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Compressive stress introduced by source/drain (S/D) SiGe is widely used in 45nm node and beyond advanced technology which boost the P-channel hole mobility. Quantitive measurement of localized stress in channel is limited by the scaling shrinking. Transmitted electron microscopy- Nano Beam Diffraction (TEM-NBD) is an effective method for the local stress distribution measurement in channel and well area derived from S/D Si1-xGex. In this paper, we study the channel strain from the following aspect, including i) active area (AA) width, ii) S/D recess shape, iii) S/D recess trench depth, and iv) Germanium (Ge), Boron (B) concentration of S/D Si1-xGex and Ge, B distribution profile. It is revealed that strain has strong relation with these factors. Pitch with narrow AA width shows lower strain than that of wider AA width. S/D recess shape affects the proximity which is critical for the stress derived from S/D SiGe transmit to channel location. Moreover, S/D recess trench depth determines the volume of filled SiGe then affect the strain to channel. Both of the Ge, B concentration of S/D SiGe and the distribution profile directly affects the lattice mismatch which results in the strain. In general, all these factors affect the volume of the filled SiGe and Ge concentration which eventually determine the strain of S/D to channel area.

Silanized magnetic particles have been developed by means of a number of different methods for coupling antibodies for use in radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) of thyroid related hormones. Carbodiimide, glutaraldehyde, glutaric anhydride and spacer-arms coupling methods were studied for immobilization of triiodothyronine (Ts), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) antibodies on magnetic particles respectively. The effect of the magnetic particle preparation on the couplings was discussed. The influence of coupling conditions on the preparation of magnetic particle antibodies and the assay performance was also investigated. The storage stability and reproducibility of the magnetic particle T3, T4 and TSH antibodies were good enough for use in total T3, total T4 RIA and TSH IRMA. A comparison of five types of magnetic particles from different sources for coupling TSH antibody for TSH IRMA application was made. Silanized magnetic particles and other types of particles showed comparable results. Five TSH antibodies, including two polyclonal and three monoclonal antibodies coupled to silanized magnetic particles respectively, were used in TSH IRMA. It was found that each of them and a commercial monoclonal TSH antibody as label formed good sandwich partners and gave a high signal to low levels of TSH.

A comparative study of radioiodination of simple aromatic compounds using N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), N-chlorotetrafluoro-succinimide (NCTFS) and Chloramine-T (CAT) has been carried out in trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as an aprotic solvent. Optimization of the iodination procedure has been performed using anisole as the model substrate. A fast and simple “one-pot” synthesis via NCTFS, NCS or CAT leads to iodoanisoles with a radiochemical yield of about 70 %. For comparison, toluene and benzene have also been radioiodinated.

Thin selenium films were prepared by cathodic deposition on aluminium foils. The AlSeAl sandwich stacks were used for measurement of the excitation functions of the 76 Se( 3 He,2n) 77 Kr, 77 Se( 3 He,3n) 77 Kr and nat Se( 3 He,xn) 77 Kr reactions up to 3 He-particle energy of 36 MeV. Excitation functions were also measured for the competing reactions 76 Se( 3 He,3n) 76 Kr, 76 Se( 3 He,pn) 77 Br, 76 Se( 3 He,p2n) 76 Br, 76 Se( 3 He,p3n) 75 Br, 76 Se( 3 He,α) 75 Se, 77 Se( 3 He,n) 79 Kr, 77 Se ( 3 He ,4n) 76 Kr , 77 Se( 3 He,pn) 78 Br, 77 Se( 3 He,p2n) 77 Br, 77 Se( 3 He,p3n) 76 Br, 77 Se( 3 He,αn) 75 Se, nat Se( 3 He,xn) 79 Kr and nat Se( 3 He,xn) 76 Kr. Thick target yields were calculated for the formation of krypton and bromine isotopes in 3 He-induced reactions on 76 Se and 77 Se and for krypton isotopes in reactions on natural selenium. The possibilities of production of 77 Kr using 3 He-particle induced reactions on 76 Se, 77 Se and nat Se were investigated. From the viewpoint of yield and purity, for the production of 77 Kr the reactions 76 Se( 3 He,2n) 77 Kr and 77 Se( 3 He,3n) 77 Kr were found to be very suitable, the former at low energies and the latter at relatively higher energies. In the case of 76 Se( 3 He,2n) 77 Kr reaction, a target thickness corresponding to E 3 He = 25 → 15 MeV leads to a theoretical thick target yield of 7.5 mCi 77 Kr/μAh; the 76 Kr impurity at EOB amounts to 0.45%. In the case of 77 Se( 3 He,3n) 77 Kr reaction, on the other hand, for a target thickness corresponding to E 3 He = 36 → 15 MeV the calculated thick target yield of 77 Kr is 11.5 mCi/μAh and the levels of impurities 79 Kr and 76 Kr at EOB amount to 0.35 and 0.36%, respectively.