaluated by (i) expert wine tasters and (ii) untrained panelists (n = 60) who were able to clearly distinguish between treated and untreated samples (p ≤.05) and preferred sonicated samples (180 sec, 100% amplitude) over the control samples, supporting the hypothesis that sonication reduces the astringency of red wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HYDROXAMATE siderophores are low molecular weight, high-affinity ferric iron-chelating compounds which are excreted by Aspergillus fumigatus for iron transport extracellularly or iron storage intracellularly. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from different samples, then siderophores were extracted from A. fumigatus by phenol, and diethyl ether, and purified by amberlite XAD-16 resin. The chemical structure of siderophores was described by H¹NMR, ESI-MS/MS, and LC-MS/MS analysis. Also, antimicrobial activity was observed. From the elution profile of siderophores, the major peak was at fraction 28. As a result of H¹NMR analysis, the singlets assigned to the -C=O-CH=C (CH3) C-substructure were detected. The siderophore TafC had antibacterial activity against both G +ve and G -ve bacteria. Under different concentrations of iron, it can be deduced that the concentration of 0.03 mmol of iron at 20 hrs. incubation period was an ideal condition for mycelial fresh weight which positively affected, so production of siderophores increased. From chemical analysis, it was found that the chemical formula C39H58FeN6O15 was consistent with the known siderophore N, N', N"- triacetylfusarinine C (TafC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia absinthium, an important herb of the Artemisia genus, was evaluated in this study for its potential as an alternative to classical antibiotics. The antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of A. absinthium (MEAA) was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, revealing that A. absinthium exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the chemical profile of the MEAA, with a focus on flavonoids, quinic acids, and glucaric acids. A total of 90 compounds were identified, 69 of which were described for the first time in A. absinthium. Additionally, a new class of caffeoyl methyl glucaric acids was identified. The main active compounds were quantified and screened for antimicrobial activity. A. absinthium was found to be rich in quinic acids and flavonoids. The screening for antimicrobial activity also revealed that salicylic acid, caffeic acid, casticin, and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid had varying degrees of antimicrobial activity. The acute toxicity of MEAA was examined following OECD guidelines. The administration of 5000 mg/kg bw of MEAA did not result in mortality in male and female mice. Furthermore, there were no observed effects on the visceral organs or general behavior of the mice, demonstrating the good safety of MEAA. This study provides new evidence for the use of A. absinthium as an alternative to classical antibiotics in addressing the problem of bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the current study was to compare the chemical composition of the roots, shoots, and leaves of wild-growing Eryngium maritimum L., and of in vitro and in field-cultivated plants in Latvia. The essential oil yield obtained by hydrodistillation ranged from 0.14% to 0.54%, while analysis of the chemical composition using GC-MS revealed a total of 44 different volatiles, with differences in the types and amounts of volatiles between the leaves and roots. Using 96-well plate techniques, the concentration of total phenolic compounds, saponins, and sugars in the aqueous ethanolic extracts of E. maritimum were assessed, along with their capacity to scavenge stable DPPH radicals. Extracts from roots had a lower concentration of total phenolic compounds compared to those from the leaves of wild grown and cultivated plants but did not differ from in vitro shoots. Root, leaf, and shoot samples of the same genotype from different growth conditions had approximately the same concentration of total saponins, while total sugar concentrations were higher in the roots. The growth conditions had a significant effect on the concentration of total phenolic compounds and antiradical activity, with differences that were significant observed between plant aboveground and belowground parts. Analysis using UHPLC-ESI-q-TOF-MS revealed 63 compounds, with amino acids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (such as chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid) being the major compound groups that significantly differed between plant growth conditions. We also demonstrated that rapid screening of volatile compounds in in vitro plants using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses can predict the formation of marker compounds in the same mericlones grown in field conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the chemical composition of E. maritimum and its potential for use in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An anthocyanin-rich blue maize waste product was used for anthocyanin extraction. To preserve bioactive phenolic compounds, a spray-drying technique was employed using conventional wall material maltodextrin (MD), with novel one, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). The obtained spray-dried maize extract (SME) and microencapsulates were analyzed based on physicochemical powder properties, chemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and digestibility. The examined microencapsulates demonstrated good powder properties, exhibited a high powder yield (up to 83%), and had a low moisture content (less than 5%). HPBCD and MD + HPBCD combinations demonstrated superior powder properties in the terms of decreasing the time necessary for rehydration (133.25 and 153.8 s, respectively). The mean average particle diameter ranged from 4.72 to 21.33 µm. DSC analyses signified high powder thermal stability, around 200 °C, related to the increasing preservation with biopolymer addition. The total phenolic and anthocyanin compounds ranged from 30,622 to 32,211 mg CE/kg (CE—catechin equivalents) and from 9642 to 12,182 mg CGE/kg (CGE—cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents), respectively, associated with good bioactive compound protection. Microencapsulates with both carriers (15% MD and 15% HPBCD) had the highest digestibility (73.63%). Our results indicated that the microencapsulates created with the active ingredient and the wall materials (MD and HPBCD) could protect phenolic compounds/anthocyanins against ABTS radicals (63.53 and 62.47 mmol Trolox Eq/kg, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although bioprotection is now recognised as an alternative to SO2 for limiting microbial spoilage, it does not guarantee protection against oxidation. This limits its application, more specifically for rosé winemaking. Oenological tannins present antioxidant properties, which could represent an interesting alternative to SO2 to protect must and wines against oxidation. A combination of the inoculation of a bioprotectant yeast strain and the addition of oenological tannins was tested to eliminate sulfites during the pre-fermentative step of rosé winemaking. In this experiment carried out in a winery, two oenological tannins were compared: quebracho and gall nut tannins. The antioxidant efficiency of tannins was compared to that of SO2. Colorimetric assays associated with chemical analyses of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds confirmed that the use of bioprotection alone did not protect the wine from oxidation. An addition of oenological tannins on musts stabilized the colour of bioprotected rosé wine in a similar way that SO2 addition did. Quebracho tannins appeared more efficient than gall nut tannins. The colour differences observed cannot be explained either by the concentration or forms of anthocyanins. However, the addition of tannins led to better protection of oxidation-sensitive phenolic compounds comparable to that obtained with the addition of sulfites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study characterized "canudo de pito" honeys by melissopalynological analysis, physicochemical characteristics, sugars, minerals, aliphatic organic acids (AOA), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Our results indicated the presence of five plant families, especially from Escalloniaceae (Escallonia sp.) with a contribution of 31.0–47.7%. The honeys were in accordance with international physicochemical standards, except for electrical conductivity, suggesting a relationship with the high levels of minerals, mainly potassium. Also, this floral honey can be characterized as water-white honey and has low sucrose content. Among the AOA investigated, gluconic acid was the major (up to 1.06 g 100 g−1), while benzoic, ferulic, and syringic acids (up to 140, 122, and 319 µg 100 g−1, respectively) were the major phenolic compounds. This study is the first report on the composition of this exotic Brazilian honey and demonstrated its high quality and potential for national and international marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Barleria prionitis is known for its medicinal properties from ancient times. Bioactive iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds have been isolated from leaves of this plant. However, other parts of a medicinal plants are also important, especially roots. Therefore, it is important to screen all organs for complete chemical characterization. Method: All parts of B. prionitis, including leaf, root, stem and inflorescence in search of bioactive compounds, with a rapid and effective metabolomic method. X500R QTOF system with information dependent acquisition (IDA) method was used to collect high resolution accuratemass data (HRMS) on both the parent (MS signal) and their fragment ions (MS/MS signal). ESI spectra was obtained in positive ion mode from all parts of the plant. A comparative analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activity was done and their correlation study with the identified compounds was demonstrated. Principal component analysis was performed. Result: Iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds were identified from all parts of the showing variability in presence and abundance. Many of the compounds are reported first time in B. prionitis. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity was revealed in all organs, root being themost effective one. Some of the iridoid glycoside and phenolic compounds found to be positively correlated with the tested biological activity. Principal component analysis of the chemical profiles showed variability in distribution of the compounds. Conclusion: All parts of B. prionitis are rich source of bioactive iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimized extraction process of natural matrices such as propolis that results in extracts with significant compounds has been one of the main needs of the industry. The aim of this work was to analyze the content of the active components of Brazilian red propolis extracts previously treated with ultrasound, as well as to evaluate in vitro their performance regarding antioxidant capacity and against bacteria and tumor cells. The results of the chromatographic analysis showed the influence of ultrasound treatment for higher yields of formononetin and kaempferol. However, just a higher content of these two components was not enough to interfere with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids among the extracts. The ten extracts obtained showed activity against two bacterial strains, and eight of them showed >70% cytotoxicity against five neoplastic cell lines. These results demonstrated the influence of ultrasound technology as a pretreatment in obtaining the ethanolic extracts of propolis, increasing the possibility of the applicability of Brazilian red propolis in different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants present promising attributes in traditional medicine based on earlier published documents. Most of the essential oils derived from vascular plants display a significant role in dealing with microbial and inflammation infections. This research aimed to provide informative knowledge about the composition, antimicrobial, and anticytotoxicity of Salvia abrotanoides essential oil. In this study, the chemical composition of S. abrotanoides was determined using FTIR and GC-MS analysis which demonstrated the significant number of monoterpenes in the constitutes. The antimicrobial activity of EO demonstrated a dose-related effect on several pathogenic bacteria and fungi; among bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria exhibited more sensitivity to the essential oil antimicrobial compounds. On the other hand, S. abrotanoides essential oil did not present antifungal activity as high as Fluconazole on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of essential oil were determined as 14.70 ± 1.4 mg·GA/g essential oil and 2.93 ± 0.41 mg Q/g essential oil, respectively. The antioxidant activity of essential oils was investigated, and it was not as high as positive controls. Moreover, the microscopic changes of S. aureus and E. coli were investigated using SEM images. The cytotoxicity potential of essential oil was evaluated on L929 and A459 cell lines and also it was estimated to be stronger on A459 cell line than that of L929. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Nutrient composition of vegetables is critical for diet supplementation and disease management in phytomedicine. This study analyzed phytochemical and vitamin contents and antioxidant potentials of methanolic extracts of leaves and stems from Ocimum gratissimum (OG), Telfairia occidentalis (TO), Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Gongronema latifolium (GL) in Abia State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed phytochemicals, antioxidants and vitamins using standard analytical methods. Moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power were assessed using photometric assays. Results: Phytochemical analyses showed the highest concentrations in phenolic contents of the leaf extracts and flavonoid contents of the stem extracts of OG (6.16 ±0.02 mg/100 g and 5.40 ±0.01 mg/100 mg, respectively). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay indicated that the leaf extracts of TO and OG were consistently higher for scavenging activities at 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml concentrations, respectively. In contrast, stem extracts of VA and GL were higher at similar concentrations. The ferric reducing antioxidant power results demonstrated the highest values in the leaves and stems of OG (1.55 ±0.02 and 0.77 ±0.24 µm/fe(II)/l, respectively). Vitamin A and C compositions (mg/100 g) in the stem extracts were higher than those in the leaves; whereas, their leaf extracts included higher compositions of vitamin E (mg/100 g). Conclusions: This study suggests conscious incorporation of stems and leaves as vegetables in diets to boost diet and supplement biological antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress-induced diseases, developing SDGs two(2) and three(3) with focusing on malnutrition and promoting health and well-being of all ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative chemical analyses among peel and pulp essential oils (EOs) and methanolic extracts of four Citrus australasica varieties (Red, Collette, Pink Ice, and Yellow Sunshine), and the hybrid Faustrime, were performed using GC-MS and UHPLC-DAD-HR-Orbitrap/ESI-MS. Peel and pulp extracts were also analysed for their in vitro antioxidant activity on a Balb/3T3 clone A31 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line. The results of peel and pulp EOs were mainly characterised by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. All peels displayed a higher total phenol content (TPC) than pulps, and consequently a greater antioxidant activity. Collette peels and Pink Ice pulps showed the highest amount of identified flavonoids (e.g., luteolin, isosakuranetin, and poncirin derivatives). Collette and Red peels were rich in anthocyanins (delphinidin and petunidin glycosides), exhibiting the maximum protective activity against induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, finger lime fruits are good sources of health-promoting phytocomplexes, with the Red, Collette, and Pink Ice varieties being the most promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vaccinium genus, with over 200 species, is prized for its fruits and traditional medicinal uses. Introduced to South America in the 1980s, it has become a significant crop, particularly in Tucumán, Argentina. Southern highbush blueberries are the most cultivated. Recent research suggests that the leaves and stems of these species contain higher levels of beneficial compounds compared to fruits. This study explores the potential of V. myrtillus L. leaves and stems, typically discarded as agricultural waste, as sources of bioactive compounds. It provides the first detailed analysis of their anatomy and chemical composition, revealing high levels of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Leaf extracts show stronger antioxidant activity compared to stems. Toxicity tests on Artemia salina indicate their safety for further exploration. These findings suggest that V. myrtillus L. waste by-products could be valuable as sources of bioactive compounds, promoting their application in pharmaceuticals, food, or cosmetics industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morus alba L. is a plant with a long history of dietary and medicinal uses. We hypothesized that M. alba possesses a significant biological potential. In that sense, we aimed to generate the chemical, antimicrobial, toxicological, and molecular profile of M. alba leaf and fruit extracts. Our results showed that extracts were rich in vitamin C, phenols, and flavonoids, with quercetin and pterostilbene concentrated in the leaf, while fisetin, hesperidin, resveratrol, and luteolin were detected in fruit. Extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. The widest inhibition zones were in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 15.62 μg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis to 500 μg/ml in several bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 31.25 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml. Extracts impacted the biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent and species-specific manner. A significant difference in the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges between the methanolic extract of fruit (0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml), as well as for the frequency of micronuclei between ethanolic extract of leaf (2 μg/ml) and the control group was observed. Molecular docking suggested that hesperidin possesses the highest binding affinity for multidrug efflux transporter AcrB and acyl-PBP2a from MRSA, as well as for the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. This study, by complementing previous research in this field, gives new insights that could be of great value in obtaining a more comprehensive picture of the Morus alba L. bioactive potential, chemical composition, antimicrobial and toxicological features, as well as molecular profile. [Display omitted] • HPLC detected the presence of various polyphenolic compounds in Morus alba L. • M. alba extracts demonstrated genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes in vitro. • White mulberry extracts exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. • Hesperidin showed a high binding affinity for MRSA and SARS-CoV-2. • M. alba is a candidate for further pharmacological and phytotherapeutic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined chemical profiles, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils (EOs) obtained by A. visnaga aerial parts and F. vulgare fruits. Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester (38.8%), linalyl propionate (34.7%) and limonene (8.5%) resulted as main constituents of A. visnaga EO. In F. vulgare EO t rans -anethole (76.9%) and fenchone (14.1%) resulted as main components. The two EOs were active against five bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) at different degrees. The MIC values ranged from 5 ± 2 to 10 ± 2 μL/mL except for S. aureus (MIC >20 μL/mL). EOs exhibited inhibitory effect on the formation of biofilm up to 53.56 and 48.04% against E. coli and A. baumannii , respectively and activity against bacterial metabolism against A. baumannii and E. coli , with biofilm-inhibition ranging from 61.73 to 73.55%. The binding affinity of the identified components was estimated by docking them into the binding site of S. aureus gyrase (PDB code 2XCT) and S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PDB code 1JIJ). trans -Anethole and butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester showed relatively moderate binding interactions with the amino acid residues of S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In addition, almost all predicted compounds possess good pharmacokinetic properties with no toxicity, being inactive for cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity and immunotoxicity parameters. The results encourage the use of these EOs as natural antibacterial agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. [Display omitted] • EOs from A. visnaga and F. vulgare resulted rich in oxygenated monoterpenes. • EOs resulted active against A. baumannii , E. coli , L. monocytogenes , P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. • EOs showed inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by mentioned bacteria at different degrees. • Docking studies determined binding affinity of EOs components on S. aureus enzymes. • Results suggest a potential use of EOs in food and pharmaceutical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren, commonly known as rooibos tea, was consumed traditionally by the indigenous South African inhabitants as an herbal remedy. Beside antioxidant properties, it displays antiallergic, antispasmodic, and hypoglycemic activities. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors were developed for the determination of 14 phenolic constituents from leaves and stems of A. linearis. The efficient separation was performed within 30 min at a temperature of 30 °C by using C-18 column as the stationary phase and water/acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid as the mobile phase. Method validation for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection, and limits of quantification was achieved. The limits of detection from 0.2–1 μg/mL were reported for the standard compounds. Their total content varied substantially (1.50–9.85 mg/100 mg sample) in 21 dietary supplements. The presence of regioisomers and diastereomers which co-elute on a variety of stationary phases make separation for quantification purposes challenging. This method was found to be efficient in providing low retention times and excellent resolution for this type of phytochemicals. The established method is suitable for chemical fingerprint analysis of A. linearis and cost-effective for quality control of rooibos tea products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kraft lignin, the principal by‐product of the pulping industry, is an abundant yet highly underutilized aromatic resource. It is useful due to the vast scales involved as a source of fuels, chemicals, and functional materials when suitable postprocessing is applied. It is deemed to be a renewable alternative to fossil sources. Because of the extreme complexity of kraft lignin, in‐depth composition analysis and chemical structural identification are crucial for the development of effective valorization strategies. This work embarks on the characterization and identification of lignin‐derived phenolic compounds in representative hardwood (Eucalyptus) kraft lignin after selective fractionation using a single solvent. Advanced 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P NMR, and mass spectrometry in combination with synthetic authentic compounds are used for the structural identification of the low‐molecular‐weight fraction of kraft lignin. A total of 20 phenolic compounds, including several novel monomers (catechols), dimers (diarylethanes, diarylethenes, etc.), and trimers with triphenyl structures are systematically identified in the Eucalyptus kraft lignin. In addition, polysulfide is detected in the low‐molecular‐weight fraction, indicating that the oxidative polymerization of S2−/HS− occurrs during the kraft pulping process. An improved understanding of kraft lignin, especially the low‐Mw fraction, is expected to provide essential information for the selective fractionation and valorization of lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Salix spp. has long been recognized as a healing herb for its use in treating fever, inflammation, and pain relief, as well as a food source for its nutritional value. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential bioactive natural products in the leaves of Salix chaenomeloides , commonly known as Korean pussy willow, for their protective effects against skin damage, including aging. Utilizing LC/MS-guided chemical analysis of the ethanol extract of S. chaenomeloides leaves, with a focus on major compounds, we successfully isolated two main phenolic compounds, tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2). Subsequently, we investigated the protective effects of tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2) in TNF-α-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The results revealed that both tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2) inhibited TNF-α-stimulation-induced ROS, suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, and enhanced collagen secretion. This implies that both tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2) hold promise as preventive agents against photoaging-induced skin aging. Furthermore, we assessed the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) to elucidate the mechanism of photoaging inhibition by tremuloidin (2), which exhibited superior efficacy. We found that tremuloidin (2) inhibited ERK and p38 phosphorylation and notably suppressed COX-2 expression while significantly upregulating HO-1 expression. These findings suggest potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of tremuloidin (2), positioning it as a potential candidate for combating photoaging-induced skin aging. • LC/MS-guided chemical analysis of Salix chaenomeloides leaves led to the isolation of tremulacin and tremuloidin. • Tremulacin and tremuloidin inhibited TNF-α-stimulation-induced ROS in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). • They suppressed MMP-1 expression and enhanced collagen secretion. • Tremuloidin inhibited ERK and p38 phosphorylation and suppressed COX-2 expression while upregulating HO-1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Phenolic compounds and anthocyanins became more bioaccessible after in vitro digestion of Blackcurrant press cake [BPC]. • Crude and digested BPC did not exert cytotoxicity in cell culture. • Digested BPC exerts less antioxidant activity in endothelial cells and erythrocytes than BPC. • In silico analysis demonstrated that all analyzed compounds present antioxidant activity. This study describes the bioaccessibility in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity before and after in vitro digestion from blackcurrant press cake extracts (BPC) and the bioactivity in cell culture, human erythrocytes as well as the in silico analysis. Chemical analysis of BPC presented an increase in TPC (270%) and anthocyanins (136%) after in vitro digestion, resulting in an improvement of antioxidant activity (DPPH 112%; FRAP: 153%). This behavior may be related to the highest activity of cyanidin-3-rutinoside, as confirmed by in silico analysis. The digested BPC did not exert cytotoxicity in cells and showed less antioxidant activity against the oxidative damage induced in endothelial cells and human erythrocytes compared to the non-digested extract. The results raise a question about the reliability we should place on results obtained only from crude samples, especially those that will be used to produce foods or nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighteen novel 3/5(3,5)-(di)nitropaeonol hydrazone derivatives were prepared, and their structures well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, and mp. Due to the steric hindrance, the substituents on the C = N double bond of all hydrazine compounds (except E/Z = 4/1 for IV-1g, IV-1l, IV-2b, and E/Z = 3/2 for IV-1n, IV-3a) adopted E configuration. Among all compounds, four compounds 2, 4, IV-1j, and IV-1n exhibited potent nematicidal activity than their precursor paeonol, especially 5-nitropaeonol (2) and 3,5-dinitropaeonol (4) displayed the most potent nematicidal activity Heterodera glycines in vivo with LC50 values of 32.3307 and 36.7074 mg/L, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological, mineral and bioactive compounds of blackberry grown in a subtropical region. Blackberries fruits (Rubus sp.), Grown in an orchard of Unioeste, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon (Paraná, Brazil), were used. Immediately after harvest, the fruits were taken to the Food Technology Laboratory for chemical analysis and bioactive compounds. The fruit samples for the analysis of reducing, bromatological and mineral sugars were frozen and sent to private laboratories. Hybrids are more perishable than cultivars. There is variation in color among the cultivars and hybrids studied. Hybrids and cultivars of black mulberry have a high content of ascorbic acid and fibers, with emphasis on the cultivar Tupy (75.0 mg 100 mL-1 and 7.23, respectively). Higher pH is verified in the cultivars Tupy and Arapaho (3.22 and 3.24, respectively). The Arapaho cultivar has fewer acid fruits (0.25 g 100 g-1), SS/total acidity ratio (36.88) and reducing sugar content (8.28 g 100g-1). Blackberry fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as cv. Chickasaw obtaining a higher content of total phenolic compounds (1368.84 mg EAG100mL-1) and the Boysenberry hybrid a greater amount of anthocyanin (5.11mg Ci-3-Gly g-1). The Chickasaw cultivar has a higher lipid content (4.59). There is no difference in moisture content, dry biomass and fruit firmness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Criteria for identification of Plecthrantus neochilus. • Anatomical description of leaf trichomes. • Detailing of the chemical profile of the species. • Contribution to cytogenetics of the genus Plecthrantus. Although used for medicinal purposes, there are many inconsistencies in the literature regarding the identification of Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. due to the morphological similarities with other species belonging to the so-called " P. caninus complex". Studies that develop tools for the correct identification of medicinal plants are of vital importance as the use of the wrong species can lead to serious health problems. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine a profile to identify individuals of P. neochilus based on anatomic, chemical and cytogenetic analyses. The cytogenetic analysis showed that all the individuals used in the present study belonged to the same species (2n = 30), P. neochilus, in agreement with literature. The presence of diacytic stomata, absence of digitiform trichome, distribution of peltate glandular trichomes on both sides of the leaves are also in agreement with previous reports for P. neochilus. However, the leaf mesophyll and the layout and morphology of glandular trichomes were different from those previously described in the literature. Histochemical tests showed the absence of phenolic compounds but presence of total and neutral terpenes and lipids. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation contained β-caryophyllene as the major compound (20.11%) which also coincides with other studies of P. neochilus in Brazil. These results show the cytogenetic, anatomical and the chemical profile of the essential oil of P. neochilus in Brazil and can be used as a tool for its identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study described the production method of novel whiskey using black pepper berries as raw material including the determination of chemical composition and sensory profile of this distillate. The production process consisted of production of fermentation medium via hydrothermal treatment, followed by fermentation and distillation. The incorporation of hydrothermal extraction process makes this whiskey production process differ from the existing commercial spirit production protocol. Chemical composition analysis showed that there were 12 main volatile compounds that contribute to the aroma profile of this pepper whiskey which consisted of 1 aldehyde group, 3 ester groups, 2 phenolic compounds, and 6 alcohol groups. All of these compounds are presented at different concentrations that are able to give pleasant and signature aroma to this spirit. A 10-member descriptive analysis panel conducted showed that 7 descriptors can be used to define the organoleptic quality of this whiskey, namely, clarity and brilliance (visual), fruity and flora (aroma), spiciness and sweetness (taste), and fruity mouthfeels. In conclusion, pepper berries can be used as raw material for pepper whiskey production and having organoleptic quality acceptable for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, also known as maqui, is a plant native to Chile without chemical characterization and quantification of the bioactive compounds present in it. HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS studies have shown the presence, at different concentrations, of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds in fruit and leave extracts of the domesticated maqui clones Luna Nueva, Morena, and Perla Negra. The extracts from leaves and unripe fruits of Luna Nueva and Morena clones significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by several agonists; the extracts inhibit platelet granule secretion by decreasing the exposure of P-selectin and CD63 at the platelet membrane. Reactive oxygen species formation in platelets is lower in the presence of maqui extracts. Statistical Pearson analysis supports the levels of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds being responsible for the antiaggregant maqui effects. This work is the first evidence of antiplatelet activity from Aristotelia chilensis giving added value to the use of leaves and unripe fruits from this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds, including a nor-pimarane diterpenoid (continentanol, 1) and a phenolic derivative (aralianic acid, 2), along with the known diterpenoids (3–11), polyacetylenes (12–15), phenolic components (16–28), and phytosterols (29 and 30), were isolated from roots of Aralia continentalis. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic data interpretation, particularly HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR data including HSQC and HMBC. Also, those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with those of the reported values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are emerging as a new class of 'green' solvents for use in a wide range of chemical processes. RTILs can sensitize or quench fluorescence of organic chemicals and their interactions still remain unclear, especially for weakly fluorescent chemicals. Herein, we report the effects of six RTILs on the fluorescence behavior of bisphenol A (BPA). The fluorescence intensities (FIs) of BPA in a RTIL-acetonitrile system were significantly quenched compared to acetonitrile. The quenching effect was stronger for [CnMIM]BF4 than [CnMIM]PF6. A decreasing trend of fluorescence lifetime (FL) of BPA was observed for [C6MIM]PF6 (4.26 to 3.86 ns) and [C14MIM]PF6 (4.15 to 3.78 ns) with increasing RTIL concentrations in the range of 1-10 mM. The quenching mode was consistent with a static quenching mechanism based on the consistency of FL and FI results. The emission bands of BPA and RTILs did not interfere with each other when RTILs were used as the solvent. The investigated RTILs enhanced the FIs of strongly fluorescing chemicals (12.0 ~ 19.0-fold for norfloxacin and 6.1 ~ 8.5-fold for dansyl chloride), but quenched those of weakly fluorescing chemicals (BPA). These results demonstrate that RTILs have different fluorescent effects on organic chemicals with different fluorophores. The interactions between RTILs and BPA result from many factors in addition to viscosity, such as solvent electrostatic dielectric constant, refractive index, density, polarization and molecular interaction. These results provide a theoretical foundation for application of RTILs in the analysis of weakly fluorescing chemical.

This study carried out to clarify the effect of adding grinded Eobania vermiculata to improve the properties of forages used against different ages of Rattus norvegicus (immature males and females, mature males and females and pregnant and lactating females). Obtained results confirmed that this addition of ground snail had a clear effect on the attractiveness of the forages for all tested ages as the number of visits and the time spent next to the forages were increased. Different concentrations (10, 15 and 20%) of grinded E. vermiculata mixed with the formulated feed of R. norvegicus. Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between the increasing in concentration and the amount of forage consumed by all tested ages. The effect of 4-ethyl phenol and ground E. vermiculata on the properties of rat forages compared. The higher effect on attractiveness recorded for 4-ethyl phenol, but the mature male and female of R. norvegicus preferred feeding more on the snail forages. Formulated feed with 20% ground E. vermiculata mixed with 1 and 2.5% of 4-ethyl phenol. This led to positive results as the amount of food consumed increased compared to the control. However, when the concentration of this substance increased to 5% the feed consumption for male and female rats decreased. An analysis was made of some of the chemical components of E. vermiculata, and found that it contains large amounts of protein, carbohydrates, sugars and calcium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is an organic substance that considered a biostimulant agent and plays a vital role in increasing bioactive compounds content in plants. The study investigated the properties of two different kinds of propolis i.e., Egyptian and Chinese propolis. The physical and chemical analyses results of the Egyptian propolis showed that it contain 253.703 mgGAE/g total phenolic compound, 76.766 mgQE/g total flavonoid compound and 5.417 g/100g total alkaloid. Also, the effect of five concentrations of aqueous extract of the Egyptian propolis was studied as a foliar spray on tomato plants, which were (1, 2, 10, 20, 100 mg propolis ml-1). Tomato plants treated with propolis (100 mg/ml) showed a significant effect in antioxidant content and other bioactive compounds compared to control plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using multiple linear regression analysis, a relationship has been established between the antiradical activity of various classes of natural phenols and descriptors of their electronic structure in the form of semiempirical linear one- and two-factor equations. The predictive ability of the obtained model in the control sample was estimated; the average approximation error was no more than 6.5%. The obtained descriptor—activity relationship is the basis for predicting the antiradical properties of natural phenols of various structures in polar media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the chemical and biological analysis of the ethanolic 70% v/v extracts obtained from Amorpha fruticosa leaves, branches and fruits. The total phenolic content determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method was the highest in leaves extract (159.5 mg/g). The HPLC-MS analysis indicated the presence of ferulic acid, luteolin and rutoside in all three extracts. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method and the results indicated a good scavenging activity (EC50 = 18.8 ± 0.2 µg/mL) for the fruit extract, followed by leaf extract (EC50 = 38.03 ± 0.75 µg/mL) and branch extract (EC50 = 221.16 ± 1.7 µg/mL). The antimicrobial activity evaluated by agar disc diffusion method indicated the inhibition of growth for Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcina lutea for all samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to produce low-energy strawberries of the Joly cultivar by breeding them under different growing conditions. The efficacy of such a process was screened by the means of common physico-chemical parameters underpinned with the findings of elementary chemical analysis. The preferred strawberry breed line (treated with microbiological fertiliser of choice) showed both a decreased energy value (130 ± 6 kJ/100 g or 31.07 kcal) and an increased water content (91.0 ± 7.3 g/100 g). Due to a rich content of phenolic compounds (Total Phenolic Content /TPC/ 4184 ± 39 mg GAE/kg; Total Anthocyanin Content /TAC/ 394 ± 4 mg C3GE/kg), it also exhibited potent antioxidant activity (0.110 ± 0.008 %/μL, HPMC /Hydroxo-Perhydroxyl Mercury(II) Complex/) assay; EC50 = 2.01 ± 0.10 µg and ARP = 0.50 ± 0.05 µg−1, DPPH assay). Finally, the polyphenolic extract of the same breed line showed high anti-α glucosidase activity (IC50 = 19 ± 1 µg/mL), being more than four-fold active compared to acarbose (IC50 = 78 ± 4 µg/mL), the anti-diabetic drug used as a positive control. Taken all together, the utilisation of microbiological fertiliser (Bacillus sp.) in tunnels might be recommended for the breeding of low-energy strawberries of the Joly cultivar (the starting point for developing of novel functional foods targeting the obese population) in the same or similar agricultural conditions, if further studies confirm its likely potential and credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Separation significantly enhanced the antibiofilm activity of the fractions. • Separation significantly increased the antibacterial activity of the fractions. • Through UPLC-MS analysis, 17 phenolic compounds were identified. • Separation dramatically improved antibacterial efficiency of the fraction in tofu. • It provides an efficient way to improve activity/efficiency of natural components. Separation and enrichment of phenolic components from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis were performed to improve the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity/efficiency of the fractions for the first time. Through separation of the crude extracts, the preparation of four fractions was done by chromatography on macroporous resin. It was found that the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of the fractions were significantly enhanced. The obtained 30% ethanol eluted fraction (EEF) and 60% EEF both significantly inhibited biofilm formation. After the second separation by polyamide resin chromatography, the activity of the fractions was also improved. Complete inhibition (100%) on biofilm formation of S. aureus was achieved at 2.0 mg/mL. The MIC of the fractions on S. aureus was decreased to 2.0 mg/mL. There has been variation of 7.3–185.6 mg/g of phenolic content in the fractions, and a strong correlation between the anti-biofilm, the antibacterial activity and the phenolic content. Chemical composition analysis showed the EEF comprised 17 phenolic compounds. Moreover, the obtained EEF exhibited much higher antibacterial activity in tofu than crude extract. Therefore, chromatography separation significantly improved the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity/efficiency of the fractions both in vitro and in tofu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to optimize the extraction of pectin and phenolics from walnut green husk using the electrohydrodynamic method (EHD) and assess its impact on the chemical structure and properties of pectin. A comparative analysis was conducted with acidified water as the conventional extraction method. The results revealed significant improvements under the optimal EHD conditions (36.8 min, 17.5 kV, 90 °C), leading to a remarkable increase of over 64 % in pectin yield and >20 % in total phenolic content in half the extraction time. Chemical analysis showed that pectin samples contain 1.4–1.7 % ash, 3.6–4.6 % protein, over 90 % carbohydrates, and a galacturonic acid content ranging from 67.7 to 68.2 g/g. Both extraction methods yielded pectin with a high methoxyl degree, comparable thermal stability, and amorphous structure. EHD treatment resulted in reduced molecular weight, degree of esterification, water-holding capacity, and emulsion stability of pectin while enhancing its solubility and emulsion capacity. In summary, EHD treatment significantly improved extraction yield and changed the functionality of pectin, particularly in terms of emulsion activity. This alteration should be considered when utilizing pectin for specific applications. • Simultaneous extraction of pectin and phenolics from walnut husk using EHD • EHD yielded 68 % higher pectin and 20 % higher phenolic compared to the conventional. • EHD influenced the chemical, microstructural, and functional properties of pectin. • EHD offers advantages of time efficiency and high extraction yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are increasingly used as precursors for foams, films and composites, where water interactions are of great importance. In this study, we used willow bark extract (WBE), an underrated natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds, as a plant-based modifier for CNF hydrogels, without compromising their mechanical properties. We found that the introduction of WBE into both native, mechanically fibrillated CNFs and TEMPO-oxidized CNFs increased considerably the storage modulus of the hydrogels and reduced their swelling ratio in water up to 5–7 times. A detailed chemical analysis revealed that WBE is composed of several phenolic compounds in addition to potassium salts. Whereas the salt ions reduced the repulsion between fibrils and created denser CNF networks, the phenolic compounds - which adsorbed readily on the cellulose surfaces - played an important role in assisting the flowability of the hydrogels at high shear strains by reducing the flocculation tendency, often observed in pure and salt-containing CNFs, and contributed to the structural integrity of the CNF network in aqueous environment. Surprisingly, the willow bark extract exhibited hemolysis activity, which highlights the importance of more thorough investigations of biocompatibility of natural materials. WBE shows great potential for managing the water interactions of CNF-based products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]